land use planning in the vicinity of dangerous installations

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Land use planning in the Land use planning in the vicinity of dangerous vicinity of dangerous installations installations

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Land use planning in the vicinity of dangerous installations. Seveso Directive 2 and 3. art. 8 domino effects art 11 emergency plans: internal and external art. 12 land use planning. Way to decide safety distances from a hazardous installations 1. “A priori” distance - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Land use planning in the vicinity of dangerous installations

Land use planning in the vicinity of Land use planning in the vicinity of dangerous installationsdangerous installations

Page 2: Land use planning in the vicinity of dangerous installations

Seveso Directive 2 and 3Seveso Directive 2 and 3

• art. 8 domino effects

• art 11 emergency plans: internal and external

• art. 12 land use planning

Page 3: Land use planning in the vicinity of dangerous installations
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Way to decide safety distances from a hazardous installations

1. “A priori” distance

2. Distance decided upon an acceptable level of risk: probabilistic criteria

3. Distance decided upon an acceptable level of risk: deterministic criteria

4. Distance decided upon an acceptable level of risk: mixed approach

Page 7: Land use planning in the vicinity of dangerous installations

The starting point, the basic information is the distance at which lethal and irreversible consequences for health may occur

Page 8: Land use planning in the vicinity of dangerous installations

Immagine n.9, Tabella 3a DM 9/5/01 – Categorie territoriali compatibili con gli stabilimenti –. Le varie categorie territoriali, indicate con lettere, per essere compatibili devono trovarsi a una determinata distanza “di sicurezza” dall’impianto. Le distanze variano a seconda dell’impianto e soprattutto degli scenari incidentali ipotizzabili. Questi ultimi si leggono nell’incrocio tra la probabilità degli eventi e gli effetti possibili. Questi ultimi sono rappresentabili graficamente su una carta come aree entro le quali ci si può attendere letalità, danni irreversibili o reversibili.

Classe di Probabilità degli Eventi

Categoria di effetti

Elevata letalità

Inizio letalità

Lesioni Irreversibili

Lesioni Reversibili

< 10-6 DEF CDEF BCDEF ABCDEF

10-4 – 10-6 EF DEF CDEF BCDEF

10-3 – 10-4 F EF DEF CDEF

>10-3 F F EF DEF

Le lettere contenute in tabella si riferiscono alle categorie territoriali seguenti: A. Aree con destinazione prevalentemente residenziale con indice fondiario molto elevato (indice fondiario di edificazione superiore a 4,5 m3/m2); luoghi di concentrazione di popolazione e soggetti ad affollamento rilevante all’aperto; B. Aree con destinazione prevalentemente residenziale ad elevato indice fondiario (indice fondiario di edificazione compreso tra 4,5 m3/m2 e 1,5 m3/m2); luoghi di concentrazione di popolazione e soggetti ad affollamento rilevante al chiuso e all’aperto; C. Aree con destinazione prevalentemente residenziale ad elevato indice fondiario (indice fondiario di edificazione compreso tra 1,5 m3/m2 e 1 m3/m2); stazioni ferroviarie ed altri nodi di trasporto; D. Aree a destinazione residenziale a basso indice fondiario (indice fondiario di edificazione compreso tra 1 m3/m2 e 0,5 m3/m2); luoghi soggetti ad affollamento rilevante con frequentazione al massimo mensile; E. Aree a destinazione residenziale caratterizzate da un minimo indice fondiario (indice fondiario di edificazione inferiore a 0,5 m3/m); Aree a destinazione prevalentemente industriale, artigianale, agricole e zootecniche; F. Area entro i confini o limitrofa allo stabilimento.

Events probability

Effects probability

Highly lethal Lethal Irreversible effects

Reversible health effects

A= residential areas high density, public open spaces

B= residential areas medium density, public spaces

C= residential areas medium-low density, railways stations…

D= residential areas low density, public spaces used once a month

E= sparse houses, agricultural areas, industrial areas

F= within the plant fence

Page 9: Land use planning in the vicinity of dangerous installations

Ways to decide safety distances from hazardous installations

1. “A priori” distance: 1 km, 500 mt.

Page 10: Land use planning in the vicinity of dangerous installations

Ways to decide safety distances from hazardous installations 2. Distance decided upon acceptable risk: probabilistic approach. The Netherlands case

Social riskIndividual risk

10-8

10-7

10-6

Page 11: Land use planning in the vicinity of dangerous installations

Ways to decide safety distances from hazardous installations 2. . Distance decided upon acceptable risk: probabilistic approach. The

Netherlands case

Individual risk

Individual risk:

Yearly probability that a person staying 24 h in an unprotected environment dies as a consequence of an accident in the plant.

Contours of euqal probabilities are assessed

(increase at decreasing distances from the plant)

Page 12: Land use planning in the vicinity of dangerous installations

Social risk As Low As Reasonably Practible

Social risk:

Framer curve: Yearly probability that a group of more than N people will die as a consequence of an accident in the plant.

Page 14: Land use planning in the vicinity of dangerous installations

Ways to decide safety distances from hazardous installations

The Italian approach: mixedImmagine n.9, Tabella 3a DM 9/5/01 – Categorie territoriali compatibili con gli stabilimenti –. Le varie categorie territoriali, indicate con lettere, per essere compatibili devono trovarsi a una determinata distanza “di sicurezza” dall’impianto. Le distanze variano a seconda dell’impianto e soprattutto degli scenari incidentali ipotizzabili. Questi ultimi si leggono nell’incrocio tra la probabilità degli eventi e gli effetti possibili. Questi ultimi sono rappresentabili graficamente su una carta come aree entro le quali ci si può attendere letalità, danni irreversibili o reversibili.

Classe di Probabilità degli Eventi

Categoria di effetti

Elevata letalità

Inizio letalità

Lesioni Irreversibili

Lesioni Reversibili

< 10-6 DEF CDEF BCDEF ABCDEF

10-4 – 10-6 EF DEF CDEF BCDEF 10-3 – 10-4 F EF DEF CDEF

>10-3 F F EF DEF

Le lettere contenute in tabella si riferiscono alle categorie territoriali seguenti: A. Aree con destinazione prevalentemente residenziale con indice fondiario molto elevato (indice fondiario di edificazione superiore a 4,5 m3/m2); luoghi di concentrazione di popolazione e soggetti ad affollamento rilevante all’aperto; B. Aree con destinazione prevalentemente residenziale ad elevato indice fondiario (indice fondiario di edificazione compreso tra 4,5 m3/m2 e 1,5 m3/m2); luoghi di concentrazione di popolazione e soggetti ad affollamento rilevante al chiuso e all’aperto; C. Aree con destinazione prevalentemente residenziale ad elevato indice fondiario (indice fondiario di edificazione compreso tra 1,5 m3/m2 e 1 m3/m2); stazioni ferroviarie ed altri nodi di trasporto; D. Aree a destinazione residenziale a basso indice fondiario (indice fondiario di edificazione compreso tra 1 m3/m2 e 0,5 m3/m2); luoghi soggetti ad affollamento rilevante con frequentazione al massimo mensile; E. Aree a destinazione residenziale caratterizzate da un minimo indice fondiario (indice fondiario di edificazione inferiore a 0,5 m3/m); Aree a destinazione prevalentemente industriale, artigianale, agricole e zootecniche; F. Area entro i confini o limitrofa allo stabilimento.

Events probability

Effects probability

Highly lethal

Lethal Irreversible effects

Reversible health effects

A= residential areas high density, public open spaces

B= residential areas medium density, public spaces

C= residential areas medium-low density, railways stations…

D= residential areas low density, public spaces used once a month

E= sparse houses, agricultural areas, industrial areas

F= within the plant fence

Page 15: Land use planning in the vicinity of dangerous installations

Ways to decide safety distances from hazardous installations

3. Distance decided upon acceptable levels of risk. The French case

minor consequences

severe consequences

RISK

thre

shol

ds

Page 16: Land use planning in the vicinity of dangerous installations

Distance decided upon acceptable levels of risk. The French case

Law87/565

Zone Z1 zone where an accident my have lethal consequences for at least 1% of people exposed

Zone Z2 zone where severe health effects or injuries may occur as a consequence of an accident

In these zones absolute denial of any new construction; aquisition of public use value

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Commune de Veurey-Voroize PLAN DE PREVENTION DES RISQUES NATURELS PREVISIBLES

ZONAGE REGLEMENTAIRE DU RISQUE hors débordement de l'Isère (sur fond topographique)

Nature du risque* :

I, i2, i3 : crues des fleuves et des rivières M : marécages I', i' : inondation de plaine en pied de versant T : crues des torrents et des rivières torrentielles V, v : ruissellement sur versant G, g1, g2 : glissement de terrain P, p : chutes de pierres f : suffosion, voir encart au 1/25 000è

Chaque zone est référencée par deux indices alphabétiques au moins : * le premier correspond au niveau de contraintes à appliquer ** le second à la nature du risque (caractère en minuscule pour les zones de faibles contraintes, caractère en majuscule pour les autres cas)

............ Limite communale

------------- Limite du zonage réglementaire présenté sur fond cadastral au 1/5000

Niveau de contraintes* :

Zones d'interdictions

Zone de projet possible sous maîtrise collective

Zones de contraintes faibles

Zones sans contraintes spécifiques

Réalisation : Alp'Géorisques Etabli le : 25 mars 1999 Edition : Alp'Géorisques Modifiée le : juillet 2000

(RTM et SEER) Echelle : 1/10 000

Look at the “domino effect”

Page 18: Land use planning in the vicinity of dangerous installations

Law 95/101 passed 2/2/1995 based of the following principles:  precaution, lack of certainty should not delay preventative measures; Prevention principle, adopting state of the art best techniques at acceptable costs

Principle of “polluters pays”

Principle of participation, any citizen has the right to know facts about the environment, including those related to industrial activities (but also natural hazards)

Establishes the PPR (Risk prevention plans, plan de prevention des risques)

Page 19: Land use planning in the vicinity of dangerous installations

AZF (Toulouse) accident

Etablissements et écoles fermés

définitivement : LP Galliéni et Françoise, écoles des Oustalous

plusieurs mois

plus de 4 semaines

plus de 2 semaines

plus d'1 semaine

moins d'une semaine

quelques jours

Page 20: Land use planning in the vicinity of dangerous installations

Distance decided upon acceptable levels of risk. The French case

Law 2003 – 699 approved 30/7/2003 on tehcnological and natural hazards

Introduces the possibility of building limitations also close to installations that must be modifiedIntroduces in the PPR also the industrial risk (including Catnat insurance system) N.B. Introduces the right for public authorities to acquire areas exposed to high hazards, even taking, according to the new urban planning law

Page 21: Land use planning in the vicinity of dangerous installations

Aucune canalisation de produits dangereux ne traverse le territoire de la commune, cependant de l'autre côté de l'Isère passent quatre canalisations véhiculant de tels produits. Ce sont :

Le gazoduc de gaz naturel exploité par Gaz de France ;

Le pipeline de la SPMR (Société pétrolière Méditerranéen - Rhône)

Le gazoduc ETEL transportant de l'éthylène ;

Le gazoduc TRANSUGIL transportant du Propylène

Il est recommandé par la DRIRE d'attacher une importance particulière à l'examen de tout projet d'implantation d'habitats collectifs, d'établissements d'enseignement, de soins ou d'établissements destinés à recevoir du public, dans une zone située de part et d'autre de la canalisation et dont la largeur dépend de la nature du produit transporté. La canalisation présentant le plus de danger est le gazoduc ETEL pour lequel des précautions d'urbanisation sont recommandées dans une bande de 500 m de part et d'autre de la canalisation. A titre d'information, le tracé de ce gazoduc ainsi que la bande de terrain soumise à un risque sont donnés dans la carte jointe. Le territoire touché ne concerne pas la commune de Veurey

                                                                                                                               

                                   

Page 22: Land use planning in the vicinity of dangerous installations

«Member states shall ensure that their land-use and/or other relevant policies and procedures for implementing those policies take account of the need, in the long term to maintain appropriate distances between establishments covered by this Directive and residential areas, buildings and areas of public use, major transportation routes as far as possible, recreational areas and areas of particular natural sensitivity or interest, and, in the case of existing establishments, of the need for additional technical measures so as not to increase the risks to people»

Directive 2003/105/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2003, amending Council Directive 96/82/EC on the control of major accident hazards involving dangerous substances