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L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

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Page 1: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● Think of a good L2 speaker you know– What part of their speech is native and

what is non native?

Page 2: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● Think of a good L2 speaker you know– What part of their speech is native and

what is non native?

– Vocabulary, grammar are good

– Phonology is bad

Page 3: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● Think of a good L2 speaker you know– What part of their speech is native and

what is non native?

– Vocabulary, grammar are good

– Phonology is bad

– So is critical period mainly phonology?

Page 4: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● Why is there a critical period?

Page 5: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● Why is there a critical period?– The brain changes

Page 6: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● Why is there a critical period?– The brain changes

Page 7: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● Why is there a critical period?– The brain changes

– Your L1 impedes your learning

Page 8: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● Why is there a critical period?– The brain changes

– Your L1 impedes your learning

– The innate language devise is only on for a few years

Page 9: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● Why is there a critical period?– The brain changes

– Your L1 impedes your learning

– The innate language devise is only on for a few years

– Children and adults learn differently

Page 10: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● Why is there a critical period?– The brain changes

– Your L1 impedes your learning

– The innate language devise is only on for a few years

– Children and adults learn differently

– What if adults has to spend as much time as kids figuring out the language? Time

Page 11: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● How does L1 impede learning?

Page 12: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● How does L1 impede learning?– Highly ingrained habits

– Attending to L1 cues, distinctions

– Brain has strong L1 connections

Page 13: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● What if you were forced to use a dvorak keyboard instead of a QWERTY?

Page 14: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● What if you were forced to use a dvorak keyboard instead of a QWERTY?

● What if you were forced to drive on opposite side of road?

Page 15: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● What if you were forced to use a dvorak keyboard instead of a QWERTY?

● What if you were forced to drive on opposite side of road?

Page 16: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● What if you were forced to use a dvorak keyboard instead of a QWERTY?

● What if you were forced to drive on opposite side of road?

● What if you had to classify all nouns into 7 categories?

Page 17: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● What if you were forced to use a dvorak keyboard instead of a QWERTY?

● What if you were forced to drive on opposite side of road?

● What if you had to classify all nouns into 7 categories?

● What if you had to start sentences with verbs?

Page 18: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● What if there were 5 ways to produce plurals.

Page 19: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● What if there were 5 ways to produce plurals.

● What if your language was written without vowels?

Page 20: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● What if there were 5 ways to produce plurals.

● What if your language was written without vowels?

● What if you had to change the way you speak depending on the person's gender, age, social status, familiarity?

Page 21: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● How fluent will you get by interacting with people in the language 16 hours a day 7 days a week?

Page 22: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● How fluent will you get by interacting with people in the language 16 hours a day 7 days a week?

● How fluent will you get by using the language 5 hours a week?

Page 23: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● Activation model– Adult brains are going to activate all kinds

of L1 stuff when hearing L2.

Page 24: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● Activation model– Adult brains are going to activate all kinds

of L1 stuff when hearing L2.

– Adults are going to use entrenched patterns that are not relevant to L2• word order

• phonotactics

• articulatory habits

Page 25: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● Transfer: applying L1 habits to L2

Page 26: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● Transfer: applying L1 habits to L2– Is it good or bad?

Page 27: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● Transfer: applying L1 habits to L2– Is it good or bad?

– It is good if language structures are the same• -s plural in English and Spanish

• Latin vocabulary in English and Romance languages

Page 28: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● Transfer: applying L1 habits to L2– Is it good or bad?

– It is good if language structures are the same• -s plural in English and Spanish

• Latin vocabulary in English and Romance languages

– It is bad when structures are different

Page 29: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● Can early exposure help later acquisition– Overhearers: heard language in childhood

Page 30: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● Can early exposure help later acquisition– Overhearers: heard language in childhood

– Learned childhood language as adults

Page 31: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● Can early exposure help later acquisition– Overhearers: heard language in childhood

– Learned childhood language as adults

– Had better pronunciation than non-overhearers

– No difference with non-overhearers on morphology

Page 32: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● Can early exposure help later acquisition– Overhearers

– Childhood speakers

– No early exposure

Page 33: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● Can early exposure help later acquisition– Overhearers

– Childhood speakers

– No early exposure• Childhood speakers could distinguish hard

Korean sounds better than overhearers and people with no early exposure

Page 34: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● Problems for adult learners– Feeling like a baby

– Unable to express self-identity

Page 35: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● Problems for adult learners– Feeling like a baby

– Unable to express self-identity

– Not fitting in socially

Page 36: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● Problems for adult learners– Feeling like a baby

– Unable to express self-identity

– Not fitting in socially

– Being illiterate again

Page 37: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● Problems for adult learners– Feeling like a baby

– Unable to express self-identity

– Not fitting in socially

– Being illiterate again

– Being too self-conscious to talk, get feedback, get involved in L2 culture

Page 38: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● People may retain accent to retain cultural identity

Page 39: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● People may retain accent to retain cultural identity

● Immigrants in Germany with good accents– watched more TV in German

– had more German friends

Page 40: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● People may retain accent to retain cultural identity

● Immigrants in Germany with good accents– watched more TV in German

– had more German friends● Immigrants with bad accents adopted less

German culture

Page 41: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● Bad accent may be due to– less practice with Germans, not less

acculturation

Page 42: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

L1 and L2 Acquisition

● Accent changing– When moving to different state

– What does family think of it?

– Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3UgpfSp2t6k
Page 43: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

Bilingualism

● How are two languages processed in the brain?

Page 44: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

Bilingualism

● How are two languages processed in the brain?

● Is it good to raise children bilingual?● Are there benefits to being bilingual?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVYhpCprtzQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yyBrO2bsLfg
Page 45: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

Bilingualism

● Experiment: Spanish / Catalan bilinguals– Shown two pictures, one in red and the

other in green.

– Asked to name picture in green and ignore red one

Page 46: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

Bilingualism

● Distractor with cognate name (cup: tasa, tassa)

● Distractor with non-cognate name (net: red, xarxa)

Page 47: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

Bilingualism

● Distractor with cognate name (cup: tasa, tassa)

● Distractor with non-cognate name (net: red, xarxa)

Page 48: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

Bilingualism

● Distractors with cross language related names (armilla, ardilla)

● Distractors with unrelated names (pico, bec)

Page 49: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

Bilingualism

● Distractors with cross language related names (armilla, ardilla)

● Distractors with unrelated names (pico, bec)

Page 50: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

Bilingualism

● Moral of the story

– We can't help but “see” language

Page 51: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

Bilingualism

● Moral of the story

– We can't help but “see” language

– Both languages are activated when one is being used.

Page 52: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

Bilingualism

● Moral of the story

– We can't help but “see” language

– Both languages are activated when one is being used.

– But wait, what about verbal versus signed languages?

Page 53: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

Bilingualism

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-measures blood flow

Page 54: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

Bilingualism

● Three groups

– ASL / English bilinguals

– ASL monolinguals

– English monolinguals

Page 55: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

Bilingualism

● Experiment:

– Monolingual mode: name picture in one language

– Bilingual mode: name pictures alternating languages

Page 56: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

Bilingualism

● Starred bars are significantly different

● Posterior temporal area is Wernike's area

● Why would sensory motor be more activated in bilingual mode?

Page 57: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

Bilingualism

● So, words in both languages are activated, how about sentences?

Page 58: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

Bilingualism

● So, words in both languages are activated, how about sentences?

– Lexical Decision task with sentences

– German / English bilinguals

Page 59: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

Bilingualism

The tree was painted by the artist.

Primes

The tree was painted by the artist.

Page 60: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

Bilingualism

Der Baum wurde von dem Künstler gemalt.(The tree was painted by the artist.)

Primes

The tree was painted by the girls.

Page 61: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

Bilingualism

Der Baum wurde von dem Künstler gemalt.(The tree was painted by the artist.)

Primes

The moon was painted by the girls.

Page 62: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

Bilingualism

The artist painted the tree.

Primes

Der Künstler malte den Baum.(The artist paints the tree)

Page 63: L1 and L2 Acquisition ● Think of a good L2 speaker you know – What part of their speech is native and what is non native?

Bilingualism

Are languages processed in different parts of the brain?Brain exposed patients shown pictures, and asked to say “this is a ___”

Spot on brain is electrically stimulated.

If stimulation impedes production it’s a language area

Are certain areas particular to one language?

Yes, but more are common to both languages.


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