Mods and rockers Vs

London riots

Starter task

• What are your views so far on why youths have a negative representation in the media and press?

Reminder• Your course work deadline for your second

complete draft is Friday 13th February.• Areas that need improving in general in planning

and research are: not enough evidence shown in relation to audience research, not enough links to your own product e.g. test shots, organising cast, booking out equipment, things that went wrong etc.

• You need to start researching ancillary texts:• Look at exiting products and state conventions.• Look at fronts, layouts, images, techniques used on

Photoshop, print screens of making your product.

Top bloggers

• Daniel Rothery http://danielrotherya2media.blogspot.co.uk • Nusuri Bibi http://nbibi.blogspot.co.uk/• Isabel Smart http://a2isabelsmart.blogspot.co.uk/• Natasha Newman http://A2natashanewman.blogspot.com• Steph Dagg http://stephdagga2media.blogspot.co.uk/• Alice Venard http://venardalicea2.blogspot.co.uk/• Shannon Cammish

http://shannoncammish1997.blogspot.co.uk/• Shannon Carroll http://shannoncarrolla2media.blogspot.co.uk/• Talitha Roberts http://talitha-roberts-a2.blogspot.co.uk/• Connie Wray http://conniewraya2.blogspot.co.uk/

Top bloggers

• Kate Maxey http://katemaxey.blogspot.co.uk/• Beth Sager Http://bethsagera2.blogspot.co.uk• Megan Noble http://megnoblea2media.blogspot.com • Steph Blanchard

http://stephblancharda2media.blogspot.co.uk/• Jaye Best http://mediajaye.blogspot.co.uk/ • Jack Conman http://jackconman97.blogspot.co.uk/ (best

mock exam) • Carrie Woodhead http://

carriewoodheada2media.blogspot.co.uk

Quadrophenia

• The film represents jimmy being controlled by the ideology of a mod.

• He turns to drugs, violence and crime to try and become accepted.

• His ultimate goal is to be a perfect mod.• He wants to fit in, the ideology takes over his

life and controls who and what he becomes.

• How does this clip demonstrate the mod ideology rules Jimmies life?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ds1aqhxKY7M

Identity and judgments

• This clip reinforces how peoples identity changes peoples points of view. i.e. not clothes and stripped back of identity no prejudgment is made.

• Identity is created by choice. People create a stereotype based on expectations linked to identity. Just like society identify teenagers as deviant.

• Tessa Perkins states: “ Stereotypes are not always false” they have to have some truth, this links to teenagers in the 60s and now as an identity has to be created based on some truth.

• The press simply exaggerated the truth. A similar stereotype has been created in todays society.

• How does this clip represent young people in the 60s

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Yb_sO_CH-8 (19)

Repetition of ideology through media form

• This section of the film really focuses on the negative behavior of the young teens of the 60s. It is a long sequence really bringing history to the forefront of peoples minds making the negative representation and stereotype linger and encouraged, not to be forgotten.

• It shows young people as brutal and menacing making the negative label given you youth hard to shake.

• This film also demonstrates how media is produced around cultural events making history in to a media format, this makes the representations more consumerable and open to interpretation. By doing this enables the folk devil representation to constantly loop and a stereotype to continue.

Progressing to current representations

• We will now progress to look at current day representations of young teens in the press focusing on the London riots (2011), how they were reported and how youths were labeled during this event.

• We will look at the impact of social media and how new forms of media were created and based on this event. We will consider how the negative rebellious representations of youth have continued within the news and media.

TaskThe London Riots

• What caused the London riots?

• What was the main reason behind the riots?

• Who was blamed for the London riots?

• Cause: Disturbances began on 6 August, after a protest in Tottenham following thedeath of Mark Duggan, a local who was shot dead by police on 4 August.

• Reason: The riots have generated significant ongoing debate among political, social and academic figures about the causes and context in which they happened. Attributions for the rioters' behaviour include structural factors such as racism, classism, and economic decline, as well as cultural factors like criminality, hooliganism, breakdown of social morality, and gang culture.

Blame: Researchers who study the causes of political instability suggest that the critical common factor is the stupidity of youths. A nation's extent of political unrest, i.e. its vulnerability to riot, war or regime change, is directly associated with the percentage of 15-24-year-olds in its population. They argue that communities with more than 20% of individuals in this age group run the greatest risk of more frequent and more intense political instability. Reasons also include: poor relations with the police, social exclusion, family break down, government cuts, unemployment and poverty, gang culture, criminal opportunism, moral decay at the top, failure of the British disciplinary system and mainstream media relationships with communities.

News now Vs News then

• How do these news reports on the London riots reinforce the same message carried out in the press in the 60s and the film Quadrophenia?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lTenTyv2qY

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8LunXbtvxY

Same concept different era

• The report represents teens being controlled by the ideology of a ‘gang’.

• They turn to drugs, violence and crime to try and become accepted.

• The main reason the outbreaks happened were soon forgotten and it became a war between the police and the gangs.

• Just like in the 60s the police became less powerful and became ruled by youth

• Unlike the mods and rockers different gang members truced and it became less of a war between the youths and gangs but a war between the police/government and the gangs.

What has changed?

• How did technology contribute to crime?

• One thing that can’t be disputed, is that Social Media is the present time, it is “Now”. It’s the immediate feelings and thoughts of people. It is the news as it’s current and informative and it only takes one awe inspiring, hard hitting or attention grabbing tweet to go viral. This is why Social Media should come with a level of social responsibility, that’s something worth keeping in mind. You never know who’s reading it and how it will go down, especially if it reaches the masses. (source BBC news)

Starter task

• Stan Cohen stated a moral panic is built upon 5 key areas, the following areas are:

1 Concern– Awareness of a negative impact on society 2 Hostility- Towards the group to separate them from society

and to ‘folk devil’ “them” from “us”3 Consensus- A wide group of society accept the threat of the

group in question4 Disproportionality- The action taken is disproportionate to the

actual threat posed (exaggeration of the crime in the media)5 Volatility- They can easily disappear as soon as they came and

move on to a new topic

History repeats ‘ill manors’ 2011

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8GvLKTsTuI- music video

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iz5gJd42DW8 lyrics

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1hfxWjUcbzs film trailer

Task 1 • Analyse the lyrics to Plan B’s ill manors song.

• What is the message behind the lyrics?

• What do young people and people from these gangs really think the problem is behind youth acting in such ways?

Written response, areas to adapt:1) Who is producing the representation.2) The media form used.3)The target audience it is for.(why are these areas important and what will it affect?)

Task 2• In your groups create a poster demonstrating the points you

discussed. • State key phrases of the song and explain what you think they

mean.• Show a range of different points of view and what the message is

of the song.• Include comments you have found in response to the song, news

articles and other songs etc. you feel relate to the message.• Make links to:• 1) Who is producing the representation.• 2) The media form used.• 3)The target audience it is for.why are these areas important and what will it affect?

Presentations

• We will now present our research and opinions of the song to the group.

• Please make notes as other groups may make points that your group did not explore.

• Be confident, choose a question that other groups have not asked the group and make notes on the discussion had.

Then V’s now

• What has changed?

• What remains the same?

• Is it a fair representation?

History repeats

• Back in 1972, Stanley Cohen concluded: "The intellectual poverty and total lack of imagination in our society's response to its adolescent trouble-makers during the past 20 years, is manifest in the way this response compulsively repeats itself and fails each time to come to terms with the 'problem' that confronts it."

• Quadrophenia is a striking and evocative reminder of a bygone age when Britain was … well, basically exactly the same as it is now.

Your point of view?• “Quadrophenia is a striking and evocative reminder of a bygone age

when Britain was … well, basically exactly the same as it is now.”

• "The intellectual poverty and total lack of imagination in our society's response to its adolescent trouble-makers during the past 20 years, is manifest in the way this response compulsively repeats itself and fails each time to come to terms with the 'problem' that confronts it."

• To what extent do you agree with one of the following statements? Explain your answer with reference to ‘Cohen’ past, present and future references to back up your point.

Media Theory

• We will now explore some more media theory and theorists.

• You will use these theories and theorists to back up your point/argument in your exam.

• Please take notes• We will look in to Marxism, Althusser and

Gramsci

Marxism

• Marxists/ Karl Marx are interested in

• “How dominant social groups are able to reproduce their social and economic power” Taylor and Willis (1999)

Marxism

• One of Marx’s core ideas about society was that all societies have an economic base. This is seen to be the central core and focus of any society – what makes it function.

• In Western cultures this economic base is essentially capitalist – in other words, the whole system is based on the pursuit of wealth.

• The problem is that this does not benefit all – the rich get richer and the poor poorer in this type of system. It leads to social inequality.

Marxism

• Marx sees a capitalist society as a split society. Those who control or have power are called the bourgeoisie.

• Those who do not and who have to sell their labor for minimal pay and often no share of the profit are called the proletariat.

Marxism

• Marx saw that the economic base supported a super structure

• The institutions that exist in a society such as those linked to the law, education, politics and the media. These are shaped by the economic base and exist to support, serve and legitimise the base to society –they partly exist to convince people that the way the country works is the right way.

• To make society believe in which society is run is the correct way and they feel safe in this society so do not want it to change.

Marxism

• How does Marxism apply to media texts?• You can look at who owns a media production and who

benefits the most financially• Texts can be examined to see if they promote ideologies

that support the ruling classes/ the status quo – is it being used to exert hegemonic control – ask what ideologies are being pushed? Who do they benefit?

• Do texts naturalise inequality between groups based on power – are men privileged over women? White groups over other cultures? Capitalism over any other economic system and values?

Marxism

• Are media texts produced just like any other product in the capitalist system – for maximum profit? The need for efficient mass production may lead to a formula approach to media creation, weakening elements of creativity and imagination.

• Some Marxist critics, like Theodor Adorno, certainly saw capitalist media systems as hostile to the production of ‘good’ and valuable culture. Some products will never get made as they are unlikely to yield a profit.

Althusser

• Althusser says we are subjects of what we are made to believe.

• Ideology has been created for us and we can only consume what we are made to believe, by doing so we are ultimately subjects of ideology that has already been created for us.

Ideology and Althusser

• Ideology is not “false consciousness.” Rather ideology structures what we do and makes our reality.

• Althusser is a structuralist we cannot exist outside of culture or ideology. It provides meaning to our lives, the systems that we live through.

• In short, we have no reality beyond our ideology we ‘adopt’ an identity from a shared set within society.

Althusser• For Althusser, it is impossible to access the “real conditions of

existence" due to our reliance on language.• Our language structures our experience of the world –

(semiotics) and our language is a consequence of the social world.

• We have no way of engaging with the world apart from language. Because of our being inside language we can’t see external reality only the ideological interpretation of it - we can only see the representation of reality, not reality itself.

• However, through a vigorous study of economics, history and sociology, we can come close to perceiving ideological systems and how we are placed in specific sets of relations by those systems.

Althusser

• Process of an individual adopting a set of beliefs or ideology from a system of beliefs. We come to think that our beliefs are our own, that they originate from ourselves. My beliefs emerge from my conscious decisions, I have free will and can choose what to do.

• However what Althusser argues is that these beliefs are not really our own – they are social. We are taking part in shared societal ideas but think they are our own private ideas. We internalise social beliefs and see them as our own.

Althusser

• The beliefs/ideology come to us through the Ideological State Apparatus, the devices by which ideology is transmitted. Family, Education, Media, Religion, Culture, Arts.

• Our consciousness, what we are emerges from these. We exist is a system of beliefs, we internalise these beliefs and they become our own, and in turn we play a part in reproducing them. The people produced by this, the ideological ‘subjects’ facilitate the economic systems.

Gramsci Hegemony

• the term cultural hegemony describes the domination of a culturally diverse society by the ruling class, who manipulate the culture of that society — the beliefs, explanations, perceptions, values, and mores — so that their ruling-class worldview becomes the worldview that is imposed and accepted as the cultural norm; as the universally valid dominant ideology that justifies the social, political, and economic status quo as natural, inevitable, perpetual and beneficial for everyone, rather than as artificial social constructs that benefit only the ruling class.

Gramsci Hegemony• Gramsci uses the idea of hegemony By this he meant the spreading

throughout society of a system of values, attitudes, beliefs and morality that has the effect of supporting the status quo in power relations.

• Hegemony in this sense might be defined as an overarching belief that is diffused by the process of socialisation into every area of daily life.

• Dominant relations of power become seen as common sense so that the philosophy, culture and morality of the ruling elite comes to appear as the natural order of things.

• The values that maintain the power relations infiltrate all levels and aspects of culture.

• A hegemonic belief is something we all concur with, its normal and is spread throughout society.

Gramsci

• Because we all concur with these beliefs and share them we actively contribute to their maintenance.

• Rather than a passive public we give consent to power systems. EG - The ruling groups present themselves as the group best able to provide us with the means to pursue our needs and to maintain power the dominant groups constantly realign themselves and adopt different critical concerns.

Gramsci

• Hegemony is about getting us to actively agree to the system of oppression(authority/power). Ideology is not imposed but a system of choices and ideas. These are grouped together into set which we choose to adhere to media play a part in justifying oppression by making it seem legitimate. The help in the “Manufacture of Consent” – a term taken up by Noam Chomsky

Marxism/Althusser/Gramsci

• Marx sees us as being ruled by the wealthy• Althusser sees us as subjects.• Gramsci sees us as willing if not complicit

participants in our own subjectification.

Task

• How does the media theory we have just covered apply to the representations of youth and youth culture?

• How do you feel the representation of youth and youth culture is implied using theory to back up your answer.