LARGE « SCALE SUSTAINABILITY

PROJECT FOR THE NATIONAL HISPANIC

INSTITUTE

in

MAXWELL, TEXAS

by

Dan-Ren6 Valenzuela

Submitted to the Architecture Faculty

of the College of Architecture at

U N 1 V E R S I T Y

in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of

Mfl.«tp.r nf.ArchkM*tiurp.>f

May 1999

. ] ; • • ' c ^ ' ;

:IEW ff?

NWRC entrance aqueduct (1-1)

rchitecture has, and always will be, eternally related to the environ­ment. One of the primary goals in architecture is to provide protection and shelter for its inhabitants from the environment. Developing a synergistic relationship between the natural envi­ronment and the built environment will continue to be high priority as more and more natural resources diminish for the sake of human shelter. More recently, the architectural industry has begun taking responsibility for its own actions by taking steps to alleviate the burden put on the environment. New technolo­

gies in solar design, water collection and conservation, and curtain wall de­sign have taken huge strides in research and trials in order to lessen the negative impact on the environment, its inhabit­ants, and its resoiu^ces.

The implementation of design strategies in the areas of energy conser­vation, sustainability, and solar design is in no way a problem brought about in recent times. These issues have been deeply rooted in architecture for up to 2,500 years. Archeologists and histori­ans provide evidence that "solar archi­tecture" flourished throughout ancient Greece and the surrounding area.i En­tire cities were planned in relation to the sun's orientation and path, as were the openings and spatial organization of individual homes. Entire cities planned their major roads on a north-south axis so the they would obtain the sun's full warmth throughout the day. Residential streets were aligned along the east-west axis. This grid form maximized expo­sure to the sun's path. Individual homes opened up to the south and were elongated along the east-west axis. This gave the home the ability to warm quickly during the morning and mini­mize the exposure to the hot setting

BwawflMwwwwimiiiiniiiwwwiaw

;w MMiMHlMbMiMlMaiMMii

sun.2 Even Marcus Vitruvius, the great Roman architect, wrote of the impor­tance of the building's relationship to its environment and location. He noted that buildings should be placed on the healthiest and best suited site. The locations of certain functions within the building have their proper placement and orientations as well. Functions of the house were placed in such a way as to take full advantage of the sun's heat capabilities. The most active parts of the homes were along the southern edge of the house. It was this facade that could most easily be controlled as to the amount of light and heat that entered the home. Shaded interior courtyards with water elements were also used to escape the heat of the day by cooling fresh air.3

These design strategies are very important to the preservation of the environment, in addition to saving money and resources for the clients, users, and/ or inhabitants.

H:."iJia!'-fJt^>K)nr»'^ ,'M<*Hli:f|. niHwmWiMitWHMl'i' - -Y T i l •M i f t t - t r t tT | - v r "Wi inM ^ • • •

i l l l ii

^^^^^^M^

3^p*i**^^^^S B^4^^4^M

sift^fmrntum S ^^^^^^^^m

j r j ^ ^ ^ j f f t

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ I j

^^^^f |? f« |«2 l !»

f««!«SS!«!«?S»«'«'*r!

^ ^ ; ^ | . ^

i|H r * ' S!r*

IfiJSIrH ' ^^S ' ' •.^nmtx'm^.

TV'

!«* i.'^Sfi { 'Uj w^ytjfc^iT^'**^^ <MM

&^^^^^I^^S9@li\ / lUffi fHiiHt??IB?*<9B^^r^^ S' ^ Ifev i rTT-^ TTTTT

If I "^ VvAv/ IIJ w

T A B L E of C O N T E N T S OVERVIEW:

Preface Table of Contents

Abstract

THEORETICAL BASIS:

Supporting Theory Architectural Issues Design Response

Case Studies References

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

Mission Statement Facility Issues Case Study Activity Analysis

Spatial Analysis References

CONTEXT DESCRIPTION:

Overview

Site Analysis

Contextual Issues

Case Studies References

SPATL^L SUMMARY:

ii

iv

V

2

4

9

11

14

18

19

21

22

25

30

34

36

37

39

41

OVERVIEW

sits context (1-2)

SCOPE OF PROJECT:

The project will serve as the administrative headquarters for the Na­tional Hispanic Institute. This organiza­tion provides opportunities and support in the education and leadership of young students and professionals.

Included in the building will be offices for a small staff, conference rooms, a library, and work rooms. Future expansions will include facilities conmaonly foimd on small campuses -dormitories, cafeterias, assembly areas, and classrooms.

THESIS STATEMENT:

The incorporation of new and existing technologies in sustainable ar­chitecture is important to the building's energy performance and increase in the sensitivity to environmental responses. These applications can be reflected in the image and forms of the architecture.

This project is also meant to test the limitations of sustainable technology. While much of the development in this area of technology support only small projects, that same technology can also apply to much larger facilities.

CONTEXT STATEMENT:

The existing headquarters for the National Hispanic Institute is currently located in Maxwell, Texas, just south of Austin in the Texas Hill Country. A three-story Victorian-styled building, which serves as the administrative cen­ter for the organization, was erected at the turn of the century. The new facilities will also be built on the same thirty-six acre site on which the current headquarters is located. The current office space will remain in use, but serve in a different capacity.

IWHWUPIWnriKiyillWIWI

m CO

7 j

i

SUPPORTING THEORY:

It is very well-known and accepted within the architectural profession that carefully selected materials, elementary design fundamentals, as well as the incorporation of certain design tech­nologies in sustainable architecture, can lessen the negative impact of the build­ing on the enviromnent and its inhabit­ants.

This area of architecture experienced an influx during the 1970s and 1980s as the country began to feel an energy crisis and realize the importance of conservation. As threats of the disap­pearing rain forests and the depleting ozone layer filled the evening news, the architectural industry began to feel the need to contribute to the solution, rather than the problem. Benefits to the enviroimient are slowly being witnessed in many areas of the architectural industry.

These values in environmentally conscious architecture are also imple­mented to benefit the clients. With the conservation of energy consiuned by the building, the incoming utilities are kept at a minimum - thus reducing the operation costs of the facility.

Architects and builders need to amend the current rationale of design and construction - economic concerns over environmental. To accomplish this, designs must respond to environ­mental impact, energy efficiency, and sustainability issues. At the same time, it is important to reflect these issues in the image and forms of this project so that efforts in conservation may be appreciated.

NWRC west facade (1-3)

THEO^RETICAL BASIS

This project, and the issue of sustainability in general, can be thought as being similar to a human being. For a being to be self-sustained, it must be able to accomplish at least three impor­tant operations - harvest its own fuel, manage its moisture and water content, and dispose of its waste material. This holds true for many other organisms besides the human being, as well as individual buildings. There have been many studies and developments in ar­chitectural technology to com­pose build­ings and materials that react more like a living or-gani sm. Yet for or-ganisms, like in architecture, the question can be raised - can one being be truly and completely "self-sustained?" Can a building exist on its own without human beings? Can human beings exist on their own without architecture, or other human beings for that matter?

da vincfs human form (1-4)

This project will explore the idea that architecture, like humans, can have the ability to provide for itself and be fully self-sustained. As a result, the reliance upon other entities can be greatly reduced and, in turn, provide the client with a system that is lower in operating and maintenance costs and provide a healthy environment for its inhabitants.

•*'»S?^

.THEORETICAE BASIS

SOLAR COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT:

Managing the sun has been an important issue in architecture and, many times, difficult to control. If this facility is to perform at its peak effi­ciency and conserve energy, then the design elements must manage the sun's power to benefit the project.

Design elements of the facility will respond to solar character­istics by screening direct sunlight before it enters the building and affects the building's energy performance.

Activity and spatial organiza­tions will be zoned to reduce the impact of winter winds from the north while taking advantage of southern sun exposures.

buffer zone protection

!i

StiAOEO «M.n-i

SOL 10

INT.

OPEN

o o « o

inside core pfolection

: , = TJ

(r

IE various mass and solid

overhangs landscaping

fH -•""• ijL

^^<^^r-

skylights and louvers

1 "^^J

V /

° Energy will be generated using technologies in photovoltaic solar collection systems and storage.

energy collection

• ^>:~>-v

O L .

BETTER IZS

energy storage

eriergy usage

s ,:|: TTERIE5

TO US£f! A . i !7

A.

|0MIHM(>«Mi«nP#NtMIW*HWhMiir> -J.- 'V-*'^-. itiW-yf-H' -MUsjCWlUftWaWiiMMW WWMHnWOilKit' ' -v«u..--A»~i.<>.

.:j,.fi^SSti!±IS±umiSii!l^.''

O R E T I C A L BASIS

WATER COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT :

Water is the basis and common denominator of all living things - a building can be thought of as no different. There is a high amount of good-quality water that runs a facility of this type and it could be provided from on-site sources. Therefore, this facility must collect, treat, and make water ready for various uses and con­sumption.

° Collected water will be treated and cleaned through the use of constructed wetlands.

pnmary use

- t i ^ '

r r

'-•-> 1.1. ^ T T -

treatment in wetlands

sanitary re-use

' _ ^ _ ' -

5 > - • >•

° Roof, parking lot and other impermeable surfaces will be designed as to maximize water collection.

inverted roof slopes

^

TO ' I

L-...rn

sloped balcony floors

gutters at perimeter of parking lots

V_/"

TO CCLLECTtON

° Gray waste water will be collected and treated for use around the grounds of the property.

primary use

StJFPL-

1 - 1

ir

re-use irrigatk>n

1

treatment and settling

. V>> ^r.miHiAit/'iUiflkUWMtMI'tlllH "•r"T"Tr~ "^ir-- --'-nnrirwi^iirn

•%z:.,r.

y""^'^'^^^^'/"/

hi^ij^.

'ts^.-^

EORETICAL BASIS

NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING :

Lighting is just as important a material as concrete or steel. It empha­sizes and highlights the characteristics of all spaces. The facility must take full advantage of both natural and artificial lighting characteristics.

° Design elements should allow natural light into the building; 70% of lighting should be natural during the daytime hours.

° Artificial lighting will be automatically and/ or manually controlled to compensate for unusually low natural light levels.

lowMight sensors,

^

]1^

n

room entry sensors

I '

. ;_ - , ->n Bm activate light fixtures

25% window surface highly-reflective blinds

v i s , • r - , ( / ^ : /

large skylights

° Lighting fixture design will provide the proper amount of light for the least amount of energy.

individual task lighting

I a ^

highly reflective ceiling

• i -kW3i i i«" . f ' i«*«( |« !.•...>,••» w».»fc: i-«j( l

•.mi m .TIGAL^^BASIS

NATURAL VENTILATION :

Carrying forth with the sentiment that a building is a self-sustained being, the facility will have the ability to provide itself with fresh air while ridding itself of unhealthy, stale air. The building must, in essence, have the ability to "breathe."

° Natural vegetation will be introduced to the interior of the space to inqirove indoor air quality by ridding the micro-climate of carbon dioxide and other air-borne poUutants.

Carefully designed corridors and openings in the envelope will allow for breezes to enter the building in order to provide relief from the summer heat

Venturi affect

1 •••-••. L

1 • ' • • " i:

-f

• » :i

interk>r breezeways

operat>le windows

1

plantings at openings

kt L

j f l — : " ^ ^ : r ^

4 ••,

personal sun spaces

indoor courtyards

Zones in which vapors or noxious fumes are emitted will be grouped and provided separate ventilation systems than those of the main facility.

separate building for hazardous uses

w-V//A

PRIW.T

FJ&LIC

Minimum ventilatmn in the offices will be -

15 ft3/inin

iwtaAiiPuif»jniii:iyu ^: M i i r n a t i M i m « t u w n w m UMBMVtiHikAa flW^i^. »4MiHf 1WMI

'iimmitii^mm^

^m i T H E O R E T I C A L BASE

WASTE MANAGEMENT :

The ability to rid itself of its own wastes is another of the prerequisites set forth that allows the facility to become self-sustained. Mishandling of wastes would create a situation for disease and pollution, thereby adversely affecting the efficiency of the facility and its inhabitants.

° Sanitary wastes will be coUected, stored and secured away from any public area and water sources.

Construction and finish materials with zero- or low-emmision VOC s will be selected to reduce airborne pollutants.

carpet and vinyl ftooring adhesives must be...

VOC FREE

w«tiand treatment high security fences

'-X ,=P

* ^ ^ ^ .:< . V

''""hr

underground septic tanks

° Office and kitchen refuse will be separated, collected and recycled.

readily available storage rooms

.\

REL

raised k>ading docks for easy removal

- •^'>'>*''4Wie^"*r'.iintvH;»iMU>*«i8iiMCm

BA:SIS 3 ; zSC

DESIGN RESPONSE:

The technologies discussed in this section are very important to the suc­cess of this project. In the past, architectural literature has covered many case studies on sustainable facili­ties. Yet, the proposed project will be one of a much larger scale - one which must accommodate up to three hundred people.

The forms, shapes, materials, and organization of these facilities should reflect the technologies used in sustain­able architecture. They will become an integral participant in the design and image of the buildings. In other words, each element of technology will be a carefiiUy considered design detail rather than somediing that appears to be an add-on or a retrofit.

Control of the sun on the south side will most likely come in the form of recessed openings and buffered by shaded archways. Vegetation on the site is somewhat limited and concen­trated centrally, so additional landscap­ing may have to be introduced before shading the windows will be possible.

recessed openings limit direct light

k.^J 1' i

^ i

r"

'' ^ :<

/

landscaping provkles protection and control

IHlllflHftMWIIIKntlintMt.(11H

BAsS

Water collection and management for this project is critical. The shape and materials for the roof must be conducive to collecting as much water as possible with minimal loss by ab­sorption and inadequate drainage. A metal roof would be the material of choice that meets the above criteria. A metal roof is also one of the cleanest options available as water is carried from the roof without carrying roof material or having its pH altered. The shape of the roof can be designed in such a way as to "funnel" the water to a single point. This may give the opportunity to emphasize or "show off the water collection system as an inte­gral part of the entire sustainable sys­tem.

The handling of wastes is also important to the sustainability of this complex. Although the importance of this aspect must not be down played, it will not be as prominently displayed as other areas. The constructed wetlands that is to introduced to the site will most likely be the only evidence of waste management. Efforts to conceal office and kitchen refuse from view can be accomplished through landscaping.

.A"-

constructed wetland treatment

funneling' roof slopes

I-

' • > ' - ,

collection

">

\ -

ciste ms

•MWb-unHutuaMWionf

south view showing solar panels on rooftop (1-5)

CHEZ SOLEIL

AUSTIN, TEXAS

This project is the most perfect example of a sustainable facility in the Texas Hill Country. Driven by the desire to reduce the enviroiunental im­pact and to create sustainable architec­ture, designer / builder Paul Breaux combines a nimiber of well-known design strategies, as well as innovative processes, to create a house that em­braces its surroundings.

This project focuses on many elemental aspects of design - from materials selection and ventilation strat­egies to more complex and sophisticated strategies like artificial wetlands and thermally-coupled foundations.

The architectural expressions of most of these strategies are intentionally and successfully subtle. Rainwater is col­lected from gutters beneath the metal roof and transferred to an 11,000 gallon collection cistern on the site.

The design also takes advantage of the groimd's average temperature of 74° Fahrenheit. The foundation is coupled to the earth's natural heat in order to stabilize the facility's temperature .5

This project is successful because it is totally and completely self-sustained. All energy is generated on site through photovoltaic, solar panels which elimi­nates the need for external resources. A much larger-scale project of this scheme is desired by the National Hispanic Institute.

water collection cistsm (1-6)

>'.'>>K.-MiUMins«;^*^«i

T I C A L BASIS

.>r^:^f^rNk,

• • • • • i & r '.^^

.e-^ii^iPi •I'Mamnrnm ^ . '^fmi^u<^ W.

southeast view (1-7)

DISTRICT OFFICE BUILDING

WAUKESHA, WISCONSIN

The State of Wisconsin authorized over 8.3 million dollars for a new district office building in downtown Waukesha. Energy efficiency and inte­rior flexibility were the major design requirements for this project. Foiu* major design elements allowed the building to lower construction costs, as well as reduce operating costs - a heat pump system, an on site building management system monitoring energy performance, a computerized light dim­

ming system, and a substantially sloping roof The roofs slope and reflective metal surface direct light deep inside the spaces. Overhangs on the south facade allow direct solar heat gain only during the winter months. Energy efficiency is also addressed in the organization and layout of the spaces with regard to their functions.

The understanding and implementa­tion of solar design, in conjunction with a sophisticated ventilation system pro­vides the State of Wisconsin a high quality office complex for well under the estimated budget.

The integration of such develop­ments, such as those used in this case study, are important to the efficiency of this project. A business must have the ability to save much money as possible and, since the administrative headquar­ter can be the Institute's greatest asset, it is here that the opportunity exists where the greatest savings can be made.

tHiilding section (1-8)

MIWHIMMeiMMIIMI wifcjiiiniwmliiiiiK.'riMO

ASIS

water elements on site (1-9)

ARTIFICIAL WETLANDS

SANTA ANA RIVER, CA

Researchers from Northwestern University and the University of Cali­fornia at Berkley reported that well-defined wetland systems can purify water through totally natural means. Studies prove that dangerous, chlori­nated compounds can be virtually elimi­nated in wetlands containing cattails or in open water covered with duckweed.

High nitrate levels in excess of ten milligrams per liter can pose health pro­

blems to humans, not to mention new-bom babies. The research conducted was aimed at helping to design a purification system based solely on natural processes, and especially the activity of microbes in different parts of the system.7

This process of naturally cleansing water can be an immense asset to any facility. The Texas Hill Country often suffers water shortages and any effort to recycle the most precious commodity a self-sustainable building can is well worth the effort. Although constructed wetlands have been proven to work well in smaller conununities, a large facility, such as the campus in Maxwell, is the perfect opportunity to stretch the limits of constructed wetlands.

v i t r M " ^ ! * *

OulMI (

" l l l . i » i « l l « »"<' I s * . 1 to I *

typical wetlands section (1-10)

tl«>*:*«'i'»IWlW''-'i".'l

ASIS

ENDNOTES:

1. Butti, Ken and Perlin, John. A Golden Thread: 2500 Years of Solar Architecture and Technology. Chesire Books. Palo Alto, California. 1980. pg. 3.

2. Butti. pg. 5.

3. Granger, Frank transl. Vitruvius on Architecture "Book I, Chapter II." Harvard University Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1931. pg. 31.

4. National Wildflower Research Center. "Water Harvesting." Austin, Texas. 1997.

5. Chez Soleil. trans. Landrus, Michael. Online. Internet. 25 September 1997 Available FTP: inetport.com.

6. Chahners, Ray. "Daylighting, heat pumps combine for energy savings." Building Design and Construction. February, 1994. pgs. 62-66.

7. Progress in Natural Purification Online. Internet. 30 September 1997. Available FTP: newswise.com

•VCUKJKWNCMi

^ T H E O R E T I C A L BASIS rffa

OTHER REFERENCES:

"Energy-wise Home Guidelines." Energy - Wise News Issue 52 (April/May 1997): n. page. Online. Internet. 29 September 1997.

Florida's Water: Other Wetlands - Freshwater Marshe<v Online. Internet. 25 September 1997. Available FTP: arch.usf edu.

"The Man with the Mirrors." Energy - Wise News. Issue 54 (August/September 1997): n. page. Online. Internet. 29 September 1997.

Morrow, J. V. "Early life of Northern Pike in artificial wetlands of Conesus lake. New York." In. 1995: pg. 26-238. Online. Internet. 30 September 1997.

"Old and Dirty gets Cleaner and Greener." Energy - Wise News. Issue 54 (August/ September 1997): n. page. Online. Internet. 29 September 1997.

"Southern Sun - Roof" Energy - Wise News. Issue 54 (August/ September 1997): n. page. Online. Internet. 29 September 1997.

Southwest Center for environmental Research and Policy: Final Draft trans. Torrence, Ann. Online. Internet. 30 September 1997. Available FTP: cdj.itesm.mx.

"Sun - Powered Buildings. Energy - Wise News. Issue 54 (August/ September 1997): n. page. Online. Internet. 29 September 1997.

iB*<iwiii<nMw.w' .Ml^^^^^jfc^^l^awrtt^^H^l^^w••lMrl<aifc^^u*»«.^•«'l^^^^ •• • ..^^u»-K.^^m

•..vjatWJM-"'

ASIS

IMAGES:

1-1. National Wildflower Research Center. Valenzuela photo.

1-2. National Hispanic Institute site. Valenzuela photo.

1-3. National Wildflower Research Center. Valenzuela photo.

1-4. Human form. Da Vinci, Leonardo. (oidine).

1-5. Chez Soleil south view. Landrus.

1-6. Chez Soleil cistern. Landrus.

1-7 District Office Building. Chalmers.

1-8 District Office Building. Chalmers.

1-9. National Hispanic Institute site. Valenzuela photo.

1-10 Typical Wetlands section. Hammer, Donald A. ed. Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment Lewis Publishers, Inc. Chelsea, Michigan. 1989. pg. 154.

?ah:'tHitllh 'tUtnMM

^ 8

existing office building (2-1)

MISSION STATEMENT:

The mission of this design is to provide a well-organized environment in which the National Hispanic Institute can efficiently and effectively realize the full potential of the organization.

The vision of the Institute is to develop leadership training to heighten the preparedness and skill-readiness of students. NHI challenges all of its members and constituency groups to be creative problem-solvers and engineers of new markets while keeping in mind the social, cultural, political, and eco­

nomic characteristics of the Hispanic community. 1

The facility chosen to express the ideas of large-scale sustainability is the small campus currently in development for NHI. It is this type of facility that has the greatest opportunity to test the current boundaries of sustainable tech­nology. It is centers like these that can make a higher impact on the current environmental status. The possibilities of reducing the bxuden put on local utilities by providing such a large-scale, completely self-sustained complex are enormous.

This facility will serve as the administrative headquarters for the or­ganization, as well as a public, commu­nity center for Maxwell. The hbraiy, assembly areas, and playing fields can be reserved by other organizations that wish to utilize those facilities.

In order to effectively carry out their missions, the National Hispanic Institute must conduct business in an environ­ment that provides for professional and social interaction among the staff and the community, and provide a facility that promotes invitation to the general public.

PROFESSIONAL AND SOCIAL INTERACTION:

The interaction between members of the staff are important to the smooth operation of an office. They must be able to commimicate professionally and interact socially. These issues must also be related to those outside the office as well. This facility should be designed in such a way as to promote this interaction between all users.

° The facility shaU enhance communication among staff members through spatial configuration and organization.

° The complex shall provide space that encourages social interaction for users and visitors - inside and outside the buildings.

meeting places a circulation patf

^

t • i

1

long IS

1

i

i

' \ ' '—r—

V£RiND.4

a 3 o c c

shaded outdoor Spaces

lounges SFKI workout roonw

^

r ^

" 1

inter-locking spaces k>w walls alk>w visual contact

OFF

I'rpif

•y

COKF

_ ^ — Q

T

common areas

•i'Ol.u^'~''«#k

F A C I L l T T DESCRIPTION

CIRCULATION AND ENTRY:

It is important that this facility welcome visitors from the community and provide those visitors with ease in negotiating the complex. The building must commimicate a clear entry and circulation system for any number of users and visitors.

° The building shall promote a sense of comfort and welcome upon entry.

human-scaled entries NO FENCES

o

I—"— \ .

easy access

° The building shaU have easily identifiable markers represent­ing entry and circulation paths.

usual icons at public entrances

c ^ L

cm e^-' o

path patterns carried throughout buikting

water elements direct circulation traffic

WT-L-lor ji(»<>l;UL

J

° Approach and entry shall easily accommodate those persons with any physical disabilities

ramps to code

IE SLOPt

>-s.

S FT.: M M

: > i! r-n

wkle corridors

automatic doors

IJ-

y

m-^-^

rn.^MwiwiwKiw- ' i -ijwr i-'9«?siainmnn'^*^*"»>tiKiaii:'j. .'.>ifSQi

office buiMing entrance (2-2)

PHILIP MORRIS OPERATIONS CENTER

RICHMOND, VIRGINL\

to allow all inhabitants to enjoy day-lighting and views to the surrounding landscape .2

The design of the complex has a remarkable sense of human scale, of entry, and of social interaction. It is very evident that the spaces were arranged with the users being a high priority.3 A concept diagram of the plans below illustrate the designers' desire to integrate spaces to each other. Transition areas between the main of­fice spaces provide an opportunity for users to interact. Issues in organization and spatial arrangements reflected in this case study can be incorporated into the National Hispanic Institute's facility, as well as many project of various sizes.

This large complex, designed by Davis, Brody and Associates, has all of the order, the logical planning, the detailing, and expressive materials of which many clients dream. The forms of the buildings were transformed repre­senting different functions - administra­tive, research, and production. The plan is logical and represents an effort cor>c«pt diagram (2-3)

W*at«l ' -WK»;«wpwn - •

ACTIVITY ANALYSIS :

ENTERING AND EXITING: ADMINISTRATIVE DUTIES:

This activity is of approach, loading, and unloading. This activity represents the initial perceptions of the building and, subsequently, the National His­panic Institute. The faciUty must impress the visitor by portraying sus­tainability and water conservation ele­ments upon approach. Walking to and from parked vehicles must be easy and clear by making sure to allow access for those with physical disabilities.

monumental approach

1 : 12 SLOPE

water elements direct circulation traffic

CUTSIGC: I t J i t U t

code: ramps

The activities are those of a typical business or organization - management and clerical. Although there is a relatively low account of visitor traffic, the atmosphere of the office is that of a highly active and energetic staff. These spaces should efficiently and effectively perform the daily functions associated with the offices through careful organi­zation and configuration.

Also important is the opportunity to re-arrange the spaces as different activi­ties demand. Communication between staff members, as well as others that are out of the office, is very important for the smooth operation of the Institute. Custom network capabilities must also be consideration when organizing spaces.

network capabilities re-anrangement of spaces

• D

OR

various access to different spaces

MtnwiUK.'HnvwHitwmAiJiiiifl AUfT lllllll II • • 22 J ^

iAx^luL^

ENTERTAINING: DINING:

These activities include visiting with guests, dining, and dancing. The spaces must accommodate a large variety of socializing scenarios. A large, open room without coliunns or obstructions would be the most likely space. Along with the room layouts, the lighting requirements must also be adjustable.

This activity must also take place in close proximity to service spaces such as kitchens, restrooms, storage areas, and loading bays.

This activity would range from eating alone, with a few officemates, or a large formal diimer. Yet, most of the instances would be informal lunches by the staff members.

This activity could be easily be accommodated by a small table in the kitchen area, but opportunities to eat outdoors must also be available. Larger scenarios must be accommodated by a large, open room in order to vary room layouts.

different room configurations

! i ( l ( f ( °" OR

.— ^ ,-^ ri n ••

piFilNC-

1 1

1 C','

^.'IR ' i <-

vKir KiTZnLT

L

proximity of served to service spaces

• interlocking spaces

multi-use spaces

i! ' DUT&OOF( P-MO

• O C D

outdoor cafes

smaller intimate spaces

BtmmnHiiwww'd V.Vf V 9 ^ t « « » : I M '

?s'*"'^3a

N

RESEARCH AND LEARNING: SUPPORT ACTIVITIES:

A quiet space must be allowed for research, reading, and writing by staff members. Different levels of privacy must be provided for different projects that may take place at the same time, ranging from personal research to large group sessions.

This activity will also include members of the conununity during cer­tain hours of the day. A space near the perimeter of the complex would be ideal.

Good, diffused, natural Ughting would be the most desired situation to enhance this activity. It is important that it be controlled so as to protect all documents and materials.

perimeter k)catk>n and northern exposure

te*^ 1-

deep openings limit direct sun rays

clerestories altow light from above

There are many activities required to support a large administrative com­plex. Maintenance, cleaning, and the collection and removal of office wastes are only a few of these services. Also, because of the high network capabilities of this facility, special considerations to support these duties must be given.

Janitorial closets, wash rooms, and technical support rooms must be in­cluded in the efficient organization of spaces.

'•--^*mv\»^mL mmm 24

SPATIAL ANALYSIS :

ENTRY AND RECEPTION:

300 sq. ft.

The entry and reception area is one of the most important of all public spaces, as this will provide visitors with the initial impressions of the National Hispanic Institute. The entry and reception area will act as one space where all visitors will be greeted and directed to their final destinations. It is important that this environment should be warm and inviting.

the space itself will be open and spacious, without being overpowering, and arranged for easy traffic flow. The space will be double height. Substantial natural tight and vegetation in this space will provide a gradual transition from outdoors to indoors. Use of materials and furnishings will be comfortable, using nothing that would not be found in most residential houses. This will aid in promoting a comfortable atmo­sphere for visitors. The use of extrava­gant materials and furnishings should be avoided.

Special care must be taken to minimize energy loss through the en­

trance doors. A double set of self-closing doors would aid in alleviating this problem.

Floors should be hardwood or tiled in order to accommodate the relatively high pedestrian traffic, as this would ease clean-up procedures as well. Flat stone flooring may also be acceptable for the entry. Most importantly, the surface must be skid-proof and slip-proof for safety reasons

double height entry space

\ ; /

O

A

focal point

double entry doors

/

ON

EXECUTIVE OFFICES:

2 @ 300 sq. ft.

The executive offices will provide the president and vice-president of the organization with a comfortable atmo­sphere to handle daily tasks. These offices shall be easily accessed by members of the staff and guests, yet complete privacy must be easily at­tained. Smaller staff offices (next page) should be in close proximity to these areas. This will make coimnunication between different administrative zones more efficient.

Each space should be large enough to accommodate a large executive desk and proper peripherals (i.e. bookcases, file cabinets, etc.). A small meeting area, consisting of a small table, chairs, and a couch must be able to comfort­ably fit in these offices. This would encourage small, impromptu meetings throughout the day.

The two offices must also portray a warm, familial atmosphere. Earth-toned, warm colors can easily be used to accomptish this feeling. Comfortable furniture would be ideal.

Good, natural tight must fill these two rooms during the daytime hours, while a number of individual task lighting fixtures illuminate the office during the evening. Table or floor lamps will also be acceptable.

„

ck>se proximity to , . , ,_ staff , ; / • ' ,

-

; i [

—

: /

vi 't.

•\\ ) l

\.'\:.. ° OR

. - - . , - • - X i

: d !; 1

muioMunciionai arrangement

network communica­tions

n; :n' ' • — '

< ^

•.•jmm'Mr^Af.'m»im-i!. 'fjMitsm'£i.*M'!'.v:'.vj'a).€*jm».mmimfMim^ T^ittttHtirfimmnetfmvatnm m

STAFF OFFICES: 10 @ 150 sq. ft.

The staff offices are to be the nerve center of the entire organization and should allow for very high traffic in and between the offices. The number of offices should be grouped in proximity to each other. This would allow easy communication between the staff mem­bers. These offices should also be in close proximity to service areas, such as the copy center, restrooms, storage areas, and the kitchen.

The illumination of the spaces can be accompUshed any number of ways. Natural light entering perimeter win­dows would be ideal. But, a number of task lighting and overhead fixtures will compensate for unusually low levels of natural tight. Due to the demand of natural light in the staff office areas, they should be located on the perimeter of the building along the southern facade. If this is not possible, clere­story windows should be considered as an alternative to maximize natural light.

Due to the high amount of traffic, staff members, office equipment, and

materials, the ventilation system must be able to exchange fifteen cubic feet of air every minute. This protects the staff from being exposed to any prolonged, airborne pollutants. Interior courtyards and vegetation can also rid the micro­climate of such pollutants.

Also, because of the high traffic in this area, every effort must be made to minimize noise *bleeds' into other spaces. Self-closing doors, carpet, and acoustic ceiling tiles should be used. Partition walls should also be built as part of the ceiling structure. This situation would reduce the amount of noise that travels above the ceiling into neighboring spaces.

ctose proximity 1 other offices

r

\ V j

o

r • • i l

1. OJO

-r:^'i i ii

continuous ceiling structure

clerestories alkwv various light levels

" : : . : / : • • '

rr = > ' ' • 1

•i .'.^/1! r/. Ii > |! -..' :''l

.27

•J. ' « '

CLASSROOMS: 2 @ 550 sq. ft.

The classroom should be able to serve multiple functions - from formal board meetings to children's workshops. These spaces should be multi-media ready in order to support various pre­sentation styles and formats. This should be in addition to classical class­room eqiupment, such as chalk or dry-erase boards, podiums, and projec­tion screens.

Although the classrooms are to be openly used by the public, there should be some degree of entrance control. The main entrance into the classroom area must be accessed by first going through the reception area. This would allow the staff to control entry into the building and direct visitors to the proper location.

A large open space without viewing obstructions, such as columns, would be required. The floor covering should be low-shag carpeting or vinyl tiles. This situation can easily accommodate high traffic voliunes and tighten cleaning and maintenance duties.

Light in these spaces should be bright and from above. Quiet fluores­cent fixtures attached to the ceiling would be the best option. Any natural light should be strictly controlled due to some presentation styles requiring total darkness.

There may be many times when the classroom may not be in use. There­fore, heating/ air conditioning/ and ventilation systems must be zones sepa­rately from the rest of the facitity. This would allow the classroom zone to be shut down when not being used, thus saving energy.

continuous wall structures

LOUC (Hi 0

OR

.— <L_

.-•^ /—s

—' "~ 1)

focal and directional control

iOi

various arrangements

lOWSillK S ™ * •WWl"

LIBRARY:

1100 sq.ft.

The Institute wishes to house a twenty-five hundred volume collection in a quiet space, primarily used by the staff for any type of research. Access to other forms of information, such as internet services, are also available.

Although this will not be considered a general, pubtic tibrary, the space will be made available to members of the community. The library should be placed on the perimeter of the building with access through the reception area. This will prevent the Institute from being forced to hire additional staff to manage the library.

Different levels of privacy are required for titis space. This would allow a number of projects and activi­ties to take place without disruption to others. Ten, private reader carrels can accommodate those who require privacy and security of materials. These carrels can be locked and sound-proofed.

Good, diffused, natural lighting would be the most ideal situation for this space. This tight must be strictiy

controlled in order to protect all docu­ments and materials. Windows on the north facade can provide steady tight throughout the day and prevent direct light from entering the space. Clere­story windows can provide tight from above and individual task lighting makes a number of lighting scenarios available.

Carpet and absorbent wall materials provide protection from tive sound waves. These materials deaden the noise in the space, leaving a the room quiet.

smaller, intimate spaces for privacy

^\-^-% f

T

perimeter k>cation and norttiem exposure

controlled natural sunlight

i _

• •us*rfUMmaa 29

ENDNOTES;

1. About the National Hispanic Institute Online, tiitemet. 28 October 1997. Available FTP: xnetworks.com/nhinet/facts.html.

2. Wagner, Walter F. "Efficiency, Enriched, and Enlivened." Architectural Record March, 1983. pg. 114-121.

3. Wagner.

I>I^H:'.;4M M^UWIIR itMfCuttiMArwfmiWHmwi 30

'4ytJ'

IPTIO'N

OTHER REFERENCES:

De Chiara, et al. Time - Saver Standards for Interior Design and Space Planning. New York: M^Graw - Hill, hic. 1991.

Keniry, Julian. Ecodemia: Campus environmental Stewardship at the Turn of the 21st Century. Washington, DC: National Wildlife Federation. 1995.

Ramsey, Charles George. Architectural Ciraphic Standards. New York: John Wiley & Sons, hic. 1994.

Ross, Sharon. "High-tech Comfort." Architectural Record March, 1993. pg. 114-121.

Wright, Gordon. "Federal Building showcases Advanced Technology." Bwldipg Design and Construction. September, 1998. pg. 72-77.

••-, (: T .i>ii>" •1-^'f -HPW«WfW»WWn"W*"W'' '

:oM

IMAGES;

2-1. National Hispanic Institute site. Valenzuela photo.

2-2. Philip Morris Operations Center. Wagner.

2-3. Concept diagram. Valenzuela diagram.

L=r-

•M

7> '7t •'

w#iii^(m)H)n(«fciiSi<j^f„,(

MimriMifa

C O N T E X T eESCRIPTIO'N

southeast view of church (3-1)

OVERVIEW:

The National Hispanic Institute houses its existing headquarters in Max­well, Texas. Maxwell is a small Hill Country community of less than three hundred people located just southeast of Austin.

This small, central Texas com­munity is of German descent. A small church, with its adjacent cemetery, provides some limited information about the town and its community. Yet, the style of architecture and the names on the headstones provide clues that many people with German sir-names

settled in the area during the early 1800s.

As one drives in and around Maxwell, medium-sized, modest homes line the street of the community. Much of the economic industry of Maxwell is related to agriculture. Much of the landscape and climate is ideal and dedicated to growing various crops, while other situations call for cattle ranching.

The average temperature for this immediate region during the summer months does not exceed 85° Fahrenheit. The average temperature during the coldest month is 49° Fahrenhiet.i With moderate temperatures such as these, extreme measures of weather-proofing will not be necessary.

The majority of rainfall experienced in the area will usually occur between May and October. The rainfall average is just over 30 inches aimually.2 This will prove to be an important fact due to the emphasis on water collection and conservation in this project. This amount precipitation could easily yield up to a quarter of a million gallons of water per year. Due to the region's moderate temperatures, snowfall and

«aMtu-pr*>'H^4Jwa

build-up will not be a consideration for this project. Climate information is nonexistent for Maxwell itself, therefore all information is taken from Austin.

^i^-^^^^^^^''^^<^^'^^:^^m ^ large . ^ ^ ^ - % ¥ ' « ^ Victorian-

styled house, ' ^ I ^ ^ ^ ^ B H I serving as the

administration ^ K J I ^ ^ H H offices, sits

"^- on the thirty-six acre plat of land. This

existing office buikling (3-2) u O U S C W i l l

continue to be used in a capacity other than office space. It has been suggested by NHI that it be used as an alumni center, museum, or as a library. Due to the organization's heavy involvement in education, the area in and aroimd Maxwell remains the institute's prime location because of its proximity to Austin.

The National Hispaitic Institute holds a number of youth legislative sessions in several other states. In Texas, Southwestern University in Georgetown is home to these sessions. Again, due to its proximity to George­

town, Austin's airport, and San Anto­nio's airport. Maxwell remains the prime location for the purposes of the staffs frequent travel schedule.

:: .Sf*.. \'.w^y

," ,.5>* r~v.

''<hif • * ••-,'8 ¥ 1 " i

site map of maxwell, tx (3-3)

•imwiiiuHtn.i.i.utsii

is

water elements on site (3-4)

SITE ANALYSIS:

The proposed project will be located on the existing site owned by the National Hispanic Institute. It is a thirty-six acre plat of land just west of Maxwell, Texas. Although tius region of Texas is considered part of the "hill country," the much of the terrain sur­rounding the location is relatively flat and is dedicated to agriculture and ranching.

Much of the site is gently sloping, with the higher elevation to the north. Entering the property from the road to the south, one passes through a large.

cleared portion of land on approach to a dense grove of trees. It is this grove trees in which the current, Victorian-style headquarters is located. On the western portion of the site, two small ponds have developed over time. This will prove to be helpfiil in the design and incorporation of constructed wet­lands. It indicates that there is a relatively constant water source in the area and that ground conditions are suitable for holding water.

Bordering the eastern edge of the locale is the Nagel Manufacturing Cen­ter. This factory is a small center that assembles wire clothes hangers. It is betieved that this will not affect the design of the project a great deal.

pnmary entrance

FM19e6

site analysis diagram (3-5)

ION.

RELATIONSHIP TO PHYSICAL SITE :

The relationship of the building to the physical site is an important one. The building must appear as though the land has "given birth" to the structure. The characteristics and design elements of the building must be taken from the characteristics of the landscape.

The profile and shape of the structures shaU be reflective of the slope of the landscape and the presence or absence of vegetation.

Protection and preservation of the landscape from unnecssary destruction shall lessen the impact to the environment and its present state.

low-slope = low profile

vs

high profile near vegetation

low-slope = high profile

Wt—ri " — "r- . **^i jMi*Tii«M««

CLIMATE RESPONSE:

The climate of a region is very important to the conservation of energy and its impact on the environment. If a building responds well to the climate, energy usage can be reduced. If not, enormous amounts of energy can be consumed by the facility, thus raising operating costs. The design elements of this facitity must positively respond to its climate.

° Spatial configurations and activities shall be determined by solar orientations.

° Northern exposures and activities shall be protected by harsh winter winds.

wind t>reak walls

H wind break vegetation

wind break buiMing

./" ^ ...' .^

: ^

clerestory windows for deeper rooms

:i

4CT)V '1TV a?EA

= 3 t = : c=r n = ) r:

3 c o o o b o 3

activity areas on south fecade

highly reflective surfaces

HKniAtMMiMMilMMI

NWRC west fecade (3-6)

NATIONAL WILDFLOWER RESEARCH CENTER:

AUSTIN, TEXAS

This is an exemplary project in rainwater collection, xeriscaping, and, especially, a design that positively re­sponds to the environment.

The project was developed in 1982 as a botanical garden displaying the various species of plant life indigenous to South-Central Texas. Also incorpo­rated into the design was an elaborate rainwater harvesting system in which over 80% of the water is collected and stored for various uses on the grounds.

The design and materials that were selected are also very important to the image and function of the complex. The wall structures are clad with native stone found in the Hill Country. This aids in placing the building and its image into the environment. Those parts of the complex that are glass clad are deeply set under overhangs. This prevents the heat of the sun from penetrating into the large display spaces. Metal roofs carry any rainwater to large storage cisterns. Metal was chosen due to its durability and its cleanliness.

This case study will prove to be very useful in many areas of this project such as water collection and conserva­tion, and materials selection.

cistern rendering (3-7)

C O N T E X T DESCRIPTION-^mt

CLA at cal-poly (3-8)

ADMINISTRATION BUILDING:

POMONA, CALIFORNIA

This project becomes the icon building for California - Polytechiuc Uiuversity. The building "became a symbol of its transformation from and 'ag school' into a true polytechnic - it stands for new age."^

Designer Antoine Predock reflected the natural, rugged site into the build­ing's courtyards, gardens, and paseos. He states "what ties the building to­gether 'is a concern for the landscape."^

Although this case study is a much larger complex than will be designed

for the National Hispaiuc Institute, many of the same ideologies and con­cepts can be utilized in Maxwell. It is an exemplary project in its concern for the landscape. The triangular plan points toward nearby, mountain land­marks. Upper-level pathways are repre­senting mountain trails directing the pedestrian toward views of the land­scape. These design elements anchor the building to the spirit of the Pomona Valley - mirroring the surrounding landscape of basins, foothills, and mountains.7

Elements are reflected in the image of the building while providing the uiuversity with a complex that suits its functional needs.

( \ .

- • * . . • •

a s

umu.

transverse section (3-9)

ENDNOTES:

1. "Normal Daily Mean Temperature, Deg F." National Climatic Data Center Ontine. Internet. 28 October 1997.

2. "Normal Montiily Precipitation (Inches)." National Ctimatic Data Center Online, hitemet. 28 October 1997.

3. National Wildflower Research Center. "Water Harvesting." Austin, Texas. 1997.

4. National Wildflower Research Center.

5. Betsky, Aaron. "Magic Marker." Architectural Record February, 1993. pg. 63-69

6. Betsky.

7. Collins, Brad, and Robbins, Juliette. Antione Predock: Architect New York, New York: Rizzoti International Pubtications, Inc., 1994.

^Bgp^e-ssr- 'JWHi*

IPTION

IMAGES:

3-1. Ebenezer Lutheran Chinch. Valenzuela photo.

3-2. National Hispanic Institute site. Valenzuela photo.

3-3. Map of Maxwell, Texas. Texas Department of Transportation.

3-4. National Hispaiuc Institute site. Valenzuela photo.

3-5. Site Analysis Diagram. Valenzuela diagram.

3-6. National Hispanic Institute site. Valenzuela photo.

3-7. Cistern Rendering. National Wildflower Research Center.

3-8. CLA at California Polytechnic State University. Collins and Robbins.

3-9. CLA at Catifomia Polytechnic State University. Collins and Robbins.

^OD

i ^ . - " ^ *' *Bf* ""^

t^'Vf-sgs* ? ? . .';' - •??£ "•-• " S V •- .• ~&..- '^-v E- ?5i^ .';' - >|w "•,• •-* V ' .

SPACE SUMMARY:

Below is a table illustrating the breakdown of square footage for each area of the administration facitity.

SPACES

ENTRY

RECEPTION

EXECimVE OFFICES

STAFF OFFICES

CONFERENCE ROOMS

CLASSROOMS

LIBRARY

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION CENTER

KrrCHEN

FILE ROOMS

PRir^NG ROOM

EMPLOYEE LOUNGE

STORAGE ROOMS

RESTROOMS w/ LOCKER ROOM

NET SQ. FOOTAGE

150sq.1t.

150 sq.ft.

2 e 250 sq. ft.

8 e ISO 54ft.

1 @ 1000 sq.«.

3 0 550 sq.ft.

1100 sq.ft.

300 sq. ft.

125 sq.ft.

2 0 50 sq. ft.

200sqft.

200 sq. ft

3 0 50 sq. ft.

2 6 1 5 0 sq.ft.

TOTAL NET SQ. FOOTAGE

150 S4«.

150sqft

500 sq.ft.

1200 sq. ft

1000 sq.ft.

1650 sa ft.

1100 sq.ft.

300s<ift

125sq.ft

100$q.ft.

200 sq.ft.

200 sq.ft.

150sq.ft

300sq.ft

SUBTOTAL 7125 sq.ft.

20% CIRCULATION 1425 sq. ft

TOTAL 85S0»<»n

^ V W i * a :

M

,t.

mi

• w *

-ft

V«U»:-J^

final presentation

Developing a synergistic relation­ship between the natural environment and the built environment is not always easy, but that relationship must continue to be a high priority in architectural design. The architectural industry has begun to take more and more responsi­bility in reducing the amount of natural resources used for the sake of human shelter. There have been vast improve­ments in building materials that require less raw materials to manufacture, de­velopments in high-energy window treatments that reduce energy loss, and progressions in energy collection and

usage. It will take a knowledgeable and conscientious designer to use all of the available applications to reduce the environmental impact a structure puts on the immediate site as well as in a larger, global scale. The architect must be able to manage numerous issues -from 2500 year-old solar design strate­gies in ancient Greece to up-to-the-minute technological marvels in water conservation. The benefits of incorpo­rating these issues into every design - to one degree or another - can greatly reduce the negative impact that a build­ing puts on the natural resources of the earth. These values in sustainable architecture are also implemented to benefit the client. The use of munici­pally owned utilities are kept to a minimum - thus keeping operation costs to a minimum and returning the savings back to the client.

^ T I Q N

CONCEPTUAL BASIS :

There had always been the realization and the understanding that the different functions and zones of the building must be separate. There are three different zones in the complex: the office area, the library and classroom area, and the service area. The different zones allow the complex to react sepa­rately and independently of each other. Different zones will require separate energy consumption and ventilation sys­tems. Individual zones can be turned off when not in use, while a smaller portion of the complex may remain active - adding to the degree of security to the building as well.

This separation of functions also introduces a variety of natural ventila­tion possibilities. Primarily, an area of potentially hazardous exhausts does not have the opportunity to infect adjacent, more populated areas of the complex. Secondly, the space in between the zones act as corridors that catch and direct cooling breezes through the buildings.

There are three separate zones that the building is divided. This illustrates different size elements ori­ented orthogonally and in alignment with a breeze corridor, the center of the complex is emphasized with a 'tower* element, wind catch.

The next evolution if this spatial organization model incorporates the angles re­lating to the solar phe-nomenons. The southern office zone is curved -relating to solar paths. The central 'tower' icon remains unchanged. Wind corridors also remain un­changed.

The last evolution of the spatial organizations in­cludes the development of solar shading devices. The southern office zone reverts to an orthogonal space, but with a curvilin­ear solar shade. An op­posite development oc­curred on the west-facing zone.

tNMBWW«IM»tsnt«(!i««w«M»«fc«siS^^ a,»at<i?y>»y^3g«»«»'>y'«iwgwaiM»'<»i;»aiKijni w muMM

iSHt^B^

SCHEME ONE :

This scheme introduces the concepts concerning solar paths and shading patterns. While trying to visualize images when words like 'water' and 'sun' were expressed, the circle and arc immediately came to mind. The sun dial parti was introduced and provided a strong point from which to develop the project - a development of study models and sketches quickly emerged. Many of the details and design decisions were easily reached when a determining parti was previously established.

Material selections are important to the vernacular image of the complex. Also, technological and water conserva­tion imagery is present in the roof shapes and materials.

This sun dial parti model reflects the spatial organi­zation and solar consider­ations for the project The center of the parti became a much stronger element with a radial plan and heavy 'clock hand' details. The breezeways direction in now oriented east - west.

: ; ' 1 . - '. -i 1 I f • !

• • ; J ' ! ! ; ; 1 P

' .

I..J "1 .;

.1

.i

eievatton thru courtyard

The elevation and section of this scheme reflects much of the concepts brought forth in the program. The materials were chosen for much of their thermal conductivity properties as well as their vernacular relationship, the roof shapes and materials were designed to take maximum advan­tage of their water collection capabilities.

parti model

section thru offices

The office zone was designed to take advantage of the solar properties. Large windows provide natural daylight into the ^jaces on the perimeter of the complex, while a large band of clerestory windows allow light to penetrate further into the center of the arrangement - namely the confer­ence room.

(rj'»j'»<;!W»«<Mati«a»'swgs«s»t;.-»:i';i««wwia»q^^

iaf-

ATION

* ' » ^ - . " * S s ,

scheme one floor plan

The plan changed dramatically from the initial organizational models. Yet, identical ideas are still apparent in the arrangements The use of a strong parti aided in making design decisions and provided a strong point from which to start. The three different previously described zones are separated into individual buildings surrounding an exterior courtyard.

The northwest quadrant of the complex is designated as the service zone. This includes the kitchwi and the printing shop. A large restroom facility is also included in this zone. It is located here to deflect the northwestern winter winds. It is located away from high occupation zones to reduce the possibility of toxic fiimes from invading into those spaces.

The northeast comer is the library and classroom zone. This provides ample morning light for the spaces. It is also to provide a space where members of the community can use without interrupting the daily operations of the institute.

The courtyard provides a strong indentifiable point and location marker. The water element in the center marks the center point on which a person may stand and experience the solar phenomenons first hand. For example, as a person stands at this

-rf2=V

lif'IIIIIIHit- i • ' ^

courtyard detail

point, that person may look down the wall shared between the library and class­room and watch the sun rise above the horizon through the window. At this same point, a person may experience the sunrises and sunsets of the summer and winter solstices, as well as the equinox, these are marked by several different elements in the plan.

Finally, the office zone is located on the southern side of the complex. This is important for a number of reasons. The individual office can take full advantage of the sun's path throughout the day, providing the maximum amount of natiu-al light for the users. The various breezeways continue to be an important aspect to the design. The hallways are placed in the direction of the cardinal point to take full advantage of the different breezes. The offices are situated in a linear, orderly fashion for functional reasons. An office environment is the most efficient when the offices are easily identifi­able and orderly.

h

office plan delari

•s >^^-^»f<tiS^a«:««^»?»^n£BiK^iS»tMMBI

FINAL SCHEME:

In this final scheme, major developments occurred in the office zone. The radial and solar gnomons were also strengthened throughout the plan. The centrality of the plan, as well as the solar phenomenons, continued to be strong points of the design.

In this scheme, the 'technological' design considerations were developed and became much more apparent. Wa­ter collection systems, energy genera­tion, natural lighting, and ventilation issues are now major focal points of the design. Waste systems were consider­ations throughout the final scheme, but were not as detailed as previously hoped.

Much of the vernacular imagery of the project was re-introduced. The final materials selection was almost identical to the materials that were initially considered.

roof model

This roof model reflects a revised spatial layout for the office zone. Different roof forms and openings provide an interesting el­ement not present in pre­vious schemes. It also allows for more offices to receive more natural light for longer periods throughout the da\

Again, the court­yard re­mains the focal point of the en­tire com­plex. It serves as a s t a t i o n courtyard detail

point to which visitors may refer. All of the entrances into the different zones are entered from the courtyard.

The service zone remains in the same area as in the original organizational studies. Although, the orientation of the resfroom space is angled to the northwest in order to slow down any prevailing breezes that originate from this direc­tion - namely, the cool winter winds This funnel

effect actually reduces wind speed as it is brought into the courtyard. The en­trances into the spaces are also refined. The restroom and mechanical room open­ings are not as prevalent and do not demand atten­tion as in previous designs.

service zone

, - • J- t i •

:' • ' - • - - - i )

! .:'T . . ••

. A - — — " • ".j^T' '•"- \ •"' -1 ••

•-,. ••.'..V \ j : - .

' • .'• ' ; • : \

• >

DOCUMENTATION ksxeMiaMii

The shape and the location of the library and classroom zone also has little changes. The only minor change was the shape and orientation of the south classroom. It now is rectangular in plan, making it much more functional.

Jli #

r jKrcr \xx3,

a !—

XrXH- ^rr^

•J 7 r--::-.

—'..! - y .^'\yC^

^ V V

library and classroom zone

The most significant changes occur in the office zone. Using the parti models and the recently developed roof model, the floor plan design became much more interesting and func­tional. The functional developments occurred on several levels. First, the 'fanning out' of the spaces provided the opportunity for more spaces to receive more natural light throughout the day. The skylights and operable windows allow for the natural breezes and sun light to infiltrate the offices that are located deeper into the zone. Therefore, it reacts specifically to the changes that occur as the day proceeds.

%^^ •''f»^b \

O

office plan detail

The roof forms and materials se­lected offer the best advantages to the collection of rainwater. The metal roofs p rov ide the cleanest alterna­tive to built-up roofs. The forms of the roofs fun­nel the rainwater into the collection

I—\\

V ^ • . J L ] U 1 .

• _^^^,,.,..,.,5^^;;p^ f i l l ^ - ^ - 1 : : ^ ^ ' r VT ^ -

.'c...

to drainage points and '°O*P'«"

cistern on the south side of the com­plex. This filters the water for

Ti^^^' ' s a n i t a r y i * fcjS use within

the build­ing.

south elevation view of collection cistern

»M«!IBIWSB£i|MeKi(BKMtS)SBWI3ll«^ «ii.ii«w.'jMii»» iiiRS8BSi»ss8g«itwai»gi««saaaa»g-aiiM

53ee!^3SJ!?f«3«Si5^3S'5«?^??«Stii5?5S-jj^^ -^^-: :^-^-?^:-^. . i . -^r .-^-- .-^•^53>,,^- ,r?• . is*»i?»,

- ^

ISSUES :

NATURAL VENTILATION: SOLAR MANAGEMENT:

The layout and design of this plan and section provides corridors and openings in the envelope that will allow for breezes to enter the building. This is to provide relief from the summer heat and to provide air exchange.

A secondary element that compli­ment the ventilation of the complex is the use of water. Shallow pools of water, strategically located, cool the air as the summer breezes pass over the water. The location of the wetiands accomplish the same result. As the air passes over the foliage and water, the an feels substantially cooler.

openings allow for natural ventilation

DEVELOPED IMTO

section detail

Carefully designed corridors and openings in tiie envelope will allow for breezes to enter the building in order to provide relief from the summer heat

Although the ability to fully control the sun may be impossible, it must be conscientiously managed. The design elements for this facility much be able to manage the sun in order for the the building to perform at its peak effi­ciency. This can be accomplished through screening the direct light and activity and spatial organization.

The sun acts as an additional material, and can be used in many ways to add life and interest to any project. Deter-miiung where and how the sun con­trolled adds a deeper level of interest for this material.

perimeler landscaping

fii.^

V DEVELOPED INTO

'A solar shadirig, water heatirtg towers

° Design elements of the facility will respond by screening direct sunlight before it enters the building and affects the building's energy performance.

* . •^•^^ps- ' •«»^>~*>SAcSB»C»*iW^^' '^ -*«»4*^r^^,'K ^U^ lJ^ ; t *^^ ' ' ^ , ^_?r . -.^;*j:;,*#?^4-R^^j*»aKa5irWjU«tf^^

WATER COLLECTION: NATURAL LIGHTING:

It is necessary for a high amount of quality water to be available for this design - on-site sources are the best way this can be provided. This area of Texas receives up to 30 inches of rain a year. It is important that this facility collect this rain water for various uses and consumption. The design of roof surfaces and material selections are important aspects to this issue.

The initial design features were not provided as detailed in the program. It was decided, during the course of the semester, that the wetlands shall clean gray water for irrigation systems whereas cisterns collecting water from the roofs shall provide the potable water.

collection cisterns

. ' ' i , .+-

constructed wetlands

The organization and placement of spaces were reflections of the solar orientation and path. As the office spaces remain the most active zone of the complex, it is here that natural light is used to its full advantage. Openings to the south are carefully designed to allow as much natural light into the interior spaces while controlling the temperature and energy gains in the offices.

Large skylights and clerestory windows are used overhead while smaller, recessed openings are provided for on the perimeter of the building.

large skylights

iS??;?-?-. DEVELOPED INTO

tMiitding section

Design elements should allow natural light into the building; 70% of lighting should be natural during the daytime hours.

WiJMtf«»IBii«iOTiWviC';ff^g'g^(^:-**v<p^'M'--^-v.

CLIMATE RESPONSE:

The climate of the region is one of the most important issues in the conser­vation of energy. The interior of the building must remain within a comfort­able temperature range, regardless of the exterior weather.

The materials selection, spatial placement and organization, and sun control are only a few of the aspects that must respond to the climate.

clerestory windows for deeper rooms

-r-II

DEVELOPED INTO 1

clerestory windows at>ove offices

activity areas on the south focade

'oASAOr . r >-,AGt

~" /r.^:;i cr=ip c-T-i d

SHiPer^ WA.K3

o a a p o i v o

DEVELOPED INTO li^

offices spaces placed along south facade

° Spatial configurations and activities shall be determined by solar orientations.

PROFESSIONAL AND SOCIAL INTERACTION:

This complex is designed to be a functional office environment for the National Hispanic Institute. It is impor­tant that this provides an atmosphere that the Institute needs to be successful. All of the users of this facility must be able to communicate professionally and interact socially.

There are several design aspects of this complex that achieve these goals through common areas, outdoor eating patios, and functional circulation paths.

shaded outdoor spaces

! 1

\ < ;_ i; _^

k'LRANUA

a u o o G

DEVELOPED INTO *:r ••feif^)

'^- 1 } - . . ..

outdoor eating patios

° The complex shall provide space that encourages social interaction for users and visitors - inside and outside the building.

***'iWfi»iWCW»:8Bn«iWl»ffl«M*<^^ s^i>r-;?=?*4»-x*?»;^*rjN5.-jV»*K«3=»i-av* •

|(jt«ge!»«--iR@8W7';S>»«^«n£aBtS«!«S94«^

HIERARCHY :

There are a number of elements that reflect the hierarchy of the complex and the individual buildings themselves.

"•'••\ " _ J i - V ••' . - •:•' " • I * • r—- i i • *

1. . ' • • • : : - V . j ' ^ V ^

^^^ : ' 5 * ^ ^ ^ . : ^ . \ ^c„ V, .^->

o

° The size and location of the massings reflect a sense of hierarchy The most active and used zones of the complex are oriented with respect to the sun s paths. Those with less activity are located on the northern side.

T

iii'iu:).':!'.:, i::^

° The roof patterns and use of materials also reflect a sense of hierarchy. Since water collection was such a large issue for this design, the roofs with the largest areas were covered in a different materials than those roofs that did not collect as much rain water.

.- N^

° The location and prominence of entrances were located as to reflect their hierarchy and activity. Main entrances were clearly visible while others were hidden.

••* ^,> - v,^-^^^^^vi^*^i^^;'•^^M«W,^^rT•*rft^•"^^. * ^ * « ^ ^ . . • *^ i ^v . - . * i<5 i : * r?»9^-«Bc i«^ ' ^ '?5q^^

TTON

CONTROLLING FACTORS :

SUN - The most critical factor that controlled the design was the manage­ment of the sun. The sim can be one of the most damaging elements that can destroy a design - by making the inhabitants unbearably uncomfortable by making them too hot, or by a relatively minor inconvenience such as a reflection on a computer screen.

The sun is managed by controlling how much direct light can enter the building. The window openings are small and constricting on the south side, while the skylights above allow sub­stantial tight that bounces off surfaces as it reaches user level.

WATER - The collection and storage of water is another important factor which is considered. The large roof spaces are the most obvious locations where this collection can take place. All of the dramatically sloped roofs are covered with metal material, which allows the rain water to remain cleaner and easy to collect.

V

^A '^^

\ • •'-:":,

roof plan

•» y^^^^***^W^^^^^

office section • V ^ - ^ H W l ' ' * . * - — B ^

CLIMATE - The environment and cli­mate also remained a high priority in the design decisions for this complex. As with any location, a building must respond to its own surroundings and the climate is certainly important. Tem­perature, rainfall, solar orientations, and vegetation directed many of the deci­sions regarding envelope and roof mate­rials, spatial location and orientation, and additional water elements.

south elevation

IBeSIIMfSKWWWSBSJi ¥•-« II»u.iiw I — « • « » « g i g a » K a » > i f ; y < w i « i W 8 c y - - « ' y ^

TECHNOLOGY - Self-sustainability of this project depends greatiy on the technology that make it possible. The use of technology in water collection and treatment, energy generation, and solar management are integral parts to the success of this complex.

* .v-v^*l

i !SfeWSf; ' : : ; : :K^i;v^-- . . . •:•'•.•(• * •

Wind turbines provide a clean alternative for producing energy for the complex.

Water heating tower elements on the southwest quadrant of the provide the hot water for the facility.

Constructed wet­lands treat the grey water from the facility for use on and around the site.

r " .^^^K^ m

^•3

••" -•i - ' s \ / * ! L ' « * 5 ; « * «««* i (n»3# i»W^^ -..Tf- ,.-..• ,x

n;ir-.;.i jm.ai.,iVr,i,i,-,ii^i

liMiMiiiiiii

final presentation

^ms» api»>miii^''ii''ii.>j:'i ;''•'•«;

^^iii^kMSis!s£^!%S^itfit)^^ iiHiii

li'3^T

final models

^*'«:*MWfc»^i'-> ,*^ 's . v*-*-,*

11i|ii:|)¥#S€il .,:^ :m0i'^^ «m, IS

'^i^t^m^MMM^^^^^l^^^-^^^^^' For .thS'support,

lxX>(XXK*XXXl(KXKXXKXXKKXXXX.<X1tXXKai'>lXMXK''XX iThanks Mom and Dad