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Laboratories Using Chemicals Committee

Second Draft Meeting for NFPA 45

Firetrace International

Scottsdale, AZ

February 11-12, 2014

AGENDA

1. Chair Minister calls meeting to order at 8:30 AM on February 11, 2014

2. Welcome & Self-Introduction of Committee Members & Guests

3. Chair & Staff Liaison Remarks

4. Technical Committee Update:

a. Review changes in Membership (See Attachment A)

5. Approve TC minutes from 1st Draft meeting in Annandale, NJ in May, 2013 (See Attachment B)

6. Review of Fall 2014 document revision cycle and procedures for this meeting (including PowerPoint Presentation).

7. Committee Correspondence

8. Task Group Reports

a. Explosion Hazard Task Group – Chair, Rich Palluzi

b. Laboratory Fire Prevention and Planning – Chair, Rich Andersen

c. Appendix D Task Group – Chair, Craig Hofmeister

9. Act on public comments to NFPA 45 and prepare Committee comments

10. Old Business

11. New Business & Determination of next meeting date and location (Not needed for this revision cycle unless NFPA 45 receives a NITMAM)

12. Adjournment

Address List No PhoneLaboratories Using Chemicals LAB-AAA

Susan Bershad01/23/2014

LAB-AAA

Andrew Minister

ChairBattelle Northwest Laboratory902 Battelle Blvd., MSIN J2-38PO Box 999Richland, WA 99352

U 4/1/1995LAB-AAA

Richard R. Anderson

PrincipalAnderson Risk Consultants209 Goat Hill RoadLambertville, NJ 08530Alternate: Gregory Jakubowski

SE 4/17/1998

LAB-AAA

Raymond E. Arntson

PrincipalRayden Research, LLC62200 East Sand Crest DriveTucson,, AZ 85739

SE 1/1/1991LAB-AAA

Michael F. Cooper

PrincipalHarley Ellis Devereaux26913 Northwestern Hwy, Suite 200Southfield, MI 48033Alternate: Louis Hartman

SE 7/16/2003

LAB-AAA

John L. Dembishack, III

PrincipalConnecticut State Fire Marshal’s OfficeOffice of State Fire Marshal1111 Country Club RoadMiddletown, CT 06457

E 7/1/1996LAB-AAA

William A. Eckholm

PrincipalFiretrace International8435 North 90th Street, Suite 2Scottsdale, AZ 85258Alternate: David Hoffman

M 10/23/2003

LAB-AAA

Jeffrey J. Foisel

PrincipalDow Corning CorporationPO Box 994, Mail Stop CO42M1Midland, MI 48686

U 3/1/2011LAB-AAA

Barbara L. Foster

PrincipalWest Virginia UniversityC. Eugene Bennett Department of ChemistryClark Hall100 Prospect Street, Room 217Morgantown, WV 26505Alternate: Stephanie Graham-Sims

U 10/27/2009

LAB-AAA

Scott T. Franson

PrincipalThe Viking Corporation210 North Industrial Park RoadHastings, MI 49058National Fire Sprinkler AssociationAlternate: Joseph R. Fowler

M 8/2/2010LAB-AAA

Kevin C. Gilkison

PrincipalLabconco Corporation8811 Prospect AvenueKansas City, MO 64132

M 4/1/1996

LAB-AAA

Brian K. Goodman

PrincipalLawrence Livermore National Laboratory7000 East AvenuePO Box 808, L-344Livermore, CA 94551-0808Alternate: John A. Sharry

U 1/14/2005LAB-AAA

William F. Guffey

PrincipalUniversity of MarylandOffice of the Fire Marshal3115 Chesapeaike BuildingCollege Park, MD 20742

E 03/05/2012

1



LAB-AAA

Craig E. Hofmeister

PrincipalThe Fire Consultants, Inc.182 Briarfield DriveApex, NC 27502-7007

SE 1/16/2003LAB-AAA

Michael E. Hudkins

PrincipalHillsborough County Fire RescueFire Prevention Division4523 New Dawn CourtLutz, FL 33558

E 03/05/2012

LAB-AAA

Jeffrey S. Kidd

PrincipalHiller New England Fire Protection, Inc.240 Ballardvale StreetWilmington, MA 01887Fire Suppression Systems AssociationAlternate: Mark L. Robin

IM 8/2/2010LAB-AAA

Robert C. Klein

PrincipalYale UniversityEnvironmental Health & Safety135 College StreetNew Haven, CT 06510

U 10/27/2009

LAB-AAA

Diane L. Kroll

PrincipalUS Department of Veterans AffairsVeterans Health Administration6636 Cedar Avenue SouthSuite 350, Room 317Richfield, MN 55423Alternate: Richard K. Hofman

U 7/29/2005LAB-AAA

John P. McCabe

PrincipalUS National Institutes of HealthDivision of the Fire MarshalSecurity and Emergency Response Program9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 15G-2Bethesda, MD 20892-2660Alternate: Samuel A. Denny

E 1/1/1989

LAB-AAA

Richard P. Palluzi

PrincipalExxonMobil Research & Engineering Company1545 Route 22 EastAnnandale, NJ 08801

U 7/29/2005LAB-AAA

Paul Pelczynski

PrincipalSiemens Building Technologies, Inc.1000 Deerfield ParkwayBuffalo Grove, IL 60089

M 7/16/2003

LAB-AAA

Rudolph Poblete

PrincipalKewaunee Scientific CorporationPO Box 1842Statesville, NC 28687-1842

M 1/1/1985LAB-AAA

Ajay V. Prasad

PrincipalHughes Associates, Inc.3610 Commerce Drive, Suite 817Baltimore, MD 21227-1652

SE 1/25/2007

LAB-AAA

David R. Quigley

PrincipalBabcock & Wilcox Y-12, LLCPO Box 2009, MS8048Oak Ridge, TN 37831-8048

U 4/17/2002LAB-AAA

Ricardo A. Ramirez

PrincipalTokio Marine Management, Inc.800 East Colorado BoulevardPasadena, CA 91101

I 3/1/2011

LAB-AAA

David S. Rausch

PrincipalPhoenix Controls Corporation75 Discovery WayActon, MA 01720

M 3/15/2007LAB-AAA

Stephen E. Waller

PrincipalHDR, Inc.7200 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 501Bethesda, MD 20814Alternate: Susan J. Johnson

SE 10/23/2003

2



LAB-AAA

Ronald J. Willey

Principal340 High StreetDedham, MA 02026

SE 07/29/2013LAB-AAA

Jason D. Johnson

Voting AlternateThe RJA Group, Inc.Rolf Jensen & Associates, Inc.13831 Northwest Freeway, Suite 330Houston, TX 77040Voting Alt. to RJA Rep.

SE 3/2/2010

LAB-AAA

Joseph J. Milligan, III

Voting AlternateGlaxoSmithKlineOne Franklin PlazaPO Box 7929Philadelphia, PA 19101-7929Voting Alt. to Glaxo Rep.

U 1/12/2000LAB-AAA

Samuel A. Denny

AlternateUS National Institutes of HealthDivision of the Fire Marshal9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 15G-2Bethesda, MD 20892-2660Principal: John P. McCabe

E 10/1/1999

LAB-AAA

Joseph R. Fowler

AlternateS.A. Comunale Company, Inc.2900 Newpark DriveBarberton, OH 44203National Fire Sprinkler AssociationPrincipal: Scott T. Franson

M 8/2/2010LAB-AAA

Stephanie Graham-Sims

AlternateWest Virginia UniversityHealth Sciences Center Safety OfficePO Box 9004Morgantown, WV 26554Principal: Barbara L. Foster

U 08/09/2012

LAB-AAA

Louis Hartman

AlternateHarley Ellis Devereaux26913 Northwestern Hwy, Suite 200Southfield, MI 48034Principal: Michael F. Cooper

SE 4/1/1996LAB-AAA

David Hoffman

AlternateFiretrace International8435 North 90th Street, Suite 2Scottsdale, AZ 85258Principal: William A. Eckholm

M 10/29/2012

LAB-AAA

Richard K. Hofman

AlternateUS Department of Veterans AffairsVeterans Health Administration810 Vermont Avenue, NWVHACO 10NA8, Office of OSHA & GEMSWashington, DC 20420Principal: Diane L. Kroll

U 10/29/2012LAB-AAA

Gregory Jakubowski

AlternateFire Planning Associates, Inc.Lingohocken Fire Company2163 Brookshire RoadFurlong, PA 18925-1253Principal: Richard R. Anderson

SE 07/29/2013

LAB-AAA

Susan J. Johnson

AlternateHDR, Inc.7200 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 501Bethesda, MD 20814Principal: Stephen E. Waller

SE 07/29/2013LAB-AAA

Mark L. Robin

AlternateDuPont Fluoroproducts107 Saint Andrews CourtMiddletown, DE 19709Fire Suppression Systems AssociationPrincipal: Jeffrey S. Kidd

IM 03/05/2012

3



LAB-AAA

John A. Sharry

AlternateLawrence Livermore National LaboratoryPO Box 808, L-388Livermore, CA 94551Principal: Brian K. Goodman

U 08/09/2012LAB-AAA

Hal Cohen

Member EmeritusHCC and Associates, Inc.3 Mill Park CourtNewark, DE 19713

SE 1/1/1995

LAB-AAA

John Fresina

Member Emeritus2101 Avalon DriveBedford, MA 01730

SE 1/1/1978LAB-AAA

Norman V. Steere

Member EmeritusNorman V. Steere & Associates, Inc.17060-116th Street NorthStilwater, MN 55082

SE 1/1/1969

LAB-AAA

Susan Bershad

Staff LiaisonNational Fire Protection Association1 Batterymarch ParkQuincy, MA 02169-7471

09/05/2012

4

of 2

LAB-AAA

Technical Committee on Laboratories Using Chemicals

First Draft Meeting for NFPA 45

Wednesday, May 1st – Friday, May 3rd, 2013

Members Present Alternate Present Andrew Minister yes Jeffrey Foisel Richard Anderson yes Raymond E. Arnston William Barlen yes Michael Cooper yes Louis Hartman John Dembishack, III yes Darren Cooke William Eckholm David Hoffman yes Barbara Foster Yes -

phone Stephanie Graham-

Simms

Scott Franson yes Joseph Fowler yes Kevin Gilkison Yes Luke Savage Brian K. Goodman John A. Sharry William Guffey yes Craig E. Hofmeister yes Michael E. Hudkins Jeffrey S. Kidd Mark L. Robin Yes-

phone Robert C. Klein yes Diane Kroll Richard K. Hofman Yes -

phone John P. McCabe Samuel Denny yes Richard P. Palluzi yes Paul Pelczynski Yes – by

phone

Rudolph Poblete yes Ajay V. Prasad Yes-

phone

Peter Puhlick David Quigley

of 2

Ricardo A. Ramirez David S. Rausch Kenneth Crooks Steven E. Waller yes Jason D. Johnson Susan Johnson – guest yes Susan Bershad - NFPA Joe Milligan yes

1.0 Meeting was called to order at 8:20 AM on May 1st 2.0 Meeting and web conference attendees were self-introduced and their attendance recorded

(see above for attendance list) 3.0 Minutes of the last meeting were approved as written 4.0 NFPA staff liaison, Susan Bershad, gave updates of the new NFPA process, committee

membership and newly appointed members. 5.0 The technical committee reviewed and acted on the public input and the task group

generated first revisions for NFPA 45 6.0 A motion was made and approved for the staff liaison to update all document references to

current revisions as appropriate for the first draft. 7.0 The technical committee adjourned at 5PM on Weds., May 1st. 8.0 The technical committee reconvened at 8 AM on Thursday, May 2nd and continued to review

and act on public input and task group generated first revisions until 5 PM. 9.0 The technical committee reconvened at 8 AM on Friday, May 3rd and continued to review

and act on public input and task group generated first revisions. 10.0 Three task groups were set up to address issues for the second draft. These are as

follows: 10.1 Explosion Hazard Task Group – Chair, Rich Palluzi, Steve Waller, Rob Klein, Craig

Hofmeister, Richand Andersen, Andy Minister 10.2 Laboratory Fire Prevention and Planning – Chair, Rich Andersen, Bill Guffey 10.3 Appendix D Task Group – Chair, Craig Hofmeister, John Dembishack, Steve

Waller, Rich Palluzi 11.0 The next meeting of the Technical Committee will be held in Q1 2014. Phoenix or New

Haven were proposed as possible meeting locations. The chair will poll the committee as to their preference.

12.0 The meeting was adjourned at 1:45 PM on Friday, May 3rd.

2014 FALL REVISION CYCLE *Public Input Dates may vary according to standards and schedules for Revision Cycles may change. Please check the NFPA Website for the most up‐to‐date information on Public Input Closing Dates and schedules at

www.nfpa.org/document# (i.e. www.nfpa.org/101) and click on the Next Edition tab.

Process Stage

Process Step

Dates for TC

Dates forTC with

CC Public Input Closing Date* 1/4/2013 1/4/2013

Final Date for TC First Draft Meeting 6/14/2013 3/15/2013

Public Input Posting of First Draft and TC Ballot 8/2/2013 4/26/2013

Stage Final date for Receipt of TC First Draft ballot 8/23/2013 5/17/2013

(First Draft) Final date for Receipt of TC First Draft ballot ‐ recirc 8/30/2013 5/24/2013

Posting of First Draft for CC Meeting 5/31/2013

Final date for CC First Draft Meeting 7/21/2013

Posting of First Draft and CC Ballot 8/2/2013

Final date for Receipt of CC First Draft ballot 8/23/2013

Final date for Receipt of CC First Draft ballot ‐ recirc 8/30/2013

Post First Draft Report for Public Comment 9/6/2013 9/6/2013

Public Comment Closing Date for Paper Submittal* 10/11/2013 10/11/2013

Public Comment Closing Date for Online Submittal (e‐PC)* 11/15/2013 11/15/2013

Final Date to Publish Notice of Consent Standards (Standards that received no Comments)

11/29/2013 11/29/2013

Appeal Closing Date for Consent Standards (Standards that received no Comments)

12/13/2013 12/13/2013

Final date for TC Second Draft Meeting 5/2/2014 1/24/2014

Comment Posting of Second Draft and TC Ballot 6/13/2014 3/7/2014

Stage Final date for Receipt of TC Second Draft ballot 7/7/2014 3/28/2014

(Second Final date for receipt of TC Second Draft ballot ‐ recirc 7/14/2014 4/4/2014

Draft) Posting of Second Draft for CC Meeting 4/11/2014

Final date for CC Second Draft Meeting 5/23/2014

Posting of Second Draft for CC Ballot 6/13/2014

Final date for Receipt of CC Second Draft ballot 7/3/2014

Final date for Receipt of CC Second Draft ballot ‐ recirc 7/11/2014

Post Second Draft Report for NITMAM Review 7/18/2014 7/18/2014

Tech Session Notice of Intent to Make a Motion (NITMAM) Closing Date 8/22/2014 8/22/2014

Preparation Posting of Certified Amending Motions (CAMs) and Consent Standards

10/17/2014 10/17/2014

(& Issuance) Appeal Closing Date for Consent Standards 11/1/2014 11/1/2014

SC Issuance Date for Consent Standards 11/11/2014 11/11/2014

Tech Session Association Meeting for Standards with CAMs 6/22‐25/2015 6/22‐25/2015

Appeals and Appeal Closing Date for Standards with CAMs 7/15/2015 7/15/2015

Issuance SC Issuance Date for Standards with CAMs 8/20/2015 8/20/2015

Approved___ October 18, 2011 _ Revised____March 7, 2013____________

ProposedChangestoNFPA‐45regardingExplosionHazardProtection

1

Chapter 1 Administration 1.1 Scope. 1.1.1 This standard shall apply to laboratory buildings, laboratory units, and laboratory work areas whether located above or below grade in which chemicals, as defined, are handled or stored. 1.1.2 This standard shall not apply to the following: (1)*Laboratories for which the following conditions apply:

(a) Laboratory units that contain less than or equal to 4 L (1 gal) of flammable or combustible liquid (b) Laboratory units that contain less than 2.2 standard m3 (75 SCF) of flammable gas, not including piped-in low-pressure utility gas installed in accordance with NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code (2)*Laboratories that are pilot plants (3) Laboratories that handle only chemicals with a hazard rating of 0 or 1, as defined by NFPA 704, Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response, for all of the following: health, flammability, and instability (4) Laboratories that are primarily manufacturing plants (5) Incidental testing facilities (6) Physical, electronic, instrument, laser, or similar laboratories that use chemicals only for incidental purposes, such as cleaning (7)*Hazards associated with radioactive materials, as covered by NFPA 801, Standard for Fire Protection for Facilities Handling Radioactive Materials (8) Laboratories that work only with explosive material, as covered by NFPA 495, Explosive Materials Code (9) *A laboratory work area considered to containcontaining an explosion hazard great enough to cause major property damage or serious injury outside that laboratory work area.

1.1.3 A laboratory work area can contain an explosion hazard if an explosion of quantities or concentrations of reactive materials could result in serious or fatal injuries to personnel within that laboratory work area. Such quantities or concentrations include, but are not limited to, the following (see Annex C):

(1) Storage of greater than 0.45 kg (1 lb) of materials with an instability hazard rating of 4 (see B.2.5) (2) Use or formation of greater than 0.11 kg (0.25 lb) of materials with an instability hazard rating of 4 (see B.2.5) (3)*Presence of highly exothermic reactions in glass or open reaction vessels involving more than 10 g (0.35 oz.) of materials such as polymerizations, oxidations, nitrations, peroxidations, hydrogenations, or organo-metallic reactions (4) Use or formation in glass or open reaction vessels involving more than 10 g (0.35 oz.) of materials whose chemical structures indicate a potential hazard, but whose properties have not been established, such as salts of alkenes, triple bonds, epoxy radicals, nitro and nitroso compounds, and peroxides (5) Other explosion hazards as determined by a qualified person

In this case NFPA-45, supplemented by appropriate shielding, handling and similar protective measures does apply. 1.1.4 A laboratory work area canmay contain an explosion hazard if an explosion of quantities or concentrations of flammable gases or vapors or combustible materials could result in serious or fatal injuries to personnel within that laboratory work area. In this case NFPA-45 does apply

(9) A laboratory work area considered to contain an explosion hazard. A laboratory work area can be considered to contain an explosion hazard if an explosion of quantities or concentrations of materials could result in serious or fatal injuries to personnel within that laboratory work area. Such quantities or concentrations include, but are not limited to, the following (see Annex C):

(1) Storage of greater than 0.45 kg (1 lb) of materials with an instability hazard rating of 4 (see B.2.5) (2) Use or formation of greater than 0.11 kg (0.25 lb) of materials with an instability hazard rating of 4 (see B.2.5) (3)*Presence of highly exothermic reactions in glass or open reaction vessels involving more than 10 g (0.35 oz.) of materials such as polymerizations, oxidations, nitrations, peroxidations, hydrogenations, or organo-metallic reactions (4) Use or formation in glass or open reaction vessels involving more than 10 g (0.35 oz.) of materials whose chemical structures indicate a potential hazard, but whose properties have not been established, such as salts of alkenes, triple bonds, epoxy radicals, nitro and nitroso compounds, and peroxides (5) Presence of high-pressure reactions (see Figure C.4.5) (6) Other explosion hazards as determined by a qualified person

A laboratory unit shall not be considered to contain an explosion hazard unless a laboratory work area within that unit contains an explosion hazard great enough to cause major property damage or serious injury outside that laboratory work area.

1.1.3 This standard contains requirements, but not all-inclusive requirements, for handling and storage of chemicals where laboratory-scale operations are conducted and shall not cover the following:

Formatted: Indent: Left: 0"

Commented [AGM1]: Annex C is referenced under 1.1.2 (9) Annex A note. It is not needed here.

Formatted: Highlight



Formatted: Font: Not Italic

Formatted: Indent: Left: 0.5"



2

(1) The special fire protection required when handling explosive materials (See NFPA 495, Explosive Materials Code.) (2) The special fire protection required when handling radioactive materials

1.2 Purpose. 1.2.1 The purpose of this standard shall be to provide basic requirements for the protection of life and property through prevention and control of fires and explosions involving the use of chemicals in laboratory-scale operations. 1.2.2 This standard is designed to control hazards and protect personnel from the toxic, corrosive, or other harmful effects of chemicals to which personnel might be exposed as a result of fire or explosion. 1.2.3 The goal of this standard shall be to achieve a comprehensive laboratory fire prevention and protection program to prevent injury or death to occupants and emergency response personnel. 1.2.4 The objectives of this standard shall be as follows:

(1) Limit injury to the occupants at the point of fire origin (2) Limit injury to emergency response personnel (3) Limit property loss to a maximum of a single laboratory unit

1.2.5 It is not the objective of this standard to address financial losses such as business interruption or property loss when the loss of a laboratory unit is unacceptable.


3

4.3 Laboratory Work Area and Laboratory Unit Explosion Hazard Classification. 4.3.1* A laboratory work area shall be considered to contain an explosion hazard if an explosion of quantities or concentrations of materials could result in serious or fatal injuries to personnel within that laboratory work area. Such quantities or concentrations include, but are not limited to, the following (see Annex C):

(1) Storage of greater than 0.45 kg (1 lb) of materials with an instability hazard rating of 4 (see B.2.5) (2) Use or formation of greater than 0.11 kg (0.25 lb) of materials with an instability hazard rating of 4 (see B.2.5) (3)*Presence of highly exothermic reactions in glass or open reaction vessels involving more than 10 g (0.35 oz.) of materials such as polymerizations, oxidations, nitrations, peroxidations, hydrogenations, or organo-metallic reactions (4) Use or formation in glass or open reaction vessels involving more than 10 g (0.35 oz.) of materials whose chemical structures indicate a potential hazard, but whose properties have not been established, such as salts of alkenes, triple bonds, epoxy radicals, nitro and nitroso compounds, and peroxides (5) Presence of high-pressure reactions (see Figure C.4.5) (6) Other explosion hazards as determined by a qualified person

4.3.2 A laboratory unit shall not be considered to contain an explosion hazard unless a laboratory work area within that unit contains an explosion hazard great enough to cause major property damage or serious injury outside that laboratory work area.


4

Chapter 7 Explosion Hazard Protection 7.1 General. 7.1.1 When a laboratory work area or a laboratory unit is considered to contain an explosion hazard, as defined in 4.3.1 and 4.3.2, appropriate protection shall be provided for the occupants of the laboratory work area, the laboratory unit, adjoining laboratory units, and non-laboratory areas. (See Annex C for further information.) 7.1.2 Protection shall be provided by one or more of the following: (1) Limiting amounts of flammable or reactive chemicals or chemicals with unknown characteristics used in or exposed by experiments (2) Special preventive or protective measures for the reactions, equipment, or materials themselves (e.g., high-speed fire detection with deluge sprinklers, explosion-resistant equipment or enclosures, explosion suppression, and explosion venting directed to a safe location) (3) Explosion-resistant walls or barricades around the laboratory work area containing the explosion hazard (see Section 7.2) (4) Remote control of equipment to minimize personnel exposure (5) Sufficient deflagration venting in outside walls to maintain the integrity of the walls separating the hazardous laboratory work area or laboratory unit from adjoining areas (6) Conducting experiments in a detached or isolated building, or outdoors 7.2 Explosions-Resistant Construction. When explosion-resistant construction is used, adequately designed explosion resistance Shall be achieved by the use of one of the following methods:

(1) Reinforced concrete walls (2) Reinforced and fully grouted concrete block walls (3) Steel walls (4) Steel plate walls with energy-absorbing linings (5) Barricades, such as those used for explosives operations, Constructed of reinforced concrete, sand-filled/wood-sandwich walls, wood-lined steel plate, or earthen or rock berms (6) Specifically engineered construction assemblies

7.3 Explosion Venting. When explosion venting is used, it shall be designed as follows: (1) so that fragments will not strike other occupied buildings or emergency response staging areas (2) so that fragments will not strike critical equipment (e.g., production, storage, utility services, and fire protection) (3)*So that fragments will be intercepted by blast mats, energy-absorbing barrier walls, or earthen berms

7.4 Unauthorized Access. Properly posted doors, gates, fences, or other barriers shall be provided to prevent unauthorized access To the following:

(1) Laboratory work areas containing an explosion hazard (2) Laboratory units containing an explosion hazard (3) The space between explosion vents and fragment barriers

7.5 Inspection and Maintenance. 7.5.1 Inspection of all protective construction devices and systems shall be conducted at least annually. 7.5.2 Required maintenance shall be done to assure integrity and operability. 7.5.3* Explosion shields and special explosion-containing hoods shall be inspected prior to each use for deterioration, especially transparent shields and sight panels in special explosion containing hoods.


5

Annex A Explanatory Material Annex A is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document but is included for informational purposes only. This annex contains explanatory material, numbered to correspond with the applicable text paragraphs. A.1.1.2(1) Either condition of 1.1.2(1) meeting the minimum quantity will bring the lab within the scope of NFPA45.A school lab with a low pressure natural gas system supplying Bunsen burners (with less than the minimum quantities of combustible or flammable liquids and less than the minimum quantities of other flammable gases) is an example of a lab outside the scope of NFPA 45. A.1.1.2(2) The hazards of pilot plants are primarily based on the process, the chemistry, and the equipment, not the laboratory environment. A.1.1.2(7) NFPA 801, Standard for Fire Protection for Facilities Handling Radioactive Materials, provides direction for controlling hazards associated with radioactive materials. NFPA 801 should be used only for issues related to radioactive materials in a laboratory. All other nonradioactive, laboratory issues are covered by NFPA 45. A.1.1.2(9) While NFPA-45 no longerdoes not covers laboratories which contain an explosion hazard great enough to cause major property damage or serious injury outside that laboratory work area., information from previous additions can be found in Annex C provides guidance on management of explosion hazards and the consequences of explosions.



6

A.7.3(3) For further information on venting, see NFPA 68, Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting. A.7.5.3 A protective coating, such as mineral oil, can be applied to transparent sight panels exposed to corrosive vapors.


7

Annex C Supplementary Information on Explosion Hazards and Protection This annex is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document but is included for informational purposes only. C.1 Scope. This annex is intended to provide laboratory management with information to assist in understanding the potential consequences of an explosion in a laboratory and the need for adequately designed protection. It is not intended to be a design manual. C.# General. C.#.1 When a laboratory work area or a laboratory unit is considered to contain an explosion hazard great enough to cause major property damage or serious injury outside that laboratory work area,. appropriate protection should be provided for the occupants of the laboratory work area, the laboratory unit, adjoining laboratory units, and non-laboratory areas. C#.2 Protection should be provided by one or more of the following: (1) Limiting amounts of flammable or reactive chemicals or chemicals with unknown characteristics used in or exposed by experiments (2) Special preventive or protective measures for the reactions, equipment, or materials themselves (e.g., high-speed fire detection with deluge sprinklers, explosion-resistant equipment or enclosures, explosion suppression, and explosion venting directed to a safe location) (3) Explosion-resistant walls or barricades around the laboratory work area containing the explosion hazard (see Section 7.2) (4) Remote control of equipment to minimize personnel exposure (5) Sufficient deflagration venting in outside walls and/or roofs to maintain the integrity of the walls separating the hazardous laboratory work area or laboratory unit from adjoining areas (6) Conducting experiments in a detached or isolated building, or outdoors C.#2 Explosions-Resistant Construction. When explosion-resistant construction is used, adequately designed explosion resistance should be achieved by the use of one of the following methods:

(1) Reinforced concrete walls (2) Reinforced and fully grouted concrete block walls (3) Steel walls (4) Steel plate walls with energy-absorbing linings (5) Barricades, such as those used for explosives operations, Constructed of reinforced concrete, sand-filled/wood-sandwich walls, wood-lined steel plate, or earthen or rock berms (6) Specifically engineered construction assemblies

C#.3 Explosion Venting. When explosion venting is used, it should be designed as follows: (1) so that fragments will not strike other occupied buildings or emergency response staging areas (2) so that fragments will not strike critical equipment (e.g., production, storage, utility services, and fire protection) (3)*So that fragments will be intercepted by blast mats, energy-absorbing barrier walls, or earthen berms

C#.4 Unauthorized Access. Properly posted doors, gates, fences, or other barriers should be provided to prevent unauthorized access to the following:

(1) Laboratory work areas containing an explosion hazard (2) Laboratory units containing an explosion hazard (3) The space between explosion vents and fragment barriers

C#.5 Inspection and Maintenance. C#.5.1 Inspection of all protective construction devices and systems should be conducted at least annually. C#.5.2 Required maintenance should be done to assure integrity and operability. C#.5.3* Explosion shields and special explosion-containing hoods should be inspected prior to each use for deterioration, especially transparent shields and sight panels in special explosion containing hoods. C.2 Explosion. An explosion is the bursting or rupture of an enclosure or a container due to the development of internal pressure from a deflagration. [NFPA 69, 2008] Reactive explosions are further categorized as deflagrations, detonations, and thermal explosions. C.2.1 Container Failure. When a container is pressurized beyond its burst strength, it can violently tear asunder (explode). A container failure can produce subsonic, sonic, or supersonic shock waves, depending on the cause of the internal pressure. C.2.1.1 The energy released by failure of a vessel containing a gas or liquid is the sum of the energy of pressurization of the fluid and the strain energy in the vessel walls due to pressure induced deformation. C.2.1.2 In pressurized gas systems, the energy in the compressed gas represents a large proportion of the total energy released in a vessel rupture, whereas in pressurized liquid systems, the strain energy in the container walls represents the more significant portion of the total explosion energy available, especially in high-pressure systems. C.2.1.3 Small-volume liquid systems pressurized to over 34,500 kPa (5000 psi), large-volume systems at low pressures, or systems contained by vessels made of materials that exhibit high elasticity should be evaluated for energy release potential under accident conditions. This does not imply that nonelastic materials of construction are preferred. Materials with predictable failure modes are preferred. C.2.1.4 Liquid systems containing entrained air or gas store more potential energy and are, therefore, more hazardous than totally liquid systems because the gas becomes the driving force behind the liquid.


8

C.2.1.5 For gas-pressurized liquid systems, such as nitrogen over oil, an evaluation of the explosion energy should be made for both the lowest and highest possible liquid levels. C.2.1.6 For two-phase systems, such as carbon dioxide, an energy evaluation should be made for the entire system in the gas phase, and the expansion of the maximum available liquid to the gas phase should then be considered. C.2.2 Deflagration. A deflagration is propagation of a combustion zone at a velocity that is less than the speed of sound in the unreacted medium. [68, 2007] C.2.2.1 The reaction rate is proportional to the increasing pressure of the reaction. A deflagration can, under some conditions, accelerate and build into a detonation. C.2.2.2 The deflagration-to-detonation transition (D-D-T) is influenced by confinement containment that allows compression waves to advance and create higher pressures that continue to increase the deflagration rates. This is commonly called pressure piling. C.2.3 Detonation. C.2.3.1 A detonation is propagation of a combustion zone at a velocity that is greater than the speed of sound in the unreacted medium. [68, 2007] C.2.3.2 A detonation causes a high-pressure shock wave to propagate outwardly, through the surrounding environment, at velocities above the speed of sound. C.2.4 Thermal Explosion. A thermal explosion is a self-accelerating exothermic decomposition that occurs throughout the entire mass, with no separate, distinct reaction zone. C.2.4.1 A thermal explosion can accelerate into a detonation. C.2.4.2 The peak pressure and rate of pressure rise in a thermal explosion are directly proportional to the amount of material undergoing reaction per unit volume of the container. This is quite unlike gas or vapor explosions, where the loading density is normally fixed by the combustible mixture at one atmosphere. The Frank-Kamenetskii theory is useful in evaluating the critical mass in the thermal explosion of solids. C.3 Effects of Explosions. C.3.1 Personnel Exposure. Personnel exposed to the effects of an explosion are susceptible to injury from the following:

(1) Missiles and explosion-dispersed materials (2) Thermal and corrosive burns (3) Inhalation of explosion products (4) Overpressure, including incident, reflection-reinforced incident, and sustained overpressure (5) Body blowdown and whole-body displacement Injuries from missiles and explosion-dispersed materials, burns, and inhalation of toxic gases account for the majority of injuries related to small explosions. Approximation of hysiological damage due to explosions is given in Table C.3.1(a) and Table C.3.1(b).

C.3.2 Damage to Structural Elements. The potential for damage to high-value buildings and equipment also warrants special consideration. Failure of building components should not be overlooked as a source of injury to personnel. C.3.2.1 Where the incident impulse is reinforced by reflection, as will be the case in large explosions within or near structures, the incident peak pressures for given damage are substantially lowered. The reflected pressure might be from 2 to 19 times greater than the incident pressure, depending on the magnitude of the incident pressure and the distance from reflecting surfaces. However, when a small explosion located more than a few inches from a reflecting surface has a TNT equivalence of less than 100 g (3.5 oz.), the reinforcement phenomenon is negligible because of the rapid decay of both the incident pressure wave and the reflected pressure wave with distance. C.3.2.2 Thermal explosions and deflagrations having impulses with rates of pressure rise greater than 20 milliseconds require peak pressures approximately three times those of detonations in order to produce similar damage. C.3.2.3 A sustained overpressure will result when a large explosion occurs in a building with few openings or inadequate explosion venting. This sustained overpressure is more damaging than a short duration explosion of equivalent rate of pressure rise and peak pressure. Explosions with TNT equivalencies of less than 100 g (3.5 oz.) would not be expected to create significant sustained overpressures, except in small enclosures. (For small explosions, burns, inhalation of toxic gases, and missile injuries usually exceed blast wave injuries.) C.4 Hazard Analysis. C.4.1 The determination of the degree of hazard presented by a specific operation is a matter of judgment. An explosion hazard should be evaluated in terms of likelihood, severity, and the consequences of an explosion, as well as the protection required to substantially reduce the hazard. A review of the explosion hazard analysis by an appropriate level of management is recommended. C.4.2 The severity of an explosion is measured in terms of the rate of pressure rise, peak explosion pressure, impulse, duration of the overpressure, dynamic pressure, velocity of the propagating pressure wave, and residual overpressures. The effects of an explosion within an enclosure, such as a laboratory hood, laboratory work area, or laboratory unit can be far more severe than the effects of a similar explosion in an open space. Of primary importance is the missile hazard. Some explosions, such as in over pressurized lightweight glassware, can generate pressure waves that, in themselves, do not endanger personnel, but the resulting fragments can blind, otherwise injure, or kill the experimenter. An explosion that develops pressures sufficient to endanger personnel in a laboratory work area usually will present a serious missile hazard. Consideration of missile hazards should include primary missiles from the vessel in which the explosion originates, secondary missiles accelerated by the expanding blast wave,


9

and the mass, shape, and velocity of the missiles. It should be noted that an improperly anchored or inadequately designed shield also can become a missile. The possibility of flames and dispersion of hot, corrosive, or toxic materials likewise should be considered. C.4.3 The likelihood of an explosion is estimated by considering such factors as the properties of the reactants; history of the reaction based on literature search, and so forth; possible intermediates and reaction products; pressure, volume, stored energy, design integrity, and safety factors of reaction vessels; pressure relief provisions, in the case of pressure vessels; and explosive limits, quantities, oxygen enrichment, and so forth, of flammable gases or vapors. The term likelihood, rather than probability, is used to describe an estimated event frequency based on experience, knowledge, or intuitive reasoning, rather than on statistical data. In general, there will be insufficient data to develop mathematical probabilities. C.4.4 The consequences of an explosion can be estimated by considering the interactions of the explosion with personnel, equipment, and building components at varying distances from the center of the explosion. This analysis should include the following:

(1) Numbers and locations of personnel (2) Injury and fatality potentials (3) Repair or replacement cost of equipment (4) Ability of the building or room or equipment to withstand the explosion and the cost to restore the facility and equipment (5) Adverse impact on research and development and business interruption costs as a result of loss of use of the facility

C.4.5 Figure C.4.5 provides guidance on distinguishing between high-pressure and low-pressure reactions. Items in C.4.5.1 through C.4.5.3 apply to the classification of reactions in vessels as either high pressure or low pressure. Table C.3.1(a) Blast Effects from Detonations Table C.3.1(b) Criteria for Estimating Missile Injuries C.4.5.1 Reactions that produce pressures below the curve in Figure C.4.5 are classified as low-pressure reactions. An exception to this paragraph follows: Experimental reactions involving materials that are known to be inherently unstable, such as reactions with acetylenic compounds and certain oxidations, such as halogenations or nitrations, should be considered high-pressure reactions, even though they might fall below the curve in Figure C.4.5. C.4.5.2 Reactions that produce pressures above the curve in Figure C.4.5 should be classified as high-pressure reactions. An exception to this paragraph follows: Routine reactions where pressures and temperatures are expected between certain predetermined limits based on long experience or routine work might be considered low-pressure reactions, if the reaction vessel is built of suitable materials, has an adequate safety factor, and is provided with pressure relief in the form of a properly designed safety relief valve or a rupture disc that discharges to a safe location. C.4.5.3 Items C.4.5.3.1 through C.4.5.3.4 contain recommendations for protecting against explosion hazards of reactions conducted above atmospheric pressures. C.4.5.3.1 High-pressure experimental reactions should be conducted behind a substantial fixed barricade that is capable of withstanding the expected lateral forces. The barricade should be firmly supported at top and bottom to take these forces. At least one wall should be provided with explosion venting directed to a safe location. (See NFPA 68, Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting.) C.4.5.3.2 Reaction vessels should be built of suitable materials of construction and should have an adequate safety factor. C.4.5.3.3 All reaction vessels should be provided with a pressure relief valve or a rupture disc. C.4.5.3.4 Low-pressure reactions should be conducted in or behind portable barricades. C.5 Explosion Hazard Protection. C.5.1 It is important to remember that a conventional laboratory hood is not designed to provide explosion protection. C.5.2 The design of explosion hazard protection measures should be based on the following considerations:

(1) Blast effects, as follows: (a) Impulse (b) Rate and duration of pressure rise (c) Peak pressure (d) Duration of overpressure (e) Velocity of the propagating pressure wave (f) Residual overpressure and underpressure

(2) Missiles, as follows: (a) Physical properties of the material (b) Mass (c) Shape (d) Velocity

C.5.3 Protection can be provided by one or more of the following methods:


10

(1) Providing special preventive or protective measures (such as explosion suppression, high-speed fire detection with deluge sprinklers, explosion venting directed to a safe location, or explosion-resistant enclosures) for reactions, equipment, or the reactants themselves (2) Using remote control to minimize personnel exposure (3) Conducting experiments in a detached or isolated building, or outdoors (4) Providing explosion-resistant walls or barricades around the laboratory (5) Limiting the quantities of flammable or reactive chemicals used in or exposed by the experiments (6) Limiting the quantities of reactants of unknown characteristics to fractional gram amounts until the properties of intermediate and final products are well established (7) Providing sufficient explosion venting in outside walls to maintain the integrity of the walls separating the hazardous laboratory work area from adjacent areas (Inside walls should be of explosion-resistant construction.) (8) Disallowing the use of explosion hazard areas for other nonexplosion hazard uses (9) Locating offices, conference rooms, lunchrooms, and so forth, remote from the explosion hazard area

C.5.4 Explosion-Resistant Hoods and Shields. Laboratory personnel can be protected by specially designed explosion resistant hoods or shields for TNT equivalencies up to 1.0 g (0.04 oz.). For slightly greater TNT equivalencies, specially designed hoods provided with explosion venting are required. For TNT equivalencies greater than 2.0 g (0.07 oz.), explosion resistant construction, isolation, or other protective methods should be used. C.5.4.1 Conventional laboratory hoods are not designed to provide explosion protection. C.5.4.2 When explosion-resistant hoods or shields are used, they should be designed, located, supported, and anchored so as to do the following:

(1) Withstand the effects of the explosion (2) Vent overpressures, injurious substances, flames, and heat to a safe location (3) Contain missiles and fragments (4) Prevent the formation of secondary missiles caused by failure of hood or shield components

Table C.4.5 C.5.4.3 Commercially available explosion shields should be evaluated against the criteria of C.5.4.2 for the specific hazard. C.5.4.4 Mild steel plate offers several advantages for hood and shield construction. It is economical, easy to fabricate, and tends to fail, at least initially, by bending and tearing, rather than by spalling, shattering, or splintering. The use of mirrors or closed-circuit television to view the experiments allows the use of nontransparent shields without hampering the experimenter. C.5.4.5 When transparent shields are necessary for viewing purposes, the most common materials used are safety glass, wire-reinforced glass, and acrylic or polycarbonate plastic. Each of these materials, although providing some missile penetration resistance, has a distinct failure mode. Glass shields tend to fragment into shards and to spall on the side away from the explosion. Plastics tend to fail by cracking and breaking into distinct pieces. Also, plastics can lose strength with age, exposure to reactants, or mechanical action. Polycarbonates exhibit superior toughness compared to acrylics. Glass panels and plastic composite panels (safety glass backed with polycarbonate, with the safety glass toward the explosion hazard) have been suggested as an improved shield design. The glass blunts sharp missiles, and the polycarbonate contains any glass shards and provides additional resistance to the impulse load. C.5.5 Explosion-Resistant Construction. As explained in C.5.4, explosion-resistant construction can be required for TNT equivalencies greater than 2.0 g (0.07 oz.). Explosion-resistant construction should be designed based on the anticipated blast wave, defined in terms of peak impulse pressure and pulse duration, and the worst-case expected missile hazard, in terms of material, mass, shape, and velocity. Missile velocities of 305 m/sec to 1220 m/sec (1000 ft/sec to 4000 ft/sec) normally can be expected. C.5.5.1 The response of a wall to an explosive shock is a function of the pressure applied and of the time period over which the pressure is applied. The pressure-time product is known as impulse. Detonations of small quantities of explosive materials usually involve very short periods of time (tenths of milliseconds) and high average pressure. Gaseous deflagrations usually involve longer time periods and low average pressures. C.5.5.2 Information on design of explosion-resistant walls and barricades can be obtained from references in Annex G. C.5.6 Explosion Venting. Peak pressure and impulse loadings resulting from deflagrations (not detonations) can be significantly reduced by adequate explosion venting. (See NFPA 68, Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting, for information on calculating required vent areas.) C.5.6.1 Explosion vents should be designed and located so that fragments will not strike occupied buildings or areas where personnel could be located. Blast mats, energy absorbing barriers, or earthen berms can be used to interrupt the flight of fragments. C.5.6.2 An air blast, unlike a missile, is not interrupted by an obstacle in its line of travel. Instead, the blast wave will diffract around the obstacle and, except for slight energy losses, is essentially fully reconstituted within five to six obstacle dimensions beyond the obstacle. However, in the case of a small [TNT equivalence of 100 g (3.5 oz.) or less] explosion, the wave decay with distance can more than offset the reinforcement phenomena.

Formatted: Font: (Default) NewBaskerville-Roman, 9 pt

Public Comment No. 13-NFPA 45-2013 [ Section No. 1.3.3 ]

1.3.3

Due to the special nature of laboratories using chemicals, this standard modifies and supplements existingcodes and standards so as to apply more specifically to buildings or portions of buildings devoted tolaboratory-scale operations.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Comment

We are in agreement with the technical committee that the proposed new section is not needed and that AHJ can determine the applicability of codes and standards. We recommend consideration be given to study the need to convert NFPA 45 from a standard to a code for laboratories.As Section 1.3.3 states, this standard modifies and supplements existing codes and standards so as to apply more specifically to buildings or portions of buildings devoted to laboratory-scale operations. The criteria in this standard establishes and excellent benchmark for safety in laboratory-scale operations which differ considerably from building codes in that it specifies laboratory units based upon a density method and maximum quantity per laboratory unit as opposed to the control area method that building codes utilize based only upon maximum quantity. The building codes have unrealistic restrictions on the amount of chemicals that can be stored at higher floors whereas NFPA 45 reduces this restriction but adds the requirement for automatic sprinkler systems for new laboratories, sealing floor penetrations liquid tight, and other safety requirements. With research facilities at Colleges and Universities growing, NFPA 45 provides a more realistic and stable approach to support this growth. Applying NFPA 45 as a standard in conjunction with existing building codes presents too many conflicts to apply in a reasonable fashion to new construction and/or renovations to existing structures. Applying existing building codes to existing buildings, many built prior to the control area concept, severely limits the use and upgrade of existing laboratory buildings. NFPA 45, with the density method, would allow better use of buildings, especially multi-story buildings, where the owner agrees to limit the density to NFPA 45 requirements. A code is needed to specifically address laboratory-scale operations and facilities.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Bill Galloway

Organization: Southern Regional Fire Code De

Street Address:

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Zip:

Submittal Date: Tue Oct 29 14:59:14 EDT 2013

Copyright Assignment

I, Bill Galloway, hereby irrevocably grant and assign to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) all and full rights in copyright in thisPublic Comment (including both the Proposed Change and the Statement of Problem and Substantiation). I understand and intend that Iacquire no rights, including rights as a joint author, in any publication of the NFPA in which this Public Comment in this or another similar orderivative form is used. I hereby warrant that I am the author of this Public Comment and that I have full power and authority to enter intothis copyright assignment.

By checking this box I affirm that I am Bill Galloway, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and the termsand conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will, upon mysubmission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature

National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentPara...

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2.3.4 ASTM Publications.

ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.

ASTM D 5, Standard Test Method of Penetration of Bituminous Materials, 2006 e1.

ASTM E 84, Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, 2012c 2013a .


date update


Submitter Full Name: Marcelo Hirschler

Organization: GBH International

Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:

Submittal Date: Mon Nov 04 21:37:33 EST 2013


I, Marcelo Hirschler, hereby irrevocably grant and assign to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) all and full rights in copyright inthis Public Comment (including both the Proposed Change and the Statement of Problem and Substantiation). I understand and intend thatI acquire no rights, including rights as a joint author, in any publication of the NFPA in which this Public Comment in this or another similaror derivative form is used. I hereby warrant that I am the author of this Public Comment and that I have full power and authority to enter intothis copyright assignment.

By checking this box I affirm that I am Marcelo Hirschler, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and theterms and conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will,upon my submission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature


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3.3.8* Chemical.

A substance with one or more of the following hazard ratings as defined in NFPA 704, Standard Systemfor the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response : Health — 2, 3, or 4;Flammability — 2, 3, or 4; Instability — 2, 3, or 4. (See also Section B.2 . (See 9.1 )


This definition is in conflict withe NFPA requirements that definitions cannot refer to other documents and are not enforceable. I recommend using a general definition such as "A substance with a distinct molecular composition that is produced by or used in a chemical process." and including the requirements in a section in the body of the standard, such as a new section 4.1 or 9.1. A similar recommendation will be made for storage cabinet.




Affilliation: NFPA GOT

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Submittal Date: Wed Oct 16 14:26:32 EDT 2013





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3.3.44 * Liquid.

A material that has a fluidity greater than that of 300 penetration asphalt when tested in accordance withASTM D 5, Standard Test Method of Penetration of Bituminous Materials . Unless otherwise specified, theterm liquid includes both flammable and combustible liquids.

A.3.3.44 Liquid. The typical test for fluidity is ASTM D5, Standard Test Method of Penetration of BituminousMaterials.

Also, move ASTM D5 from Chapter 2 into Annex G.


This eliminates a standard from the section on definitions as this reference violates NFPA rules.





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5.1.1

The required construction of laboratory units shall be in accordance with Table 5.1.1.

Table 5.1.1 Separation Requirements and Height Allowances for Laboratory Units

Laboratory

Unit aArea of Lab Unit

Fire

Separation b

Permitted StoriesAbove

Grade

Permitted Stories BelowGrade

A≤929 m 2 (≤10,000

ft 2 )2 hours 1–3 Not permitted

>929 m 2 (>10,000

ft 2 )Not permitted c

B≤929 m 2 (≤10,000

ft 2 )1 hour 1–3 1

≤929 m 2 (≤10,000

ft 2 )2 hours 4–6

>929 m 2 (>10,000

ft 2 )Not permitted c

C Any size Not required 1–3 1–2

Any size 1 hour 4–6

Any size 2 hours Over 6

D Any size Not required No limit No limit

aRefer to Table 10.1.1 for laboratory unit classification.

bSeparation in this table refers to fire barrier separation from laboratory unit(s) to non-laboratory areasand/or fire barrier separations from laboratory unit(s) of equal or lower hazard classification.

cLabs of this classification and size are not permitted.


The type of fire rated separation needs to be specified to determine continuity requirements for the fire rated separations.




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Public Comment No. 11-NFPA 45-2013 [ Sections 6.5, 6.6 ]


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Sections 6.5, 6.6 6.

5 Fire

5 Fire Prevention. 6.5.

1 Fire

1 Fire Prevention Procedures. 6.5.1.

1 Fire

1 Fire prevention procedures shall be

established

established for all new and existing laboratories . 6.5.1.

2 Fire

2 Fire prevention procedures shall include, but not be limited to, the following:

1. Handling and storage of chemicals, flammable and combustible liquids, pyrophoricand other reactive compounds, and compressed gases

Open

2. Quantity of flammable/combustible liquids does not exceed established storagelimits

3. Storage of flammable gases does not exceed established storage limits

4. Refrigerators for flammable liquid storage are listed for this purpose and properlymarked

5. For use of open flame and spark-producing equipment

work permit system

Arrangements and use of portable electrical cords

Smoking area controls

6. To ensure extension cords and relocatable power strips are not used for permanentwiring, overloaded, or placed where subject to damage

7. To ensure all electrical wiring is free of fraying and cuts

8. Smoking area controls areas are established

9. Exit signs and emergency lights are operational

10. Aisles are free of clutter and exit doors are not blocked

11. Hazard warning signs shall be posted on the entrance to lab

6.5.2 *

Maintenance

Maintenance Procedures.6.5.2.1 Maintenance procedures shall be established for all new and existing laboratories .

6.5.

3 * Emergency Plans.


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2.1.1 Maintenance and testing procedures shall be established for all detection and alarm equipment,chemical fume hoods, gloveboxes, heating equipment, electrical appliances and pressure equipment.

6.5.2.1.2 Equipment shall be inspected, maintained and tested in accordance with manufacturesinstructions and no case less than annually

6.5.3 * Emergency Plans. 6.5.3.1

Provisions Within the Emergency Action Plan.

Plans for laboratory emergencies shall be established for all new and existing laboratories .6.5.3.1 Provisions Within the Emergency Action Plan.

The emergency action plan shall include the following procedures in the event of a chemical emergency,fire, or explosion:

1. Procedures for sounding the alarm

2. Procedures for notifying and coordinating with the fire department, governmentalagencies, or other emergency responders or contacts, as required

3. Procedures for evacuating and accounting for personnel, as applicable

4. Procedures for establishing requirements for rescue and medical duties for thoserequiring or performing these duties

5. Procedures and schedules for conducting drills

6. Procedures for shutting down and isolating equipment under emergency conditionsto include the assignment of personnel responsible for maintaining critical functions orfor shutdown of process operations

7. Appointment and training of personnel to carry out assigned duties, including stepsto be taken at the time of initial assignment, as responsibilities or response actionschange, and at the time anticipated duties change

8. Alternative measures for occupant safety, when applicable

9. Aisles designated as necesssary for movement of personnel and emergencyresponse

10. Maintenance of fire protection equipment

11. Safe procedures for startup to be taken following the abatement of an emergency

[ 400: 7.2.3.2]

6.

5

6 .3.2

*

Clothing Fires.

6.6.3.2.1 Procedures for extinguishing clothing fires shall be established for all new and existinglaboratories where pyrophoric materials are used .6.6

Fire

.3.2.2 Fire Retardant Clothing.6.6.1 *


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Fire-retardant lab coats shall be worn where pyrophoric reagents are used outside the inertatmosphere of a glovebox.6.6.2 *

Fire-retardant gloves shall be worn whenever possible where pyrophoric reagents are used outsidethe inert atmosphere of a glovebox.6.6.3 *

Natural fiber clothing shall be worn under fire-retardant lab coats and on the legs and feet wherepyrophoric reagents are used outside the inert atmosphere of a glovebox.6.6.4 -

Fire-retardant clothing shall meet the requirements of NFPA 2112, Standard on Flame-ResistantGarments for Protection of Industrial Personnel Against Flash Fire .


The current requirements may not be retroactive to existing laboratories unless specifically stated in the code (section 1.4.1). Fire prevention and emergency procedures are essential for both new and existing laboratories using hazardous chemicals. Additional fire safety requirements were added to establish a comprehensive fire safety plan.


Submitter Full Name: William Guffey

Organization: University of Maryland, Office of the Fire Marshal

Affilliation: Same

Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:

Submittal Date: Mon Oct 28 16:06:36 EDT 2013


I, William Guffey, hereby irrevocably grant and assign to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) all and full rights in copyright inthis Public Comment (including both the Proposed Change and the Statement of Problem and Substantiation). I understand and intend thatI acquire no rights, including rights as a joint author, in any publication of the NFPA in which this Public Comment in this or another similaror derivative form is used. I hereby warrant that I am the author of this Public Comment and that I have full power and authority to enter intothis copyright assignment.

By checking this box I affirm that I am William Guffey, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and the termsand conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will, upon mysubmission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature


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Public Comment No. 3-NFPA 45-2013 [ New Section after 6.5.3.2 ]

6.5.3.3 Instructors and students shall be trained annually on the emergency plan. The training shallbe documented.


Simply having an emergency plan does not guarantee that people will perform the necessary behaviors in the event of an emergency. Plans must be disseminated, reviewed, and practiced in order to minimize serious injury or deaths due to fires in labs.


Submitter Full Name: Doug Hohbein

Organization: Northcentral Fire Code Develop

Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:



I, Doug Hohbein, hereby irrevocably grant and assign to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) all and full rights in copyright inthis Public Comment (including both the Proposed Change and the Statement of Problem and Substantiation). I understand and intend thatI acquire no rights, including rights as a joint author, in any publication of the NFPA in which this Public Comment in this or another similaror derivative form is used. I hereby warrant that I am the author of this Public Comment and that I have full power and authority to enter intothis copyright assignment.

By checking this box I affirm that I am Doug Hohbein, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and the termsand conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will, upon mysubmission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature


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Public Comment No. 20-NFPA 45-2013 [ Chapter 9 [Title Only] ]

Chemical Storage, Handling, and Waste Disposal

This chapter shall apply to new and existing laboratories.


These are operational requirements that primarily apply to existing laboratories, not new construction. This section may not be retroactive in existing laboratories unless specified (Section 1.4.1)



Organization: University of Maryland

Affilliation: Office of the Fire Marshal

Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:

Submittal Date: Fri Nov 15 10:12:35 EST 2013





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Public Comment No. 7-NFPA 45-2013 [ New Section after 9.1 ]

9.1* Chemical. A substance with one or more of the following hazard ratings as defined in NFPA 704,Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response: Health—2, 3,or 4; Flammability—2, 3, or 4; Instability—2, 3, or 4. (See also Section B.2.)

A.9.1 Chemical. For fire hazard ratings of many chemicals, see the NFPA’s Fire Protection Guide toHazardous Materials, which contains the following NFPA documents:(1) NFPA 49, Hazardous Chemicals Data(2) NFPA 325, Guide to Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases, and Volatile Solids


This moves the definition into the body of the standard and moves the annex section into here as well, to prevent definitions from including requirements based on other documents, which is in contradiction with NFPA rules. Alternate approaches would be to place this information in section 4.1.

The intent is that this section should precede the existing 9.1. Another public comment will recommend to add another section addressing storage cabinet, following this proposed section and also preceding existing 9.1.

Related Public Comments for This Document

Related Comment Relationship

Public Comment No. 6-NFPA 45-2013 [Section No. 3.3.8]





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Public Comment No. 8-NFPA 45-2013 [ New Section after 9.1 ]

9.1* Storage cabinet. Acabinet for the storage of flammable and combustible liquids constructed inaccordance with Section 9.5 of NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code.

A.9.1 Storage Cabinet. Some local jurisdictions require bottom-venting of flammable liquids storagecabinets. Although this is not required by NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, somemanufacturers provide plugged vent connections to accommodate these local jurisdictions.


Just like in the case of chemical, this definition includes a requirement based on another standard, which is not permitted by NFPA rules. The intent is that this new section follows the proposed section regarding "chemical" and precedes the existing 9.1 section. The annex note is moved also.




Public Comment No. 7-NFPA 45-2013 [New Section after 9.1]





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Public Comment No. 4-NFPA 45-2013 [ New Section after 9.2.1.1 ]

9.2.1.1 An accurate inventory of chemicals and flammable/combustible liquids shall be maintainedand updated weekly.


This information is valuable to account for flammable and combustible liquids in a laboratory environment and is very helpful to firefighters when responding to fire or hazardous material incidents in laboratories.




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Public Comment No. 15-NFPA 45-2013 [ Section No. 9.2.4.1 [Excluding any

Sub-Sections] ]

Chemical inventories in each laboratory unit shall be maintained within the maximum allowable quantitiesspecified in the applicable fire prevention fire code or building code except as modified in Chapter 10 forbuildings with more than three stories .


The current language is confusing and can be read that referral to applicable fire code or building code can only be referred to “for buildings with more than three stories”. The maximum allowable quantities listed in Chapter 10 also modify the quantities of flammable or combustible liquids allowed in building or fire codes for building for stories 1 and above. The words proposed to be deleted are unnecessary and referral only to Chapter 10 would eliminate the confusion. Fire code is the correct terminology.




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Laboratory Operations and Apparatus



These are operational requirements that primarily apply to existing laboratories, not new construction. This section may not be retroactive in existing laboratories unless specified (Section 1.4.1)




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Public Comment No. 12-NFPA 45-2013 [ Section No. 13.1 ]

13.1 General.

This chapter provides fire protection and safety requirements for new and existing educational andinstructional laboratories where experiments are conducted or demonstrations are performed usinghazardous materials.

Note these requirements are referenced and are not retroactive.


This sentence conflicts with the requirements of section (13.1) to apply to both new and existing laboratories. If this chapter is not retroactive, it may not be enforceable in existing laboratories using hazardous operations or chemicals.

In addition, this sentence was added after this chapter was voted on and approved by the NFPA 45 TC during the First Draft meeting.



Organization: University of Maryland, Office of the Fire Marshal

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Submittal Date: Mon Oct 28 16:17:22 EDT 2013





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Public Comment No. 5-NFPA 45-2013 [ Section No. 13.1 ]

13.1 General.

This chapter provides fire protection and safety requirements for new and existing educational andinstructional laboratories where experiments are conducted or demonstrations are performed usinghazardous materials.

Note these requirements are referenced and are not retroactive.


The note is not required as the subject is already addressed in 1.4 retroactivity.




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Public Comment No. 16-NFPA 45-2013 [ Section No. 13.3.1.1 ]

13.3.1.1

Quantities of chemicals in an instructional lab shall be limited to the lowest possible level necessary and inno case shall exceed the per laboratory unit quantities specified in 10.1.1 or the maximum allowablequantities specified in fire prevention or fire or building codes.


NFPA 45 does not define the term Control Area as used in fire prevention or building codes, but rather utilizes a similar but different term called Laboratory Unit. “Per Laboratory Unit” needs to be inserted to clarify that any quantities utilized must be compared to this standard’s Laboratory Unit. Fire code is the correct terminology.




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Hazard Identification



These are primarily operational requirements that apply to existing laboratories. The hazard signage at a laboratory entrance is required in new and existing laboratories. This section may not be retroactive in existing laboratories unless specified (Section 1.4.1)




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Public Comment No. 9-NFPA 45-2013 [ Section No. A.3.3.8 ]

A.3.3.8 Chemical.

For fire hazard ratings of many chemicals, see the NFPA's Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials ,which contains the following NFPA documents:

(1) NFPA 49, Hazardous Chemicals Data

(2) NFPA 325, Guide to Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases, and Volatile Solids


This section is proposed to be moved.










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Public Comment No. 17-NFPA 45-2013 [ New Section after A.5.1.4 ]

A.5.1.6 The design plans need to specify the curbs or other method and type of material of thefloor seals to prevent leakage to lower floors. The sealing material shall be compatible with thechemicals being stored, used, or handled in the laboratory.


Current code language does not provide any specificity or directions on the floor seals.




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laboratories using chemicals committee second draft ... · laboratories using chemicals committee...

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