laboratory and workshop handbook

8/2/2019 Laboratory and Workshop Handbook

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3rd edition August 1, 2010


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Laboratory andworkshop

3rd edition, August 1, 2010


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NTNU, HSE Department

SINTEF, HSE Section

July 2010

Designed and printed by: Tapir Uttrykk, TrondheimPaper: Edixion

344 044

MILJMERKET


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As the executive leaders of NTNU and SINTEF, it is our

responsibility to ensure that all personnel who work with

us and on our premises enjoy a healthy and safe working

environment. HSE matters involve leadership and personal

responsibility. A duty towards our personal safety, health and

environment, and towards those of our colleagues.

We have now entered into HSE coordination agreements for

all our joint laboratories and workshops. A joint laboratory andworkshop handbook represents a new milestone in our efforts

to raise the prole of HSE-related activities at SINTEF and

NTNU.

We encourage you to make yourself familiar with the contents

of the handbook, and to make an active contribution towardscreating safe workplaces in our respective organisations. Good

luck and thank you for your help!

Trondheim, 1 July 2010

Unni Steinsmo

Konsernsjef

SINTEF

Torbjrn Digernes

Rektor

NTNU


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HSE-related activities in laboratoriesand workshopsHSE-related work is governed by the currently applicable

legislative Acts and regulations, in combination with local

guidelines and provisions. The laboratory and workshop

handbook applies to all divisions, and is incorporated as

part of the core HSE systems.

The handbook is jointly applicable to both SINTEF and NTNU.

It contains general HSE provisions that apply in all laboratories

and workshops.

For NTNU

The HSE handbook with guidelines and forms for

downloading can be found at NTNUs central HSE website at

www.ntnu.no/hms

Local divisional procedures.

In addition, the divisions may supplement the handbook with locally

prepared procedures, instructions or HSE documents. These are

published locally on the divisions HSE website.

For SINTEF

Local procedures and routines are governed by the HSE

Management System and the Laboratory Handbook Skala

A revision shall be carried out once every two years. The HSE

Department at NTNU and the HSE Section at SINTEF carry out

revisions in collaboration with the divisions.


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ContentsPage

1 HSE responsibilities and tasks 11

1.1 Line managers HSE responsibilities and tasks 131.2 Employees and students HSE responsibilities

and tasks 14

1.3 Responsibility for safeguarding safety and health

during the planning and implementation of

work tasks 15

2 General remarks regarding safety in laboratories

and workshops 17

2.1 General safety provisions 19

2.2 Training requirements 20

2.3 Operational instructions and training for complex/

hazardous apparatus 21

2.4 Ancillary personnel in laboratories or workshops 212.5 Fieldwork, cruises, inspections, excursions 24

3 Protective equipment and hazard signage 25

3.1 General provisions related to protective

equipment and hazard signage 27

3.2 Personal protective equipment 283.3 Room safety information card 31

3.4 Apparatus safety card 31

3.5 Safety information card 32

3.6 Experiment in progress 32

4 First aid and dealing with accidents 33


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5 Fire 39

5.1 General provisions in the event of re 41

5.2 Evacuation in response to re alarms 42

5.3 Extinguishing res 42

6 Equipment and technical aids 45

6.1 General safety provisions related to equipment

and machines 47

6.2 Fume cupboards 48

6.3 LAF benches/Safety benches 50

6.4 Hot work 536.5 High-pressure apparatus 54

6.6 Glass apparatus subjected to high pressures or

a vacuum 55

6.7 Laboratory experiments involving electricity 56

7 Chemicals and hazardous substances 597.1 General safety provisions related to chemicals

and hazardous substances 61

7.2 Storage requirements 62

7.3 Handling of corrosive, inammable, explosive

substances and gases 63

7.4 Safety Data Sheets chemical substances index 68

7.5 Preparatory work and purchasing 70

7.6 General remarks regarding the handling of

hazardous waste 71

7.7 Waste fractions chemicals and hazardous

substances 71

7.8 Disposal and declaration of liquid chemicals and

substances belonging to standard categories 74

7.9 Disposal and declaration of solid and liquid waste


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that falls outside the standard categories 75

7.10 Hazard symbols 76

8 Special HSE guidelines 81

8.1 Work arrangements for pregnant and

breast-feeding women 83

8.2 Organisation of the ergonomic environment 85

9 Risk assessment 87

9.1 General remarks regarding risk assessment 89

9.2 Construction and operation of research andteaching equipment 94

10 Biological agents 95

10.1 Denition of biological agents 97

10.2 Risk groups 98

10.3 Prior to working with biological agents 9910.4 Personal protective equipment 99

10.5 Handling and storage 100

10.6 Disinfection 101

10.7 Destruction/disposal 103

10.8 Work in animal testing departments 103

10.9 Contained use of genetically modied

microorganisms 104

11 Radiation protection 105

11.1 Radioactive sources 107

11.2 Prior to the commencement of work 108

11.3 Sources of ionising radiation 109

11.4 Non-ionising radiation 110

11.5 UVC sources 111


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12 Special considerations related to gloves 113

12.1 Work during which the hands must be protected 115

12.2 Labelling of gloves 115

12.3 Selection of gloves 120

12.4 Use and maintenance of gloves 124

12.5 Side-effects of using of gloves 126


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HSE RESPONSIBILITIES

AND TASKS


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1.1 Line managers HSE responsibilities and tasks

HSE is the responsibility of management, and individual

managers shall ensure that:

all HSE provisions are made known to, and are adhered to by

employees, contracted personnel, visitors and students.

essential local guidelines and procedures are prepared.

training is documented locally within the divisions.

notications are reported in compliance with contingency

plans, and that incidents of non-conformance are reported

and followed up with preventive measures.

a person is appointed with responsibility for each laboratory/

workshop and that local safety provisions are prepared in

connection with the work to be carried out in the laboratory/

workshop in question. protective equipment is readily avai-

lable and is used, that dangerous machines/equipment are

tted with the necessary protective devices, and that training

is given to employees and students.

risk assessments are carried out; prior to the use of new

chemicals, apparatus or experimental assemblies, and prior

to the commencement of eldwork, new experiments and

tests.

Safety Data Sheets are readily available and updated. working alone outside normal working hours is only

permitted after a prior risk assessment has been carried out.

targeted health checks are carried out as appropriate in

collaboration with the HSE department/section in question.

all personnel are made aware of rst aid and re regulations


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1.2 Employees and students HSE responsibilitiesand tasks

Employees and students must:

make themselves familiar with, and adhere to, all HSE requi-rements incorporated in the HSE system.

plan and carry out their own work in such a manner as to

avoid needless danger to human health and the environment.

use prescribed and essential protective equipment ap-

propriate to the work to be carried out. Refer to the chapter

Personal protective equipment and hazard signage keep the workplace tidy

participate in essential training

notify management of all incidents of non-conformance,

together with circumstances they consider to be hazardous.

In addition, complete a non-conformance form.

The health and safety representatives are responsible for

safeguarding the employees interests.

The students faculty representatives are responsible for

safeguarding the students interests. The health and safety and

student representatives have no formal responsibility in respect

of HSE, but have a supervisory role ensuring that HSE issues

related to the employees and students are safeguarded.

The HSE department/section can assist the divisions with HSE-

related activities.


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1.3 Responsibility for safeguarding safety and healthduring the planning and implementation ofwork tasks

Employees whose task it is to lead or supervise other employeesare responsible for ensuring that due care and attention is paid to

safety and health issues during the planning and implementation

of work tasks that come within the eld of their responsibility.

Such employees include; tutors, laboratory managers, workshop

managers, eldwork leaders and such like.


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2

GENERAL REMARKSREGARDING SAFETY

IN LABORATORIESAND WORKSHOPS


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2.1 General safety provisions

All personnel who either work in, or visit, the premises must

make themselves familiar with local safety provisions, room

safety information and safety information cards, the locationand use of alarms, re extinguishers, rst aid equipment and

evacuation routes

Protective equipment and protective devices must be used in

compliance with regulations, and appropriately as required

by the work being carried out in the laboratory/workshopin question. If in doubt, contact the person responsible for

the laboratory/workshop in question. Information regarding

the type of prescribed protective equipment will be given by

means of notices and signs.

Updated Safety Data Sheets must be made readily available.

Training must be provided prior to the commencement ofwork.

Always respond to alarms

An evaluation shall be made of potential hazards and

protective measures related to the substances and

apparatus/equipment which will be used (risk assessment).

Personnel must make themselves familiar with the

procedures for dealing with spillages.

A risk assessment of laboratories, workshops and equipment

must be carried out in compliance with local procedures and

circumstances.

Do not eat or drink in the laboratories.

All personnel have a duty to report incidents of non-conformance,

including incidents of damage to equipment and tools


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2.2 Training requirements

Prior to the commencement of work, employees and students

must be given essential training in the following areas:

currently applicable statutory regulations and safety provisions

the use of equipment (apparatus, machines or tools) which

requires special qualications.

the use of protective equipment, protective devices, alarms

and emergency switches.

re extinguishing rst aid

use of the chemical substances index and Safety Data Sheets.

non-conformance reporting

NB! Special attention must be focused on the training of

overseas employees/students.

rst aid courses and re drills must be carried out on a

regular basis

If you have any questions about training, refer to the central

HSE websites:

NTNU: www.ntnu.no/hms/opplaring

SINTEF: Skala


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2.3 Operational instructions and training for complex/hazardous apparatus

In situations involving complex/hazardous apparatus, a set

of operational instructions must be prepared based on a riskassessment and evaluation of essential preventive measures.

The HSE Manager or person responsible for the laboratory/

workshop in question will decide as to whether this is

necessary. At the same time, the mandatory training required

prior to use of the apparatus must be specied in writing.

Examples of such requirements are as follows:

Make yourself familiar with the operating instructions

Operate the apparatus for a given number of times under

supervision.

Attend courses in rst aid and re extinguishing.

Put on and adjust your gas mask quickly.

Where written operating instructions exist, the operator must

acknowledge by receipt that training has been provided and that

the instructions are understood. The equipment folder must

contain a list of the operators who have received training and

are thus qualied.

2.4 Ancillary personnel in laboratories or workshops

Ancillary personnel must be briefed on the hazards present,

and safety measures taken, within their own areas of

responsibility. Briengs must be given to new employees and


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cleaning staff as soon as possible by the person responsible for

the laboratory/workshop in question.

Ancillary electrical personnel must attend a rst aid course

and an annual refresher course in the legislative Regulations

governing safety in connection with work involving, and the

operation of, electrical appliances, if they have access to

laboratories where electrical experiments governed by said

regulations are carried out.

The Technical Division must notify the institutes of any changes

in cleaning staff on the premises/in the departments of the

institute in question.

Ancillary staff must be made familiar with:

The location of rst aid cabinets, re extinguishers, emergency

exits, eye-rinse bottles, emergency showers, and the name of theperson responsible for the laboratory/workshop in question.

General instructions:

Gloves must be worn when cleaning laboratories and

workshops. The gloves must be made of materials

appropriate to the activities being carried out in thelaboratory or workshop in question

Clean only cleared benches and other workplaces.

Apparatus and equipment must not be moved

Fume cupboards must be regarded as laboratory equipment

and must not be cleaned by cleaning staff

These instructions must be posted on all broom cupboards.


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In the event of spillage:

Ancillary personnel must not clean away chemical spillages

or broken glass, even if they are themselves responsible for

the spillage/breakage

Any mess or spillage must be reported to the person

responsible at the institute in question (ref. the room safety

information card)

First aid in the event of spillage of chemicals and hazardous

substances:

An employee of the institute/division (preferably the person

responsible for the laboratory/workshop in question) must be

contacted in the event of a spillage onto clothes or skin

In the event of spillage onto the skin:

First rinse with cold water.

Wash thoroughly with lukewarm water and soap.

In the event of splashing into the eyes:

Rinse thoroughly with bottled eye-rinsing solution or with tap

water.. Use eye showers tted to the tap, as appropriate.

Contact a doctor and continue to rinse the eyes from bottles

during transport to the doctor. Take the Safety Data Sheet

with you.

In the event of spillage onto clothes:

Remove the soiled clothes without delay.

Wash the clothes before re-use.


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2.5 Fieldwork, cruises, inspections, excursions

Separate guidelines have been prepared to safeguard

employees and students in connection with eldwork.

Prior to the commencement of eldwork, the line manager must:

Determine to what extent specic, local safety instructions

are required to govern the eldwork in question.

Make sure that a risk assessment is carried out.

Make sure that the employees and students are given the

necessary training. Make sure that the equipment to be used meets the

legislative and regulatory requirements.

The Project Manager and participants must

Complete their respective eld cards


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3

PROTECTIVEEQUIPMENT AND

HAZARD SIGNAGE


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3.1 General provisions related to protective equipmentand hazard signage

Employees, students, contracted personnel and visitors

must use prescribed protective equipment at all times, in

compliance with the Norwegian Working Environment Act

and local provisions

Personnel must ensure that the correct protective equipment

is used prior to the commencement of a new activity.

Information regarding prescribed protective equipment

will be found on the relevant Safety Data Sheets andapparatus safety cards If you are in doubt as to the correct

protective equipment, contact the person responsible for the

laboratory/workshop in question, or a certied supplier of the

protective equipment.

Prescribed protective equipment shall be readily accessible

and its location and usage explained by means of signs. Rooms and equipment shall be signed in such a way that

makes it easy for others to raise the alarm in the event

of danger/incidents of non-conformance, or the need to

extinguish res or shut down an experiment.

Protective equipment must be inspected and maintained on a

regular basis. Deciencies or defects must be reported immediately as

incidents of non-conformance and subsequently repaired.


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3.2 Personal protective equipment

Symbol Description

Protective eyewear

Must be worn in situations where there is a danger ofsplashing, during work with liquid nitrogen, high-pressure

work, work involving the production of chips or shavings, a

danger of explosion, or work involving cutting machines and

saws, etc. In the event of the need to t protective eyewear

for a user, contact your immediate supervisor.

Example: Protective glasses

Visor

Protective work clothes

Must be easy to remove. Should be made of cotton in order to

prevent them catching re as a result of sparks generated by

static electricity.

Example:

Laboratory coat

Boiler suit

Protective suit

Hand protection gloves

Gloves should be worn when working with hazardous andcorrosive substances, when working with laboratory animals,

and with sharp and piercing instruments

For further information, we refer to the chapter on gloves.

Wear gloves that are made of the proper materials and

labelled correctly (refer to the Safety Data


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Symbol Description

Breathing apparatus

Ensure that breathing apparatus:

Is readily accessible at locations where there is/may be

need for such protective equipment (refer to the SafetyData Sheet and apparatus safety card).

Is tted with the correct lter for the chemicals, hazardous

substances or dust exposure in question.

Is well maintained.

3 categories:

1. Full and half masks with interchangeable lters2. Filtering half masks

3. Fresh air masks

For gas masks:

Must be stored in such a way that they do not become

contaminated preferably in a sealed plastic bag and stored

inside a cabinet.

Protective footwear

There are several types.

Must be tted with steel toecaps to provide protection from

pressure, impacts and heavy weights.

Spiked soles are appropriate in certain situations.


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Symbol Description

Hearing protection

There are several types. Special ear defenders with a built-in

radio, communications functions, and active noise reduction

are also available.

Examples:

Ear plugs

Ear defenders

Safety helmet

It is important to check the helmets quality and condition.

Other forms of

protective equipment

Procured and made available as required.

Examples:

Hairnet

Surgical mask

Protective shoe covers

Safety harness and fall protection equipment

Radiation dosimeter


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3.3 Room safety information card

A room safety information card shall be posted in all

laboratories/workshops in compliance with the guidelines.

A room safety information card shall provide informationregarding hazards for personnel working in the laboratory/

workshop in question, and the identity of the person

responsible for the room in question.

It also indicates locations where no hazards are present, so

that personnel can safely enter in order to carry out their

allotted tasks. A room safety information card must be posted on all

entrance doors to the laboratory/workshop in question.

Local provisions for NTNU:

Can be obtained on request from the faculty/departmental

ofce. A copy of the room safety information card must be archived

either with the caretaker or the person responsible for

administration of the building

3.4 Apparatus safety card

Shall provide information regarding hazards, prescribed

protective equipment and protective measures, a method for

effecting an emergency shutdown, together with the name and

telephone number of the person responsible for the apparatus.

Shall be prepared in compliance with guidelines for all

forms of apparatus which may constitute a major hazard.

Also applies to larger analytical apparatus used by several

persons.


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The need for an apparatus safety card must be evaluated

before new equipment is put to use.

Must be completed and signed by the person responsible for

the apparatus.

The card shall be posted so that it is easily visible.

Equipment may have a restricted lifetime. The apparatus safety

card must be updated/renewed in the event of modication.

3.5 Safety information cardA safety information card should provide information for all

personnel as to the identity of the manager, health and safety

representative, deputy health and safety representative,

together with the HSE Coordinator and faculty student

representative for the safety area in question, as appropriate.

All personnel in the safety area in question shall be made aware

of the existence of coordination agreements, if these exist.

3.6 Experiment in progress

When an experiment which may constitute a hazard is in

progress, information shall be provided in the form of a

warning sign.


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4

FIRST AID ANDDEALING WITH

ACCIDENTS.


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Important considerations in all rst aid situations:

Think of your own safety at all times!

Make sure that the scene of the accident is secured.

Make sure that the alarm is raised.

Incident Injury / what must be done

Unconsciousness

Fall

FIRST AID:

Check if the person is conscious.

Check if the person is breathing.

Ensure that airways are unobstructed.

If breathing stops administer cardiopulmonary resuscitation

(CPR) - 30 compressions and 2 rescue breaths.

Stop any bleeding and/or cool burns with water.

If there is a suspicion of neck injuries, the patient should

ideally not be moved.

Call 113 - Emergency Medical Services (AMK).

Cuts FIRST AID: Stop the bleeding.

Remove any unattached body parts from the scene and take

these to the doctor.

Call 113 - Emergency Medical Services (AMK).

Electric shock FIRST AID:

Cut off the power supply. Check if the person is conscious.


Ensure that the airways are unobstructed.

If the person stops breathing commence cardiopulmonary

resuscitation (CPR).

Cool burns with water.

Call 113 - Emergency Medical Services (AMK). Following a powerful electric shock, contact a doctor for a

general examination.


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Chemical spillage,

splashing and

such like

FIRST AID:

Liquids on the skin.

Rinse the affected area with copious amounts of water.

If a spillage of hydrouoric acid (HF) has occurred, an HF

antidote gel or Calcium Zandos solution must be applied.

Remove soiled clothes and shoes, and continue to rinse the

affected area.

If a doctor is called, show him/her the Safety Data Sheet.


Chemical spillages

splashing and

such like

FIRST AID:

Swallowing:

In all cases of poisoning, the Toxins Information Centre

(Giftinformasjonen), Health Directorate must be contacted for

instructions at tel. 22 59 13 00.

A general rule of thumb is to rinse out the mouth and drink

water. NB! In the event of swallowing caustic alkalinesolutions or acids, vomiting must NOT be induced.

Get to a hospital and take the Safety Data Sheet with you.

Inhalation:

Find a source of fresh air without delay. Clear the nose

thoroughly. Rinse the eyes and mouth with water. Avoid

unnecessary physical exertion. Get to a hospital and take the Safety Data Sheet with you.

Eye injuries:

Rinse thoroughly with lukewarm water or an eye-rinsing

solution. Continue rinsing while on the way to the doctor, and

take the Safety Data Sheet with you


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In the event of spillage onto clothes:

Clothes must be removed and rinsed.

Make an assessment as to whether clothes should be disposed of

or if they can be worn again after washing. NB! Clothes left to dry

after a spillage of oxidative compounds are very easily ignitable.

On benches, oors and such like:

Small volumes:

Use an absorbitive material or paper towel (provided that the

substance in question is non-reactive).

Large volumes:

Hazardous water soluble substances must be collected and

treated as hazardous waste. Fluids may also be absorbed using

sand or absorption pads made of inert material, cf. warning sign.


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Fire

Explosion.

Gas leakage.

Think of your own safety!

Wear a gas mask, as appropriate.

(do not expose yourself to danger!) Raise the alarm

Call

113 Emergency Medical Services (AMK)

110 Fire

Secure the scene of the accident. Check the laboratory/workshop for collateral injuries.

Extinguish any re on clothes (use emergency shower or

smother using clothes/a blanket) and other res, if possible.

Shut off the source of the leakage.

Drag any injured personnel to safety (do not lift them)

FIRST AID: Check if the person is conscious.


Ensure that the airways are unobstructed.

If the person stops breathing commence cardiopulmonary

resuscitation (CPR).

Stop any bleeding and/or cool burns with water.


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5

FIRE


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5.1 General provisions in the event of re

Fire extinguishers designed to deal with re hazards related

to the activity in question must be located on all premises.

All alarms, re extinguishing equipment and evacuationroutes must be clearly indicated and signposted.

Fire regulations must be posted in laboratories, workshops,

corridors and other communal areas in such a way that they

are easily visible.

Fire regulations can be found in electronic form and can also beobtained on request from the Fire Prevention Ofcer.

October 2008


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5.2 Evacuation in response to re alarms

If possible, shut down apparatus prior to evacuation.

Small res must be extinguished, if possible. The Fire

Department will take responsibility for extinguishing majorre outbreaks.

Each building must appoint an ofcer responsible for the

building who acts as liaison with the Fire Department during

emergency situations.

Each oor has appointed at least 2 Area Ofcers. These are

responsible for evacuating personnel from within their areaof responsibility to a pre-determined place of safety outside

the building.

The building ofcer and Area Ofcers are identied by means

of vests.

Physically disabled:Appropriate evacuation procedures shall be drawn up based

on a risk assessment. Suitable portable chairs must be made

available to those employees and students with a disability.

5.3 Extinguishing res

The divisions must carry out a risk assessment in order to

determine needs in respect of essential re extinguishing

equipment. These must be placed in easily accessible locations

on the premises.


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Extinguishing res involving different materials:

General Think of your own safety at all times!

Small res must be extinguished, if possible. The Fire

Department is responsible for extinguishing larger res. Water (if this can be used without risk).

Water in order to cool steel gas cylinders, which should be

removed from the scene of the re before the ames have

had the opportunity to spread.

Hair/clothes Use the emergency shower, a wet blanket or re blanket.

In the event of your clothes catching re, roll aroundon the oor.

Avoid spraying water directly onto your face, due to the

dangers caused by high pressures and the effects of cold.

Open receptacle Place something tightly over the opening (such as a

saucepan lid, book or blanket).

Electrical

equipment

Preferably CO2, alternative powder extinguisher or re blanket

Organic materials

on the laboratory

bench or oor

Preferably CO2

Use a powder extinguisher only if the re cannot be put

out using CO2

Use of re blanket

Phosphorus re Wet sand

Alkaline or rare

earth metals

Dry sand, NaCl (as part of a mixture, as appropriate),

powder extinguisher with special powder.


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6

EQUIPMENT ANDTECHNICAL AIDS


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6.1 General safety provisions related to equipmentand machines

All personnel must make themselves familiar with local

safety regulations as they apply to the machine/equipment tobe used.

A risk assessment must be carried out prior to the use of

equipment and apparatus or of new congurations/settings

Approved training is prerequisite prior to the use of machines

and equipment.

Machines which may constitute a health hazard shall be usedonly under the supervision of qualied personnel.

A minimum of 2 persons must be in attendance under such

circumstances.

Appropriate work clothes, prescribed protective equipment,

and protective devices must be made available and must be

utilised.- Eye protection shall be worn during work involving the

production of chips or shavings, and during work involving

cutting machines, saws and such like.

- Hearing protection must be worn during work involving

noise. This applies also to personnel working within range

of the noise in question.

- Breathing apparatus must be worn during work involving

the formation of toxic gases and dust.

- Protective footwear must be worn in situations appropriate

to the work in question.

Equipment and tools must be registered in the equipment

database by the laboratory/workshop manager, who keeps a

complete set of documentation pertaining to the equipment.

A person shall be assigned responsibility for individual


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machines and items of equipment. All mechanical equipment

must be inspected and maintained on a regular basis.

Damage incurred to machines or tools must be reported

without delay as incidents of non-conformance, and any

defects repaired.

Work areas must be kept tidy, and all equipment and

machinery stored in its correct location after use.

6.2 Fume cupboards

Correct ventilation and fume extraction devices must be

used to ensure that employees and students do not become

exposed to hazardous substances.

Fume cupboards must be used in compliance both with

local procedures and those which apply to each individual

cupboard.

Proper use results in better capacity for those who require

fume extraction facilities, and reduces energy consumption.

The person responsible for the laboratory has a duty to

ensure that fume cupboards are used correctly.

Cupboards must be inspected on a regular basis.

The air ow rate in the fume cupboards must be 0.5 m/s.


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Control measurement of fume cupboards OK

Sash Does the sash slide up and down as it should? When

inspecting old fume cupboards, check the wiring which

raises the cupboards sash, and make sure that it can besecured with a lock and stop mechanism in order to prevent

it falling and shutting completely should the wire fail.

Light Does the light work?

Cleanliness Are the surfaces within the cupboard, the screen above the

light, ssures and gaps etc., clean?

Regulation Can you regulate fume extraction at the top or the base?

Switch/button Is there a switch/button enabling adjustment of the

maximum fume extraction setting, and an indicator light?

Adhesive

notices

Are adhesive notices afxed to indicate the max. opening

height of the sash, and a notice to Keep the sash closedwhen the cupboard is not in use?

Empty

cupboard

Is the cupboard empty during the measurement? (Equipment

in the cupboard will obstruct the air ow and lead to

inaccurate readings)

Opening

height

Set the opening height of no more than 80% of the

cupboards in the laboratory to 30 cm. The control

measurement is of an average air ow velocity through the

cross-section of the opening. The measurements are carried

out using a vaneometer. The number of measurement points

sampled within the horizontal plane depends of the width of

the cupboard (5-7 readings).

Free air ow Make sure that your body does not obstruct air ow through

the sash opening and across the vaneometer.


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6.3 LAF benches/Safety benchesLAF/Safety benches

General

remarks

Most personnel use Class II safety benches with two lters and

fume extraction. The users must be provided with adequate training in their use.

The benches are used as a barrier between the user and the

material with which he/she is working.

In order to safeguard safety, procedures must be adhered to.

It is important to establish a good collaborative relationship with

the suppliers, both in respect of information and service contracts.

Prior to purchase it is important to have a good plan in place and toorganise the work so that health and safety are safeguarded.

Factors that should be assessed: the work surface, lighting

xtures, the presence of vertical or leaning walls, the height of

the fume cupboard (working position) and noise levels.

Be meticulous when locating the fume cupboard. The unobstructed

air ow velocity must exhibit a minimum value of 0.5 m/s.

Opening

height

Check that with an opening height of 30 cm the average ow

velocity exhibits a value of at least 0.5 m/s (air ow velocity)

Underpressure

in the

laboratory

Check that there is a weak underpressure in the laboratory

at a 30 cm sash opening height for no more than 80% of the

cupboards and with the sashes in the closed position. This

can be achieved by leaving the door to the corridor ajar by

1-2 cm. Use a smoke ampoule, velocity gauge, and your nose

to check if there is underpressure in the laboratory. It should

not be difcult to open the door to the corridor.


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LAF/Safety benches Preparatory work

Preparatory

work

The cupboard must not be occupied by superuous equipment,

since this will obstruct the airow.

It is not appropriate to work with chemicals, etc. on a safetybench. Such work must be carried out in a fume cupboard.

Take with you all materials, equipment, etc. which you require

in order to carry out the task in question (glass asks, reagents,

pipettes, tippers, waste containers, etc.)

It is important to ensure that you have adequate space on the

bench/a medicine trolley, and that your chair is properly adjusted.

Container for hazardous biological waste and a waste bucket. Protective equipment must be worn.

Wear cotton laboratory coats with long sleeves and a surgical

mask when working with human pathogenic microorganisms.

Disposable gloves must be worn, and be changed or disposed of

when you leave the cupboard. Gloves must be pulled over the

sleeves of your coat in order to avoid exposure to the skin.

In special situations a plastic apron is worn, together with plasticarm protectors.

Good sterile techniques are prerequisite.

When work has been completed, remove all waste, equipment

and materials. Wash thoroughly with soap and water. Disinfect

with ethanol. Switch on the ultra-violet light, if this is tted.


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LAF/Safety benches Maintenance

Maintenance The user must ensure that the cupboard is located and used

correctly.

Cleaning: Wash the base, hobs and walls. (NB! Remove thebaseplate in the workroom/chamber)

A service contract should be entered into that guarantees annual

verication by the supplier that both the air ow and lters, among

other things, are functioning correctly.

Disinfection of

benches.NB!

Applies only

to benches

connected

to a fume

extraction

device.

For service operations that entail the changing of lters, the cupboard

must be disinfected beforehand. The following procedure applies tobenches which are connected to a fume extraction device:

Make sure that the cabinet is clean and that all equipment has

been removed.

Prepare formalin (using 40 ml formalin, 37% + 40 ml water in a

glass beaker), and Ammonia (using 27 ml 25% ammonia + 40 ml

water in another glass beaker). This must be carried out using fume

extraction. Put the hob and the beakers containing formalin and ammonia

inside the cabinet.

Close the bench and put tape along all the gaps around the sash

and air vents.

Switch on the fan and commence boiling of the formalin (10 min).

When all the formalin has evaporated, keep the fan running for a

further 20 min. Turn the fan off and leave the cupboard undisturbed for at least

5 hours.

Switch the fan on and commence boiling of the ammonia (10 min).

Keep the fan running for 20 min after the ammonia has evaporated.

Remove all sealing tape.

Different procedures apply to benches which are not connected

to a fume extraction device.


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6.4 Hot work

Hot work is dened as all construction, installation, assembly,

disassembly, repair, maintenance and similar work involving

the use of an open ame, and work involving equipment forheating, welding, cutting, soldering and/or grinding.

Prior to the commencement of hot work:

Make sure that hot work is carried out in a proper manner

such that hazards to human health, re risk, and the risk of

explosions are reduced to a minimum. Carry out a risk assessment, plan the work, and ensure that

the necessary safety measures are implemented.

Make sure that arrangements are made for work to be

carried out at a xed location (e.g. a welding workshop).

If you are planning to carry out hot work in a workshop

subject to a risk of explosions, contact the Fire PreventionOfcer.

Make sure that external contractors are certied before they

carry out hot work.

Ensure that follow-up work is carried out.


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6.5 High-pressure apparatus

Self-assembled apparatus subject to high pressures must be

assessed for strength by qualied personnel.

Prior to use, the apparatus must be pressure-tested atvalues in excess of working pressures. Testing must be

carried out with water (if possible), or an inert gas (entails a

risk of explosion during testing).

Test results must be documented on the apparatus itself or

otherwise in writing. If such documentation is lacking, the

apparatus must be re-tested before it can be used to carryout a new experiment.

The apparatus must, in so far as possible, be assembled

using approved components (tubing, connectors, valves and

such like).

A certied workshop must be employed for welding onto

high-pressure apparatus. Metal containers can be guaranteed to tolerate specied

pressures. Pressure containers made of glass, sapphire,

etc., are designed according to the same formulas, but may

fail unpredictably in the short or long term. This must be

taken into account during the assembly and placement of the

apparatus in question.

High-pressure apparatus must be procured, assembled,

pressure-tested and used in compliance with the directive

governing equipment subjected to high-pressure, as

described in the standard NS-EN13445. Further information

can be obtained from the Norwegian Directorate for Civil

Protection and Emergency Planning (DSB)


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6.6 Glass apparatus subject to high pressuresor a vacuum

Face and eye protection must be worn in connection with all

work involving glass apparatus used at high pressures orinvolving a vacuum, or when using rotating/cutting tools.

Glass apparatus used for high-pressure or vacuum

experiments, or which are to contain liquid air, liquid oxygen

or liquid nitrogen, must be of the appropriate strength

Do not use thin-walled or at-bottomed asks for such

purposes. Use special safety screens to protect apparatus such as

suction asks, vacuum excitation, and vacuum distillation

apparatus.

The danger of splinters can be reduced somewhat by winding

self-adhesive cloth tape around parts of the apparatus.

Prior to the opening or disconnection of such apparatus,it must be cooled to room temperature, and air permitted

gradually to permeate inside.


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6.7 Laboratory experiments involving electricity

Safety linked to electrical devices is governed by a separate set

of regulations which apply to all electrical devices with voltages

of 0 V or greater.

Exceptions:

Electrical apparatus designed for use by non-experts.

Devices with outputs so low that they do not constitute a

hazard.

The regulations also apply to laboratory activities carried out

for the purposes of research and teaching. Under normal

circumstances, an experiment in which the voltages used do not

exceed 50 V will constitute a device with an output so low that

it does not constitute a hazard, and is thus not governed by the

regulations. The regulations specify roles and responsibilities inconnection with work involving, and the operation of, electrical

devices. These include the following functions: A person

responsible for operation, a person responsible for the work

being carried out, an expert operational manager, and a safety

manager.

When using Variac as a voltage source, personnel must be

aware of the following:

In so far as the nature of the experiment allows,

DC-decoupling must be employed.

If this is not possible, it is important to be aware that even if

the voltage in its secondary coils is set at 0 V, there will be a

voltage to earth of 110 V (IT-system) or 230 V (TN-system). The


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experiment is governed by the provisions of the legislative

regulations

If DC-decoupling is not employed, the circuit must be

protected, and personnel must use caution even when the

Variac voltage is reduced to 0.

During experiments in which apparatus carrying voltage is left

unattended, a risk assessment must be carried out in order to

evaluate the risk of overheating and re. It is recommended

that smoke alarms be connected to detectors which

automatically disconnect the device if said alarms are activated.

Experiments involving voltages between 50 and 1,000 V

The following requirements must be met:

The device must be protected when it is carrying voltage.

Fuses of appropriate size and type must be used to provide

protection from overload current. A research/teaching group carrying out an experiment

involving voltages in excess of 50 V must appoint a person

responsible for the operation in compliance with the

regulations. The role and duties of the person responsible for

the operation are described in the regulations.

For each individual experiment, a person responsible forthe work being carried out must be appointed. He or she is

responsible for safety in connection with the experiment.

The person responsible for operation must judge who is

qualied to take responsibility for the work being carried out.

Access to laboratories where experiments are being carried

out must be restricted.


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Experiments involving voltages in excess of 1,000 V

The following requirements must be met:

A qualied expert operational manager must be appointed

from the Technical Division (Electronics Group), or from the

relevant division at Trondheim Energi. The expert operational

manager shall prepare instructions for experiments

involving voltages in excess of 1,000 volts carried out in the

laboratories in question.

Devices carrying voltage must be screened/enclosed so that

it is impossible unintentionally to come into contact with live

components (these must be connected via an interlocking

circuit so that the voltage is disconnected if a door/port in the

protective screen is opened)

Fuses of appropriate size and type to provide protection from

overload current.

A Safety Manager must be appointed for each individual

experiment. The Safety Manager is responsible for safety inconnection with the experiment.

Only personnel who have been granted specic permission

will be allowed access to laboratories where experiments

involving high voltages are being carried out. Access

permission may include permission to accompany visitors.

A list must be drawn up of personnel who are granted suchaccess, and of who is granted permission to accompany

visitors.


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7

CHEMICALS ANDHAZARDOUS

SUBSTANCES


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7.1 General safety provisions related to chemicalsand hazardous substances

All chemicals and hazardous substances must be stored,

labelled, handled, and disposed of in compliance with currentlegislation.

Prior to the commencement of work, employees and students

must make themselves familiar with the Safety Data Sheet

pertaining to the chemical/substance in question.

Prescribed protective equipment must be readily accessible

and must be worn. Work with chemicals and substances which constitute a

health hazard must be carried out in fume cupboards or

under spot extraction.

The standard clothing appropriate for work in laboratories or

workshops comprises a laboratory coat and long trousers, or

boiler suit/work clothes.


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7.2 Storage requirements

Storage requirements (cupboards, shelving, rooms/storerooms)

Cupboards andshelving

Must be labelled clearly and in compliance with hazard signagestandards. Shelving must be stable and adequately spaced.

Floors must not be used for the storage of chemicals.

Gas cylinders must be stored on the lowermost shelves.

Rooms and

storerooms

A risk assessment must be carried out.

Essential protective equipment and safety equipment must be

easily accessible. The room must be secured against unauthorised entry, with a

notice/sign on the entrance door.

Local inspection procedures must be prepared.

The amounts of chemicals stored in a room must be kept to a

minimum. Old stock and chemicals that have passed their expiry

date must be disposed of.

Requirements for safe storage outside a storeroom

General

remarks

Prescribed protective equipment must be worn. Post a warning sign.

Must be stored and handled in compliance with legislation.

Narcotic and highly toxicsubstances must be stored in a locked

cabinet.

Chemicals/hazardous substances which can react with each othermust be stored separately.

Obtain information from the Safety Data Sheet.

The room safety information card must state the type and volumes

of gases and inammable liquids in storage.

Heavy containers, large glass asks or very hazardous chemicals/

substances must not be stored above head height.


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Requirements for safe storage outside a storeroom

General

remarks

When moved, chemical bottles must be carried in robust plastic

containers or transported on a trolley.

Use the utmost caution when emptying large containers. Open bottles with caution.

All packaging lacking its original labelling must be afxed with

a label stating its contents, the users identity, and relevant R- and

S- prex sentences and labels bearing hazard symbols, as appropriate.

If the chemical/substance has passed its expiry date it must be

disposed of.

7.3 Handling of corrosive, inammable, explosivesubstances and gases

Handling of strong acids and bases

Strong acids

and bases.

Corrosive.

Caustic.

Never add water to dilute an acid - always add the acid to the water.

Pour the acid into the water slowly!

Keep acid bottles away from both heat and sunlight.

When opening bottles containing acids, take care to avoid splashing.

Do not lift bottles by the neck.

Use graduated cylinders or burettes for measuring out acids and

other hazardous liquids.

Keep these in chemical cabinets with extractor devices. The bottles should be placed in plastic trays.

Bottles containing substances which may react vigorously with

each other should not be placed side by side.

Bottles that contain substances which have high vapour pressures

at room temperature, such as diethyl ether, acetone, alcohol,

petroleum ether, benzene, bromine, nitric and hydrochloric acids,

must never be lled to the brim.


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Use the utmost

caution!

Never work with inammable liquids close to an open ame.

Use a fume cupboard when working with low-ashpoint liquids.

Never distil inammable liquids over an open ame.

Use a steam bath, water bath, electric hob or special electric

heating jacket.

Carry out a trial experiment with small amounts of the substance

beforehand.

Many organic chemicals, of which diethyl ether is the best known,

form peroxides. The presence of peroxides in diethyl ether can be

demonstrated using a potassium iodide solution: A yellow

colouration formed by precipitated iodine conrms the presence of

any peroxides. Peroxides can be removed with iron (II) sulphate.

Protective measures can arrest the formation of peroxides, but do

not remove those which have already been formed.

Strong sunlight can refract within bottle glass and start a

re screen it out!

Distillation bottles should not be lled to more than 1/3 full and

must be re-lled at room temperature. Anti-bumping granules

should be added to the liquid prior to heating. Alternatively, mix the

liquid using a magnetic stirrer. Do not heat too rapidly, and avoid

local overheating.

Handling of inammable and explosive chemicals

Use the utmost

caution!

These are subdivided into the following hazard classes:

Inammable liquids Flashpoint

A < 23C

B 23C 55C

C > 55C


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Handling of inammable gases

Inammable

gases

Hydrogen, propane and butane form explosive mixtures with air.

Require special vigilance.

Use permitted only in laboratories with adequate ventilation. If a gas alarm has been activated, the person responsible for the

room in question must be contacted at once. Follow local

procedures which are posted in the vicinity.

Laboratory gas detectors must be calibrated in compliance with

regulations. Information can be obtained from the Fire Prevention Ofcer.

Handling of liquids and gases in pressurised bottles

Liquids and

gases in

pressurised

bottles

Must be stored and handled in compliance with legislation and

accompanying regulations.

Warning signs must be posted on doors leading to laboratories

where compressed gas is in use.

The room safety information card must state the volume and type

of gas. Gas containers must be properly secured to a bench or wall.

The containers must not be exposed to temperatures in excess of 45C. Bottles containing different gases must be stored separately.

When in storage, oxygen cylinders must be separated from bottles

containing inammable gases by a distance of at least 5 m. Use

the correct reduction valves with screw threads that are compatible

with the container in question.

The gases and the valves have specic colour codes.

Oils or grease must not come into contact with valves orconnections regulating oxygen.

Handle gas bottles with care. A cylinder trolley with safety chains

must be used to transport gas bottles. The top valve must be kept

closed and the reduction valve disconnected.

All gas-related equipment such as connectors, valves and gas

appliances must be inspected on a regular basis by competent personnel.

The Facultys HSE Coordinator must ensure that an inspection iscarried out approximately every 5 years.


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Handling dust explosions

Dust

explosions

The ignition within a container of an inammable powder, existing

as a dust mixed with air, has the potential to produce an explosion

as powerful as that caused by an inammable gas (inammablevapour) and air mixture.

Hazardous dust explosions can occur involving the following: nely

powdered organic chemicals and certain powdered metals, such as

magnesium and aluminium.

The ignition within a container of an inammable powder, existing

as a dust mixed with air, has the potential to produce an explosion

as powerful as that caused by an inammable gas (inammablevapour) and air mixture.

Hazardous dust explosions can occur involving the following: nely

powdered organic chemicals and certain powdered metals, such as

magnesium and aluminium.

Containers which are to be lled with liquid air, nitrogen or oxygen,

must be dry and free of organic substances.

Containers which are not in use must be closed using a loose cover

or cap which prevents the development of overpressure. On

replacing gas cylinders, connectors and valves must be inspected

for leakages using a leak search spray.


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Hazards arising from chemicals and hazardous substances

Hazards Material which has absorbed a liquid takes on the same hazardous

properties as the liquid itself.

In the event of the absorption of volatile, non-reactive liquids, usedabsorption agents must be packed in plastic without delay so that

the liquid does not evaporate. Must be disposed of in compliance

with current regulations.

Absorbed, reactive liquids must be handled in the same way as

the liquids in their pure form, and disposed of in compliance with

the relevant procedures.

Sweeping up after spillage of a Class A liquid may constitute a riskof ignition due to static electricity. This can be avoided by

moistening the absorption agent, and by sweeping with water,

preferably salt water.

Work involving larger volumes of a Class A liquid must be carried

out in a laboratory free of sources of ignition, and where personnel

are able to cope with any incidents of spillage.


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7.4 Safety Data Sheets chemical substances index

A Safety Data Sheet (SDS) - provides information regarding the

proper handling of chemicals and substances. Updated Safety

Data Sheets will be found in a folder located in the laboratory/workshop where the substances in question are used. The

manufacturer/supplier is obliged to send out updated Safety

Data Sheets. Safety Data Sheets, or fact sheets as appropriate,

will also be available for chemicals and substances produced,

and for samples received, by NTNU/SINTEF.

Risk assessment In order to guarantee safe operations,

the division in question must carry out a risk assessment of

a substances use and handling regimes in accordance with

guidelines.

Substitution Entails an obligation to make an assessment asto whether a chemical or hazardous substance can be replaced/

substituted by another, less hazardous, chemical or substance.

Chemical Substances Index Safety Data Sheets for all

chemicals and hazardous substances used by the division in

question. A paper copy of the Safety Data Sheet must be made

available onsite where the chemical/substance is used. Labels

can be printed directly from the Chemical Substances Index.

Updated Safety Data Sheets are available in the chemical

substances index on the intranet, and must be readily available

onsite where the chemical/substance is being used.


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Safety Data Sheets

Contents 1. Name of the chemical and its supplier.

2. Hazard identication

3. Composition/Information regarding constituents4. First aid measures

5. Fire extinguishing measures

6. Measures in the event of unintended discharge/emission

to the environment

7. Handling and storage

8. Exposure control and personal protective equipment

9. Physical and chemical properties10. Stability and reactivity

11. Toxicological information

12. Ecological information

13. Instructions for disposal

14. Information regarding transportation

15. Regulatory information

16. Other information


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7.5 Preparatory work and purchasing

The responsibility for the purchase, receipt and registration of

substances in the chemical substances index shall be delegated

to one or a restricted number of persons within the division.

Preparation and purchasing

Chemicals

and hazardous

substances

Perform a needs assessment and an evaluation of possible substitution.

Make sure that a risk assessment is carried out prior to use.

Obtain information from the Safety Data Sheet as to how the

substance should be used, stored, and disposed of.

Make an assessment as to how spillages will be removed.

Procure the mandatory protective equipment. For very hazardous

chemicals or substances, safety equipment used for the handling of

spillages must be procured, cf. the Safety Data Sheet.

All chemicals must be registered in the electronic chemical

substances index, and a paper copy of the Safety Data sheet made

available onsite where the chemical in question is to be used.

Ordering will be carried out in compliance with relevant procurementand purchasing guidelines.

In the event of purchase, the supplier must supply a Safety Data

Sheet. The fewer the suppliers, the easier it is to keep track of

transactions, and thus ensure a safer environment.


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7.6 General remarks regarding the handling ofhazardous waste

All waste which is regarded as hazardous to human health

and the environment must be handled and disposed ofin compliance with current regulations and guidelines

governing the handling of hazardous waste.

Employees and students must identify hazardous waste at

their respective workplaces.

Waste must be packed in a manner appropriate for its

storage and transport. If there is any doubt as to its content,the waste shall be disposed of in its original packaging.

An agreement has been entered into with a certied waste

management contractor for the disposal and transport of

hazardous waste generated by the NTNU divisions in question.

7.7 Waste fractions chemicals and hazardoussubstances

HAZARDOUS WASTE

Contaminated

glass waste

Must be cleaned and dried. Is disposed of in cartons labelled

glass waste. The boxes must be closed and labelled with the

name of the division in question.

If contaminated by chemicals, must be disposed of in the same way

as the chemicals themselves.

If the waste has been in contact with biological agents, it must be

disposed of as hazardous biological waste.

Operations personnel must not come into contact with the waste.

They shall handle the boxes only.


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HAZARDOUS BIOLOGICAL WASTE

Biological

material.

Cytostatics,

pathology

waste,infectious

waste

materials/

inoculation

needles/

cutting

instruments

Must be packaged in yellow boxes and declared as hazardous

biological waste.

Waste inoculation needles and other sharp cutting or piercing

instruments are packaged in approved containers and placed in

boxes for hazardous biological waste. For those who work with biological material, it is appropriate to

declare for both infectious waste materials and waste

piercing/cutting instruments.

Chemicals,

paint, solvents

and waste oil

A distinction is made between liquid and solid waste.

Must be sorted and declared prior to disposal (see gure).

It is not necessary to declare uid waste belonging to the standard

categories.

Radioactive

waste

Must be disposed of in compliance with the prevailing regulations

and guidelines.

During disposal, contact the coordinator responsible locally for

radiation protection.

Must be disposed of at the Institute for Energy Technology at Kjeller.

Malodorouswaste

Must not be disposed of in the same way as ordinary waste. Malodorous waste may be chemical waste which must be dealt

with as hazardous waste, or biological waste which must be treated

as hazardous biological waste.

Biological material must be disposed of in boxes designed for

hazardous biological waste.


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Infectious waste

Sharp needles/cutting

Cytostatic waste

Pathology waste

SignatureDate Inst./dep./ward

Cost centre

Waste delivered by

When disposing of hazardous biological waste, the self-

adhesive label Hazardous biological waste (Risikoavfall) must

be used. Essential elds:

Place a cross in the correct eld.

Enter the cost centre, the name of the supplier of the waste/

Faculty, institute/department and date.

Sign with your full name (write clearly).


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Standard categories liquid waste

No safety data sheet or declaration is necessary. Use the pre-printed labels.

The declaration will be completed on delivery by the waste disposal contractor.

The labels illustrate examples of the different chemical categories.

The containers must be stored in a ventilated cupboard.

They must be transported to a storeroom, as appropriate, but must not be emptied.

New containers and self-adhesive labels must be supplied by an approved waste

disposal contractor.

The following pre-printed labels have been prepared:

Organic solvents, halogen-free fuels.

Organic solvents containing halogens.

Acidic organic waste.

Alkaline organic waste.

7.8 Disposal and declaration of liquid chemicals andsubstances belonging to standard categories

A distinction is made between liquid and solid waste. In

collaboration with our frame agreement contractor, 4 standardcategories of liquid hazardous waste have been dened in order to

facilitate their disposal and declaration.

It is important to use the correct form of packaging (or original

packaging, as appropriate).

It is important to ensure that containers are not in excess

of 90% full, since this reduces spillage and allows space for

expansion during transport.


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7.9 Disposal and declaration of solid and liquid wastethat falls outside the standard categories

Chemicals and hazardous substances which fall outside the

standard categories must always be declared. When disposing

of explosive materials, contact the HSE Department/Section.

A declaration must be completed by the user. Essential elds:

Org.no., name of division, cost centre.

Name and telephone number of contact representative. EAL code number.

Waste substance number.

Total weight (kg) and number of consignments.

Type of packaging.

Colour of the waste.

ADR classication. Detailed description.

In the eld Detailed description, state the name of the

substance and its chemical formula, if possible.

If the substances are not standard chemicals, their Safety DataSheets must be appended to the declaration.

ORGANICSOLVENTS,HALOGEN-

FREE FUELS

ORGANICSOLVENTS

CONTAININGHALOGENS

ACIDICORGANIC

WASTE

ALKALINEORGANIC

WASTE


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7.10 Hazard symbols

The chemicals are classied into hazard categories with

associated hazard symbols.

The new EU directive for the classication, labelling and

packaging (CLP) of substances and substance mixtures

introduces features such as new hazard pictograms and hazard

and safety sentences. The regulations will come into force

in Norway on 1 December 2010 at the latest and will apply

in parallel with the Regulations governing the classication,labelling etc., of hazardous chemicals that applies up until

1 June 2015.

CURRENT HAZARD SYMBOLNEW HAZARD SYMBOLS FROM

1 DECEMBER 2010

VERY

FLAMMABLE

OXIDISING

VERY TOXIC TOXIC

EXTREMELY

FLAMMABLE

EXPLOSIVE


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CURRENT HAZARD SYMBOLNEW HAZARD SYMBOLS FROM

1 DECEMBER 2010

Gas under pressure

IRRITANTHARMFUL

HARMFUL TO THE

ENVIRONMENT

CORROSIVE


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Other symbols employed to classify chemicals

SYMBOL TEKST

H Absorbed through the skin

K May be carcinogenic (K1-K3, with K1 being the most harmful)

MMay be harmful to genetic material (M1-M3, with M1 being the

most harmful).

RMay induce reproductive damage (R1-R3, with R1 being the most

harmful)

A May induce allergies or other forms of oversensitive reaction.

YL-labelling

- YL indicates a requirement for fresh air during the use of

organic solvents.

- Groups 00-5 the higher the value, the more critical the need

for fresh air supply.

- Applies only in Scandinavia.

Hazard and safety sentences (standard sentences assigned a number)

- R sentence (risk sentence) description of hazards.

- S sentence (safety sentence) information regarding

essential precautions.


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R and S sentences will be replaced by H (Hazard) and

P (Precautionary) sentences when the CLP comes into force.

H and P sentences are assigned a three-digit code. The table

below provides an overview of the classication of hazard and

precautionary sentences in the CLP:

CODE HAZARD

SENTENCES

H200-H299 Physical hazard

H300-H399 Health hazardH400-H499 Environmental

hazard

CODE PRECAUTIONARY

SENTENCES

P100 General

P200 PreventiveP300 First aid

P400 Storage

P500 Waste


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8

SPECIAL HSEGUIDELINES


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8.1 Work arrangements for pregnant andbreast-feeding women

The workplace must be organised in such a way that no

personnel are exposed to substances which may causereproductive damage or result in foetal injury.

In some laboratories and workshops, conditions in the

working environment may constitute a hazard to the foetus

and pregnant employees.

Certain aspects of the working environment may have a

negative inuence on both male and female reproductivecapacity.

During the breast-feeding period

Workplaces which are inappropriate during pregnancy due to

possible contact with chemical substances, will often also beunsuitable during the breast-feeding period.

Chemical substances absorbed into the mothers

bloodstream may be transmitted to breast milk.


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Factors within the working environment which may beharmful either to the foetus or reproductive capacity:

Chemicalagents

Lead Organic mercury

Specic solvents

Synthetic oestrogens

Pesticides

Refer to the relevant Safety Data Sheets

Biologicalagents

Rubella Toxoplasmosis

Hepatitis B, HIV

Physical

factors

Physical stress (work in a standing position, strenuous work,

static stress)

Ionising radiation

Heat Noise

Organisation

of work

Psychosocial working environment

Night work, shift work and rotas


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8.2 Organisation of the ergonomic environment

NTNU and SINTEF are so-called inclusive working life (IA)

organisations, and are committed to safeguarding employees/

students various needs in respect of organisation at work.

Work in laboratories and workshops which may entail

strenuous and stressful activity must be organised in

compliance with regulations. In order to prevent the

development of muscular and skeletal complaints, it is

important to:

Organise work using functional equipment (machines, tools,

instruments) and locate these appropriately.

Encourage awareness on the part of the employee in respect

of his/her physical movements while performing work/tasks:

- avoid static muscular work- avoid work involving long levers

- reduce stress by means of appropriate task planning

A keyword is variation:

- vary the type of work

- vary the bodys working position (alternate sitting and standing)

- take regular, short breaks (microbreaks); shake your

limbs or stretch your body as required.

It may be necessary to make adjustments to protective glasses.


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9

RISK ASSESSMENT


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9.1 General remarks regarding risk assessment

Risk assessment is one of several tools that we use for the

systematic identication of issues linked to HSE that may arise

in connection with work operations. A risk assessment mustbe carried out prior to the commencement of a specic task or

process, and again when the task in question is modied. This

is done so that measures designed to remove or control risk

factors can be implemented prior to commencement of the

work. A risk assessment must be documented in writing.

During a risk assessment, the following must be taken into

consideration:

What can go wrong?

How high is the probability that something can go wrong?

What are the consequences if something goes wrong?

What measures must we take in order to reduce theprobability of occurrence and/or mitigate the consequences

and thus minimise risk?

The line manager and the employee health and safety

representative involved in the area/activity that is the subject

of the risk assessment should take an active part in the

assessment process. As appropriate, the following personnel

may also take part:

HSE Coordinator

Student representative

The person with technical responsibility (Project Manager)

The workshop overseer, Principal Research/Departmental

Engineers


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Coordinator with local responsibility for radiation protection

Personnel from the HSE Department/Section in order to

provide professional assistance

Personnel from the Technical Division with responsibility for

facilities within the building in question (WHS, buildings, etc.)

Representatives from other parties occupying the same

premises, e.g., NTNU/SINTEF/St. Olavs Hospital.

Other personnel whom the division considers appropriate.

As an aid to the completion of a risk assessment, examples of

hazards, unwanted incidents, consequences and preventive

measures are given in the table below:

1. Hazards

All personnel must make an assessment of the hazards involved in

their own work, including factors which may not be included below.

The following list may be of assistance in the assessment of potential

hazards.

Chemicals Explosive, inammable, caustic, corrosive, or difcult to dispose of.

Especially hazardous to health: carcinogenic, allergenic, those

which cause reproductive damage or mutagenic.

Harmful to the environment. React unfavourably with each other, or react explosively with air

or water.

Have special storage requirements, and in situations where data

may be lacking regarding a chemicals health risk and reactivity.


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Radiation Electricity

High voltages, high-potential electric elds, high current intensity,

current leakage or earthing faults, short circuits, sparks (which

cause ignition, ozone formation) and static electricity (synthetic

materials in clothes and equipment).

Ionising radiation, X-rays, lasers, strong visible light, ultra-violet

and infra-red radiation and sound/ultrasound.

Pathogenic

organisms

Clarication of type of microorganism and risk classication.

Virulence, infectiousness.

Others Powerful magnetic elds, open ames, temperature, pressure, vacuum,

centrifuges, hoisting cranes, vibrations, physical stresses on personnel,

apparatus, objects which may fall or overturn, fragile/exposed/ rotating

apparatus components, dust (causing soiling, respiratory problems,

explosions), noise, splashing, spillage, overheating, immersion boilers,

heavy weights, hazardous transport, obstruction of gangways and

evacuation routes, difculties for maintenance and cleaning personnel,non-Norwegian speakers, work after normal working hours, apparatus

which continues to operate without supervision, and hazards caused by

experiments in the near vicinity.

Water (cooling).


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2. Unwanted incidents

Examples Failure of water coolant system.

Rupture in water hose/pipe.

Heating elements boil dry. Failure in electricity supply.

Pipe blockage, or fracture in pipes/rupture in hoses.

Valves opened too quickly/too far, or failure to open.

All kinds of leakages.

Wear and tear or accidents at other locations on the premises.

3. Consequences

Examples In addition, an assessment must be made of what can happen if an

accident occurs, irrespective of the cause.

What is the maximum force of a potential explosion (kJ or MJ)?

What is the maximum amount of substance which can be ignited? Can a re spread? If so, how?

Are there other objects in the vicinity which may catch re?

Will a re generate large volumes of smoke or toxic gases?

Will an explosion generate a secondary hazard in the form of

splinters?

(Glass from doors and windows is particularly dangerous).

Will an explosion result in leakages of hazardous substances? Will falling objects cause re, corrosion or such like?

Will harmful splashing of liquids result from an accident or from

the loosening of a spring washer or safety valve?

Will any form of accident result in the obstruction of evacuation

routes?

How extensive can a spillage become? What are the consequences?

Will a given accident lead to accidents involving other apparatus?


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4. Action

Examples Preventive measures must be evaluated based on the risk and impact

analyses:

Use of instrumentation during inspections and to activate alarms. Choice of materials.

Use and location of alarms.

Use and location of spring washers, safety and reduction valves.

Labelling of switches and valves.

Partition walls and such like to provide protection from re/

explosions.

Manual monitoring requirements. Requirements regarding the amounts of chemicals, and their

safekeeping.

Flushing with inert gases or liquids prior to commencement, during,

and after completion of operations.

Protection from spillage and splashing.

Examples Maintenance requirements

Conduct experiments under fume extraction/separate fume suction

facility.

Containers in which to collect leaked substances.

Make sure that absorbent materials are available to clear spillages.

Requirement for a drain in the oor.

Working hours restrictions.

Use of protective equipment.

Appropriate gas masks must be accessible outside the laboratory/

workshop.

Plan for analysis of the laboratory/workshop atmosphere after a

gas emission in order to establish a basis on which to grant

re-entry to the room and building.

Regular blood and/or urine analyses.

Plan for alarm system in the event of the need for evacuation.


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9.2 Construction and operation of research and

teaching equipment

Apparatus can be of different types and is constantly changing.

For each set of apparatus, a person will be appointed with

responsibility for the apparatus in question. He or she must

ensure that:

construction and operations are carried out in compliance

with current legislation and regulations

hazards are assessed and preventive measures put in place.

If necessary, technical assistance must be called upon. assessments of complex apparatus or experiments which

constitute a signicant hazard must be documented in

writing. If in doubt, consult the person responsible for the

laboratory/workshop or the HSE Coordinator. The written

assessment must be readily accessible in close proximity to

the apparatus, and the person responsible for the laboratory/workshop must retain a copy outside the room in question.

all documentation concerning the apparatus/equipment

must be held collectively in safekeeping in a separate

folder which must be made readily accessible to all users

of the equipment in question. For further information about

apparatus safety cards, we refer to the chapter dealing withprotective equipment and hazard signage.


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10

BIOLOGICALAGENTS


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10.1 Denition of biological agents

Biological agents include living and dead microorganisms, cell

cultures, endoparasites and prions which can cause infections,

allergies and toxic reactions in humans. Biological agents maybe naturally-occurring or genetically modied.

Components of biological agents such as enzymes/proteins and

fatty acids are also regarded as non-living biological agents.

These can cause allergic and/or toxic reactions. Infections

caused by biological agents may also be carcinogenic, (e.g.the Human Papilloma Virus), or may cause foetal damage (e.g.

Toxoplasma gondii).

Living biological agents are classied into four infection risk

groups according to the level of infection risk they represent.


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10.2 Risk groups

Gr. Level of risk of infection

1 Does not normally cause infectious diseases in humans.

2 Can cause infectious diseases in humans and constitutes a hazard

to employees. It is unlikely that it will be transmitted into the wider

community, and under normal circumstances there exist preventive

measures or treatments.

3 Can cause serious infectious diseases in

laboratory and workshop handbook

Documents