language arts and reading terms: genre, story elements, figurative language
DESCRIPTION
This PowerPoint presentation covers many of the common terms used in Lang. Arts such as genres, story elements and figurative language. Each term has an application practice and many include videos or mnemonic devices. Enjoy!TRANSCRIPT
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Reading Terms
1. Get ready with a pen(cil). 2. Decide how you learn best: 3-column notes? Index cards?
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If you are using 3-column notes:
Label your paper: Name, Period, Date, Rdg. terms PP
Divide your paper into 3 columns and label them:TermMeaningApplication
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If you are using index cards:
Be prepared each day with a pack of index cards
Use one card for each termWrite the term on the front Write the meaning and application on the
back
Let’s get started!
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genre
Types of literature
Application: Name at least 3 different types of literary genres.
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genre, kids
http://vimeo.com/31332643
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genre: fiction
Fiction is made up, a story that is not real
Application: What is the genre called if the fiction story is very realistic?
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genre: nonfiction
Nonfiction is real, true information
Application: What are at least 3 features of nonfiction?
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genre: biography
Biography is a story about someone’s life written by someone else
Application: Which of the following is a biography? Explain your answer.
a. Tebow Tough by Parker G. Ville
b. Through My Eyes by Tim Tebow
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genre: autobiography
A story written about someone’s life that they write themselves
May be written with an editor
Application: Write a title and the author of your own autobiography.
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genre: fable
Fables are stories that teach a lesson, often uses animals
Application: Think of the story, “The Boy Who Cried Wolf.” What lesson does this story teach?
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genre: folktale
Folktales are stories told orally and passed down for generations. The original authors are unknown.
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character
An imaginary person/animal/thing in a work of fiction
Application:
Write your favorite book character.
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setting
Where AND when the story takes place
Application:
Write the setting of the book you are currently reading.
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plot
The related events in a storyThe beginning, middle, and end
Application: Construct a plot diagram.
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plot diagram
exposition
rising action
climax
falling action
resolution
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resolution
How the conflicts are solved in a story and how it ends
Application:
What happens during the resolution of ‘Cinderella?’
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climax
The most exciting part of a storyThe point of greatest tension
Application:
What is the climax of ‘Goldilocks and the Three Bears?’
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suspense
Not knowing what is going to happen next
Application: Which movie genre(s) do you think would have a lot of suspense? (Ex: Comedy? Adventure? Drama? Horror?
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conflict
The problem in a storyThere are 4 main types of conflicts
Application:
Can you list the 4 main types of conflicts?
A character versus…
1. 3.
2. 4.
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Types of conflicts
Write down the four types of conflicts you see in the following video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WsfLxsx8lQI&feature=related
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internal conflict
A character(s) is dealing with a problem internally, or with their own emotions
Application: Choose a picture and write what the internal conflict could be
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external conflict
A character(s) deals with a problem that is outside of their emotions
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point of view
The perspective a story is told from
Application:
Can you list the 3 main types of POV?
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point of views
The 3 main points of view are…
1. 1st person – uses I, we, us, our
2. 3rd person – uses he, she, they, them
3. 3rd person omniscient – same as above except the narration is ‘all-knowing’ and as a reader we know their thoughts and feelings
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POV Application:
For each of the following excerpts, write:
1 = 1st person POV
3 = 3rd person POV
3O = 3rd person omniscient
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1=1st 3=3rd 3O=3rd omniscient
I walked into the dark, cold house. I couldn’t believe this is where my family and I lived for so long. It was now so empty and lonely.
Harper was so happy Brett was finally home to give her a bone. ‘Feed me, feed me, feed me!’ thought Harper.
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1=1st 3=3rd 3O=3rd omniscient
Houston got his bike out of the garage and started down the driveway. The birds chirped and a light warm breeze blew down the street.
Jasper couldn’t believe he had failed the test. He had stayed up all night studying! ‘My dad is going to kill me,’ he thought to himself.
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1=1st 3=3rd 3O=3rd omniscient
“I hope I meet some friends today,” Jack
thought as he walked into the new
school.
The teacher sat at her desk grading papers while the students worked on a science fair project. One girl walked over to sharpen her pencil.
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theme
Theme is the overall lesson that you learn from a story.
Themes DO NOT have character names in them and can be applied to many stories.
Applications continued on next two slides.
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Application: theme
Which of the following would be a theme learned from “The Three Little Pigs?”
a. The pig who made his house of brick was the smartest
b. Hard work and planning always pays off
c. Wolves are mean and scary animals
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Application: theme
Which of the following would be a theme learned from “The Tortoise and the Hare?”
a. Persistence wins in the end
b. Those who boast and brag will never win
c. Turtles can beat rabbits sometimes
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foreshadowing
Little hints that predict what is going to happen next
Application: Did anyone see Mission Impossible 4 over the break? (Class discussion)
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flashback
When the present setting of the story goes back to tell about something that happened in the past
Application: Here is a mnemonic device to help you remember flashback:
When a story FLASHES BACK
to the past
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dialogue
Conversation in textUse of “quotation marks”
Application: Write an example of dialogue between you and someone else.
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dialect
A particular way of speaking depending on where someone is from or their culture
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZUsDGvfRao
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author’s purpose
The reason an author writes something
Application: What does P.I.E.S. stand for?
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author’s purpose cont…
P= persuadeI= informE= entertainS= share feelings
Application: on the following slide, write if the author’s purpose is to persuade, inform, entertain, or share feelings
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author’s purpose cont…
A newspaper editorial about why you should vote republican
A comic bookA book reportA journal entryAn advertisement selling a bicycleA newspaper article“Diary of a Wimpy Kid”
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tone and mood
Tone- the way an author feels about his/her subject
Mood- the way a piece of writing makes the reader feel
Application: BrainPop
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main idea
The most important message the author is trying to convey
Application: A mnemonic device for remembering main idea is M.I.
Main Idea = Most Important
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compare and contrast
Compare = similar
Contrast = differences
Application: Use a Venn diagram to compare/contrast elementary and middle schools. Elementary Middle
both
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denotation and connotation
Denotation = Dictionary Definition
Connotation = emotional meaning
Application: Which word in ( ) has a more positive connotation? What is the denotation of both words?
The present I bought for my grandmother was (inexpensive, cheap).
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free verse poetry
Does not rhyme or follow any rules
Application: A mnemonic device for
FREE verse poetry is that you are FREE to
write whatever you wish!
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rhyme scheme
The pattern of rhyme that a poem hasUses the last word of each line First line of the poem is always given an
“a.” If another word rhymes with that word, it gets an “a.” If not, go to the next letter in the alphabet
Application: On the next slide, write the rhyme scheme of the poem
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rhyme scheme cont…
I could not, would not, on a boat.
I will not, will not, with a goat.
I will not eat them in the rain.
I will not eat them on a train.
Not in the dark! Not in a tree!
Not in a car! You let me be!
I do not like them in a box.
I do not like them with a fox.
I will not eat them in a house.
I will not eat them with a mouse.-from Green Eggs and Ham by Dr. Suess
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stanza
A group of lines in a poem
Application: You can immediately see the number of stanzas in a poem just by looking. How many stanzas are in the poem on the next slide?
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Do not go gentle into that good night by Dylan Thomas
Do not go gentle into that good night, Old age should burn and rave at close of day;
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
Though wise men at their end know dark is right, Because their words had forked no lightning they
Do not go gentle into that good night.
Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight, And learn, too late, they grieved it on its way,
Do not go gentle into that good night.
Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
And you, my father, there on the sad height, Curse, bless me now with your fierce tears, I pray.
Do not go gentle into that good night. Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
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Do not go gentle into that good night by Dylan Thomas
More practice: Find the rhyme scheme of the first 3 stanzas
Do not go gentle into that good night, Old age should burn and rave at close of day;
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
Though wise men at their end know dark is right, Because their words had forked no lightning they
Do not go gentle into that good night.
Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
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Do not go gentle into that good night by Dylan Thomas
More practice: Find the rhyme scheme of the first 3 stanzas
Do not go gentle into that good night, Old age should burn and rave at close of day;
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
Though wise men at their end know dark is right, Because their words had forked no lightning they
Do not go gentle into that good night.
Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
ABA
ABA
ABA
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imagery
Writing that appeals to your sensesImagery helps the reader know what
something looks like, feels like, smells like, tastes like, or sounds like
Application: IMAGEry helps you make an IMAGE in your mind
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symbolism
When something stands on its own but also stands for something else
A writing technique that makes an author sound like they are writing about one thing when they actually mean something else
Application: Read the poem on the next slide. Is it really only about walking in the woods?
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Application: symbolismhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ie2Mspukx14&feature=related
The Road Not Taken
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;
Then took the other, as just as fair,
And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as for that the passing there
Had worn them really about the same,
And both that morning equally layIn leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I kept the first for another day!Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back.
I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I-- I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.
-Robert Frost
More practice: How many stanzas does this poem have?
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alliteration
Repeating the same beginning sound Tongue twisters often use alliteration
Sally sold seashells by the seashorePeter Piper picked a peck of pickled
peppers
Application: Write a sentence about your name using alliteration
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onomatopoeia
Words that SHOW soundNot to be confused with words that
MAKE soundShows sound Makes sound
BOOM! FALL
TWEET SING
WOOF! BARK
Application: Write 2 onomatopoeias you could
hear at the park
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PERSONification
Making an object seem like a PERSON by giving it humanlike qualities
Application: Choose an object and a humanlike quality and write an example of personification (next slide)
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personification cont…
Objects: tree
chair
clock
Humanlike qualities: moan
race
reach
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hyperbole
An extreme exaggeration, something that is very unlikely to happen
Application: Finish these hyperboles…
- She was so angry she ____
- He was so excited that he ____
- The baby was so tired ____
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idioms
Figures of speech that do not mean what they literally say
Application: What do these common idioms really mean?
-born with a silver spoon in his mouth
-the cook was short-handed
-I live in a hole in the wall
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irony
The opposite of what you expect
Application: Isn’t it Ironic? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x93oAM12wgk
What do you expect to happen when:
-you win the lottery?
-you get a pardon from death row?
-you have a wedding day?
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similes and metaphors
similes= compare two unlike things using “like” or “as”
metaphors= compares two unlike things without “like” or “as”
Application: http://vimeo.com/16747575
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Now, why did you just sit through these 60 PowerPoint slides?
a.Ms. Smith hates you
b.Your success in life depends on memorizing these terms
c.Ms. Smith loves you and wants you to appreciate literature and do well in your
Language Arts classes by knowing these terms.
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The correct answer is C
So, the next step is to look over your notes each night and feel confident the day of your exam!
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Whooo Hoooo!
You’re done!
I bet you’re tickled pink now that this PowerPoint is over.
Well, almost. What two reading terms did I just use in this slide???