land resource inventorization of gujarat state: a road map

Land Resource Inventorization of Gujarat State: A Road Map

Dr. R P Sharma

Scientist

NBSS&LUP, Regional Centre, UDAIPUR

Task Force on Land and Soil ResourcesConstituted by Planning commission in Sept 1971

Task force submitted report in July 1972

TaskI-Small scale 1:1M soil map of India

TaskII- Inventory of soil & land use conditions and treatment needs

TaskIII- Detail soil surveys

TaskIV-Land resource maps

Dr. R P Sharma, Scientist, NBSS&LUP, Regional Centre, Udaipur-3130012

TaskIV-Land resource maps

TaskV- Aerial photo interpretations, Research and trainings

Interim report of National commission on Agriculture-1976

Preparation of soil maps of India on 1:1M sacle within 10 years

All development programmes in agriculture to be dependent on scientific knowledge of basic soil resources

Great necessity for preparing scientific inventory of soil resources of the country to form a basis for crop


resources of the country to form a basis for crop planning, intensive agriculture and number of non-farm activities

The programme of soil survey should include hydrological and erodibility groupings of recognized soils

Chronology of soil maps developedMaps Scale Author year

1. Soils of India 1:1 million NBSS&LUP 2002

2. Soils of India 1:7 million Govindrajan 1971

3. Soils of Different States 1:250,000 Murthy and Pandey 1983

4. Vertisol (black soils) map of India

1:2 million Sehgal et al. 1987


map of India

5. Soil Degradation map 1:4 million Sehgal et al. 1993

6. Agro-ecological region map

1:4 million

Agro-ecological sub-region map

1:4 million

Soil map on red and lateritic soils of India

1:4 million

Area & distribution of Soil groups in India

TGA of India 329 m ha (304* m ha)

No. of Topobases(1:250,000 scale)

394

No. of Satellite images 176

No. of field parties (NBSS&LUP and State agencies)

150

SoilOrders

Area 000ha

% of TGA

Vertisols 27960 8.52

Aridisols 14060 4.28

Ultisols 8250 2.51

Mollisols 1320 0.40


agencies)

Man power 1500

Period 1986-1996

No. of sample strips (1 strip = 5000 ha)

1860

No. of profiles 75400

No. of soil samples 99250

No. of soil associations (subgroups) mapped

1649

No. of soil orders 7

Alfisols 44448 13.55

Inceptisols 130372 39.74

Entisols 92131 28.08

Others Rocky land, rock outcropsGlaciers

9503 2.92

Introduction Land is the basic unit of all agricultural production

It is a scarce and in-expansible resource

Soil and water are the most valuable natural resources

Basic needs of food, feed and fibre for human beings

To be used very judiciously to meet the needs of growing population

NATIONAL BUREAU OF SOIL SURVEY AND LAND USE PLANNING, REGIONAL CENTRE: UNIVERSITY CAMPUS: UDAIPUR-313 001

population

For sustained quality of human life

For the foundation of agricultural development


What we can do?

Combine technologies, policies and activities aimed at integrating socioeconomic principles with environmental concerns

maintain or enhance production (productivity)

reduce the level of production risk (security)


reduce the level of production risk (security)

protect the potential of natural resources (protection) and prevent degradation of soil quality

be economically viable (viability)

socially acceptable


Topography

Interaction

INHERENT SOIL QUALITY resultingfrom natural soil forming processes and factors

Climate

Parent Materials

Time

Living Organisms

DYNAMIC SOIL QUALITY from changesdue to human use and management

Interaction

Fertilizer use

Drainage

Cropping History and Rotation

Cover Crops

Tillage

Land Use TypeDr. R P Sharma, Scientist, NBSS&LUP, Regional Centre, Udaipur-3130018

Soil & Water

Resources

Satisfy human Needs

Use according to their capacity to satisfy the

needs

Pressure on NR land degradation &

environmental pollution


Food Feed Fibre

Efficient management of resources

through Detailed soil studies

pollution


SURVEY INTENSITY, MAPPING SCALE AND KIND OF MAPS

KIND OF SURVEY RANGE OF SCALES OBSERVATIONS

Very High Intensity

(very detailed)

Larger than 1:10 000 Soil maps showing special features or phases of soil series

and occasionally soil complexes; detailed topographic maps

with spot heights; cadastral maps; groundwater maps; present

crops and vegetation etc.

High Intensity

(detailed)

1:10 000 to 1:25 000 Soil maps showing phases of soil series and soil complexes;

detailed topographic maps, groundwater maps, present land

use, etc.

Medium Intensity 1:25 000 to 1:100 000 Soil maps showing series or associations of series; land


Medium Intensity

(semi-detailed)

1:25 000 to 1:100 000 Soil maps showing series or associations of series; land

system maps, physiographic units, topographic contour maps,

present land use maps, etc.

Low Intensity

(reconnaissance)

1:100 000 to 1:250 000 Soil maps with associations and phases of Great Groups or

Subgroups; land system maps, physiographic or contour

maps, present land use, climatic zones, etc.

Exploratory 1:250 000 to 1:1 000 000 Land units of various kinds.

Syntheses Smaller than

1:1 000 000

Climatic maps, soil taxonomic maps, vegetation and land use,

physiographic and geomorphological maps, agro-ecological

zones, etc.


What is LRI

An evaluation of the suitability of land for alternative kinds of use requires a survey to define and map the land units together with the collection of descriptive data of land characteristics and resources.

Data collection is a time-consuming and costly activity, therefore, prior to field activities, members of a project


therefore, prior to field activities, members of a project team representing the different disciplines should meet to decide the responsibilities and cooperation needed in collecting and interpreting different kinds of data


Procedures for land resource inventory

General characterization of the project area

Topographic data

Soil survey data

Climatic and meteorological data

Water resources data


Water resources data

Drainage data

Present land use, vegetation and wildlife

Environmental health

Social and economic data


Rationalized Approach for data collection

Why are they needed?

By posing a few simple questions i.e.

What or which data are required?


Is the cost of their collection worthwhile?

Why are they needed?

Where or how can they be collected?


Two major categories of data and information

Sources:

Govt. depts: agriculture, lands, irrigation, meteorology, water resources, survey, geological

1. Data obtainable from existing sources can save valuable time in unnecessary survey or field


resources, survey, geological and hydro-geological survey, land reform, forestry, livestock, conservation, wildlife

Universities

Research stations, international and national

unnecessary survey or field studies

2. Data that must be collected during the course of the evaluation through surveys or investigations (including laboratory analysis of water and soil samples)


General characterization of the project area

-location and accessibility;- potential water supplies within or outside the project area;- main climatic characteristics;- relief (landforms) and major soil features;- population and population growth rate;- standard of living and social values;


- standard of living and social values;- basis of present economy;- economic infrastructure (e.g. roads, services, markets);- government subsidies;- size of farms or other land holdings;- land tenure systems;- traditional water rights;- political system and policies.


Stereoscopic examination of paired air photographs

Features readily identified

1. landforms (flood plains, terraces, residual uplands, dunes, etc.);

2. surface drainage patterns and systems; 3. erosional forms and eroded areas; 4. land use patterns and land use boundaries, roads, railways,

habitations, etc.;


habitations, etc.; 5. types of natural vegetation; 6. wet areas, including lakes, lagoons and swamps7. surface evidence of salt-affected soils; 8. rock outcrops; 9. tones (colour changes in colour photography) and patterns

which may reflect soil differences


Topographic data

Slope: Slope may affect the following factors: intended methods of irrigation, erodibility and erosivity, cropping pattern, mechanization problems, exposure to wind, etc.

Microrelief: minor surface undulations and irregularities of the land surface, with differences in height between crest

Macrorelief: Permanent topographic features where slopes


Macrorelief: Permanent topographic features where slopes change frequently in gradient and direction may influence the choice of irrigation method, field sizes and shape, and land development costs

Position in relation to command area and accessibility: The elevation and distance of the water source often affects the 'irrigable' land area in gravity schemes


Soil survey data: PHYSICAL Effective soil depth Root room, water and nutrient retention; land levelling; drainage;

aligning and design of irrigation and drainage channels

Grain size distribution (texture) For establishing homogeneity of land units and for deriving many

characteristics

Soil structure and porosity

Bulk density. Pore space volume

and distribution.

Root environment, nutrient, water and soil management. Drainage and

permeability especially of sodic soils. Leaching of excess salts. Tilth and

workability for seedbed and land preparation. Ability to puddle rice land.

Erodibility


Infiltration rate Rainfall and irrigation intake or run-off. Selection of irrigation method.

Furrow lengths or basin size. Sprinkler nozzle selection. Erodibility

Hydraulic conductivity or

permeability

Soil drainage, removal of excess water and salts

Available water capacity (field

capacity and permanent wilting

point)

Soil water balance, residual water between and following irrigations.

Choice of irrigation method and schedules

Plastic and liquid limits Indicative of mineralogy and physical behaviour

Soil strength, linear extensibility Mechanical strength for construction works; swelling and shrinking; root

penetration


Soil survey data: CHEMICAL Soil reaction (pH) : To identify very alkaline, sodic and acid sulphate soils; nutrient

deficiencies and toxicities.

Carbon and nitrogen : Organic matter content and management.

Gypsum and calcium carbonate : Hardpans, gypsiferous layers liable to subside, gypsum requirements for sodic soils.

Electrical conductivity of saturation extract (ECe) :Salinity hazard.

Soluble salts (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, SO4, CO3 and HCO3) : Interpretation of salinity hazard.

Cation exchange capacity (CEC), total exchangeable bases (TEB) and


Cation exchange capacity (CEC), total exchangeable bases (TEB) and base saturation % : Nutrient retention and chemical fertility status.

Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) or adjusted sodium adsorbtionratio of saturation extract (adj. SAR) : Sodicity or alkalinity problems.

Exchangeable cations (Na, K, Ca, Mg) : Base saturation, ESP, potassium status.

Available phosphorus

P, K, Mg, Na, Cu, Mn, Zn, B, Fe, Al, As, Ni, Cr : Macro and micronutrient content. Toxic elements.


Climatic and meteorological datacommonly required in land evaluation for irrigated agriculture and their uses

Radiation- net shortwave solar radiation- net longwave radiation- sunshine hours actual sunshine hours (n) daylength or maximum (N) sunshine hours

Temperature (air & ground) Monthly means of:- daily maximum- daily minimum

Pan evaporationActual crop evapotranspiration (e.g. from soil-water measurements, computations)

Precipitation and rainfallDaily precipitation for as long a period as possible.Annual mean and S.D.Monthly mean and S.D., etc.Rainfall intensity and erosivity


- daily minimum- daily meanWet and dry bulb temperatures a.m. and p.m.

Relative humidityMonthly means of:- daily a.m. vapour pressure- daily p.m. vapour pressure

EvapotranspirationReference crop ETo- monthly, 10-day, weekly or daily values from climatic data

Rainfall intensity and erosivityEffective precipitationSnow, dew

Wind speed and directionWeekly means of daily wind speedDaytime vs. nighttime ratios

Storm incidenceFrequency and intensity


Present land use, vegetation and wildlife

Existing vegetation and present land use may be important because of:

1. costs of clearing different kinds of vegetation

2. potential value of the vegetation, e.g. for forest and grazing;


3. presence of noxious weeds;

4. need to preserve vegetation for environmental, aesthetic reasons;

5. value of present agricultural production;

6. preferences for continuing present production on certain lands.


Social and economic dataA. PRESENT FARMING PRACTICES

1. Crops and varieties planted in the area: List of present LUTs, include cultivars classed as high yielding, modern, improved local, or traditional; cropping calendar (pre- & post-harvest)

2. Farm practices: Planting methods, fertilizer, organic manures, insecticides, herbicides, weeding; hand, animal or tractor power; land preparation, mechanization, changes in practices

3. Existing irrigation and drainage: Types of irrigation systems; periods of water 3. Existing irrigation and drainage: Types of irrigation systems; periods of water availability, persons or authorities controlling water allocation; drainage adequacy; water use

4. Input-output data: Costs of all inputs, yields and value of produce whether used for subsistence, barter or cash sales; crop disposal

5. Land tenure, farm sizes, land values, water rights: Land tenure, leased and shared cropped land, titles to land and water, fragmentation, social contexts, land sales, land prices


A. PRESENT FARMING Conti……6. Credit and loans: Amounts borrowed, who borrowed from whom, credit

for personal or farming use, in cash or kind, duration of loan, terms of repayment or interest rate, level of indebtedness, future access to loans

7. Household size and income: Farm family size and age distribution, employment on and off the farm; sources of income; changes in income

8. Farm labour and employment, farm power: Family labour, hired labour, labour costs; influence of labour, power and water on land preparation,


labour costs; influence of labour, power and water on land preparation, seasonal practices; peak labour requirements changes

9. Production and marketing problems: Obtaining seed, fertilizer or chemicals, credit, water (domestic, irrigation); pests and diseases, weeds, harvesting, threshing, drying, storage, selling, processing, others; markets


B. INFRASTRUCTURAL1. Transportation: Roads and waterways; availability of buses, trucks,

carts, boats, and other modes of transportation; railroads, quality of roads - paved or not; year-round use, etc.

2. Storage, processing and marketing facilities: Types that serve the villages in project area; driers, milling capacity, local weights and measures, milling outputs etc.

3. Banks and other credit facilities4. Other government facilities for production: Research and


4. Other government facilities for production: Research and experimental stations; demonstration trials; extension services

5. Schools, clinics, postal services and others6. Communications media: Press, radio, and other forms of mass

media, extent of news of direct relevance to farmers, markets news service

7. Electricity8. Domestic water supplies


C. THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT1. Prices: Prices of major produce,

differences between cultivars, seasonal and annual variations; prices at nearest dealer or cooperative for fertilizer and other major inputs; data on price differentials between local and major markets

2. Wages: Wage rates; systems of wage

6. Land prices: Average, for major land types; changes over time

7. Irrigation costs: Government irrigation fees and normal collection rates; normal cost of private irrigation systems, if any

8. Seed or planting material: Availability, source, quality, and prices


2. Wages: Wage rates; systems of wage payment; changes over time

3. Interest: Rates usually paid on loans from different sources; changes over time

4. Rent: Rates per season, year, and others; in cash or kind; fixed or shared; changes over time

5. Taxes: Types and totals

source, quality, and prices

9. Power: Typical farm power requirement and investment for land preparation, also rental rates for tractor and animal services

10. Incomes


D. DEMOGRAPHIC AND LAND USE1. Village populations: Total, and percentage changes in last 10 years; main

sources of livelihood, farming and non-farming

2. Other census data: Religion, ethnic group, castes, and others

3. Village settlement pattern: Along road, with house gardens, cluster, isolated, etc.



E. INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS1. Farmers' organizations: Cooperatives, farmer associations and similar

bodies; other types of joint or group activities, changes over time

2. Brief description of the way new crops, varieties and methods of management were introduced into the area

3. Extension services: Number of agencies that provide services; quantity and quality of services; main complaints of farmers

4. Special government programmes: Land reform, land consolidation, crash


4. Special government programmes: Land reform, land consolidation, crash programmes, and others

5. Leadership in agriculturally relevant activities

6. Attitudes and values affecting development: Change in the size and cost of ceremonies; evaluation as to whether farming is a preferred occupation and similar assessments


F. THE NATIONAL POLICY FRAMEWORK

1. Aims of national policy for crops and irrigation

2. Policy measures: Price policies, input and output; restrictions on input and output marketing, if any; package programmes, etc.; income and employment policies - income redistribution, access to land resources, etc.

3. Importance of new crops and irrigation in the context of national goals



What NBSS&LUP has done

Mapped soil resource data of Gujarat state on 1: 250,000 scale

The state covers an area of 19.6 m ha (6% TGA of India)

It is comprised with 33 districts and 248 Talukas

The soil mapping units, including rock outcrops, cover 86.4


The soil mapping units, including rock outcrops, cover 86.4 %

The Rann of Kachchh covers 11 %


The soils of Gujarat state belong to

5 Orders,

11 Suborders,

20 Greatgroups,

Among these Soil Orders

Inceptisols-51 %

Entisols-13.8%

Aridisols-10.6%

Vertisols -8.9%

Vertisols 10%

Alfisols1%

Rock outcrops

2%

Soil taxonomy of Gujarat


20 Greatgroups,

45 Subgroups,

124 Families

145 soil series

Vertisols -8.9%

Alfisols-0.6 %

Rock outcrops-1.8%Inceptisols

59%Entisols16%

Aridisols12%


Major Outputs of 1:250,000 maps

8.1 m ha (41.5 percent of TGA) in Gujarat is affected by various soil degradation problems mainly by human-intervention

The most serious problem is water erosion, causing loss of top soil and/or terrain deformation, and has affected 5.2 m ha (2.3 percent of the TGA).


percent of the TGA).

Salinity alone and in combination with water/wind erosion and flooding has been found to affect 2.5 m ha (12.7 percent) area.

The area not fit for agriculture, including rock outcrops and Rann/salt flat, accounts for 1.8 and 11.0 percent of the TGA.


Economy of Gujarat

Gujarat has a pride place in the Indian economy It is one of those States of India where economy has always

performed better than the national average It has limited mineral base and water resource Despite these limitations, the entrepreneurial nature of the people

participation in development efforts has contributed significantly to rapid economic growth.


rapid economic growth. Main sources of growth in Gujarat’s agriculture are:

I. Cotton output soared from 3.05 million bales (of 170 kg each) in 2002-03 to 11.2 million bales in 2007-08, primarily driven by Bt cotton since 2002.

II. The rapid growth of the high value segment, i.e., livestock, fruits & vegetables.

III. The third main source of growth comes from wheat with average annual growth rate of 28%.


Major CropsCotton, groundnut, wheat, Bajra, rice, maize, mustard, sesame, pigeon pea, green gram, gram, sugarcane

Gujarat is the largest producer of castor, tobacco, Isabgul(Psyllium)

Second largest producer of sesame seeds, cotton and groundnut


Second largest producer of sesame seeds, cotton and groundnut in the country

Gujarat has highest productivity in, mustard, castor and cotton Second highest productivity in groundnut and Bajra


Horticulture

Major horticultural crops:

Fruits: Mango, Banana, Sapota, Lime, Guava,

Vegetables: Tomato, Potato, Onion,

Seed spices: Cumin, Garlic, Isabgul, Fennel

Gujarat has highest productivity: Guava, Potato, Onion, Cumin and Fennel


and Fennel


PLUS points for Gujarat

1600 Km long coastal belt

Diversified Crops and Cropping systems

Climatic diversities

Biodiversities

Good transport facilities -- PORTS & AIRPORTS


Strong Agri Marketing system, Agro based Industries & Co-operatives

Enterprising Farmers having business instincts

Geographical Location


Constraints Drought prone areas & arid areas forms more then 50 % of state

Soil erosion is increasing due to advancement of desert land, deforestation

Depletion of water table

Sea water ingress

Deterioration of soil and water conditions due to salinity ingress

Irregular rain pattern affecting productivity in agriculture


Irregular rain pattern affecting productivity in agriculture

Agriculture affected due to recurrent droughts

Low productivity of local livestock breeds

Inadequate fodder resources

Poor R & D facilities for marine resources

Inadequate trained human resource for modern agricultural research and education


GOVT of Gujarat FUTURE PLANGOVT of Gujarat FUTURE PLAN

The taluka level plan will be based on

Soil health analysis

Rainfall pattern

Soil depth analysis (data source BISAG)

Market research - data of average price of various crops of last five years


Market research - data of average price of various crops of last five years


Existing LRI Programme in the StateLand Resource Inventory of the NICRA Village (Patameghpar) in

Jamnagar District, Gujarat PI: Dr. R. P. Sharma, COPI: Dr. T. P. Verma


Location of theVillageBetween 22013’14.47’’ to 22016’9.618’’ N latitude and70029’16.755’’ to 70032’59.216’’ E longitudeElevation of 21 m above MSL.


Objectives of LRI in Gujarat 1. Detailed characterization and mapping of the cultivable/arable land

resources at village level of Gujarat.

2. Identification of waste and degraded lands, their extent and distribution at village level.

3. Identification of constraints affecting crop production and land utilization at village and watershed level

4. Evaluating the available land resources for existing, promising and alternate land uses.alternate land uses.

5. Evolving location-specific cropping pattens and farming systems that is reflective of the prevailing natural resource endowments of the area.

6. To provide the required base line information, very essential and basic for the effective implementation, monitoring and evaluation of various developmental schemes at different levels of Gujarat state.

7. Identifying Benchmark sites and hot spots in different Agro-ecosystems for periodical monitoring the state of health of the natural resources.


Methodology of Soil Resource Mapping in Gujarat

GEOCODED FCCAncillary dataSOI toposheetSRM maps of the areaGeologyOther collateral information

Interpretations

Physiography map

Map superimposition

Composite map

Ground truth collection

Land use land cover map

SOI Toposheet(1:10000/50000)

Slope map

Validation of image interpretation unitTransect/ toposequence study


Ground truth collection

Physiography soil relationship

Soil correlation

Soil map preparation

Map validation

Final soil map

Database preparation

Thematic maps

Soil analysis

Transect/ toposequence study Random field checking

Checking of soil boundariesSoil accuracy assessment

District wise information on TGA, arable land, irrigated land, and cost of survey of rain fed and irrigated districts of GUJARAT

Sr. No. Name of District

Reporting area for land utilization statistics

Fallow land

Net area sown

Other uncultivated land excluding fallow land (permanent pasture + culturablewaste land)

Arable Land (D+E+F)

% irrigated area

category

Cost of Survey (Crore Rs)

A B C D E F G H I J

1 Ahmedabad 774800 22300 563700 50700 586000 35.0 IR 10.82

2 Amreli 739200 8500 560000 65000 568500 22.5 RF 10.77

3 Anand 294700 4200 197100 24300 201300 100.0 IR 3.84

4 Banas Kantha 1044900 23500 747100 80100 770600 54.2 IR 14.46

5 Baruch 524700 40500 318400 49300 358900 30.6 IR 6.94

6 Bhavnagar 858000 47200 541400 84600 588600 35.9 IR 11.44

7 Dahod 371200 6300 217700 12100 224000 28.0 RF 4.01

8 Dangs 228200 0 55800 0 55800 1.8 RF 0.95

9 Gandhinagar 215900 5500 168500 15800 174000 61.5 IR 3.239 Gandhinagar 215900 5500 168500 15800 174000 61.5 IR 3.23

10 Jamnagar 1020300 27700 616400 107100 644100 23.6 RF 12.77

11 Junagarh 880200 7500 544300 96900 551800 44.5 IR 11.03

12 Kachchh 4565200 123900 641300 1733400 765200 18.7 RF 42.48

13 Kheda 394400 9300 313000 16600 322300 66.1 IR 5.76

14 Mahesana 439200 8200 358100 30400 366300 59.2 IR 6.74

15 Narmada 280100 4400 109900 11700 114300 35.4 IR 2.14

16 Navsari 220100 1600 137100 19500 138700 63.1 IR 2.69

17 Panch Mahals 513800 26900 280700 26200 307600 17.2 RF 5.67

18 Patan 566800 25000 391000 43300 416000 27.8 RF 7.81

19 Porbander 229500 7000 137100 29500 144100 22.3 RF 2.95

20 Rajkot 1107400 27200 767700 101600 794900 35.6 IR 15.24

21 Sabarkantha 729800 20500 458200 47100 478700 37.5 IR 8.94

22 Surat 431100 10900 286000 47900 296900 84.0 IR 5.86

23 Surendranagar 1045800 47600 709100 60800 756700 22.5 RF 13.90

24 Tapi 343500 600 162400 13700 163000 0.0 RF 3.00

25 Vadodra 752800 15400 526100 390000 541500 39.4 IR 15.84

26 Valsad 294400 6900 157700 8400 164600 41.7 IR 2.94

Gujarat 18866000 528600 9965800 3166000 10494400 232.23


Arable Land in state

Name of nodal centre NBSS&LUP, Regional Centre, Udaipur

State to be undertaken for LRI study Gujarat

Total Geographical Area (ha) 18866000

Arable land (ha) (actually to be surveyed) 10494400Arable land (ha) (actually to be surveyed) 10494400

No. of districts in states 33

No. of Taluka in state 248

No. of villages in state 18800

Total no.of pedons @ 3 each village 56400


Plan of Work

Director NBSS&LUP, Nagpur and Head, NBSS&LUP, Regional Centre, Udaipur hold a meeting with officials of state government of Gujarat in Gandhinagar

Discussed the issues related to Land Resource Inventorization (LRI) of the state.

Gujarat Govt. had agreed to support the Bureau for LRI study. Gujarat Govt. had agreed to support the Bureau for LRI study.

According to this agreement, BISAG, Department of Science & Technology, Government of Gujarat will provide digital remote sensing data base, digitized cadastral maps at village level,

BISAG will carry out most of the RS&GIS based work in Gandhinagar.


Plan of Work Conti……

Govt. of Gujarat has Kishan Mitra at village level in whole state.

These Kishan Mitra, spread all over the state will dig three pedons in each village keeping the physiography-soil relationship in view.

Kishan Mitra will also collect the soil samples at specified depth i.e.0-20, 20-50, 50-100, >100cm.

These soil samples will reach NBSS&LUP, Udaipur for further These soil samples will reach NBSS&LUP, Udaipur for further processing and analysis.

Bureau will pay an honorarium to Kishan Mitra @ Rs. 300/-pedon.



ATMA officials have also agreed to support in this LRI study.

Bureau will also pay them honorarium @ Rs. 200/- per village.

The NBSS&LUP, Regional Centre, Udaipur will train the Kishan Mitrabefore starting the soil sampling programme using video conferencing techniques.

Bureau will generate a video film on “Techniques of soil survey Bureau will generate a video film on “Techniques of soil survey and sampling”.

It will telecast through video conferencing mode from BISAG, Gandhinagar in Gujarati/Hindi/English language.

Later on the Kishan Mitra will proceed for soil sampling programme.



A face to field training programme will be arranged for ATMA officials representing from each Taluka of Gujarat state. It will be arranged at NBSS&LUP, Udaipur.

Simultaneously, Soil survey teams will also proceed from NBSS&LUP, Udaipur to monitor the soil survey work by KishanMitra.

Bureau will also conduct the soil survey in parallel to Kishan Mitra Bureau will also conduct the soil survey in parallel to Kishan Mitrafor grouping of similar soils on the basis of homogeneity and heterogeneity concept.

Finally, the bureau will establish the soil series at 1:10,000 scales and generate the maps in the state.


Estimated BudgetRecurring

Item @ Estimated cost(Rs in Lakhs)

Cost of pedon digging @ Rs. 300 per pedon

56400*300 169.2

Honararium to ATMA person @ Rs. 200 per village

18800*200 37.6

Labour-for field work 100.0

Transport-vehicle 100.0

Travel (TA+ DA cost) 100.0

Labour for soil processing 50.0

JRF,SRF salary 100.0

Chemicals and Glass wares 100.0

Stationeries 100.0


Non-Recurring

Item @ Estimated cost(Rs in Lakhs)

Video film production and telecast 50.0

Training to ATMA officials 100.0

Field camp modernization 100.0

Laboratory equipments 200.0

Digital camera/video camera 50.0

Work stations and accessories 200.0

Vehicle hiring charges(sample collection/transportation)

30.0

Report writing and printing maps 100.0

Total Rs in Lakhs 1686.8


land resource inventorization of gujarat state: a road map

Education