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L/C Dual-Band Dual-PolarizedL/C Dual-Band Dual-PolarizedShared Aperture ArrayShared Aperture Array

COMP 901 / ITEC 810 Final ReportCOMP 901 / ITEC 810 Final Report

Author: Author: Zhu SUN (42251087)Zhu SUN (42251087)Supervisor:Supervisor: Prof. Karu EsselleProf. Karu EsselleDate:Date: 13/06/201213/06/2012

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OutlineOutline

IntroductionIntroduction Theoretical AnalysisTheoretical Analysis L/C-DBDP Half Perforated Unit CellL/C-DBDP Half Perforated Unit Cell L/C-DBDP Overlapped Unit CellL/C-DBDP Overlapped Unit Cell L/C-DBDP Half Perforated Full ArrayL/C-DBDP Half Perforated Full Array ConclusionConclusion

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IntroductionIntroduction--Background--Background

Fig.2Fig.2 Space- & Air-Borne case Space- & Air-Borne case

Fig.1Fig.1 Base station antenna Base station antenna

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IntroductionIntroduction--Literature Review--Literature Review

Fig.3Fig.3 Perforated Patch [1] Perforated Patch [1]

Fig.5Fig.5 Interleaved Structure [3] Interleaved Structure [3]

Fig.4 Fig.4 Overlapped Structure [2]Overlapped Structure [2]

1. L. L. Shafai, W. A. Chamma, M. Barakat, P. C. Strickland, and G. Séguin, “Dual-band dual-polarized perforated microstrip antennas for SAR applications”, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 48, no. 1, pp.58-66, Jan. 2000.

2. M. Moghaddam, et al, “A Dual Polarized UHF/VHF Honeycomb Stacked-Patch Feed Array for a Large-Aperture Space-borne Radar Antenna”, Aerospace Conf. 2007, pp.1-10

3. X. Qu, S.S. Zhong, Y.M. Zhang and W. Wang, “Design of an S/X dual-band dual-polarised microstrip antenna array for SAR applications”, IET Microw. Antennas Propag., vol.1, no.2, pp. 513–517, 2007.

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Theoretical AnalysisTheoretical Analysis --expression explanation (I)--expression explanation (I)

feed

Neutralized each other

Effective radiated current

Effective radiated current

Weak M-current

Fig.6Fig.6 Field Distribution & Equivalent M-current Field Distribution & Equivalent M-current

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Theoretical AnalysisTheoretical Analysis --expression explanation (II)--expression explanation (II)• Perforation has similar effect as shorten radiation edgePerforation has similar effect as shorten radiation edge• From Transmission Line Model, equivalent circuit From Transmission Line Model, equivalent circuit

parameters [4] can be written as:parameters [4] can be written as:

;;Q factor can be expressed as:Q factor can be expressed as:

, where, whereConclusion:Conclusion: bandwidth scales with bandwidth scales with radiation edge widthradiation edge width

2

3020

sin ( cos )1 sin

cos

w

G d

0

lCvZ

2

3020

sin ( cos )/ sin

cos

wLQ K dR

0

lKvZ

4. H.Pues, etal, “Accurate transmission-line model for the rectangular microstrip antenna”, Microwaves, Optics and Antennas, IEE Proceedings H, vol.131, no.6, pp.334-340

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Theoretical AnalysisTheoretical Analysis --simulation result (I)--simulation result (I)

h1

ht

p a

p b

ls

d

fw

h1

ht

p a

p b

ls

d

fw

p1 d2

h1

ht

p a

p b

ls

d

fw

p1 d2

p 2

d 3

Non-PerforatedNon-Perforated

Half-PerforatedHalf-Perforated Fully-PerforatedFully-Perforated

Fig.7Fig.7 Comparison of three structures Comparison of three structures

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Theoretical AnalysisTheoretical Analysis --simulation result (II)--simulation result (II)• Bandwidth decreases with the increase of perforationsBandwidth decreases with the increase of perforations

1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0R

etur

n Lo

ss /

(dB

)

Frequency / (GHz)

Non-perforation Half-perforation Full-perforation

Fig.8Fig.8 Simulated bandwidth of three structures Simulated bandwidth of three structures

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L/C-DBDP Half Perforated Unit CellL/C-DBDP Half Perforated Unit Cell--Configuration--Configuration

• Reduce Perforation NumberReduce Perforation Number

• Lower ProfileLower Profile

• Trade off in BandwidthTrade off in Bandwidth

• Moderate ComplexityModerate Complexity l1

l2

C2 d

C1

f1f2

C3

h1

h2

h3

h4

h5

h6

#A

#B

#C

#D

p

fw

Fig.9 Fig.9 Configuration of Configuration of ““half-perforated” unit cellhalf-perforated” unit cell

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L/C-DBDP Half Perforated Unit CellL/C-DBDP Half Perforated Unit Cell--Inter-band Coupling--Inter-band Coupling

0 1 1 2 5

-0j

0j

-1j

1j

-1j

1j

-2j

2j

-5j

5j

C element embeded C element un-embeded

1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

S P

aram

eter

/ (d

B)

Frequency / (GHz)

C embeded / |S11| C embeded / |S21| C un-embeded / |S11| C un-embeded / |S21|

0 1 1 2 5

-0j

0j

-1j

1j

-1j

1j

-2j

2j

-5j

5j

L exist Isolated

4.50 4.75 5.00 5.25 5.50 5.75 6.00-40

-30

-20

-10

0

S P

aram

eter

/ (d

B)

Frequency / (GHz)

L exist / |S11| L exist / |S21| Isolated / |S11| Isolated / |S21|

Fig.10Fig.10 coupling from C coupling from C element to L elementelement to L element

Fig.11Fig.11 coupling from L coupling from L element to C elementelement to C element

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L/C-DBDP Half Perforated Unit CellL/C-DBDP Half Perforated Unit Cell--Fabrication & Measurement--Fabrication & Measurement

Top ViewTop View Bottom ViewBottom View

Side ViewSide View

Fig.12Fig.12 Fabricated Half-Perforated Unit Cell Fabricated Half-Perforated Unit Cell

Fig.13Fig.13 Antenna Under Measurement Antenna Under Measurement

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L/C-DBDP Half Perforated Unit CellL/C-DBDP Half Perforated Unit Cell--Measurement Results (I)--Measurement Results (I)

1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.401

2

3

4

5

6

VS

WR

Frequency / (GHz)

H port V port Simulated

VSWR≤2 bandwidth

1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5-25

-20

-15

-10

|S21

| / (d

B)

Frequency / (GHz)

Measured Simulated

VSWRVSWR IsolationIsolation

Fig.14 L band Measured Port ParametersFig.14 L band Measured Port ParametersVSWRVSWR

Fig.14 L band Measured Port ParametersFig.14 L band Measured Port ParametersIsolationIsolationVSWRVSWR

Fig.14Fig.14 L band Measured Port Parameters L band Measured Port Parameters

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L/C-DBDP Half Perforated Unit CellL/C-DBDP Half Perforated Unit Cell--Measurement Results (II)--Measurement Results (II)

-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

Nor

mal

ized

Pat

tern

/ (d

B)

Angle / (°)

E cut X-pol / Simu. H cut Co-pol / Simu. E cut Co-pol / Simu. H cut X-pol / Simu. H cut Co-pol / H port H cut X-pol / H port

E cut Co-pol / H port E cut X-pol / H port H cut Co-pol / V port H cut X-pol / V port E cut Co-pol / V port E cut X-pol / V port

Fig.15Fig.15 L band Measured Radiation Pattern L band Measured Radiation Pattern

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L/C-DBDP Half Perforated Unit CellL/C-DBDP Half Perforated Unit Cell--Measurement Results (III)--Measurement Results (III)

4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.81

2

3

4

5

6

VS

WR

Frequency / (GHz)

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 Simu.

4.0 4.4 4.8 5.2 5.6 6.0-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

|S21

| / (d

B)

Frequency / (GHz)

A1 B1 B2 A2 Simu.

IsolationIsolationVSWRVSWR

Fig.16 C band Measured Port ParametersFig.16 C band Measured Port ParametersVSWRVSWR

Fig.16 C band Measured Port ParametersFig.16 C band Measured Port ParametersIsolationIsolationVSWRVSWR

Fig.16Fig.16 C band Measured Port Parameters C band Measured Port Parameters

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L/C-DBDP Half Perforated Unit CellL/C-DBDP Half Perforated Unit Cell--Measurement Results (IV)--Measurement Results (IV)

-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0N

orm

aliz

ed P

atte

rn /

(dB

)

Angle / (°)

E cut X-pol / Simu. H cut X-pol / Simu. H cut Co-pol / Simu. E cut Co-pol / Simu. E cut Co-pol / H port E cut X-pol / H port

H cut Co-pol / H port H cut X-pol / H port E cut Co-pol / Vport E cut X-pol / V port H cut Co-pol / V port H cut X-pol / V port

Fig.17Fig.17 C band Measured Radiation Pattern C band Measured Radiation Pattern

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L/C-DBDP Overlapped Unit CellL/C-DBDP Overlapped Unit Cell--Configuration (I)--Configuration (I)

Fig.18Fig.18 Configuration of “overlapped” unit cell Configuration of “overlapped” unit cell

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L/C-DBDP Overlapped Unit CellL/C-DBDP Overlapped Unit Cell--Configuration (II)--Configuration (II)

Solution A Solution B

Solution C Solution D

Solution E

Fig.19Fig.19 Vertical transfer method Vertical transfer method

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L/C-DBDP Overlapped Unit CellL/C-DBDP Overlapped Unit Cell--Fabrication & Measurement--Fabrication & Measurement

Fig.20Fig.20 Fabricated Overlapped Unit Cell Fabricated Overlapped Unit Cell

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L/C-DBDP Overlapped Unit CellL/C-DBDP Overlapped Unit Cell--Measurement Results (I)--Measurement Results (I)

1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

S P

aram

eter

/ (d

B)

Frequency / (GHz)

Measured |S11| Simulated |S11| Simulated |S21| Measured |S21|

-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90-40

-30

-20

-10

0

Nor

mal

ized

Pat

tern

/ (d

B)

Angle / (°)

E cut Co-pol / Meas. E cut X-pol / Meas. H cut Co-pol / Meas. H cut X-pol / Meas. H cut Co-pol / Simu. E cut Co-pol / Simu.

Radiation PatternRadiation PatternS ParametersS Parameters

Fig.21Fig.21 L band Measured Results L band Measured ResultsRadiation PatternRadiation PatternS ParametersS Parameters

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L/C-DBDP Overlapped Unit CellL/C-DBDP Overlapped Unit Cell--Measurement Results (II)--Measurement Results (II)

4.50 4.75 5.00 5.25 5.50 5.75 6.00-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

S P

aram

eter

/ (d

B)

Frequency / (GHz)

Measured |S11| Simulated |S11| Measured |S21| Simulated |S21|

-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

Nor

mal

ized

Pat

tern

/ (d

B)

Angle / (°)

H cut Co-pol / Meas. H cut X-pol / Meas. E cut Co-pol / Meas. E cut X-pol / Meas. H cut Co-pol / Simu. E cut Co-pol / Simu.

Fig.22Fig.22 C band Measured Results C band Measured ResultsRadiation PatternRadiation PatternS ParametersS Parameters

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L/C-DBDP Unit CellL/C-DBDP Unit Cell--Measured Data Conclusion--Measured Data Conclusion

Table I.Table I. Measured results of L/C DBDP unit cell Measured results of L/C DBDP unit cell

specificationspecificationOverlapped StructureOverlapped Structure Half Perforated StructureHalf Perforated Structure

LL band band (1.25GHz)(1.25GHz) C C band band (5.3GHz)(5.3GHz) LL band band (1.25GHz)(1.25GHz) C C band band (5.3GHz)(5.3GHz)

Bandwidth Bandwidth (MHz)(MHz) 219219 790790 166166 802802

BandwidthBandwidth (%) (%) 17.617.6 1515 1313 15.815.8

polarizationpolarization Dual-linear polarDual-linear polar Dual-linear polarDual-linear polar Dual-linear polarDual-linear polar Dual-linear polarDual-linear polar

Isolation Isolation (dB)(dB) 1515 1717 1919 2121

X polarization X polarization (dB)(dB) -23-23 -25-25 -23-23 -30-30

Gain (dB)Gain (dB) 9.99.9 13.413.4 9.79.7 10.310.3

11stst SLL (dB) SLL (dB) ---- -15(E) / -21(H)-15(E) / -21(H) ---- -5(E) / -13(H)-5(E) / -13(H)

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L/C-DBDP Half Perforated Full ArrayL/C-DBDP Half Perforated Full Array--Sidelobe Level Calibration --Sidelobe Level Calibration

-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

Nor

mal

ized

Pat

tern

/ (d

B)

Angle / (°)

E cut H cut

Perspective ViewPerspective View

Side ViewSide View Simulated Radiation PatternSimulated Radiation Pattern

Fig.23Fig.23 Raised Ground & SLL Calibration Raised Ground & SLL Calibration

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L/C-DBDP Half Perforated Full ArrayL/C-DBDP Half Perforated Full Array--Configuration--Configuration

Perspective ViewPerspective View Top ViewTop View

Fig.24Fig.24 Configuration of Half Perforated Full Array Configuration of Half Perforated Full Array

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L/C-DBDP Half Perforated Full ArrayL/C-DBDP Half Perforated Full Array--Simulated Results--Simulated Results

1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

S P

aram

eter

/ (d

B)

Frequency / (GHz)

|S11| |S21|

4.5 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 6.0 6.3-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

|S11

| / (d

B)

Frequency / (GHz)

Embeded Isolated

L bandL band C bandC band

Fig.25Fig.25 Simulated S-Parameters of full array Simulated S-Parameters of full array

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L/C-DBDP Half Perforated Full ArrayL/C-DBDP Half Perforated Full Array--Layout (I)--Layout (I)

SMA via hole

Metal Perturbation with via hole

L band cavity

SMA connector

Aluminum PlateAluminum Plate

Upper SurfaceUpper Surface

Aluminum PlateAluminum Plate

downsidedownside

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L/C-DBDP Half Perforated Full ArrayL/C-DBDP Half Perforated Full Array--Layout (II)--Layout (II)

L driven patch &L driven patch &

C driven patchC driven patch

C Parasitic PatchC Parasitic Patch

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L/C-DBDP Half Perforated Full ArrayL/C-DBDP Half Perforated Full Array--Layout (III)--Layout (III)

L Perforated Parasitic PatchL Perforated Parasitic Patch

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ConclusionConclusion

Theoretically explain relationship between bandwidth Theoretically explain relationship between bandwidth and perforationand perforation

Design and fabricate a L/C “half perforated” unit cellDesign and fabricate a L/C “half perforated” unit cell

Design and fabricate a L/C “overlapped” unit cellDesign and fabricate a L/C “overlapped” unit cell

An L/C “half perforated” full array is designed and An L/C “half perforated” full array is designed and under fabricationunder fabrication

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Q & AQ & A

Thanks !Thanks !