LANGUAGE POWERNOW

F

LANGUAGE POWER NOW

Work with Vocabulary

Section Opener ........................................................ 5

1. Use a Similar Word: Synonyms ....................... 6

2. Use the Opposite Word: Antonyms ................ 7

3. Choose the Correct Spelling: Homophones .................................................. 8

4. Expand Your Vocabulary: Root Words .......... 10

5. Understand Word Beginnings: Prefixes ........ 11

6. Understand Word Endings: Suffixes ............. 12

7. Combine Two Words: Contractions .............. 13

8. Mind Your Meaning: Denotation and Connotation ....................... 14

9. Be Clear and Interesting: Descriptive Words ........................................ 15

10. Use Slang: Informal and Formal Language ................... 17

11. Use Variety: Literary Devices ....................... 19

Section Review ....................................................... 21

Build Sentences

Section Opener ...................................................... 25

12. Use Variety: Types of Sentences .................. 26

13. Use Variety: Sentence Length ...................... 28

14. Combine Sentences: Compound Sentences .................................29

15. Expand Sentences: Adding Details .............. 30

16. Edit Sentences: Run-On Sentences ............. 31

17. Know Complete Subjects and Predicates .............................................. 32

18. Identify Who or What: Simple Subjects ........ 34

19. Identify the Action: Simple Predicates ......... 35

20. Identify Who or What: Compound Subjects .................................... 36

21. Identify the Action: Compound Predicates ................................. 37

22. Understand Compound Subjects and Predicates .................................................... 38

23. Identify Sentence Parts: Direct and Indirect Objects .........................39

24. Recognize Independent and Subordinate Clauses ............................40

25. Combine Sentences: Complex Sentences ..................................... 41

26. Recognize Clauses: Adjective Clauses ........ 43

27. Recognize Clauses: Adverb Clauses ............ 44

28. Edit Sentences: Sentence Fragments .......... 45

29. Edit Sentences: Comma Splices .................. 46

Section Review ...................................................... 47

Know Capitalization and Punctuation

Section Opener ...................................................... 51

30. Use Capitals: A Variety of Capitalization ........................... 52

31. Know Latin Short Forms: Abbreviations ....... 53

32. Shorten Business Words: Abbreviations ....... 54

33. Separate Adjectives: Commas ...................... 55

34. Punctuate Dialogue: Quotation Marks ......... 57

35. Show Possession: Apostrophes ................... 59

36. Use Transition Words: Semicolons ............... 60

37. Introduce a List: Colons ................................ 62

38. Add Appositives: Parentheses ...................... 63

39. Guide Readers: A Variety of Punctuation .............................. 64

Section Review ...................................................... 66

Grasp Grammar and Usage

Section Opener ...................................................... 70

40. Name the Person, Place, Thing, or Idea: Nouns .................................... 71

41. Show Ownership: Singular Possessive Nouns ........................ 73

42. Show Ownership: Plural Possessive Nouns ............................ 74

43. Make Irregular Plural Nouns Possessive .................................................... 75

44. Use Concrete and Abstract Nouns ............................................. 76

45. Identify a Variety of Verbs ............................. 77

46. Provide More Information: Verb Phrases ...... 79

47. Show When an Action Happens: Verb Tenses ................................................... 80

Table of ConTenTs

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48. Make the Past Tense: Irregular Verbs .............................................. 82

49. Use Present Perfect and Past Perfect Tenses ..................................... 83

50. Match the Numbers: Subject-Verb Agreement ............................. 84

51. Match the Subject: Linking Verbs ................. 86

52. Understand Active and Passive Voice ......... 87

53. Replace Subject Nouns: Subject Pronouns ......................................... 89

54. Replace Object Nouns: Object Pronouns ........................................... 90

55. Show Ownership: Possessive Pronouns ................................... 91

56. Use Indefinite Pronouns ............................... 92

57. Describe Nouns: Relative Pronouns ............ 93

58. Make Pronouns and Antecedents Agree ............................... 95

59. Use a Variety of Pronouns and Antecedents .......................................... 96

60. Write Descriptive Words: Adjectives ............. 97

61. Make Comparisons: Adjectives .................... 99

62. Describe Actions: Adverbs .......................... 100

63. Write Descriptively: Adjectives and Adverbs ............................. 101

64. Show Relationships: Prepositions .............. 102

65. Describe a Noun: Prepositional Phrases .................................103

66. Describe a Noun: Participle Phrases ......... 104

67. Be Clear: Misplaced Modifiers ................... 105

68. Be Clear: Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers ..................................................... 106

69. Use Joining Words: Conjunctions ............... 107

70. Express Emotions: Interjections ................. 108

71. Be Careful: Avoid Double Negatives .......... 109

Section Review ..................................................... 110

Craft and Compose

Section Opener .................................................... 114

72. Use Your Knowledge: Choosing a Topic ....................................... 115

73. Consider Purpose and Audience ............... 117

74. Formulate a Thesis: Topic Versus Thesis .................................... 118

75. Create a Senses Chart: Organizing Ideas ........................................ 119

76. Write What and Why: Strong Openings ........................................ 120

77. Find Strengths and Weaknesses: Writing Details ............................................ 122

78. Use Your Senses: Supporting Details ........ 124

79. Order by Time: Arranging Details ............... 126

80. Show Character and Situation: Writing Dialogue ......................................... 127

81. Make Language Precise: Sensory Words ............................................ 129

82. Restate What and Why: Strong Conclusions .................................... 130

83. Catch Your Readers’ Attention: Effective Titles ............................................ 132

84. Improve Word Choice and Spelling: Revising ...................................................... 133

85. Correct Sentences: Editing ......................... 135

Section Review .................................................... 137

Develop Research Skills

Section Opener .................................................... 141

86. Think Critically: Inquiry Questions ....................................... 142

87. Find Synonyms and Antonyms: Researching Words .................................... 143

88. Choose Resources: Library Research ........ 144

89. Conduct Online Research: Keywords ......... 145

90. Consider Bias: Primary and Secondary Sources .............. 147

91. Spot Hoaxes: Online Sources ........................................... 148

92. Avoid Scams: Personal Information Online ..................... 149

93. Investigate Copyright: Plagiarism ................................................... 150

94. In-Text Citations: Citing Research ................ 151

95. Maintain a Citations List: Research Notes .......................................... 152

96. Cite Your Sources: Paraphrasing and Quoting ........................ 154

Section Review .................................................... 156

Index .................................................................... 160

4 Table of Contents NEL

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An adjective is a word that modifies a noun. Adjectives add detail and description to help readers picture or sense what they are reading. There are different types of adjectives. In addition to the adjectives we normally think of (community centre, Metis history), there are the following categories:

Demonstrative adjectives point out specific people or things. They are this, these, that, and those. We use this and these to refer to objects close by, and that and those for objects further away.

For example: This store is advertised on that billboard.

Possessive adjectives indicate who or what owns something. They are my, your, his, her, and our.

For example: Our dog loves playing with your cat.

Interrogative adjectives modify nouns that are used in questions. They are which, what, and whose.

For example: Do you know which day he’s arriving?

WRITE DESCRIPTIVE

WORDS: ADJECTIVES

A. Write the correct demonstrative adjective on the line provided.

1. It’s late, but I have to read another chapter. I love book.

2. clouds over there look threatening. I think it’s going to rain.

3. Do you like bracelets I’m wearing? I made them!

B. Write the correct possessive adjective on the line provided.

1. David is late, and I can’t reach cellphone.

2. Jamila should open a restaurant, because pie is the best I’ve ever had.

3. I can’t get a decent shot on net. I think scoring streak is over.

C. Write the correct interrogative adjective on the line provided.

1. We all have to bring food to the potluck. are you bringing?

2. A red car is being towed out front. Do you know it is?

3. I love all of those bands. one is playing first?

D. Underline the adjectives in each sentence below. Do not include the articles the or a.

1. This pamphlet outlines various projects by government agencies for providing clean water.

2. Whose safety glasses were left on the storage cupboard for the power tools?

3. Wolverines live in Arctic regions, using their large, furry paws like snowshoes.

LESSON

7

thisThose

these

hisher

my

Whatwhose

Which

Grasp Grammar and Usage NEL

Sample Lesson: Level F(Grade 8)

Mini-lessons reinforce how to apply the skill and why it is important in the writing process.

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E. In each sentence below, add two adjectives to modify the noun in italics. Choose adjectives that help a reader picture what you describe.

1. The queen looked down at the , crowd.

2. My favourite movie features a/an , character.

3. After finishing the race, Sammy had a/an , feeling.

4. Sasha and her friends went to the , festival.

5. We just moved to this , neighbourhood.

F. Write a descriptive paragraph on a topic of your choice, or, if you need help with an idea, you could write about a time you were very proud of yourself or a family member. In your writing, use a variety of descriptive adjectives. When you’re done writing, circle them.

G. With a partner, compare the sentences you completed in Exercise E. Discuss how the adjectives would affect the picture a reader might form when reading each sentence.

clappingriver

exhaustedmulticultural

quiet

cheeringspirit

elatedfood

country

One time when I was very proud of myself is when I finished my first

Terry Fox run. My mom ran as well, so I was extremely proud of her, too!

My mom and I decided to take part in the Terry Fox run when we were

watching a short documentary about Terry Fox. Around that time, my

brave aunt was getting treated for cancer. So, my mom and I decided

to take part in the charity run.

Before the summer run, we knew we would have to prepare. First, we

created a running schedule and we ran twice a week. We knew we

would need comfortable running shoes so we bought matching blue

pairs. We also made really healthy meals. We made sure to eat lots of

green vegetables, whole grains, and lean meats.

When race day came, I was quite nervous. My mom and I wore yellow

t-shirts, my aunt’s favourite colour. Once the race started, my stomach

butterflies disappeared. The cheering crowds and my aunt’s smiling

face made me super motivated. My mom and I ran at a steady pace and

finished the run in one hour and fifteen minutes! We also raised a lot of

money for cancer research.

Grasp Grammar and UsageNEL

For some topics that students regularly struggle with, exercises provide for longer form writing so that students can demonstrate authentic learning. These longer form exercises allow for formative assessment opportunities, including self and peer assessment.

All lessons end with an application exercise that asks the student to go beyond the book to apply the skill in various manners, covering all stages of the writing process.