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LBJ’s Great Society and Vietnam, 1964-1968 APUSH: Kovacs The 1960s Intro: One of Lyndon Johnson’s primary legislative goals after his election 1964 was to use the Democratic majorities in Congress to push through a massive reform platform known as the Great Society. Johnson’s Great Society grew from his New Deal beliefs in the use of federal power to solve social problems and economic inequality. Unfortunately, Johnson’s Presidency and his legacy would be defined not by the Great Society, but by the growing conflict in Vietnam. The Documents: Document 1: LBJ’s “Great Society” Speech at The University of Michigan (1964) The challenge of the next half century is whether we have the wisdom to use [our] wealth to enrich and elevate our national life, and to advance the quality of our American civilization….We have the opportunity to move not only toward the rich society and the powerful society, but upward to the Great Society. The Great Society rests on abundance and liberty for all. It demands an end to poverty and racial injustice…the Great Society is a place where every child can find knowledge to enrich his mind and to enlarge his talents…The solution to these [issues] does not rest on a massive program in Washington, nor can it rely solely on the strained resources of local authority. They require us to create new concepts of cooperation, a creative federalism, between the national capitol and the leaders of local communities. Document 2: LBJ’s State of the Union Address (12 January 1966) Our Nation tonight is engaged in a brutal and bitter conflict in Vietnam. Later on I want to discuss that struggle in some detail with you. It just must be the center of our concerns. But we will not permit those who fire upon us in Vietnam to win a victory over the desires and the intentions of all the American people. This Nation is mighty enough, its society is healthy enough, its people are strong enough, to pursue our goals in the rest of the world while still building a Great Society here at home. And that is what I have come here to ask of you tonight. I recommend that you provide the resources to carry forward, with full vigor, the great health and education programs that you enacted into law last year. I recommend that we prosecute with vigor and determination our war on poverty…We will continue to meet the needs of our people by continuing to develop the Great Society.

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LBJ’s Great Society and Vietnam, 1964-1968 APUSH:  Kovacs  The  1960s    Intro:      One  of  Lyndon  Johnson’s  primary  legislative  goals  after  his  election  1964  was  to  use  the  Democratic  majorities  in  Congress  to  push  through  a  massive  reform  platform  known  as  the  Great  Society.    Johnson’s  Great  Society  grew  from  his  New  Deal  beliefs  in  the  use  of  federal  power  to  solve  social  problems  and  economic  inequality.    Unfortunately,  Johnson’s  Presidency  and  his  legacy  would  be  defined  not  by  the  Great  Society,  but  by  the  growing  conflict  in  Vietnam.      The Documents:  Document  1:  LBJ’s  “Great  Society”  Speech  at  The  University  of  Michigan  (1964)    The  challenge  of  the  next  half  century  is  whether  we  have  the  wisdom  to  use  [our]  wealth  to  enrich  and  elevate  our  national  life,  and  to  advance  the  quality  of  our  American  civilization….We  have  the  opportunity  to  move  not  only  toward  the  rich  society  and  the  powerful  society,  but  upward  to  the  Great  Society.    The  Great  Society  rests  on  abundance  and  liberty  for  all.    It  demands  an  end  to  poverty  and  racial  injustice…the  Great  Society  is  a  place  where  every  child  can  find  knowledge  to  enrich  his  mind  and  to  enlarge  his  talents…The  solution  to  these  [issues]  does  not  rest  on  a  massive  program  in  Washington,  nor  can  it  rely  solely  on  the  strained  resources  of  local  authority.    They  require  us  to  create  new  concepts  of  cooperation,  a  creative  federalism,  between  the  national  capitol  and  the  leaders  of  local  communities.        Document  2:  LBJ’s  State  of  the  Union  Address  (12  January  1966)    Our  Nation  tonight  is  engaged  in  a  brutal  and  bitter  conflict  in  Vietnam.  Later  on  I  want  to  discuss  that  struggle  in  some  detail  with  you.  It  just  must  be  the  center  of  our  concerns.    But  we  will  not  permit  those  who  fire  upon  us  in  Vietnam  to  win  a  victory  over  the  desires  and  the  intentions  of  all  the  American  people.  This  Nation  is  mighty  enough,  its  society  is  healthy  enough,  its  people  are  strong  enough,  to  pursue  our  goals  in  the  rest  of  the  world  while  still  building  a  Great  Society  here  at  home.    And  that  is  what  I  have  come  here  to  ask  of  you  tonight.  I  recommend  that  you  provide  the  resources  to  carry  forward,  with  full  vigor,  the  great  health  and  education  programs  that  you  enacted  into  law  last  year.  I  recommend  that  we  prosecute  with  vigor  and  determination  our  war  on  poverty…We  will  continue  to  meet  the  needs  of  our  people  by  continuing  to  develop  the  Great  Society.              

 Document  3:  Great  Society  and  Vietnam  Military  Spending    

     Document  3.2:  Robert  Dallek,_Portrait  of  a  President:  Lyndon  B.  Johnson  (2004),  p234.      Despite  his  rhetoric,  Johnson  was  too  much  of  a  political  realist  to  think  that  he  could  achieve  all  this.  But  he  saw  three  reasons  to  try  or  at  least  give  the  appearance  of  trying.  First,  he  genuinely  wanted  to  ease  suffering  among  the  poor  and  enrich  the  lives  of  the  middle  class.  And  even  if  he  couldn’t  do  as  much  as  he  liked  in  1966,  bold  pronouncements  about  marching  toward  Eden  would  increase  the  likelihood  that  he  could  get  part  of  what  he  put  on  the  agenda.  Second,  he  believed  it  politically  essential  to  declare  his  determination  to  reach  the  promised  land.  He  saw  any  indication  of  a  slowdown  in  reform  efforts  as  an  invitation  to  conservatives  to  attack  the  whole  enterprise  as  unaffordable  and  unreachable.  Third,  it  was  remotely  possible  that  a  series  of  administration  actions  affecting  the  economy  might  provide  enough  money  to  combat  the  Communists  in  Vietnam  and  public  problems  in  the  United  States.  And  so,  even  if  a  new  round  of  reform  efforts  fell  short,  he  was  determined  to  try.  

   Document  4:  Great  Society  Legislation  

               

 Directions:  Using  the  above  documents,  address  the  questions  below  with  as  much  evidence  as  possible.    Be  able  to  cite  the  documents  when  responding  in  class.      1.  How  was  the  Great  Society  similar  to  the  New  Deal  legislation  of  the  1930s?                                    2.  What  arguments  do  you  think  conservative  opponents  posed  to  challenge  Johnson’s  “Great  Society”?    How  were  these  debates  similar  to  those  seen  during  the  Great  Depression  between  FDR’s  New  Deal  and  its  critics?                          3.  How  realistic  was  Lyndon  Johnson’s  hope  that  the  Americans  could  continue  the  Great  Society  programs  and  fight  a  growing  war  in  Vietnam?