LANDASAN PROGRAM PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR STASIUN INTERMODA DI TANGERANG

Disusun Oleh :

Nadhila Hastrina 21020113130074

Dosen Koordinator

Ir. B. Adji Murtomo, MSA

Dosen Pembimbing I Septana Bagus Pribadi, ST, MT

Dosen Pembimbing II Dr. Eng. Bangun IRH, ST, MT

Dosen Penguji Dr. Ir. Agung Budi Sarjono,MT Dr. Ir. Eddy Prianto, CES, DEA

TUGAS AKHIR PERIODE 138

Prodi S1 Teknik Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro

Semarang 2017

ABSTRAK Stasiun Intermoda di Tangerang

Oleh : Nadhila Hastrina, Septana Bagus Pribadi, Bangun IRH

Kereta api bisa menjadi salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi masalah transporasti yang semakin hari kian padat. Kereta api juga dapat menjadi solusi masalah transportasi jalan yang sekarang sudah semakin parah macetnya dari dan ke pusat-pusat produksi menuju simpul-simpul strategis pelabuhan laut, pelabuhan penyeberangan maupun bandara udara. Guna memberikan layanan transportasi yang menyeluruh kepada masarakat maka layanan moda ini harus terintegrasi dengan layanan moda lain seperti moda udara, moda darat (transportasi perkotaan) dan moda laut. Bentuk-bentuk layanan ini akan terus dikembangkan pada masa yang akan datang,sehingga layanan kereta api tidak lagi identik dengan perjalanan antar kota, tetapi akan semakin berkembang menjadi layanan kereta menuju bandara (airport railway), layanan kereta api perkotaan (urban transport railway) dan layanan kereta api menuju pelabuhan (port railway).

Pemerintah Kota Tangerang berencana menjadikan Stasiun Batu Ceper dan Terminal Poris Plawad sebagai pusat integrasi moda angkutan massal sehingga warga yang ingin ke Jawa Barat hingga Jawa Tengah bisa melalui kedua titik itu, rencana untuk menjadikan stasiun dan terminal tersebut terintegrasi merupakan bagian dari pembangunan dan pengembangan jalur kereta api Batu Ceper – Bandara Soekarno – Hatta. Dengan adanya Integrasi antarmoda, transporasi umum akan lebih efisien dan memudahkan mobilitas penggunanya, sehingga diharapkan dapat mendorong dan menarik minat masyarakat untuk menggunakan angkutan umum.

Kata Kunci : Kereta, Stasiun, Transportasi, Tangerang, Moda

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur penyusun panjatkan kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas rahmat dan hidayah-Nya, sehingga penyusun dapat menyelesaikan Landasan Program Perencanaan dan Perancangan Arsitektur Tugas Akhir dengan judul Stasiun Intermoda di Tangerang.

LP3A ini disusun untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat kelulusan mata kuliah Tugas Akhir pada Progran Studi S-1 Teknik Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro.

Adapun LP3A ini telah diselesaikan semaksimal mungkin dan tentunya dengan bantuan dari berbagai pihak. Dalam kesempatan ini, penyusun mengucapkan terimakasih kepada:

1. Septana Bagus Pribadi, ST, MT selaku Dosen Pembimbing Mata Kuliah Tugas Akhir Periode 138;

2. Dr. Eng. Bangun IRH, ST, MT selaku Dosen Pembimbing Mata Kuliah Tugas Akhir Periode 138;

3. Dr. Ir. Agung Budi Sarjono,MT selaku Dosen Penguji Mata Kuliah Tugas Akhir Periode 138;

4. Dr. Ir. Eddy Prianto, CES, DEA selaku Dosen Penguji Mata Kuliah Tugas Akhir Periode 138;

5. Ir. B. Adji Murtomo, MSA selaku Dosen Koordinator Mata Kuliah Tugas Akhir Periode 138;

6. Dr. Ir. Agung Budi Sarjono,MT selaku Ketua Departemen Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas

Diponegoro;

7. Dr. Ir. Erni Setyowati, MT selaku Kepala Prodi S-1 Teknik Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas

Diponegoro;

8. Semua pihak yang telah banyak membantu dalam penyusunan laporan ini.

Penyusun menyadari bahwa penyusunan laporan ini masih memiliki banyak kekurangan, oleh karena itu kritik dan saran sangat diharapkan untuk perbaikan dan penyusunan selanjutnya.

Akhir kata penyusun berharap semoga laporan ini bermanfaat bagi penyusun sendiri maupun bagi pihak-pihak lain yang berkenan.

Semarang, April 2017

Penyusun

DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL .............................................................................................................................................

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ...................................................................................................... ...i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ............................................................................................................................ ..ii HALAMAN PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ................................................................................... ..iii ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................................................................... ..iv KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................................................................ ...v DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................................................................... ..vi DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................................................................... ..ix DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................................................................. ..x

DAFTAR DIAGRAM ........................................................................................................................................ xi

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang .......................................................................................................................... 2

1.2 Tujuan Dan Sasaran ................................................................................................................. 2

1.2.1 Tujuan ......................................................................................................................... 2

1.2.2 Sasaran ........................................................................................................................ 2

1.3 Manfaat.................................................................................................................................... 2

1.4 Ruang Lingkup Pembahasan .................................................................................................... 2

1.5 Metode Pembahasan ............................................................................................................... 2

1.5.1 Metode Deskriptif ....................................................................................................... 2

1.5.2 Metode Dokumentatif ................................................................................................ 2

1.5.3 Metode Komparatif .................................................................................................... 3

1.6 Sistematika Pembahasan ......................................................................................................... 3

1.7 Alur Pikir ................................................................................................................................... 4

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA......................................................................................................................... 5

2.1 Tinjauan Umum Stasiun Intermoda ......................................................................................... 5

2.1.1 Pengertian Stasiun Intermoda .................................................................................... 5

2.2 Tinjauan Moda Transportasi ................................................................................................... 5

2.2.1 Kereta Listrik Commuterline JABODETABEK ................................................................ 6

2.2.2 Kereta Bandara ........................................................................................................... 7

2.3 Tinjauan Prasarana Moda Transportasi .................................................................................. 7

2.3.1 Tinjauan Stasiun…........................................................................................................7

2.3.1.1 Definisi Stasiun................................................................................................7

2.3.1.2 Jenis Stasiun..................................................................................................8

2.3.1.3 Fasilitas Stasiun................... .........................................................................8

2.3.1.4 Persyaratan Teknis .......................... ............................................................9

2.3.1.5 Standar Pelayanan Minimum Stasiun Stasiun......................................... ...15

2.4 Penekanan Desain .................................................................................................................. 25

2.4.1 Tinjauan Konsep Hightech Architecture .................................................................... 25

2.4.2 Tinjauan Konsep TOD ................................................................................................ 26 BAB III DATA & TINJAUAN LOKASI ............................................................................................................ 27

3.1 Tinjauan Umum Kota Tangerang ............................................................................................ 27

3.2 Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kota Tangerang ....................................................................... 28

3.3 Tinjauan Lokasi Poris Plawad .................................................................................................. 29

3.4 Tinjauan Lokasi Tapak ............................................................................................................. 29

3.5 Tinjauan Stasiun Batu Ceper ................................................................................................... 30

3.5.1 Tinjauan Umum Stasiun Batu Ceper ......................................................................... .30

3.5.2 Data Pelaku Stasiun Batu Ceper ............................................................................... .32

3.5.3 Data Aktivitas Stasiun Batu Ceper ............................................................................. 33

3.5.4 Data Fasilitas Stasiun Batu Ceper .............................................................................. 33

3.5.5 Denah Eksisting Stasiun Batu Ceper .......................................................................... 35

3.6 Tinjauan Proyek Kereta Bandara ............................................................................................ 36

3.7 Studi Banding Bangunan Intermoda ....................................................................................... 37

3.8 Studi Banding Bangunan Stasiun ............................................................................................ 41 BAB IV PENDEKATAN PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN STASIUN INTERMODA DI TANGERANG...............................................................................................45

4.1. PENDEKATAN PEMIKIRAN DAN GAGASAN PERANCANGAN ......................................................45

4.2. PENDEKATAN ASPEK FUNGSIONAL.............................................................................................45

4.2.1 Pendekatan Fungsi ................................................................................................ .............45

4.2.2 Pendekatan Pelaku Kegiatan ................................................................................ .............45 4.2.2.1 Alur Pelaku Kegiatan.............................................................................................49

4.2.3 Pendekatan Jenis Kegiatan ................................................................................... .............49 4.2.4 Pendekatan Kebutuhan Ruang ............................................................................. .............50 4.2.5 Pendekatan Hubungan Ruang .............................................................................. .............52 4.2.6 Pendekatan Sirkulasi ............................................................................................. .............52

4.2.6.1 Sirkulasi Ruang......................................................................................................53 4.2.7 Pendekatan Kapasitas ........................................................................................... .............54 4.2.8 Pendekatan Besaran Ruang .................................................................................. .............59

4.3. PENDEKATAN ASPEK KONTEKSTUAL ............................................................................. .............61

4.3.1 Aksesbilitas ........................................................................................................... .............61 4.3.2 Kondisi Fisik dan Lingkungan ................................................................................ .............61

4.4. PENDEKATAN ASPEK ARSITEKTURAL ............................................................................. .............61

4.4.1 Bentuk dan Massa Bangunan ............................................................................... .............61 4.4.2 Sirkulasi ................................................................................................................. .............62 4.4.2 Pendekatan Konsep Hi-Tech Architecture ............................................................ .............62

4.5. PENDEKATAN ASPEK KINERJA ........................................................................................ .............63

4.5.1 Perangkat Media Informasi .................................................................................. .............63 4.5.2 Instalasi Mekanikal ............................................................................................... .............63 4.5.3 Instalasi Elektrikal ................................................................................................. .............64 4.5.4 Pendingin Ruangan ............................................................................................... .............65 4.5.5 Instalasi Air ............................................................................................................ .............66 4.5.6 Instalasi dan Perangkat Pemadam Kebakaran...................................................... .............66 4.5.7 Perangkat Keamanan ............................................................................................ .............67 4.5.8 Sistem Pengelolaan Sampah ................................................................................. .............68 4.5.9 Sistem Penangkal Petir ......................................................................................... .............68 4.5.10 Sistem Jaringan Komunikasi................................................................................ .............68

4.6. PENDEKATAN ASPEK TEKNIS.......................................................................................... .............69

4.6.1 Sistem Struktur Bangunan .................................................................................... .............69 4.6.2 Bahan Bangunan ................................................................................................... .............70

BAB V LANDASAN PROGRAM PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR STASIUN INTERMODA DI TANGERANG...................................................................................................71

5.1 Konsep Dasar Perencanaan..................................................................................................... 71

5.2 Konsep Dasar Perancangan ..................................................................................................... 71

5.2.1 Aspek Fungsional ...................................................................................................... 71

5.2.2 Aspek Kontekstual .................................................................................................... 71

5.2.3 Aspek Arsitektural ..................................................................................................... 71

5.2.4 Aspek Kinerja ............................................................................................................ 71

5.2.5 Aspek Teknis ............................................................................................................. 72

5.2.6 Program Dasar Perancangan Arsitektur ................................................................... 72

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................................................................74

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Satuan Ruang Parkir Stasiun ....................................................................................... 10 Tabel 2.2 Ketentuan Lebar Peron ............................................................................................... 14 Tabel 2.3 Standar Pelayanan Minimum Stasiun Kereta Api ....................................................... 16 Tabel 3.1 Tabel Volume Penumpang .......................................................................................... 32 Tabel 3.2 Fasilitas Stasiun Batu Ceper ........................................................................................ 33 Tabel 3.3 Tabel Studi Banding Bangunan Intermoda ................................................................. 41 Tabel 3.4 Tabel Stasiun Serpong ................................................................................................. 42 Tabel 3.5 Tabel Stasiun Sudirman ............................................................................................... 43 Tabel 3.6 Hasil Studi Banding Bangunan Stasiun ....................................................................... 44 Tabel 3.7 Front Gate Stasiun Batu Ceper .................................................................................... 33 Tabel 3.8 Loket Stasiun Batu Ceper ............................................................................................ 33 Tabel 3.9 Denah Stasiun Baru Ceper........................................................................................... 34 Tabel 3.10 Lokasi Rencana Jalur Kereta Bandara ...................................................................... 35 Tabel 3.11 Lokasi Rencana Tapak Kereta Bandara .................................................................... 35 Tabel 3.12 Millbrae Intermodal Terminal .................................................................................. 36 Tabel 3.13 Floor Plan Stesen Sentral Kuala Lumpur .................................................................. 37 Tabel 3.14 Stasiun Serpong ........................................................................................................ 40 Tabel 3.15 Stasiun Sudirman ..................................................................................................... 41 Tabel 4.1 Pengelola Stasiun Intermoda ..................................................................................... 45 Tabel 4.2 Pengelola Stasiun Commuterline dan Bandara ......................................................... 46 Tabel 4.3 Prediksi Kebutuhan Waktu Penumpang .................................................................... 46 Tabel 4.4 Jumlah Penumpang Stasiun Batu Ceper .................................................................... 47 Tabel 4.5 Perhitungan Jumlah Penumpang Stasiun Batu Ceper ................................................ 47 Tabel 4.6 Kebutuhan Ruang ....................................................................................................... 51 Tabel 4.7 Perhitungan Rata-rata Keberangkatan Kereta KRL ................................................... 54 Tabel 4.8 Perhitungan Kapasitas Ruang di Stasiun Commuterline ............................................ 56 Tabel 4.9 Perhitungan Kapasitas Ruang di Stasiun Kereta Bandara ......................................... 57 Tabel 4.10 Perhitungan Kapasitas Ruang di Stasiun Utama ..................................................... 58 Tabel 4.11 Perhitungan Kapasitas Kelompok Kegiatan Service ................................................. 58 Tabel 4.12 Perhitungan Program Ruang ................................................................................... 59

DAFTAR DIAGRAM

Diagram 1.1 Diagram Alur Pikir .................................................................................................. 4 Diagram 3.1 Struktur Organisasi Pengelola Stasiun ................................................................... 32 Diagram 3.2 Alur Kegiatan Penumpang ..................................................................................... 32 Diagram 3.3 Alur Kegiatan Pengelola......................................................................................... 32 Diagram 4.1 Alur Kegiatan Penumpang ..................................................................................... 47 Diagram 4.2 Alur Kegiatan Pengelola......................................................................................... 47 Diagram 4.3 Alur Kegiatan Penyewa Retail ................................................................................ 47 Diagram 4.4 Skematik Pendekatan Hubungan Ruang ............................................................... 49 Diagram 4.5 Alur Sirkulasi Keberangkatan Kereta ..................................................................... 51 Diagram 4.6 Alur Sirkulasi Kedatangan Kereta .......................................................................... 51 Diagram 4.7 Alur Sirkulasi Pindah Transportasi ......................................................................... 52 Diagram 4.8 Skematik Jaringan Sampah .................................................................................... 66

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Stasiun KRL Commuterline ...................................................................................... 6 Gambar 2.2 Peta Rute KRL Jabodetabek .................................................................................... 6 Gambar 2.3 Peta Rute Kereta Bandara ...................................................................................... 7 Gambar 2.4 Bus Rapid Transit Tangerang .................................................................................. 8 Gambar 3.1 Peta Infrastruktur Kota Tangerang ........................................................................ 27 Gambar 3.2 Peta Kelurahan Poris Plawad .................................................................................. 29 Gambar 3.3 Tapak Eksisting Stasiun Batu Ceper ....................................................................... 29 Gambar 3.4 Rencana Tapak Stasiun Intermoda ......................................................................... 30 Gambar 3.5 Stasiun Batu Ceper .................................................................................................. 31 Gambar 3.6 Stasiun Batu Ceper .................................................................................................. 34 Gambar 3.7 Front Gate Stasiun Batu Ceper ............................................................................... 34 Gambar 3.8 Loket Stasiun Batu Ceper ........................................................................................ 34 Gambar 3.9 Denah Stasiun Baru Ceper ...................................................................................... 35 Gambar 3.10 Lokasi Rencana Jalur Kereta Bandara.................................................................. 36 Gambar 3.11 Lokasi Rencana Tapak Kereta Bandara ............................................................... 36 Gambar 3.12 Millbrae Intermodal Terminal .............................................................................. 37 Gambar 3.13 Floor Plan Stesen Sentral Kuala Lumpur .............................................................. 38 Gambar 3.14 Stasiun Serpong ................................................................................................... 41 Gambar 3.15 Stasiun Sudirman ................................................................................................. 43