LABORATORY SAFETY RULES

1. Understand the instructions before you start the investigation.2. Do not eat or drink in a laboratory3. Do not enter a laboratory without the teacher’ permission.4. Wash all the apparatus after use.5. Do not run about or play in a laboratory.6. Do not test anything without the teacher’s instruction7. Report any breakage of apparatus or accident to the teacher immediately.8. Check the label on the container to make sure that you are using the correct chemical

Test tube Test tube rackTest tube holder

BeakerFilter Funnel

BurettePippete

Gas jar

Bunsen burner

Retort stand

Clamp

Tripod stand

Evaporating dishspatula

Wire gauze

Conical flask

measuring cylinder

Laboratory apparatus

PMR 2012

Vernier caliper

Micrometer screw gauge

Pipette - volume 5, 15, 20,25 ml

Burette- Volume 50 cm3

poisonous• Alcoh

ol

Sodium , hydrogen

Concentrated acid or alkali• Mercury

• Chlorofom ,• bromine vapour

• Uranium,• plutonium

HAZARD WARNING SYMBOLS

Scientific investigation

Continue……

iii. State the relationship between the time taken for the Blanket to dry and the surface area of the blanket.………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………….

• Investigation what affects the swing of a pendulumApparatus and MaterialsMetal bob, string, Meter rule, retot stand and stopwatch.

Determining

Does the length of pendulum affect the swing of the pendulum.

Planning the experiment1.Displace the metal bob through the small angel and let it go and start

• the stop watch.2. Stop the stopwatch after 20 complete swing3.Record the time. 4.Repeat steps above by using different length

• Observation Length(cm)

Time for 20 complete swing

20

40

6080

Conclusion

1.Pendulum has takes a longer time when the string is longer and takes a short times when string is shorter

2.Pendulum is faster when string is shorter

Y X

One complete swing

PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND THEIR UNITS

1. We measure these quantities in SI units. SI means International of system

2. Five basic quantities and their SI units

Temperature units

0 C = 273 K37 C = 310K100 C = 373K

Basic quantities (symbol) SI units (symbol)Length Mass

Time Temperature Electric current

Meter (m)

Kilogram (kg)

Second (s)

Kelvin (K)

Ampere ( A )

Weight Newton (N)

DAY DATE

weight mass

Definition Unit SI

Instrument to measure

Pull of the Earth / gravity Quantity of matter

Newton (N) Kilogram (Kg)

Spring balance

Triple beam balance

level balanceElectronik balance

THE CONCEPT OF WEIGHT AND MASS

What is the different between weight and mass

DAY DATE

Object Mass Weight

A

B

rubber

Watch

pen

Precaution :

ActivityMeasuring the weight and the mass of some objectsAppratus and Materials : Triple –beam balance, Spring balance, weight of 10 g,20 g,

and any object in laboratory.Procedure :1.Put a 10 g weight on a triple –beam balance to measure its mass.2. Repeat step 1 with other weight and object 3. Measure the weight of all the weight and object with spring balance .

Record your result in the table

Use only suitable objects so that you do not damage the spring balance

Conclution :

level balance

DAY DATE

Figure 1.10 figure 1.11

figure 1.12

straight line

Procedure

1. Look at your meter rulea. How many centimeters(cm) in 1 meter (m)b. How many milimeters (mm) are there in 1 centimeters (cm)C.How many milimeters (mm) are there in 1meter (m)

2. How long is PQ in cm and mm ( Figure 1.11 ) a. PQ in cm b. PQ in mm

3. Which Eye position gives you an accurate reading (figure 1.12)

MEASURING LENGTHS

A. Investigating the relationship between units of lengthB. Learning the correct method of taking reading from the scale of a meter rule

Apparatus and materials: Meter rule

DATE :

Measuring the lengths of straight lines by using a ruler

Apparatus and Materials : Meter rule

Perocedure :

1.Mesure the length of straight line in figure 1.13. 2.Record your measurements in the table below

A B

C

Figure 1.13

Straight line

Length

Milimeter (mm) Centimeter (cm) Meter (m)

AB

C

DATE :

3.Measuring the length and the width of your table , length and width of the blackboard

Quantities

Measurement 1

Measurement 2

Measurement 3 Average

Table LengthWidth

Black board

LengthWidth

4.Repeat your measurement and get the average reading . Why do you need the average reading?

DAY DATE

Activity: Measure the length of a curved line

Apparatus and materials : 20 cm thread and ruler

Procedure1. Make a knot at one of the thread

2. Put the knot on one end of the curved line.3. Trace the thread on the curved until it reaches the other end of the line

4. Measure the length of the thread5.Record the measurement in a table

Curved line

Length 1 Length 2 Length 3 Average

A B

P Q

DATE :

DAY DATE

Activity:Measuring diameter by using calipers and ruler

Apparatus and Materials : Internal calipers, external calipers , ruler, test tube ,beakers 100 ml and 200 ml.

Procedure : 1. Open the arms of external calipers. Then close the arms until touch the

wall of the test tube. 2.Remove the calipers slowly and measure using the ruler.

3. By the using the same method. Measure the external diameter beakers 100ml and 250ml

4. Repeat your measurement using the internal calipers 5. Record all of your measurementexternal calipers internal calipers

DAY: DATE:

External Diameter Internal DiameterApparatus

Reading 1

Reading 2

Average Reading 1

Reading 2

Average

Test tube

Beakers 100mlBeakers250ml

DAY DATE

MEASURING AREA a. Measuring the area of a regular shape

b. Measuring the area of an irregular shape

Procedure:1.Look at the square ABCD and PQRS and the rectangle WXYZ ( figure 1.21 in teks book)

a. What is area, in square milimeter (mm ) , of a small square in ABCD?b.What is the total area of all the small square inside ABCD in

i. Square milimeter (mm ) ? ii. Square centimeter (cm )?

c.How many square of ABCD can we put into PQRS?d.What is the area of PQRS in i. Square milimeter (mm )? ii. Square centimeter (cm )?

e. How many square of ABCD can we put into WXYZ?f. What is the area of WXYZ in i.Square milimeter (mm )? Ii.Square centimeter (cm )?

2

DAY

2.Put the leaf on a piece of graph paper. Trace its shape onto the graph paper.

3.Tick ( ) each square that is shape of the leaf. And also tick ( ) the square half covered by

the leaf i. How many tick ( ) did you make?

Ii. Can you estimate the area of the leaf?

C. MEASURING VOLUME 1. We use measuring cylinders, burettes and pipettes to measure volume

2. Volume of liquid in millimeter (ml) and centimeter (cm )

Measuring the volume of liquid with a measuring cylinders

Apparatus and materialsMeasuring cylinders, test tube, white paper and beakers of different volumes

Procedure1. pour some water into measuring cylinders and look at the surface of the water

a. if the surface of the water curved or flat? b. Which is the correct eye position when taking a reading

c. what is the volume of the water2. Pour the water in the test tube into the measuring cylinders. Record you result

3. Repeat step 2 using water in the beakers.4. Record all the reading in the table

3

white paper

Activity

DAY DATE:

subtance Volume (unit)Test tube 1Test tube 2Beakers ABeakers B

DAY DATE

Measuring the volume of liquid with a pipette

Apparatus pipette, conical flask, suction pump , coloured water and beakers

Procedure1.Look at scale on a pipette

i. What is the maximun volume that the pipette can measure? ii. Where is the position of the zero mark?

2.Fill a conical flask with some coloured water. Dip the tip of the pipette into the coloured water.

3. Using the suction pump, suck out the coloured water until it reached it the zero mark.

Place the tip of the pipette into empty beakers. Let the coloured water flow out of the pipette

DAY: DATE

suction pump

Press

PressPress

Press

Press

Water out

HOW TO USE TE SUCTION PUMP

Measuring the volume of liquid with a burette

apparatusBurette, retort stand, beaker, filter funnel

Procedure1.Look at the burette

i. What the maximun volume that the burette can measure?ii. Where is the zero mark?

2.Clamp the burette to the retort stand.3.Put the filter funnel into the mouth of the burette.

4.Pour some water until the water level to the zero mark5.Place the empty beaker below the burette

6.Turn the burette tap to release the water.When the water nears a level 20ml turn of the tap

7.Turn on the tap slowly to let the water drop by drop . Turn off the tap when the water level reaches 20ml

8.Repeat to get 15ml, 10ml, 5ml of water.

DAY:

clamp

Measuring the volume of an irregular and regular shaped solid by the water displacement method

Apparatus100ml measuring cylinder, thread, a small stone, big stone,

Procedure a. Volume of an irregular shaped solid1. Pour 50 ml of water into measuring cylinder.

2.Tie a small stone with a thread and lower into measuring cylinder 3.record the new water level

i. What is the volume of the water displaced by the stone? Ii. What is the volume of the stone

4.Find out the volume of other irregular shape5.Record your result

solid volume Volume of water displacement

Volume of solid

Water Water + solid

Small stone

Big stone

plasticine

DAY Teusday DATE:

Ingat

Mu

Pondan

Cantik

Comel

Aku

Minat

weh

Penutup

2. Tasbih Kifarah.

1. Baca Surah Al-`Ashr