Fourier’s law of heat conduction:

The law that the rate of heat flow through a substance is proportional to the area normal to the

direction of flow and to the negative of the rate of change of temperature with distance along the

direction of flow. Also known as Fourier heat equation.

Newton's law of cooling (thermodynamics) The law that the rate of heat flow out of an object by both natural convection and radiation is proportional to the temperature difference between the object and its environment, and to the surface area of the object.

Stefan boltzman law: (statistical mechanics) The total energy radiated from a blackbody is proportional to the fourth power of the temperature of the body. Also known as fourth-power law; Stefan's law of radiation.

Newton's law of viscosity

is: an empirical law that describes the behavior of some fluids under a limited range of

conditions. (Such fluids are called Newtonian fluids.)

states: that when a shear stress is applied to a fluid, the velocity gradient that it produces in the

direction perpendicular to the stress is proportional to the applied shear stress, and the

resulting velocity decreases with distance from the plane over which the shear stress is applied,

so

where is a constant, known as the coefficient of viscosity, that is characteristic of the (state of

the) fluid.

Centrifugal pump: In the centrifugal pump the fluid is fed into the pump at center of the rotating impeller and is thrown outward by the centrifugal force. The fluid at the outer periphery of the impeller attains the high velocity and, consequently a high kinetic energy. The conversion of this kinetic energy to the pressure energy supplies the pressure difference between the suction side and the delivery side of the pump.

Positive displacement pump: