lab 7 - sensory system

7/29/2019 Lab 7 - Sensory System

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THE SENSORY SYSTEM


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Special senses

Sight the eye

Hearing the ear

Equilibrium

the earSmell the nose

Taste the tongue


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THE EYE


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The Eye

http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRtvkjpTrTl-

Gpal7n83yKgsYGivttUmeNtQLe55t7Y0AJKtoA&t=1&us

g=__3unSAsGJdDSm0QZM68wPwwGKvbo=

Vision is our

dominant sense

70% of all sensory

receptors are in theeye

It has a diameter of

~ 2.5 cm

It is enclosed in the

bony orbit and

cushioned by fat


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Accessory Structures

Eyebrow shade

eyes from sunlight

and sweat

Eyelid protectand lubricate the

eye by blinking

http://www.psychologytoday.com/files/u15/Blue_eye.jpg
http://www.psychologytoday.com/files/u15/Blue_eye.jpghttp://www.psychologytoday.com/files/u15/Blue_eye.jpg


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Conjuctiva lines

the eyelids and

anterior surface of

the eyeball

http://seeclearly.com/Images/conjunctivitis.jpg
http://seeclearly.com/Images/conjunctivitis.jpghttp://seeclearly.com/Images/conjunctivitis.jpg


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Lacrimal apparatus

Gland

Sac

CanaliculiNasolacrimal

duct

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_i4f5qTnXK2I/TLM43qj349I/AAAAAAAAAYo/Iti

gNTw5iLM/s1600/acesory+eye.jpg
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_i4f5qTnXK2I/TLM43qj349I/AAAAAAAAAYo/ItigNTw5iLM/s1600/acesory+eye.jpghttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/_i4f5qTnXK2I/TLM43qj349I/AAAAAAAAAYo/ItigNTw5iLM/s1600/acesory+eye.jpghttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/_i4f5qTnXK2I/TLM43qj349I/AAAAAAAAAYo/ItigNTw5iLM/s1600/acesory+eye.jpghttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/_i4f5qTnXK2I/TLM43qj349I/AAAAAAAAAYo/ItigNTw5iLM/s1600/acesory+eye.jpg


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http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRk4wp8Wa-

9PPmg6R_j1s7SNjslq6ihXkvdDjBl0ghwDHyh4eQ&t=1

&usg=__AqNwTJAQKotI-MqYT1VLsCnb3Qg=

Extrinsic eye

muscles move

the eye


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The Eye

Contains three

layers:

1.Fibrous

2.Vascular

3.Sensory (deep)

http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSPqYT431

Q5NmZXDbgwadTCJjkWilnLNLqf6O8qy9cGezs3T7Q&

t=1&usg=__Go3Pg9dK894D0DzMzzZMFbStlJM=


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Outer Layer

Fibrous

Sclera gives the

eye its shape

Cornea

allowslight to enter

http://www.scitec3.esmartstudent.com/labelledexterior2.jpg
http://www.scitec3.esmartstudent.com/labelledexterior2.jpghttp://www.scitec3.esmartstudent.com/labelledexterior2.jpg


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Middle Layer

Vascular layer

Choroid provides

nutrients; prevents

scattering of lightCiliary body

muscles control

thickness of lens

Iris

musclescontrol size of pupil

https://reader009.{domain}/reader009/html5/0409/5acb7c4cbe433/5acb7
http://www.scitec3.esmartstudent.com/labelledfront.jpghttp://www.scitec3.esmartstudent.com/labelledfront.jpg


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Inner Layer

Sensory/ retina

Cones colour;

bright light

Rods

shades ofgrey; dim light

Nerves

http://www.lightenergysource.com/images/LES%20-

%20Rods%20&%20Cones.jpg

http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQUMbypcGK

WslkW5mJ3SscboikEqTAaNukEh6hD19sMTbNPOgs&t=1&usg=__fx6VI0SRAUt3rMQeO3rNJCiVCrw=


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Colour Blindness

http://academic.greensboroday.org/~regesterj/potl/Waves/Light/EyeTests/FullSize/plate11.jpg


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Posterior and anterior segment

Aqueous humor

maintains

intraocular

pressureVitreous humor

supports the

eyeball; keep the

retina in place

http://www.scitec3.esmartstudent.com/labelledvitreous.jpg
http://www.scitec3.esmartstudent.com/labelledvitreous.jpghttp://www.scitec3.esmartstudent.com/labelledvitreous.jpg


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Lens

Biconvex

Suspended

Attached to ciliary

body

Refractory

structure

http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bsci111b/eye/cow-

eye/lens.jpg
http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bsci111b/eye/cow-eye/lens.jpghttp://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bsci111b/eye/cow-eye/lens.jpghttp://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bsci111b/eye/cow-eye/lens.jpghttp://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bsci111b/eye/cow-eye/lens.jpghttp://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bsci111b/eye/cow-eye/lens.jpg


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Review: Structures of the Eye

http://biology.clc.uc.edu/fankhauser/Labs/Anatomy_&_Physiology/A&P202/Special_S

enses/Eye/eye_dissection_jpgs/10_view_into_eye_best_P2112022lbd.JPG
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/fankhauser/Labs/Anatomy_&_Physiology/A&P202/Special_Senses/Eye/eye_dissection_jpgs/10_view_into_eye_best_P2112022lbd.JPGhttp://biology.clc.uc.edu/fankhauser/Labs/Anatomy_&_Physiology/A&P202/Special_Senses/Eye/eye_dissection_jpgs/10_view_into_eye_best_P2112022lbd.JPGhttp://biology.clc.uc.edu/fankhauser/Labs/Anatomy_&_Physiology/A&P202/Special_Senses/Eye/eye_dissection_jpgs/10_view_into_eye_best_P2112022lbd.JPGhttp://biology.clc.uc.edu/fankhauser/Labs/Anatomy_&_Physiology/A&P202/Special_Senses/Eye/eye_dissection_jpgs/10_view_into_eye_best_P2112022lbd.JPG


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Pathway of light

Cornea - bends

Aqueous humor

Lens - focuses

Vitreous humor

http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/b/images/blinds

pot.jpg
http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/b/images/blindspot.jpghttp://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/b/images/blindspot.jpghttp://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/b/images/blindspot.jpghttp://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/b/images/blindspot.jpg


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Activity

Activity 7.1.1 Eye tutorial

Activity 7.1.2 Sheep eye dissection

Activity 7.1.3 The eye and vision

Activity 7.1.4 After image exercise

Activity 7.1.5 Eye quiz 1



Activity 7.1.8 Patient education


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THE EAR


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The Ear

Hearing AND

Balance

Three major areas:

ExternalMiddle

Internal

http://knightsbridgelaserclinic.ellipseipl.co.uk/images/pic-female-ear.jpg


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External ear

Auricle/ pinna

elastic cartilage

External auditory

meatus 2.5 cmCeruminous glands

Tympanic

membrane

Thin connective

membrane

Vibrates

Boundary

http://www.neuroreille.com/promenade/english/ear/

exear/e_oreille_ext.gif
http://www.neuroreille.com/promenade/english/ear/exear/e_oreille_ext.gifhttp://www.neuroreille.com/promenade/english/ear/exear/e_oreille_ext.gifhttp://www.neuroreille.com/promenade/english/ear/exear/e_oreille_ext.gifhttp://www.neuroreille.com/promenade/english/ear/exear/e_oreille_ext.gif


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Middle ear

Aka. Tympanic

cavity

Auditory ossicles

MalleusIncus

Stapes

Bony wall

Round window

Oval window

http://www.moleshare.org.uk/molehole/19D140C2F0/noise_06.jpg
http://www.moleshare.org.uk/molehole/19D140C2F0/noise_06.jpghttp://www.moleshare.org.uk/molehole/19D140C2F0/noise_06.jpg


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Internal ear

Aka. Labyrinth

Bony labyrinth

Membranous

labyrinthVestibule

Semicircular canals

equilibrium

Cochlea - hearing

http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRz__EirA_XXlwzQLHdbn

b5l8SnYbKU8b98h59GsLvwd-

uMaMk&t=1&usg=__W3knNKfiAz569lN58I01VAxZ-UM=


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Hearing

http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRz__EirA_XXlwzQLHdbnb5l8SnYbKU8b98h59GsLvwd-uMaMk&t=1&usg=__W3knNKfiAz569lN58I01VAxZ-UM=


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The Cochlea

http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTK8Nf-

t4td6n0HYTvTQ7um40KIimrJpqI9wFFu8-q5uXlWbuo&t=1&usg=__9QQ6twUEA7k7zIDMpjvHW_tYOj0

http://www.einstein.yu.edu/aif/galler

y/haircells/haircell.gif
http://www.einstein.yu.edu/aif/gallery/haircells/haircell.gifhttp://www.einstein.yu.edu/aif/gallery/haircells/haircell.gifhttp://www.einstein.yu.edu/aif/gallery/haircells/haircell.gifhttp://www.einstein.yu.edu/aif/gallery/haircells/haircell.gif


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The Semicircular Canals

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_TGR8TxUfiIw/Ro7Y0LezcwI/AAAAAAAAAdg/onckI3dixR4/s400/19.jpg


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Review: The Ear

http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR2_8KA56qzcncc7mU4olJI5c8_AaQff

qDQ7-QQFUUqxr5kA8I&t=1&usg=__Eigp5MmE3JLPEUccEb8wSRFMAZU=


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Activity

Activity 7.2.1 Anatomy of the ear tutorial

Activity 7.2.2 How the ear works

Activity 7.2.3 Science of sound

Activity 7.2.4 Journey into the ear

Activity 7.2.5 How the body works: The

organs of balance

Activity 7.2.6 Ear quiz


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TASTE AND SMELL

The Chemical Senses


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The Nose

Olfactory sense -

far less than

animals

We distinguishhundreds of odours

odours

http://courses.washington.edu/biol485c/nose%20image.jpg
http://courses.washington.edu/biol485c/nose%20image.jpghttp://courses.washington.edu/biol485c/nose%20image.jpg


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The Nose

Olfactory

receptors: roof

nasal cavity

Lifespan: 30-60days

Receptor cells are

bipolar neurons

Excited by volatile

chemicals http://www.veteranstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/olfactory_nerve-to-brain.jpg
http://www.veteranstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/olfactory_nerve-to-brain.jpghttp://www.veteranstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/olfactory_nerve-to-brain.jpghttp://www.veteranstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/olfactory_nerve-to-brain.jpghttp://www.veteranstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/olfactory_nerve-to-brain.jpghttp://www.veteranstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/olfactory_nerve-to-brain.jpghttp://www.veteranstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/olfactory_nerve-to-brain.jpghttp://www.veteranstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/olfactory_nerve-to-brain.jpghttp://www.veteranstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/olfactory_nerve-to-brain.jpghttp://www.veteranstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/olfactory_nerve-to-brain.jpg


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The nasal cavity

http://anatomy.cc/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/f0098-01.jpg
http://anatomy.cc/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/f0098-01.jpghttp://anatomy.cc/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/f0098-01.jpghttp://anatomy.cc/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/f0098-01.jpghttp://anatomy.cc/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/f0098-01.jpghttp://anatomy.cc/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/f0098-01.jpghttp://anatomy.cc/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/f0098-01.jpg


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Activity

Activity 7.3.1 Nose and nasal cavity tutorial

Activity 7.3.2 The sense of smell tutorial

Activity 7.3.3 How do we smell?

Activity 7.3.4 How the body works the

olfactory pathway

Activity 7.3.5 Nose and nasal cavity quiz


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The Tongue

Taste buds oral

cavity: cheeks,

pharynx, epiglottis

and tongueEach contains 50-

100 cells

Taste is 80% smell

http://www.eu-sol.net/images/copy3_of_images/Tongue.jpg
http://www.eu-sol.net/images/copy3_of_images/Tongue.jpghttp://www.eu-sol.net/images/copy3_of_images/Tongue.jpghttp://www.eu-sol.net/images/copy3_of_images/Tongue.jpghttp://www.eu-sol.net/images/copy3_of_images/Tongue.jpg


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The Tongue

Circumvallate

large, round

Foliate lateral

wallsFungiform

mushroom shaped

http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRFEf-

2h9pOZSv0y04ku3cs9WkrG9U7KJ_aGxXhS_nVd

P6vPFs&t=1&usg=__X3c6pYquG8AV63S2TDkIgS

x4tq0=


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The Tongue

Five taste

sensations:

1. Sweet sugars,

alcohols, amino acids2. Sour - acids

3. Salty metal ions

(inorganic salts)

4. Bitter

alkaloids5. Umami - (delicious)

glutamate

http://atasteofheaventreats.com/wp-

content/uploads/2010/04/cheesecake.jpg


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The oral cavity

http://www.pitt.edu/~anat/Head/Mouth/Mouth1.jpg
http://www.pitt.edu/~anat/Head/Mouth/Mouth1.jpghttp://www.pitt.edu/~anat/Head/Mouth/Mouth1.jpg


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Activity

Activity 7.4.1 Tastes buds on tongue

Activity 7.4.2 Supertasters taste buds

Activity 7.4.3 The sense of taste

Activity 7.4.4 The sense of taste tutorial

Activity 7.4.5 Smelling and tasting


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The Sensory and Motor Areas of

the Cerebral Cortex

http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT3LeAXyb-DpnEWRqZX9O77HCdRaxVjF6mn0C-XxPuFgP8FHCE&t=1&h=163&w=228&usg=__doM3h-1el2GnJuvZawGEPpaHgOk=


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Activity

Activity 7.5.1 Special senses quiz


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THE GENERAL SENSES


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General Senses

Receptors

scattered

throughout the

bodyInclude:

Touch

Pressure

Temperature

Pain

Propioceptionhttp://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS

A5yQM8HWvXT_dSxhTNBOjLUB4SN6D7K

CIh2HTwtzANyqKbS4&t=1&usg=__QgMkug

bczBRuhSNfJA6SiEM0fpc=


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Proprioception

The sense ofposition

Receptors located

in tendons,muscles and joints

Cerebellum

http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSeM9g350ObKeYPS-

HJNzzocvlx1llPn_OAO0N_Xaw5xC0QiaU&t=1&usg=__-

25y9qq7wsxvY1bZE2wgUn4U5Mk=


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Activity

Activity 7.6.1 The sensory cortex and touch

Activity 7.6.2 Muscle sense tutorial


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References

Cohen, B. J. and J. J. Taylor (2009). Memmler's Structure

and Function of the Human Body. Baltimore, Lippincott

Williams and Wilkins.

Marieb, E. N. and K. Hoehn (2010). Human Anatomy and

Physiology. San Francisco, Benjamin Cummings.

Martini, F. H. (2006). Fundamentals of Anatomy and

Physiology. San Francisco, Benjamin Cummings.


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The END

lab 7 - sensory system

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