LANL Medium Energy Nuclear PhysicsCold Nuclear Matter and Spin Physics Overview

December 14, 2009Mike Leitch

• Physics• Cold Nuclear Matter – gluon saturation & dE/dx• Quark dE/dx - FNAL E906• Spin – W’s, Transverse Forward Asymmetries• Jlab Transverse Physics

• Hardware efforts• Muon Tracker• Forward Vertex Det. (FVTX)

• Highlights, Key Roles• EIC & Future Plan

12/14/09 1

D0 or D+ mesonpT = 2 GeV

12/14/09 2

Cold Nuclear Matter (CNM) Physics

NSAC Milestone: DM8 – “Determine gluon densities at low x in cold nuclei via p + Au or d + Au collisions.“

• Leading twist gluon shadowing• Coherence models & higher-twist (HT) shadowing• Small-x gluon saturation: 2 1 diagrams become important and deplete the low-x region; amplified in a nucleus.

R GPb Q2 = 1.69 GeV2

EPS08EPS09

nDS

EKS98

HKN07

xNSAC Milestone: DM12 – “…constrain the mechanism for parton energy loss in the quark-gluon plasma.” And what about energy loss in cold nuclear matter?

R(A/p)

R=1 xFWith energy loss

E866/NuSea, 800 GeV, J/Ψ p+W / p+Be ratio

R(W

/Be)

xF

shadowing only

12/14/09 3

PHENIX Preliminary

J/ suppression in CNM for RHIC d+Au compared to lower energy experiments(Colorado, Leitch, Pereira)

New J/ suppression from 2008 d+Au data(Colorado, Leitch, Pereira)

Upsilon signal in 2008 d+Au data(K. Lee (Korea U.), Leitch, …)

Recent CNM results from d+Au collisions

, and suppression for forward-rapidity(Lei Guo, …)

2008 d+Au

12/14/09 4

dbar/ubar at large-x & Quark Energy Loss in NucleiFNAL E906 (120 GeV)

Energy loss upper limits based on E866 Drell-Yan

measurement & EKS shadowing

In E866 at 800 GeV, the nuclear dependence of Drell-Yan on nuclear targets could not unambiguously separate shadowing and dE/dx effects at low x• for 120 GeV, x > 0.1 & only quark dE/dx remainsLANL LDRD, Ming Liu, I. Vitev, 2008-2010• Detector & physics simulations• Theoretical calculation of quark energy loss in p+A collisions• Station-4 muon detectors: originally developed for other LANL program, shipped to FNAL summer 2009 & being tested• Helped to develop offline code based on E866 software expertise• E906 Collaboration & software meeting @Los Alamos, 1/7/09• Ming Liu, Pat McGaughey, Mike Leitch, Han Liu, and others

2009

2008

2011 Publications

Expt. Funded

2010

Magnet Design ExperimentAnd construction Construction

Prop

osed

Jan.

200

7 ExperimentRuns

J-PARC

2012

/dE dx

q, g

q

q

12/14/09 5

Spin Physics – Forward W’s

W± ±

light hadron backgrounds

Tr+FVTX track & isolation cuts

Backgrounds reduced by ~10-5 with only 50% loss in W signal (with FVTX+Muon Tracker)

Expected Significance of W measurement in Muon arms (assumes 70% polarization & 300 or 1300 pb-1)

Present Muon tracker resolution good enough so far for J/, but only ~300 m• Need (design) 100 m to separate W+ from W- at high momentum!• LANL group, led by Ming Liu, studying low-level cluster resolution, alignment, pileup/crosstalk, etc to reach the design resolution

NSAC Milestone: HP8 – “Measure flavor-identified q and qbar contributions to the spin of the proton via the longitudinal-spin asymmetry.”

12/14/09 6

PHENIX Muon Arms

Drell-Yan Transverse Spin – fundamental test of Sivers Effect

Sivers function – correlation between parton pT inside proton and the proton spin• opposite sign expected for Drell-Yan compared to DIS - attractive vs repulsive color charge force

“Transverse-Spin Drell-Yan Physics at RHIC” (http://spin.riken.bnl.gov/rsc/write-up/dy_final.pdf)Les Bland, Stanley J. Brodsky, Gerry Bunce, Ming Liu, Matthias Grosse-Perdekamp, Akio Ogawa, Werner Vogelsang, Feng Yuan

Expected uncertainties for p+p at s = 200 GeV with 250 pb-1 & P = 70% compared to theoretical calculation

PHENIX muon arms only forward rapidity charge separated di-leptons• use FVTX to reduce light & heavy-quark backgrounds & for isolation cuts on muons

J/

statesbeauty

charmDrell-Yan

NSAC Milestone: HP13 – “Test unique QCD predictions for relations between single-spin phenomena in p-p scattering and those observed in deep-inelastic lepton scattering”

12/14/09 7

Transverse Spin Asymmetries

Preliminary measurement for 2006 single muons• higher twist (tri-gluon) driven asymmetries• excludes maximum gluon Sivers from Anselmino PRD 70, 074205 (2004)• precision measurement with FVTX in the future

• First J/ AN measurement• Constrains gluon Sivers function

• F. Yuan PRD 78, 014024 (2008)• Future higher statistics result can test the J/ production mechanism

• H. Liu (chair), Aidala, M. Liu,… writing paper

J-Lab 6 GeV Physics

Other JLab-6 GeV completed experiments Xiaodong + Puckett (LDRD supported PD)

• Neutron SIDIS asymmetry ALT and TMD parton distribution g1T (x).

• 3He(e,e’) inclusive target SSA and constraints on GPD moments

Further develpments relevant for 12-GeV JLab

Current Issue - Sivers and Collins Asymmetries from SIDIS

• Recent COMPASS results for Sivers asymmetry are different from naïve expectation based on earlier HERMES measurements

• Why? -- Different kinematics, Experimental and/or Theoretical uncertainties?

• But Collins asymmetries are consistentE06-010 Transverse neutron Single Spin Asymm. (SSA)

• Independent measurement • Jiang & Puckett

e

e’

HRSL

BigBite

16o

30o

Polarized3He Target

12/14/09 8

LANL Contributed PHENIX Muon TrackersMuon Tracker Contributions - Designed, built, installed, commissioned muon

tracker systems.Current Responsibilities - DC Member, provide many on-call expert shifts per run,

coordinate and perform maintainence each shut down, working closely with Muon Trigger upgrade

Muon Tracker Analyses - Have provided much of the simulation and reconstruction software, as well as online QA software for the Muon Trackers. Lead roles in most muon physics analyses (sustained staff, post-doc effort required for maintenance of detectors)

12/14/09 9

Silicon Trackers Enhance RHIC Physics Program

FVTX (Forward VerteX detector) - significantly enhancing the Muon Physics program with precision tracking

Physics Measurements - precision open heavy flavor measurements, flavor-separation, significantly improved vector meson program, Drell-Yan, improved W background rejection

LDRD funds - signficantly advanced R&D & theoryLANL Role - Project Leaders, DAQ, sensor and readout chip, softwareCost $4.9M, Completion 2011 - for Run12

LANL Initiated + Leading FVTX Effort

prompt

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from D and BHalf Disk

Cage

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Some Performance Projections for FVTX

Improvement in J/Ψ, Ψ’ mass resolution (track msmt in front of absorber) and lower background (elimination of light meson decays)

Heavy quark single muon suppression accuracy for two different energy loss models

J/Ψ

Ψ’

12/14/09 12

Key Roles

• PHENIX Physics Working Group Convener – Leitch (present), Aidala (past), Brooks (past)

• PHENIX Paper Writing – many PPG’s & IRC’s• PHENIX Executive Council - Leitch• PHENIX Speakers Bureau – Leitch, Aidala

• PHENIX Deputy Director for Upgrades - Leitch• PHENIX Detector Council Member for Muon Tracker – Leitch (present), Brooks, McGaughey (past)• PHENIX Run Coordinator for 2007 & 2008 – Leitch• PHENIX Period Coordinators – Liu, Leitch• FVTX Project Leaders – Brooks, Kapustinsky• FVTX & VTX Lead Mechanical Engineer – Sondheim • Co-convener of RHIC-II pA/Forward Physics – Leitch• FNAL E866/NuSea Spokesman – Leitch, McGaughey (past), Garvey (past)• Organizers for 2010 Santa Fe DNP meeting – Brooks, Leitch, Vitev• APS Hadron Phys. Topical Group Exec. Council – Leitch (past)

12/14/09 13

Some Recent Highlights

• 2008 d+Au J/Ψ RCP for QM09 - Leitch + Colorado• , , RCP in d+Au at forward rapidity – Guo• Working on and C – K. Lee (Korea U.), Leitch• ALL and AN for forward heavy-quarks and for J/ - M. Liu, H. Liu• Forward rapidity η AN using forward calorimeter (MPC) – Aidala• E06-10/-011 (neutron AN) co-spokesman, leading analysis – Jiang, Puckett

• Hawaii DNP mtg d+Au talk; two d+Au J/Ψ talks at ECT & Seattle/INT; Lead PHENIX talk at QM09 - Leitch• Rutgers LRP mtg d+Au talk - Leitch• RHIC/AGS ‘07, ‘08 & PKU-RBRC ‘08Transverse Spin talks – H. Liu• WWND 10 Transverse Spin; PKU-RBRC ‘08 Drell-Yan talks – M. Liu• EINN 09, HANUC ‘09 Lectures, SPIN ‘08, … invited talks – Aidala• EIC talk at WWND ‘08, - Aidala• Transversity ‘08 – Jiang• RHIC Spin Drell-Yan white paper – M. Liu coauthor• E906 muID tubes, 1st detectors on floor at FNAL – M. Liu, H. Liu, McGaughey• CNI Polarimeter results for 2006 run – H. Liu, Camacho• E906 Collaboration mtg in Los Alamos – M. Liu & others• SpinFest organizer – M. Liu

12/14/09 14

Extending Gluon Saturation & Energy Loss Studies to an Electron-Ion Collider

Gluon distributions in Nuclei• DIS with wide x coverage & large luminosity• , , J/Ψ production on nuclei• spatial dependence of distributions• Forward production (DVCS)• Diffractive interactions with (colorless) multi-gluon virtual excitations (Pomerons)

Energy loss & hadronization in CNM• DIS hadron & heavy-quark production

Electron in e+A is clean well understood probe• but d+Au is more direct gluon probe

Outlook: LANL Medium Energy Physics

12/14/09 15

• Continue active leadership of the CNM Program centered on PHENIX• Push E906 through to dE/dx physics result• Lead in the muon detector based forward-rapidity RHIC spin program• Work towards W msmt

• solve high-momentum charge separation problem in muon tracker• Forward-rapidity transverse asymmetry measurements• Harvest new physics enabled by the PHENIX FVTX upgrade• Carry out analysis of present JLAB data; low-level 12-GeV JLab physics?• Explore EIC physics and establish role in detector development

PHENIX Preliminary

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

CNM from Run8

W AL (sea

contrib. to nucl.

spin)

forw transv.

CNM with FVTX

W, DY transv.

FVTXphysics

E906 dE/dx

JPARCPol. DY?

ANn JLab 12-GeV

JLab?

EIC high in LRP?

LHC p+A?

FVTX construction

LANL detector initiative & physics planning

• E906 enabled by new Director’s (LDRD) Post Doc and/or student• JLab AN

n enabled by present Dir’s PD & LDRD ER, finishes present analyses• 12-GeV Jlab does not fit; possible LDRD?• Polarized DY (at JParc), LHC p+A are other more virtual but interesting possibilities

EIC physics development

A Decadal View for the LANL ME Physics Program

12/14/09 16

rough

milesto

nes

Physics with FVTX for multiple species of collisions

FY10Who RHIC

(FTE)JLab(FTE)

LDRD(FTE)

Leitch 0.3 CNM, EIC

McGaughey 0.1 E906

M. Liu 0.4 W0.3 Transv.0.1 DY

0.2 E906

Jiang 0.6 Transv. 0.3 Transv.

H. Liu (PD) 0.9 0.1 E906

Aidala (PD)(2009-2011)

0.4 Transv.0.4 ALL0.2 EIC

Puckett (PD)(2010-2011)

0.7 n-asymm.0.3 12-GeV

New PD

Total 1.7 + 0.9 PD 0.3 0.3 + 1.1+1 PD

DOE Total 2 .0 + 0.9 PD

• FVTX & Muon Tracker hardware work to enable above physics • E906 LDRD ends at end of FY10• PD’s in LDRD column are supported by LDRD

12/14/09 17

Fitting Effort into Available FTE’s

FY11 - with JLab LDRD + E906 PDWho RHIC

(FTE)JLab(FTE)

LDRD(FTE)

Leitch 0.3 CNM, EIC

McGaughey 0.1 E906

M. Liu 0.3 W0.3Transv.0.1 DY0.3 E906

Jiang 0.6 Transv. 0.3 JLab

H. Liu (PD) 1.0

Aidala (PD)(2009-2011)

0.4 Transv.0.4 ALL0.2 EIC

Puckett (PD)(2010-2011)

0.7 n-asymm.0.3 12-GeV

New PD 1 PD

Total 2.00 + 1 PD 0.4 + 2+1 PD

DOE Total 2 .0 + 1 PD

• FVTX & Muon Tracker hardware work to enable above physics • JLab staff effort requires new LDRD support• New (LDRD) PD enables E906 completion through physics• PD’s in LDRD column are supported by LDRD

12/14/09 18

Fitting Effort into Available FTE’s

FY13-FY14 - with ramp-up of EICWho RHIC

(FTE)JLab(FTE)

LDRD(FTE)

Leitch 0.3 CNM, EIC

McGaughey 0.3 EIC

M. Liu 0.1 W0.3Transv.0.2 DY0.2 EIC

0.2 EIC (detector)

Jiang 0.4 Transv0.2 EIC

0.2 EIC (detector)

H. Liu (PD) 1

Postdoc 1 EIC

Postdoc 1 EIC

Postdoc

Total 2.0 + 1 PD 0.4 + 2 PD

DOE Total 2 .0 + 1 PD

• FVTX & Muon Tracker hardware work to enable above physics • PD’s in LDRD column are supported by LDRD

12/14/09 19

Fitting Effort into Available FTE’s

12/14/09 20

Backup

12/14/09 21

Physics Viability of the RHIC Polarized Beam Operations

achieved Projected “2014E” W msmt in 20 wks

s (GeV) Lumipb-1/wk

Polariz Lumipb-1/wk

Polariz Lumipb-1/wk

Polariz

200 8 55% 6-10 55-65%

500 18 34% 18-83 35-65% 45 70%

Polarized p+p Accelerator Improvements:• new polarized source - +10% in polarization• AGS horizontal tune jump - +5% polarization?• * 0.6• 9 Mhz & other RF improvements• spin flipper, electron lens

W physics goal: 300 pb-1 delivered at 70% polariz.• PHENIX recorded/delivered = 1/3• achieved/goal =(18 pb-1 x 20 wks x 1/3 x 0.342)/(300 pb-1 x 0.72) = 1/10• projected/goal =(83 pb-1 x 20 wks x 1/3 x 0.652)/(300 pb-1 x 0.72) = 1.6

deFlorian projections

* Oct 2009 RHIC projections – W. Fischer et al.

800 pb-1

22

•75 m pitch strips in radial dir., 3.75° in •Radiation length < 2.4%/wedge•Data push FPHX readout chip•High density interconnect cable•ROC (big wheel area in Interaction

Region)•FEM (VME crate in Counting House)•PHENIX Data Collection Modules

HDI

FPHX

sensor

ROC, IR

FEM, Counting House

FVTX Details

12/14/09

23

FY09 Progress

Wedge Components• Prototype sensors procured, tested, and production

order placed• 1st and 2nd round FPHX chips tested and production

order placed• HDI prototype tested, 2nd prototype order in progress• Backplane production order placedDetector Assembly• SOW, schedule in place for wedge assembly at FNAL

Silicon Fabrication Facility (SiDet). Several prototypes assembled

• Final design for wedge assembly fixtures completed, fab at UNM

• Assembly areas being prepared at BNLDAQ• 2nd round ROC in progress, first round used

extensively in wedge testing• FEM prototype ready for procurementMechanics• Cage, backplane and disk designs completed, fab in

progress

FPHXHDI

Wedge

ROC FEM

Cage12/14/09

12/14/09 24

RHIC• already have Nat. Lab. scale role incl. FVTX, Muon Tracker & PHENIX mgmt• work together with our larger H.I. program• harvesting FVTX-enabled physics – CNM & spin• spin msmts now viable with higher luminosity & polarization• new opportunities in forward transverse spin

JLab• no Nat. Lab. scale role; would take redirection of whole LANL ME effort to JLab• EIC relationship?

• maintain at low level expertise, etc for future EIC• if EIC fails, JLab 12-GeV is an alternative

E906• already have Nat. Lab scale (hardware) contribution• huge physics overlap with past FNAL and present RHIC d+Au programs• but, if cannot add LDRD PD and/or student, then cannot stay in E906 to physics

JParc?• nice followup to E906 (polariz.) but doesn’t fit in base programLHC p+A?• also nice complement to E906 & RHIC d+Au• and we do “have” a small H.I. presence at LHC already

Some of the Logic behind our Proposed Plan

12/14/09 25

JLab 6-GeV JLab 12-GeV

8:30 Welcome and Charge – Scott Wilburn (10 min)9:15 Medium Energy Physics Overview – Melynda Brooks (10+5 min)8:40 Physics Overview, Key Roles, 5-year Plan – Mike Leitch (25+10 min)9:30 Cold Nuclear Matter (CNM) Physics – Mike Leitch (15+10 min)9:55 E906 and CNM Energy loss – Pat McGaughey (10+5 min)10:10 Break10:30 RHIC Spin – Ming Liu (20+10 min)11:00 Transverse Spin and SIDIS at JLab – Xiaodong Jiang (15+10 min)11:25 Future Physics at JLab – Andrew Puckett (10+5)11:40 Electron Ion Collider – Christine Aidala (15+5 min)12:00 Lunch1:00 Executive Session3:00 Closeout6:30 Dinner

Schedule for Today

12/14/09 26