laadullisen aineiston analyysiohjelmistot: atlas · 2019. 9. 18. · 3 caqdas does not make the...

LAADULLISEN AINEISTON ANALYYSIOHJELMISTOT:

ATLAS.TI

Sanna Herkama & Anne Laajalahti

Metodifestivaalit, Tampere 27.8.2019

SANNA HERKAMA

Erikoistutkija, FT

INVEST-tutkimushanke, www.invest.utu.fi

Psykologian ja logopedian laitos

Turun yliopisto

Koulutus- ja kehittämisjohtaja, FT

Infor, www.infor.fi

Prologos ry, puheenjohtaja

Mevi ry, varapuheenjohtaja

ProCom ry, Tiede- ja teoriajaos, puheenjohtaja

ANNE LAAJALAHTI

http://www.invest.utu.fi/

http://www.infor.fi/

TOPICS

• Technologies in qualitative analysis

• What can you and can’t do with ATLAS.ti?

• ATLAS.ti in practice

• Utilising ATLAS.ti – pitfalls and benefits

• Closing remarks

Laajalahti, A. & Herkama, S. (2018).

Laadullinen analyysi ATLAS.ti-ohjelmistolla.

In R. Valli (Ed.), Ikkunoita

tutkimusmetodeihin 2. 5th edition.

Jyväskylä: PS-kustannus, 106–133.

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1 Conducting research has always been intertwined with the usage of

various aids, tools, and technologies. Also, various software have assisted

researchers for long.

2 Even such choices as the utilisation of A4 paper size (Järpvall 2016)

and PowerPoint slides (Adams 2006) guide the way we process

information, i.e. how we produce, reproduce, use, and share information!

TECHNOLOGIES SHAPE OUR THINKING

Medium is the

message!

~ Marshall McLuhan

Herkama & Laajalahti 2019

1 Traditional analysis: Should I go for a traditional way of analysing

research material? Paper prints and coloring, copy-paste procedures,

hanging papers on the wall, post-it tags etc.?

2 Computer assisted analysis: Should I use Computer

Assisted/Aided Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS)?

Storing data in one place, checking up things quickly, handling text and

audiovisual material parallel, creating summaries in seconds…

TRADITIONAL ORCOMPUTER ASSISTED ANALYSIS?

Computer

Assisted/Aided

Qualitative

Data

Analysis

Software


1 Technologies shape our thinking – whether we want it or not(Laajalahti & Herkama 2018).

2 Fears and high hopes

3 Software shape our research practices, our relationship to research, and ourselves as researchers, both extending and restricting human possibilities (Goble et al. 2012, 17).

”The greater the methodological expertise and confidence in using a certain methodology in the context of software,

the lesser is the influence of software.” (Friese 2011, 1.)

CAQDAS –RESTRICTING OR EXPANDING THINKING?


1 Software do not conduct the analysis, they only assist it.

2 Software are not good or bad per se. The question is always about

how we use them.

3 CAQDAS does not make the analysis any better nor it is a guarantee

of a high-quality research.

4 If the research problem is vague or the analytic approach unclear,

CAQDAS do not fix the problem!

(Jolanki & Karhunen 2010; Laajalahti & Herkama 2018.)

THE ROLE OF THE SOFTWARE IN ANALYSIS


1 Commercial ones: ATLAS.ti …and many other options, e.g.,

ANSWR, Datagrav, Dedoose, Ethnograph, f4analyse, Focuss On,

HyperRESEARCH, MAXQDA (aiemmin WinMAX), NVivo (aiemmin

NUD*IST), QDA Miner, Qiqqa, Qualrus, Quirkos, Raven’s Eye, Saturate

App, Transana, webQDA, and Xsight

2 Free, open source software: e.g., AQUAD, Cassandre, CLAN,

Coding Analysis Toolkit (CAT), Compendium, Computer Assisted

Textual Markup and Analysis (CATMA), ELAN, KH Coder, RQDA, and

TAMS Analyzer

WHAT ARE THE OPTIONS AVAILABLE?

CAQDAS are often

based on the same

idea but some

differences do exist!


1 Explore various types of research material, even simultaneously (e.g., textual, graphical, audio, and video documents; both empirical material and literature reviews)

2 Organise and save research material

3 Mark and analyse data segments (that is coding)

4 Explore only some parts of the data (e.g., groups of respondents or codes, parts of the research material), make comparisons if needed

5 Save ideas and thinking process (e.g., create memos, comment items)

6 Use search functions

7 Create reports

8 Visualise abstract and theoretical ideas (e.g., create networks)

9 Create relationships (e.g., create links and relations)

10 Utilise also other software while working with ATLAS.ti

11 Work in teams and collaborate with other researchers

(Laajalahti & Herkama 2018.)

WHAT CAN YOU DO WITH ATLAS.TI?



IN

TER

FA

CE

1 Researcher makes the analysis and interpretation, the software do not

make any analysis! (Laajalahti & Herkama 2018.)

2 ATLAS.ti offers support to the researcher – without taking control of the

intellectual process. (ATLAS.ti 8 Windows – User Manual.)

3 Researcher is searching for meanings, a computer for character strings.

Cheers to that small (?) of a difference! (Eskola & Suoranta 2008.)

WHAT CAN’T YOU DO WITH ATLAS.TI?

Researcher is always

the key to

successful analysis,

not the software!


ATLAS.TI – HOW TO GET IT?

Used to be only for Windows; now also version for Mac OS and Mobile for the iPad and Android.

In addition, beta version ATLAS.ti Cloud: https://atlasti.com/cloud

Free trial version available (for Windows and Mac, ATLAS.ti 8): http://atlasti.com/free-trial-version

Student licenses: https://atlasti.com/students

www.atlasti.com

ATLAS.ti 7

still in use, e.g., at

many universities

ATLAS.ti 8

out on 6.12.2016,

progressing all the

time


https://atlasti.com/cloud

http://atlasti.com/free-trial-version

https://atlasti.com/students

UTILISING ATLAS.TI –GOOD TO REMEMBER

• ATLAS.ti interface allows easily intuitive inductive approach.

• Also negative evidence exists.

• World is not built on classifications.

• You might not need all the tools and options available.

• Quantifying research material is easy – but is it needed?


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UTILISING ATLAS.TI – PITFALLS

• The software are not doing the analysis but instead they assist you doing the analysis!

• ATLAS.ti may not save your time, nor does it guarantee the quality of analysis.

• Do not let yourself get lost! (”Mess of codes”, ”Code jungle”, ”Drowning in codes”…)

• Do I see the forest for the trees?

• The codes created do not equal to insightful qualitative analysis!

• Do not stop too early. You may still need to think over again! Interpret!


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UTILISING ATLAS.TI – BENEFITS• The administration and organisation of qualitative research material becomes easier.

• Various types of data sets can be viewed simultaneously.

• Remarks, thoughts, and comments can be saved and archived.

• Quotations can be easily searched and copy-pasted to a final research report.

• The amount of potential mistakes decreases.

• When utilised properly, the accuracy, consistency, and transparency of the analysis

increases potentially resulting to the higher level of quality in general.

• At best, CAQDAS can free up researcher’s thinking capacity possibly allowing

serendipity, i.e. ”unplanned or fortunate discoveries”.


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SOMETHING FOR ME? WHAT TO CONSIDER AS A NEW BEGINNER?• Size and structure of the research material

• Aims of the current study

• Research questions, designs, and analysis methods characteristic to your own field of study

• Your own attitudes towards software in general and readiness to learn new things

• Support and software available in your research community


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GOOD LUCK!• There is no ”right” or ”wrong” way to

utilise ATLAS.ti.

• Find your own way!

• Do not give up!

• Do not hesitate to try out! Be creative!

Many inspiring moments with your

qualitative data analysis!

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KIITOS!SANNA JA ANNE


LITERATURE• Adams, C. 2006. PowerPoint, habits of mind, and classroom culture. Journal of Curriculum

Studies 38 (4), 389−411.

• ATLAS.ti 8 Windows – User Manual. https://atlasti.com/manuals-docs/

• Eskola, J. & Suoranta, J. 2008. Johdatus laadulliseen tutkimukseen. 8th ed. Tampere: Vastapaino.

• Friese, S. 2011. Using ATLAS.ti for analyzing the financial crisis data. Forum: Qualitative Social

Research 12 (1), Art. 39.

• Goble, E., Austin, W., Larsen, D., Kreitzer, L. & Brintnell, S. 2012. Habits of mind and the split-

mind effect: when computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software is used in

phenomenological research. Forum: Qualitative Social Research 13 (2), Art. 2.

• Jolanki, O. & Karhunen, S. 2010. Renki vai isäntä? Analyysiohjelmat laadullisessa tutkimuksessa.

In J. Ruusuvuori, P. Nikander & M. Hyvärinen (Eds.), Haastattelun analyysi. Tampere: Vastapaino,

395–410.

• Järpvall, C. 2016. Pappersarbete: formandet av och föreställningar om kontorspapper som

medium. Lund: Mediehistoriskt arkiv, 1654-6601, 34.

• Laajalahti, A. & Herkama, S. 2018. Laadullinen analyysi ATLAS.ti-ohjelmistolla. In R. Valli (Ed.),

Ikkunoita tutkimusmetodeihin 2. 5th ed. Jyväskylä: PS-kustannus, 106–133.

• McLuhan, M. 1964. Understanding media: the extensions of man. Toronto: McGraw Hill.

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https://atlasti.com/manuals-docs/

ADDITIONAL READINGS• Friese, S. 2014. Qualitative data analysis with ATLAS.ti. 2nd ed. London: Sage. (Version 7.)

• Friese, S. 2019. Qualitative data analysis with ATLAS.ti. 3rd ed. London: Sage. (Version 8.)

• Humble, A. M. 2012. Qualitative data analysis software: a call for understanding, detail,

intentionality, and thoughtfulness. Journal of Family Theory & Review 4 (2), 122–137.

• MacMillan, K. 2005. More than just coding? Evaluating CAQDAS in a discourse analysis of news

texts. Forum: Qualitative Social Research 6 (3), Art. 25.

• Paulus, T. M. & Lester, J. N. 2015. ATLAS.ti for conversation and discourse analysis studies.

International Journal of Social Research Methodology. doi:10.1080/13645579.2015.1021949

• White, M. J., Judd, M. D. & Poliandri, S. 2012. Illumination with a Dim Bulb? What do social

scientists learn by employing qualitative data analysis software (QDAS) in the service of

multimethod designs? Sociological Methodology 42 (1), 43–76.

• Woods, M., Macklin, R. & Lewis, G. K. 2016. Researcher reflexivity: exploring the impacts of

CAQDAS use. International Journal of Social Research Methodology 19 (4), 385–403.

• Woolf, N. H. & Silver, C. 2017. Qualitative analysis using ATLAS.ti: the five-level QDA method.

New York: Routledge.

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