Mary DickenAndrew Holland Nicholas Fellows

LATE MEDIEVAL ENGLAND1199–1455

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England 1217–1272

King John 1199–1216

Richard II 1377–1399

England 1399–1455O

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<Contents  list  for  Late  Medieval  England  1199-­‐1455>    Introduction    Gateway  to  England  1199-­‐1272    Enquiry  topic:  King  John  1199-­‐1216    Chapter  1  John  and  Normandy     Why  was  John  able  to  secure  the  Angevin  inheritance?   00     What  was  the  importance  of  John’s  marriage  to  Isabelle  of  Angoulême?   00     Why  did  the  nobles  transfer  their  support  to  Philip  II?   00     What  were  the  main  financial  problems  faced  by  John?   00     Why  did  John  lose  Normandy?   00     Study  skills:  Understanding  sources  and  how  they  relate  to  an  issue   00    Chapter  2  John  and  the  Church     What  was  the  relationship  between  John  and  the  Church  initially?   00     Why  did  John  quarrel  with  Innocent  III?   00     What  was  the  impact  of  the  quarrel  for  John,  the  English  Church  and  the  

Pope?   00     Why  did  John  finally  yield?   00     How  significant  was  the  Pope’s  quashing  of  Magna  Carta?   00     Study  skills:  Evaluating  a  series  of  sources   00    Chapter  3  The  Baronial  Rebellion  of  1215     How  was  England  governed  1204-­‐1212?   00     What  efforts  did  John  make  to  recover  the  Angevin  inheritance?   00     Why  did  John  arouse  so  much  resentment  in  the  barons?   00     How  threatening  was  the  rebellion  of  the  ‘Northerners’  1212-­‐13?   00     Why  did  the  rebellion  develop?   00     What  did  the  ‘Articles  of  the  Barons’  and  Magna  Carta  achieve?   00     What  was  the  importance  of  Magna  Carta?   00     Why  did  civil  war  break  out  and  with  what  results?   00     Study  skills:  Using  a  set  of  sources  with  confidence   00    British  Period  Study:  England  1216-­‐1272    Chapter  4  The  minority  and  early  years  of  the  reign  of  Henry  III  1216–1232     How  strong  was  Henry’s  position  in  1216?   00     Why  did  Louis’  invasion  fail?   00     How  important  was  William  the  Marshal  I  in  the  government  of  England?

  00     Why  was  there  unrest  in  the  early  1220s?     00     What  was  the  impact  of  the  Henry’s  wars  in  France  in  the  1220s  on  English  

politics?     00     How  did  the  minority  of  Henry  III  impact  on  the  development  of  

government  in  England?     00  

  Why  was  Hubert  de  Burgh  replaced  by  Peter  des  Roches?     00     What  were  the  causes  and  results  of  unrest  in  the  period  1232-­‐34?     00     Historical  debate:  How  important  was  William  the  Marshal  in  the  survival  

of  the  monarchy   00     Study  skills:  Understanding  the  wording  of  the  question  and  planning  an  

answer  for  AS  and  A  level   00    Chapter  5  Henry’s  rule  1232–1258     What  was  the  significance  of  Henry’s  marriage  to  Eleanor  of  Provence?   00     How  significant  was  Henry’s  piety  in  the  development  of  his  image?   00     What  was  the  impact  of  Henry’s  view  of  kingship?   00     How  influential  was  Simon  de  Montfort  in  this  period?   00     Why  was  the  issue  of  consultation  with  the  barons  so  controversial?   00     Why  did  the  methods  of  local  government  create  disquiet?    00     What  were  the  reasons  why  the  Jews  were  taxed  heavily?    00     Why  had  the  regime  become  increasingly  unpopular  by  1258?    00     Historical  debate:  How  successful  was  Henry’s  personal  rule?    00     Study  skills:  Writing  an  introduction  and  avoiding  irrelevance   00    Chapter  6  Political  Crisis  1258–1263     Why  was  there  a  coup  in  1258?   00     How  radical  were  the  Provisions  of  Oxford?   00     What  were  the  motives  and  influences  of  the  reformers?   00     Why  were  the  Lusignans  expelled  from  England?   00     Why  was  there  a  crisis  in  1260?    00     Why  and  with  what  consequences  did  Henry  regain  authority?    00     Why  was  the  restoration  of  royal  power  short-­‐lived?    00     Historical  debate:  What  were  Simon  de  Montfort’s  motives?    00     Study  skills:  Avoiding  descriptive  answers,  writing  analytically,  the  crucial  

opening  sentence  of  each  paragraph   00    Chapter  7  Simon  de  Montfort,  civil  war  and  reconstruction  1263–1272     Why  was  Simon  de  Montfort’s  seizure  of  power  in  1263  short-­‐lived?   00     Why  was  Simon  de  Montfort  victorious  at  Lewes?   00     Why  was  de  Montfort  unable  to  secure  power  after  Lewes?   00     How  important  was  the  Lord  Edward  in  the  defeat  of  de  Montfort?   00     What  were  immediate  problems  in  achieving  a  settlement  after  the  Battle  

of  Evesham?   00     How  successful  was  reconstruction  and  recovery  after  the  civil  war?   00     Historical  debate:  To  what  extent  was  stability  and  reconciliation  achieved  

after  Evesham?    00     Study  skills:  writing  a  conclusion  and  overall  essay  writing  for  AS  and  A  

level   00    Revise,  Review,  Reflect  1199-­‐1272   00    Gateway  to  England  1377–1455   00    Enquiry  topic:  Richard  II  1377–1399  

 Chapter  8  Richard  II’s  minority  1377–1380     What  was  the  state  of  England  in  1377?   00     Why  was  the  coronation  ceremony  of  Richard  II  so  unusual?   00     Why  did  the  rule  of  the  councils  change  during  the  reign  of  Richard  II?   00     To  what  extent  did  John  of  Gaunt  influence  the  governance  of  England  

during  the  minority?   00     To  what  extent  did  the  renewal  of  war  with  France  have  a  detrimental  

impact  on  domestic  affairs?   00     Why  were  the  parliaments  of  1377  and  1378  so  important?   00     Why  did  the  continual  councils  not  continue?   00     Study  skills:  Understanding  and  interpreting  sources   00    Chapter  9  Personal  Rule  1380–1388     Why  and  with  what  consequences  was  there  a  Peasants  Revolt  in  1381?  00     Why  did  Richard  II  quarrel  with  John  of  Gaunt?   00     How  influential  were  de  la  Pole  and  de  Vere  on  Richard  II?   00     Why  was  there  a  war  with  Scotland  (1385)  and  a  threatened  war  with  

France  (1386)?   00     How  significant  was  the  Wonderful  Parliament  and  the  impeachment  of  

Chancellor  Pole  (1386)?   00     How  influential  were  the  Lords  Appellant  and  their  rule?   00     How  significant  was  the  Merciless  Parliament  (1388)   00     Study  skills:  Evaluating  a  series  of  sources   00    Chapter  10  Personal  Rule  and  overthrow  1388–1399     To  what  extent  was  there  stability  in  England  from1388  to  1397?   00     To  what  extent  was  1397  a  major  turning  point  in  the  governance  of  

England?   00     Why  was  the  parliament  of  1398  so  important?   00     How  far  had  Richard  developed  a  unique  concept  of  monarchy  by  1398?  00     Why  was  Richard  II  overthrown  in  1399?   00     Study  skills:  Using  a  set  of  sources  with  confidence   00    British  Period  Study:  England  1399–1455    Chapter  11  The  reign  of  Henry  IV     How  strong  was  Henry  Bolingbroke’s  claim  to  the  throne?   00     How  effectively  did  Henry  IV  secure  the  throne  in  the  early  months  of  his  

reign?   00     How  serious  a  challenge  to  Henry  IV  was  rebellion?   00     How  successfully  did  Henry  IV  manage  his  finances  and  relations  with  

parliament  in  the  period  to  1406?   00     How  serious  a  problem  was  Lollardy  for  Henry  IV?   00     To  what  extent  were  the  latter  years  of  Henry  IV’s  rule  characterized  by  

factional  struggles?   00     Historical  debate:  Why  did  Henry  IV’s  regime  survive?   00     Study  skills:  Understanding  the  wording  of  the  question  and  planning  an  

answer  for  AS  and  A  level   00  

 Chapter  12  The  domestic  rule  of  Henry  V     How  successfully  did  Henry  reconcile  former  opponents  of  the  Lancastrian  

regime  to  his  rule?   00     How  much  support  was  there  for  Lollardy  in  the  period  to  1414?   00     How  serious  a  threat  was  the  Oldcastle  Rebellion?   00     How  effectively  did  Henry  and  his  government  deal  with  the  Lollard  threat?

  00     What  were  the  reasons  for  the  Cambridge/Southampton  Plot?   00     What  was  the  impact  of  war  with  France  on  the  government  of  England?  00     To  what  extent  was  royal  authority  strengthened  by  Henry  V?   00     Historical  debate:  What  was  the  impact  of  Lollardy?    00     Study  skills:  Writing  an  introduction  and  avoiding  irrelevance   00    Chapter  13  War  with  France  1399–1453     Why  did  war  break  out  between  England  and  France  in  the  fourteenth  

century?   00     Why  did  the  truce  of  1389  collapse?   00     How  successful  were  Henry  V’s  campaigns  in  France?   00     How  important  was  Joan  of  Arc  in  the  French  recovery?   00     Why  did  England  lose  control  of  Normandy  and  Gascony  in  the  period  

1450-­‐53?   00     What  was  the  impact  of  the  losses  in  France  on  English  domestic  policy?  00     Historical  debate:  Why  did  the  English  win  the  Battle  of  Agincourt?    00     Study  skills:  Avoiding  descriptive  answers,  writing  analytically  and  the  

crucial  importance  of  the  opening  sentence  of  each  paragraph   00    Chapter  14  The  minority  of  Henry  VI  and  the  origins  of  the  Wars  of  the  Roses     How  successfully  was  England  ruled  in  the  period  from  1422  to  1437?   00     How  successfully  was  England  ruled  in  the  period  from  1422  to  1437?   00     Why  was  there  so  much  criticism  of  Suffolk?   00     What  were  the  reasons  for  the  Act  of  Resumption  of  1450?   00     Why  did  Cade’s  rebellion  break  out  in  1450?   00     What  were  the  aims  of  Richard,  duke  of  York,  on  his  return  from  Ireland?

  00     How  far  was  Henry  VI’s  illness  the  cause  of  breakdown  in  government  in  

the  years  1453-­‐1455?   00     Historical  debate:  Why  did  the  Wars  of  the  Roses  break  out?    00     Study  skills:  writing  a  conclusion  and  overall  essay  writing  for  AS  and  A  

level   00    Revise,  Review,  Reflect:  England  1377–1455   00    Glossary   00  Index   00