LAPCAT: Long Term Advanced Propulsion Concepts and Technologies

High-Speed Civil Air Transportation

31.01.2012CosmoCaixa

Barcelona, Spain

J. SteelantESA-ESTEC

Section of Aerothermodynamics and Propulsion

Noordwijk, Netherlands

CosmoCaixa, Barcelona31st January 20122

Objectives & Challenges

Mission Objective: Travelling From Barcelona to Sydney

in about 4 hours

Major Challenges:– Long range: up to the other side of the world – High-Speed: up 10x higher or 8 x speed of sound– Completely New Vehicle Concepts

Multiple disciplines to be integrated:– High-Speed Engines– High-Speed Aerodynamics– High-Temperature Materials– Highly-Integrated Concepts

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Trans-European Cooperation

3

LAPCAT II: 16 partners

3 industrial partners + 3 SME5 research institutions5 universities

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• Propulsion Cycles• Combined Cycles for High-Speed Vehicles

• Turbo-Ramjet• Turbo-Dual Mode Ramjet• ATR-engines: Gas Generator and Expander Cycles

High-Speed Propulsion

HX3

He CR Turbine

Two spool compressor

Fan & hub turbine

Preburner

Core engine combustor

Bypass combustor

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High-Speed Propulsion• Propulsion Components:

• Contra-rotating Fans, CR-Compressors and CR-Turbines• Heat exchangers: low and high temperatures• Low NOx-Combustor• High-Speed Combustion

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WT Scaling: 1/60

Propulsive Testing of Complete Vehicle on reduced scale: Validating Design, Integration & Nose-to-Tail tools

From 90m to 1.5m

Wind tunnel testing of:- Intake- Aerodynamics- Full flowpath

High-Speed Aero and Propulsion

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mc=2.9 g/s

Whipox

Technology Developments

• High-Temperature Light-Weight Materials• CMC and UHTC for sharp leading edges, intakes…• Integrated cooling with CMC Combustor chambers• Transpiration cooling for combustor liners• Hollow Sphere based

Sandwich Panels

C/C-SiC

sharp edge

250.0°C

1500.0°C

500

1000

1500

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Environment

Fuel Consumption/Passengers/DistanceRelative Fuel Consumption/PAX/Distance

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

A380 ATLLAS M3 HYCAT(ATLLASM6)

LAPCAT A2 LAPCAT MR2

JF JF H2 H2 H2

’60 design from Lockheed

Present DesignsUnder study

High Altitude Emissions: - No CO2 or Particle emissions- Contrails

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Environment

NOx production– Low for hydrogen powered vehicles: EINOx ~ 5-10 g/kg fuel – Low NOx combustor demonstrator

Other issues under study– Ozone balance at high altitudes– Ground pollution– Radiation

Sonic boom– At present, not higher than

Concorde despite the higher cruise speeds

– Further potential to lower it … yet under study

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Operations - Exploitation

Airports– Evolution towards central hubs located close to sea

No need for a subsonic leg overland

Hydrogen Production– Preferably by electrolysis of water powered by alternative

energy– Location close to sea-side beneficial due to:

• Large water resources• Use of larger wind potential

Future studies required for Hydrogen production

Exploitation on long-haul routes– Increased usage of high-speed aircraft vs. classical aircraft

- 4 to 6 times more pending on distances, time-schedules…- High-Altitude flights (24-30km): less in-air congestion

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THANKS

Any Questions….

LAPCAT: Long Term Advanced Propulsion Concepts and Technologies

High-Speed Civil Air Transportation

CosmoCaixa, Barcelona31st January 201212

This work was performed within the ‘Long-Term AdvancedPropulsion Concepts and Technologies II’ projectinvestigating high-speed transport. LAPCAT II, coordinatedby ESA-ESTEC, is supported by the EU within the 7thFramework Programme Theme7 Transport, Contract no.:ACP7-GA-2008-211485. Further info on LAPCAT II can befound on http://www..esa.int/techresources/lapcat_II.

Acknowledgements

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R= 18,728km; 4.6hR= 14,100km; 2.5h

R= 12,071km; 2.6h

High Speed Vehicles: Range

R= 10,913km; 2.0h

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Combined vs IntegratedRange Potential

A320

A340-600

A380-800

B737-700

B747-400intB767-400ER

B777-300

B787

C5An-124An-225

ConcordeTU-144D/RD36

SR-71XB-70

X-15

A380-800F

A400M/37t

Global Flyer

B727-200B707-320

MD11

DC-8-54AF

C990

Comet 4C-130H

T-4 101

A300-600B747-100A400M/20t

TU-144LL/NK321

Concorde B

LAPCAT A2 (H2) LAPCAT MR1 (H2)

ATLLAS M3T (JF1)

HYCAT M6 (H2)

LAPCAT MR2 (H2)

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00

Cru

ise

Ran

ge F

acto

r

Mach

LAPCATDesigns

Classical Designs

Potential

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High Speed Vehicles:

Cruisers up to Antipodal RangeFlight speeds from Mach 3 to 8

HydroCarbon Hydrogen

4.54.5

5.05.0

3.53.5

8.08.0

8.08.0

8.08.0

6.06.0

CosmoCaixa, Barcelona31st January 2012

A dream as background:

Initiation of the supersonic commercial transport era (70’)

Initiation of the high supersonic transport (80’)

Initiation of hypersonic transport

– 6

– 3

– 2

– 1

Mac

h

TimeInitiation of the commercial jet

era (50’)