[edit] Nouns and adjectives

The citation form for nouns (the one normally shown in Latin dictionaries) is the Latin nominative singular, but this typically does not exhibit the root form from which English nouns are generally derived.

Latin nouns and adjectives

Citation form

Declining stem

Meaning English derivative

acerbus acerb- bitter acerbic

acētum acēt- vinegar acetic

aedificium aedifici- building edifice

alacer alacr- quick alacrity

albus alb- white albino, album

alius ali- other alias, alien

anima anim- soul, life animal, animate

animus anim- mind, anger animosity

annus ann- year annual, annuity

ānser ānser- goose anserine

aqua aqu- water aquamarine, aquatic, aquarium, aqueduct

audāx audāc- brave, bold audacious

auris aur- ear aural

avis avi- bird avian, aviary

bellum bell- war antebellum, bellicose, belligerence, rebel

brachium brac- arm, support embrace, braces, bracelet

bonus– melior– optimus

bon-– melior-– optim-

good– better– best

bonus– ameliorate– optimist

bōs bov- cow, ox bovine

butyrum butyr- butter butyric

calx calc- pebble calculus, calculation

canis can- dog canid, canine

capillus capill- hair capillaries

cervīx cervīc- neck cervical, cervix

cīvis cīv- citizen civil, civilian

clāvicula clāvicul- little key clavicle

cor cor- heart cordial, accord, courage

coniūnx coniug- spouse conjugal

cornū corn- horn Capricorn, unicorn

deus de- god deity, deification

diēs diē- day diary, quotidian

digitus digit- finger, toe digit, digital

discipulus discipul- student disciple

dominus domin- lord dominion, dominate, domain

domus dom- house domestic, domicile

equus equ- horse equestrian

falx falc- sickle falcate

fēlēs fēl- cat feline

fēlix fēlic- happy felicity, felicitations

fēmina fēmin- woman feminine, effeminate

fenestra fenestr- window defenestrate

fīlius fīli- son affiliation, filial

fīnis fīni- limit final, infinite

flōs flōr- flower floral, florist

folium foli- leaf foliage, folio, portfolio

fōrma fōrm- form, shape, beauty formal, information

fors fort- luck fortune, fortuitous

fortis fort- strength effort, fortify, fortitude

frāter frātr- brother fraternity, fratricide

frōns front- forehead front, frontal

frūx frūg- fruit frugal

fūmus fūm- smoke fume, fumigation

genus gen-birth, offspring, creation

generation, genuine

gubernat guber- drive governor

homō homin- man (human being) hominid

ignis ign- fire ignite, ignition

īnsula īnsul- island insulate, peninsula

iūdex iūdic- judge judge, judicial, adjudicate

iūs iūr- right, law justice, jurisdiction

lac lac milk lactose, lactate

lacrima lacrim- tear lachrymose

lēx lēg- law legal, alleged

lingua lingu- tonguebilingual, multilingual, linguistics, lingua franca

lūna lūn- moon lunar, lunatic

lupus lup- wolf lupine

magister magistr- master magistrate

magnus– māior– maximus

magn-– māior-– maxim-

big– bigger– biggest

magnitude– major– maximum

malus– peior–pessimus

mal-– peior-– pessim

bad– worse– worst

malevolence, malice, malignant–pejorative–pessimist

manus manu- hand, band of men manual, manuscript

mare mar- sea marine, maritime, ultramarine

māter mātr- mother matter, matron, maternal

medius medi- middle, waistmedia, medieval, medium, intermediate, immediate, mediocre

mora mor- delay moratorium

morbus morb- sickness morbid

mortuus mort- dead mortuary, moribund, morgue

nihil nihil- nothing nil, nihilism, annihilate

nox noct- night nocturnal

oculus ocul- eye inoculate, ocular

onus oner- load exonerate, onus

ovum ov- egg ovum

pater patr- father patron, paternal

pavīmentum pavīment- ground pavement

pēs ped- foot pedestrian

piscis pisc- fish pisces

prior– prīmus

prior-– prīm-

former– first

priority– prime

pulcher pulchr- beautiful pulchritude

punctum pun(c)t- point punctuation, punctual, contrapuntal

rēx rēg- king regal

rūs rūr- farm rural, rustic

semen sem- seed semen, seminal, disseminate

semi semi- halfsemicolon, semiconductor, semiconscious, seminatural

seminarium semin-seed,breeding ground

seminar, seminary

sinister sinistr- left sinister

terra terr- land terrain, terrestrial, extraterrestrial

unda und- wave undulate, inundate

urbs urb- city suburb, urban

ursus urs- bear ursine

vehiculum vehicul- wagon vehicle, vehicular

vērus ver- truth veracity, verify, verity

vīlla vill- country house village, villa

vir vir- man (masculine) virile

vulpēs vulp- fox vulpine

[edit] Verbs

In some Latin verbs, a preposition caused a vowel change in the root of the verb. For example, "capiō" prefixed with "in" becomes "incipio".

Latin verbs

Citation form

Present stem

Perfect stem

Participial stem

Meaning English derivatives

agō-igo

ag--ig-

eg- āct- do, drive

action, agenda, agent, agility, agitate, ambiguous, castigate, coagulate, cogent, cogitate, exigent, fumigate, intransigent, litigate, navigate, purge, redact, retroactive

alōal--ol--ul-

alu-alit-alt-

nourishadolescent, adult, alimentary, alimony, coalesce

ambulō ambul- ambulav- ambulat- walk amble, ambulance, ambulatory

amō am- amav- amat- like, love amateur, enamor

apōap-api-epi-

ap-apt--ept-

fasten adapt, apt, inept

ardeō ard- ars- ars- be on fire ardent, ardor

areō ar- – – be dry arid

arguō argu- argu- argut- argue

audeō aud- aus-

audiō aud- audiv- audit- hear audible, audition

augeō aug- aux- auct- increase augmentation

aveō av- avarice, avid

bibō bib- bib- bibit- drink imbibe

cadō-cido

cad--cid-

cecid- cas- fallaccident, cadence, case, deciduous, incident

caedōcaed--cid-

cecid-caes--cis-

cutconcise, decision, excise, incision, precise

caleō cal- calu- - be warm calorie

canōcan--cin-

cecin-cant--cent-

sing cantor, recant

capiō-cipiō

cap-cep--cip-

capt--cept-

takecapable, captive, recipient, reception

careō car- caru- carit- lack charity

carpō-cerpo

carp--cerp-

carps-carpt--cerpt-

pick, pluck excerpt

caveō cav- cav- caut- beware caution, caveat, precaution

cēdō cēd- cess- cess- yield, depart accede, excessive, recede, recession

cēlō-culo

cēl--cul-

celav-celat--cult-

hide conceal, occult

cenō cen- cenav- cenat- dine

cernō cern- crev- cret- separate, sift discern, discrete, excretion

cieō ci- civ- cit- excitement, incite

cingō cing- cinx- cinct-encircle, gird

cincture, succinct

clāmō clām- clāmāv- clāmāt- callacclamation, clamor, exclaim, proclamation

claudō-clūdō

claud--clūd-

claus-claus--clūs-

closeclause, conclude, exclusive, occlusion, preclude

clinō clin- clinav- clinat- lean inclination, recline

cogitō cogit- cogitav- cogitat-think, ponder

cogitate

colligō collig- colleg- collect- collect collect

cōnor con- conat- - try conation

coquō coqu- cox- coct- cook concoct, decoction, precocious

cubō cub- cubu- cubat- lie incubator, succubus

-cumbō -cumb- -cubu- -cubit- lie incumbent, recumbence, succumb

cupiō cup- cupiv- cupit- desire cupidity

currō curr- cucurr- curs- run current, recursion

dicō dic- dix- dict- say diction, edict, prediction

dō d-ded--did-

dat--dit-

giveaddendum, dative, editor, perdition, tradition

doceō doc- docu- doct- teach doctor

doleō dol- dolui dolit- grieve dolor, condolence

dormiō dorm- dormiv- dormit- sleep dormitory

dubitō dubit- dubitav- dubitat- doubt indubitable

ducō duc- dux- duct- lead conductor, deduce

edō ed- ed- es- eat edible

emō-imo

em--im-

em- empt- buy redeem, redemption

eō e- i- it- go ambition, exit, obituary, transit

errō err- errav- errat- stray errant, erratic, erratum

faciō-ficiō

fac-fec--fic-

fact--fect-

make deficient, effective, facile, factory

faveō fav- favu- favit- favor

fendō fend- - fens- defend, offensive

ferō fer- tul- lāt- bear, bringconifer, difference, fertile, refer, relate

fīgō fīg- fīx- fix- fix crucifixion

findō find- fid- fiss- cleave, split bifid, fission

fingō fing- finx- fict-fashion, invent

fiction

fiō fi- - - be made

flectō flect- flex- flex- bend deflect, reflex

flō fl- flav- flat- blow flatulence, inflate

fluō flu- flux- flux- flow effluent, influx

for f- – fat- say, speakaffable, fabulous, fame, fate, ineffable, infant

frangō-fringo

frang--fring-

freg- fract- break fracture, infringe

frigeō frig- - - be cold frigid

fruor fru- fruct- - enjoy

fugiō fug- fug- fugit- flee fugitive, refugee

fundō fund- fūd- fūs- pour effusive, fusion, refund

fungor fung- – funct- do fungible, function

gaudeō gaud- - gavis- rejoice

gerō ger- gess- gest- carry agger, digest, ingest

gradior-gredior

gradi--gredi-

–gress--gress-

stepegress, gradient, ingredient, progressive, transgression

gustō gust- gustav- gustat- taste gustation, gustatory

habeō-hibeo

habe--hibe-

habu-habit--hibit-

haveexhibit, habitual, inhibitory, prohibitive

haereō haer- haes- haes- cling, stick adhere, cohesion

halōhal--hel-

halav- halat- breathe exhale, inhalation

hauriō hauri- haus- haust- draw exhaust

hiō hi- hiav- hiat- gape hiatus

iaceō iac- iacu- jacit- be thrown, adjacent

lie

iaciō-iciō

iac-iec-(j)ic-

jact--ject-

throw inject, projectile

irascor irasc- irat- - be angry irascible, irate

labor lab- laps- – slide, slip collapse, elapse, labile, relapse

laciō-licio

lac--lic-

–-lect-

lure delicious, elicit, illicit

laudō laud- laudav- laudat- praise laud, laudable

lavō lav- lav- laut- wash lavatory

lēgō lēg- legav- legat- allege, delegate, relegation

libō lib- libav- libat- pour libation

ligō lig- ligav- ligat- bind ligament, ligature, obligation

linquō linqu- liqu- lict- abandon derelict, relinquish

locō loc- locav- locat- place, put allocate, location

luceō luc- lux- –be light, shine

lucent, pellucid

luctor luct- luctat- – wrestle reluctance

lūdō lūd- lūs- lūs- play collude, illusion, ludicrous

luō lu- lu- lut- wash dilute, pollution

maneō man- mans- mans- stayimmanent, mansion, permanent, remain

mānō mān- manav- manat- flow emanation

meō me- meav- meat- go, pass permeate

mergō merg- mers- mers- dip emerge, immerse

misceō misc- miscu- mixt- mix admixture, mixture

mittō mitt- mīs- miss- send commit, missive

molō mol- molu- molit- grind demolition, molar

moneō mon- monu- monit- warn admonition, monitor, premonition

moveō mov- mov- mot- move motion, motive, motor, move

narrō narr- narrav- narrat- tell narrative, narrator

nascor nasc- –nat-gnat-

be bornagnate, innate, nascent, natal, prenatal

natō nat- natav- natat- float, swim natatorium

necō nec- necav- necat- kill enecate

nectō nect- nexu- nex- join, tie annex, connect, nexus

nōscō-gnōscō

nōsc--gnōsc-

nosc-nōt--gnōt-, -gnit-

know notable, cognitive

nuntiō nunt- nuntiav- nuntiat- bring news announce, renunciation

of, announce

ōdi od- - - hate odious, odium

optō opt- optav- optat- choose adopt, opt

orior ori- – ort- rise abort, orient

orō or- orav- orat- speak orator, perorate

palleō pall- pallu- - be pale pallid, pallor

pangō-pingo

pang--ping-

pepig- pact- fasten compact, impinge

pareō par- paru- parit- be ready apparent, apparition

pariōpar--per-

peper-part--pert-

biparous, vivipary

parō par- parav- parat- make ready prepare, reparation, separate

pateō pat- patu- - be open patent

patior pat- pass- - passive, patient

pellō pell- pepul- puls- push propel, repulsion

pendeō pend- – hang dependent, propensity

pendō pend- pepend- pens- weighcompendium, dispense, expend, pensive

petō pet- petiv- petit- seek, attackappetite, compete, impetus, petulant, repetition

placeō-pliceō

plac--plic-

placu-placit--plicit-

please complacent, placid

placō plac- placav- placat- placate

plangō plang- planx- planct- plangent

plaudō-plodō

plaud--plod-

plaus-plaus--plos-

clap applaud, explode, plausible

plectō plect- plex- plex- plait complexity, perplex

pleō ple- plev- plet- fillcompletion, deplete, plenary, replete, supplement

plicō plic- plicav- plicat- foldcomplicate, duplication, multiplicand, replicate

plōrō plor- plorav- plorat- deplore, implore

pōnō pōn- posu- posit- put component, juxtaposition

portō port- portav- portat- carry deport, portage, transportation

potō pot- potav- potat- drink potable

precor prec- precat- - pray deprecate, precarious

prehendōprehend-prend-

prehend-prehens-prens-

graspapprehension, comprehend, prehensile, reprehensible

premō-primō

prem--prim-

press- press- pushimprimatur, oppress, pressure, repression

pugnō pugn- pugnav- pugnat- fight impugn, pugnacious, repugnant

putō put- putav- putat- think compute, putative

quaerō-quiro

quaer--quir-

quaesiv-quaesit--quisit-

search, seekacquisition, inquire, perquisite, query

rapiō-ripio

rap--rip-

rapu-rapt--rept-

rape, rapidity, rapture, surreptitious

recordor record- recor- recordat-remember, recall

record

regō-rigo

reg--rig-

rex- rect- keep straightcorrection, director, dirigible, incorrigible, rectitude

rideō ride- ris- ris- laugh, smile derision, ridiculous

rigeō rig- – – be stiff rigid, rigor

rodō rod- ros- ros- gnaw corrode, erosion, rodent

rogō rog- rogav- rogat- ask abrogate, derogatory, interrogation

rumpō rump- rup- rupt- break, burst eruption, interrupt, rupture

saliō-silio

sal--sil-

salu- salt- jump resilient, salient

scīō sci- sciv- scit- know plebiscite, science

scrībō scrīb- scrips- scrīpt- write describe, scripture, scribble

sedeō-sideo

sede--side-

sed- sess- sitinsidious, reside, sedentary, sediment, session, supersede

sentiō senti- sens- sens- feel consensus, dissent, sentient

sequor sequ-secut- sum

follow consecutive, sequence

serō ser- seru- sert- desert, insertion, series

serpō serp- serps- serpt- crawl serpent

serviō serv- serviv- servit- serve servile, servitude

servō serv- servav- servat- save conservation, observant, preserve

sistō sist- stet- stat-cause to stand

consistent, insist, persist, subsist

solvō solv- solv- solut- loosen absolve, dissolve, solution

spirō spir- spirav- spirat- breathe aspiration, inspire, respiration

sternō stern- strav- strat-spread, strew

prostrate, stratum

stō st- stet- stat- standconstant, stable, stance, stationary, status

struō stru- strux- struct- construe, destruction

suadeō suad- suas- suas- dissuade, persuasion

sum es- fu- futur- be essence, future

sūmō sum- sumps- sumpt- take consumption, presume

suō su- su- sūt- sew suture

taceōtac--tic-

tacu- tacit- keep silent reticent, tacit

tangō-tingo

tang--ting-

tetig- tact- touchcontact, contingent, tactile, tangent, tangible

tegō teg- tex- tect- cover detect, integument, protect

tendō tend- tetend- tens- stretch extend, tension

teneō-tineo

ten--tin-

tenu--tinu-

tent- have, holdcontinent, detention, maintain, retain, sustain, tenet

terō ter- triv- trit- rub, wear attrition, contrite, detritus

texō tex- texu- text- weavecontext, pretext, subtext, textile, texture

timeō tim- timu- - be afraid timidity

tinniō tinn- tinniv- tinnit- ring tinnitus

trahō trah- trax- tract- drag, drawabstract, detract, distract, extract, protractor, retract, subtrahend, traction

tumeō tum- tumu- - be swollen tumescent, tumid, tumor

utor ut- - us- use use, utility

vacō vac- vacav- vacat- be empty vacant, vacation

vadō vad- vas- vas- go evade, invasion, pervasive

valeō val- valu- valit- be strong prevalent, valence, valid, valor

vehō veh- vex- vect- carry convection, vector, vehicle

vellō vell- vuls- vuls- convulse, revulsion

veniō ven- ven- vent- come convene, prevention

vertō vert- vert- vers- turn reverse, revert, version

videō vidē- vid- vīs- see provident, video, vision

vincō vinc- vic- vict- conquer, win convince, eviction, victory

vivō viv- vix- vict- liverevive, victim, victorious, vivacity, vivid

vocō voc- vocav- vocat- call convocation, provocative

volō vol- volav- volat- fly volatile

volō vell- volu- – wish benevolent, malevolent, volition

volvō volv- volv- volūt- roll convolution, evolve, revolution

vorō vor- vorav- vorat- swallow carnivore, devour, voracious

voveō vov- vov- vot- vow votive

[edit] Prepositions used to form compound words

Latin prepositions

Word Meaning Prefixes

ā, ab away from ab-, a-, abs-, as-

ad to, toward ad-, a-, ac-, af-, ag-, ar-

(ambi) around ambi-, amb-

ante before ante-, anti-

circum around circum-

cis this side of cis-

contrā against, opposite to contra-, contro-

cum together, with con-, co-, col-, com-, cor-

dē down from de-

dis- apart dis-, di-, dif-, dir-

ex, ē from, out of ex-, e-, ef-

extrā outside extra-

in in, into in-, il-, im-, ir-

īnfrā below infra-

inter among, between inter-, intel-

intrā within intra-, intro-

iuxtā beside juxta-

ob, obs toward, against, in the way of, by reason of ob-, oc-, of-, op-

paene almost pen-

per thorough, through per-

post after, behind post-

prae before pre-

praeter by, past preter-

prō for, in front of pro-, por-, prod-

(re) again, back re-, red-

sē apart, without se-, sed-

sub from below, under, up to, close to sub-, su-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sus-

subter beneath subter-

super above, over super-

suprā above, more than supra-

trāns across trans-, tra-, tran-

ultrā beyond ultra-