l-7 gpon system(huawei)
DESCRIPTION
xxTRANSCRIPT
GPON System (M/s Huawei)
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L-7GPON System (M/s Huawei)
GPON System (M/s Huawei)
GPON System (M/s Huawei)
1.0 Introduction
The GPON System (MA5680T) has multiple superior and advanced features such as supporting 8 port GPON board, supporting an optical ratio of 1:128 for the GPON system, supporting the multi-GE upstream transmission and supporting the multi-edge networking.
The MA5680T provides the voice, data, and video services that feature large capacity, high rate, and high bandwidth. To be specific:
The MA5680T functions as an optical line terminal (OLT) in a GPON network to work with the optical network unit (ONU) and optical network terminal (ONT).
The MA5680T supports rich network applications, such as FTTH, FTTB, and FTTC.
The MA5680T meets the network requirements of base station transmission, IP private line interconnection, and multi-ISP wholesale.
The MA5680T supports the point-to-point (P2P) FE optical access.
Fig. 1 Equipment Position in Network
BRAS: broadband remote access server STB: set top boxCATV: cable TV ONT: optical network terminalPSTN: public switched telephone network MG: media gatewayMDU: multi-dwelling unit OLT: optical line terminalODN: optical distribution network ONU: optical network unit
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2.0 Features of GPON System
2.1 Standards-Compliant GPON Access Capability
The MA5680T supports the GPON access, which effectively solves the bottleneck problem of the access through twisted pair cables and meets the requirements of users for high-bandwidth services.
2.1.1 Strict Compliance with ITU-T Recommendations
The ITU-T G.984.x recommendations, including ITU-T G.984.1 to ITU-T G.984.4, define the following aspects for the GPON system:
GPON network architecture
Specification of physical parts
Protocol at the data link layer
Management and control interfaces
The MA5680T is designed in strict compliance with the ITU-T G.984.x recommendations. It is capable of working properly with GPON terminals of different vendors.
2.1.2 Bandwidth Allocation
The MA5680T supports the static bandwidth allocation (SBA) and dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA).
SBA guarantees that each ONT obtains a fixed bandwidth.
DBA guarantees that the bandwidth is dynamically allocated to the ONTs according to the change in user traffic.
SBA and DBA support a bandwidth control granularity of 64 kbit/s.
The MA5680T provides hierarchical bandwidth control in the upstream and downstream directions.
In the upstream direction, bandwidth is allocated to the users or the user groups in the SBA and DBA modes based on the transmission container (T-CONT).
Up to 1K T-CONT/PON ports are supported.
In the upstream and downstream directions, accurate committed access rate (CAR) is performed based on the traffic stream.
The CAR based traffic stream supports a 64 kbit/s bandwidth control accuracy.
2.1.3 High Rate
The system uses the passive optical transmission to solve the bandwidth bottleneck of the access over the twisted pair cables.
The system supports the downstream rate of 2.488 Gbit/s and the upstream rate of 1.244 Gbit/s.
The system provides a sufficient bandwidth that meets the current service requirements and guarantees provisioning of services with a higher bandwidth in the future.
2.1.4 Long Distance
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The MA5680T adopts the passive optical transmission to support a long-reach service coverage, which the access technology over the twisted pair cables does not support.
The maximum logical transmission distance is 60 km. The physical distance between the farthest ONT and the nearest ONT can be up to 20 km.
The MA5680T supports the downstream forward error correction (FEC) to extend the transmission distance.
2.1.5 High Optical Split Ratio
The 8-port GPON access board supports a high optical split ratio of 1:128. This helps to expand the system capacity and save fiber resources, thus facilitating the expansion of the network.
2.1.6 High Efficiency
All data is encapsulated as frames with a fixed length of 125 μs based on GPON encapsulation mode (GEM). This helps to reduce the overhead bytes and improve the transmission efficiency. When the upstream transmission bandwidth is 1.244 Gbit/s, the transmission efficiency reaches up to 93%.
2.1.7 High Density
The MA5680T provides the 8-port or 4-port GPON access board, which increases the system capacity.
2.2 Abundant Ports
The MA5680T provides various upstream ports, service ports and maintenance ports to adapt to different network environments. Table 1 lists the physical ports on the MA5680T.
Table-1 Physical ports on the MA5680T
Port Type Port Description
Upstream port GE optical/electrical port
All GE optical ports use the small form factor pluggable (SFP) optical transceivers. Through different SFP modules, the optical ports support different transmission distances. Single-mode SFP transceivers and multi-mode SFP transceivers are available.
Multi-GE upstream transmission is supported to meet the multi-edge network requirements of the carrier.
10GE optical port It provides the 10GE upstream transmission function
E1 port It provides the E1 upstream transmission function
STM-1 port It supports the upstream transmission through the STM-1 optical port and supports the ESFP/SFP module.
Service port GPON port It provides the GPON access. It supports a maximum
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upstream rate of 1.244 Gbit/s and a maximum downstream rate of 2.488 Gbit/s
P2P optical port It provides the P2P Ethernet optical access at a rate of 100 Mbit/s.
Ethernet optical port
It provides the GE subtending function.
Maintenance
port
Maintenance serial port
It is used for local and remote Maintenance
Environment monitoring serial port
Various environment parameters are collected by the monitoring device and then through this port reported to the MA5680T.
2.3 Powerful QoS Capability
The MA5680T provides the following powerful quality of service (QoS) solutions to facilitate the management of different services:
The MA5680T supports the following powerful QoS capabilities:
Tags the data and network management streams with different ToS/DSCP priorities, thus providing a prioritized forwarding mechanism based on L3
Tags the data and network management streams with different 802.1p priorities, thus providing a prioritized forwarding mechanism based on L2
Supports L2-L7 traffic classification based on the port, VLAN, MAC address, IP address, TCP port number, or UDP port number
Supports priority control (based on the port, MAC address, IP address, TCP port number, or UDP port number), priority mapping and modification based on the ToS field and 802.1p, and DSCP differentiated services
Supports bandwidth control (based on the port, MAC address, IP address, TCP port number, or UDP port number) with a control granularity of 64 kbit/s
Supports the following QoS strategies based on traffic rules:
– Packet filtering
– Packet redirection
– Flow mirroring
– Traffic statistics
– Traffic shaping
– Bandwidth control
– Priority tagging
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Supports hierarchical quality of service (HQoS), which guarantees the multi-service bandwidths for multiple users: The first level guarantees the user bandwidths, and the second level guarantees the bandwidths for the services of each user. This ensures that the guaranteed bandwidths absolutely pass and the burst bandwidths pass fairly.
2.4 Large-Capacity Shared Platform
The MA5680T provides the large-capacity shared platform that features a high-speed switching capacity.
The switching capacity of the backplane reaches up to 3.2 Tbit/s.
The bidirectional switching capacity of the control board reaches up to 480 Gbit/s.
The GPBD board supports eight GPON ports. The entire shelf supports up to 8K ONTs.
Sharing the development platforms with Huawei broadband access devices, the MA5680T supports the L2 and L3 features of the broadband access devices to provide user oriented and future-oriented functions.
2.5 Strict Security
To meet the security requirements for carrier-class telecom services, the MA5680T provides the following features to ensure the security of the system and the user.
2.5.1 System Security
Prevention of denial of service (DoS) attacks
Access control list (ACL)-based access control
Media access control (MAC) address filtering
Prevention of ICMP/IP packet attacks
Source address routing filtering
SNMP V3 for system management, providing a security mechanism based on the user based security model (USM)
Secure data loading and backup through the Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)
Remote authentication dial in user service (RADIUS) authentication of maintenance and management staff
Hierarchical right control, that is, different rights for maintenance and management staff at different levels
Firewall black list
802.3ah:
– Supports transceiving and processing of Information OAMPDU packets to carry out OAM discovery and obtain the terminal vendor information.
– Supports resolution of the received Event Notification OAMPDU packets.
2.5.2 User Security
Layer 2 (L2) user isolation and controlled mutual access
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Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Option82 to enhance the DHCP security
Binding between MAC/IP addresses and ports
Policy Information Transfer Protocol (PITP) to identify users by the physical port information
Prevention of MAC spoofing and IP spoofing
Query of the IP address of a port by its MAC address
802.1X-based user authentication, which prevents account forgery and enhances accuracy of the billing in a wireline network
MAC/IP address binding based on the GEM port
Restriction on the number of MAC addresses based on the GEM port
Authentication based on the serial number (SN) and password of the ONU/ONT
Encrypted broadcast transmission in the GPON downstream direction for different users, such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 128-bit encryption
Setting the update period of the AES encryption key
2.6 Flexible Networking
As a multi-service access platform, the MA5680T supports multiple access modes to suit various network scenarios in different environments. The MA5680T provides the following network solutions:
2.6.1 FTTx network application
The MA5680T supports the FTTH, FTTB, and FTTC network applications. Through FTTH, FTTB, and FTTC, the MA5680T meets the network requirements of the scattered new high-end buildings or villas, and the network requirements of populous apartments and small enterprise and institution office buildings.
2.6.2 Mobile bearer network application
The MA5680T supports the mobile bearer network application, which converges the fixed network and mobile network on the bearer plane, helps save the CAPEX and OPEX, and implements the evolution of IP-based network. The MA5680T supports the 1588 V2 clock, which provides the clock synchronization function with a higher precision for the mobile bearer network.
2.6.3 TDM private line network application
The MA5680T supports the TDM private line network application, which protects the investments of users on the existing network. The following scenarios are supported:
– Terminating the SAToP(Structure-Agnostic TDM over Packet) and transmitting the service upstream in the E1/STM-1 mode
– Terminating the native TDM and transmitting the service upstream in the E1/STM-1 mode
– Terminating the native TDM and transmitting the service upstream in the SAToP mode
NOTE
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In the MA5680T system, the TDM Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) technology is used to interconnect the traditional TDM network with the packet switched network (PSN). In this manner, the resources are shared, the network is expanded, and the all IP architecture is implemented.
2.6.4 MSTP network application
The MA5680T supports the MSTP network application, providing redundant links with a better load balancing function, which is applicable to all the networks with the service protection requirement.
2.6.5 QinQ network application
The MA5680T supports the QinQ network application. This application saves the public VLAN ID resources and implements the transparent transmission of private VLANs to the public network.
2.6.6 VLAN stacking network application
The MA5680T supports VLAN stacking network application to implement the VLAN extended service and multi-ISP wholesale service.
2.6.7 Triple play network application
The powerful service processing capability of the MA5680T helps provide voice,data and video services to users simultaneously with guaranteed QoS.
2.7 Operable IPTV Service
The MA5680T has a powerful service switching capacity, packet forwarding capability, and high integration of data switching and user management, which lays a foundation for operable and manageable multicast services. The MA5680T provides flexible multicast solutions by supporting Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) V2/V3 on the user side interface and the network side interface. This lays the foundation for operability and manageability of broadband multicast services.
2.8 Carrier-Class Reliability
The system reliability is taken into consideration in the system, hardware, and software designs to ensure reliable running of the MA5680T.
2.8.1 System Design
The MA5680T has the following features on system design:
Compliance with carrier-class reliability design
Comprehensive exception handling capability
Self-healing
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) test passed
Lightning protection and anti-interference functions
Diverse alarm information for quick detection and rectification of faults that occur during the service provisioning of the device
Remote maintenance
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Strictly selected components that improve the reliability of the device Fault pre-warning on the exhaustive units and parts, such as the fan, power supply, and battery
Bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD)- This implements the quick detection of the communication faults between adjacent systems. In the case of a fault, an alternative channel can be quickly set up or the service can be quickly switched to other links.
Optical line protection- The system supports the 1+1 (type B) protection for the PON port and the 50 ms level service protection switching for the backbone optical fiber.
In-service upgrade
High temperature detection
The system supports the functions of querying the board temperature, setting the temperature threshold, and high temperature shutdown.
2.8.2 Hardware Design
The MA5680T has the following features on hardware design:
The control board and the upstream interface board support 1+1 redundancy backup.
All service boards and the control boards are hot swappable.
The power modules of the boards in the shelf have soft-start circuit and protective circuit and provide current-limit and short circuit protection. This enables the boards to resist lightning strikes and surges.
The communication system adopts a redundancy design and provides outband channels for communication between the boards.
The system provides a backup channel for the hardware control channel.
2.8.3 Software Design
The MA5680T has the following features on software design:
Compliance with the modularized and platform-based design concept, and loosely coupled design for each software module
Advanced design principles, such as object-orientation, error tolerance, error correction, and automatic recovery
Compliance with the capability maturity model (CMM)
In-service software upgrade
2.8.4 Power Supply Design
The MA5680T has the following features on power supply design:
The power system adopts a redundancy design, and provides dual -48/-60 VDC inputs to two PRTE power interface boards to supply power to the shelf.
The power interface board has the protective circuit to ensure the service consistency when the power supply of the board is faulty.
The system supports input/output current-limiting protection.
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The system supports the reporting of the monitoring information, and remote control to improve the system reliability.
2.8.5 Heat Dissipation Design
The MA5680T has the following features on heat dissipation design:
The heat dissipation system adopts a redundancy design, ensuring normal service operation when one fan is faulty.
The host software supports fan speed adjustment.
The fan tray provides the fault alarm port for the optical coupling isolation parameter to report the fault information.
To lower the power consumption and heat consumption of the system and achieve an optimal energy conservation effect, the MA5680T provides the following functions:
– High temperature control function for the board
– Stepless speed adjustment of fans based on the component temperature
2.8.6 Networking Redundancy Design
The MA5680T has the following features on networking redundancy design:
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) protection and trunk function on FE/GE ports. When a link is faulty, MSTP provides a loop free connected network.
GPON Type B OLT dual homing
Smart link and monitor link for the network with dual upstream channels
Network-side ETH OAM and joint switchover
Protection switching of the STM-1 ports when the STM-1 port is used for the upstream transmission
Inter-board protection for multiple GE upstream boards (The upstream board must be the ETHB board or the SPUA board.)
3.0 Hardware Architecture
The N63E-22 cabinet adopts the DC power and two service shelves can be installed in the cabinet. The ETSI service shelf provides 23 slots, and has a fan tray at the top. The shelf is installed in the cabinet through the mounting brackets. The ETSI service shelf provides 16 slots for service boards and two slots for control boards.
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Figure 2 Appearance Cabinet and sub-rack
The ETSI service shelf provides 16 slots for service boards and two slots for control boards. The ETSI service shelf provides 23 slots. The first slot (from left to right) can house two power interface boards and one BIUA board or CITD board, and the last slot can house two uplink interface boards. Figure 3 shows the configuration of boards in the ETSI service shelf. Table 1 lists the applicable boards.
Figure 3 Configuration of boards in the ETSI service shelf
Slots 1–8 and 11–18 are for the service boards.
Slots 9 and 10 are for the main control boards (SCU boards).
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The rightmost consists of two parts. The upper part (slot 19) and the lower part (slot 20) are general interface slots (GIU) to provide uplink ports.
Table 1 Boards in the ETSI service shelf
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4.0 Board Overview
Table 2 lists the type, silk screen, full name, and function of the boards supported by the MA5680T. All the boards listed in Table 2-3 support -48 V and -60 V power supplies. This topic uses the -48 V power supply as an example.
Table 2 Boards supported by the MA5680T
Board Type Silk Screen
Full Name Function
Control board SCUL Super control unit System control and management unit
Local and remote maintenance
Active/standby switchover
GE or 10GE channel to the service board
Environmental monitoring parameters
Configured with the CKMA clock subboard that works with the BITS interface board to implement the clock phase-lock function
Clock synchronization
VoIP logical subboard
Service
Board
GPBC 4-port GPON interface
board
Four GPON ports
Up to 64 ONTs for each GPON port
GPBD 8-port GPON interface
board
Eight GPON SFP ports (one-fiber bi-directional port)
Up to 128 ONTs for each GPON port
Class B+ and class C+ optical transceivers
Querying the temperature and powering off the board in case of a high temperature
CSPA SATop TDM service
processing board
SAToP processing of 64 channels of E1 signals
Active/standby switchover or load sharing of the control boards l 8 kHz clock channel from the CSPA board to the backplane, which is used to transmit the clock signals recovered from the
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service to the control board
Providing one 10GE attachment unit interface (XAUI) to each control board
Querying the temperature and powering off the board in case of a high temperature
SPUA High-performance
service processing
board
Switching capacity of 40 G
Eight GE ports and two 10GE ports on the front panel
SFP interface
Converging the ETH access services
Enhanced L2 functions such as the S+C forwarding
Querying the temperature and powering off the board in case of a high temperature
SPUB MPLS service
processing board
5G MPLS function for each slot
One 10GE attachment unit interface (XAUI) to each control board
Active/standby switchover and load sharing of the control boards
Querying the temperature and powering off the board in case of a high temperature MA5680T
TOPA TDM service board Native TDM function
CESoP function (when the EH1A/ CSSA subboard is configured)
TDM signal upstream transmission through the E1 port (when the NH1A/EH1A subboard is configured)
TDM signal upstream transmission through the STM-1 optical port (when the O2CE/CSSA subboard is configured)
OPFA 16-channel FE optical service board
16-channels of FE optical signals
Base station backhaul and transmission of the synchronous Ethernet clock
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signals
Ethernet service board
ETHB Ethernet subtending Ethernet upstream transmission
Ethernet subtending
Eight SFP GE optical transceiver or GE electrical ports
Inter-board aggregation
Load sharing and redundancy protection
Uplink
interface
board
GICF 2-channel GE uplink optical interface board
Upstream transmission or subtending
Two GE optical ports
GICG 2-channel GE uplink electrical interface
Upstream transmission or subtending
Two GE electrical ports
GICK 2-channel GE uplink optical/electrical
Upstream transmission and subtending
Two SFP GE optical/electrical ports (auto-adaptation)
Ethernet clock synchronization
Compliance with IEEE
GICD 4-channel GE optical interface board
Upstream transmission or subtending
Four GE ports
GICE 4-channel GE electrical interface board
The GICD board supports four GE optical ports
The GICE board supports four GE electrical ports
X1CA 1-channel 10GE optical interface board
One 10GE upstream or subtending optical port
X2CA 2-channel 10GE optical
interface board
Two 10GE upstream or subtending optical ports
X2CS 2-channel 10GE optical
interface board
Two 10GE upstream ports
10GE synchronization Ethernet
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Universal interface board
CITD Universal interface board
Seven inputs of alarm digital parameters and one output of digital controlling parameters
Two BITS inputs and one BITS output
Clock board BIUA Clock board Two standard BITS clock inputs and one standard BITS clock output
Input and output of 2 MHz and E1 signals
Tracing the input clock source of the two channels of BITS clock or tracing the output clock source of the control board
Multiple working modes, such as tracing, holdover, and free-run
Power board PRTE DC Power interface board
One -48 V power input
Filtering and current-limiting for the input power
Under-voltage detection, detection of whether the input power exists, and fault detection
Alarm report and presence signal report
ALARM LED
5.0 ONTs (Optical Network Terminal)
HG850a is an indoor optical network terminal (ONT) at the gigabit-capable passive optical network (GPON) user access layer, designed for home users and SOHO users. Adopting the GPON technology, the HG850a connects the home users and SOHO users to the Internet through the optical upstream port.
On the local area network (LAN) side, the HG850a provides abundant hardware ports to meet multiple networking requirements of home users and SOHO users. At the same time, based on the IP network, the HG850a can provide you with the voice over IP (VoIP) service, the Modem over IP (MoIP) and the fax over IP (FoIP) service of high quality and low cost. Thus, you can enjoy the quality voice service, superior video service, and high-speed data service.
The HG850a supports the ONT management and control interface (OMCI) technology, which facilitates the automatic service provision remotely by service providers, and the remote maintenance and management by network maintenance staff. Figure 1 shows the appearance and the ports on the HG850a.
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Figure 4 appearance and the ports on the HG850a
Table 3 describes the ports on the HG850a.
Table 3
Interface Function
OPTICAL GPON port. It is used to connect with an optical fiber for upstream transmission.
The type of the optical connector connected to the OPTICAL port is SC/APC, and the type of the optical connector connected to the optical in the wall is determined according to actual conditions.
LAN1-LAN4 Ethernet ports. They are used to connect the network devices (such as the PC, STB, or switch). The four Ethernet ports can be
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used at the same time.
TEL1-TEL2 VoIP telephone ports. They are used to connect the telephone
set or fax machine to provide the IP telephone service and fax service. The two VoIP telephone ports can be used at the same time.
POWER Power port. It is a power port connected to the power adapter or batteries.
ON/OFF On/Off switch, used to power on or power off the HG850a.
Network Applications
4.1 FTTx Network Applications
The MA5680T cooperates with the ONT or other ONUs to support multiple FTTx network
applications. Through FTTH, the MA5680T meets the network requirements of the scattered
new high-end buildings or villas; through FTTB, the MA5680T meets the network requirements
of populous apartments and small enterprise and institution office buildings; through FTTC, the
MA5680T meets the network requirements of residential neighborhoods.
Service Description
The MA5680T supports multiple FTTx network requirements:
l The MA5680T supports the FTTH network application. Through FTTH, the MA5680T
uses a single optical fiber to provide the voice, data, and video services for the scattered
new high-end buildings or villas.
l The MA5680T supports the FTTB network application. Intended for the building where
twisted pair cables are routed, the MA5680T provides the voice, data, and video services
for the community users through FTTB by connecting to an ONT or another ONU in the
downstream direction. The ONT or ONU then distributes the services to each user through
the twisted pair cables.
An FTTB network is suitable for high-density apartments and small enterprise office
buildings.
l The MA5680T supports the FTTC network application. The MA5680T provides the voice,
data, and video services for the community users through FTTC by connecting to the MDU
in the downstream direction. The MDU then distributes the services to each user through
the twisted pair cables.
Example Network
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Figure 4-1 shows an example network of FTTx.
BRAS: broadband remote access server MG: media gateway
ONT: optical network terminal STB: set top box
MDU: multi-dwelling unit
Network Description
l VoIP service
After passing through the ONT, the VoIP packets reach the MA5680T. The MA5680T then
transmits the packets to the NGN network, or to the PSTN network through an MG.
Data service
The PCs are connected to the MA5680T through the ONTs. The PCs are then connected
to the IP network through the BRAS.
l Video service
The video traffic is sent to the ONTs in the IPTV or cable television (CATV) mode.
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Video services in the IPTV and CATV modes are described as follows:
– IPTV
In the IPTV mode, the video service is delivered over IP multicast traffic, supplying
users with various programs.
The MA5680T manages the multicast user rights and programs based on IGMP proxy
and controllable multicast. After the users have passed the authentication of the
MA5680T, the MA5680T transmits the IGMP protocol packets to the device at the
convergence layer.
The multicast server transmits the video traffic to the MA5680T through the backbone
network and the convergence network. The MA5680T forwards the traffic to the user
terminals based on the authentication results.
At the user end, the STB terminates video signals, performs media conversion, and
controls program switching.
– CATV
Through the electrical-to-optical conversion, video streams are converted into
downstream optical waves, and then superposed with downstream optical waves of the
GPON in the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) mode. The superposed waves
are transmitted to the ONT in the downstream direction through an optical fiber. Then
the ONT separates the video signals from the waves, and sends the signals to the TV.
In this manner, the video service is implemented.
4.2 Mobile Bearer Network Application
The MA5680T supports the mobile bearer network application, which converges the fixed
network and mobile network on the bearer plane, helps to save the CAPEX and OPEX, and
implements the evolution of IP-based network.
Service Description
To address the growing number of mobile users and increasing demand for the mobile data and
video services, 3G mobile stations need to be expanded to provide high bandwidth.
Compared with the SDH/ATM private line technologies, the IP return transmission technology
of the MA5680T not only provides an easy return transmission solution for base stations, but
also helps to save the cost for base station return transmission to a great extent.
In the mobile bearer network application, the IP-based return transmission technology is adopted
as a replacement of the TDM-based or ATM-based return transmission technology to implement
the integration of fixed and mobile networks at the bearer layer. In this way, the need to maintain
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only one network helps to reduce the CAPEX and OPEX, thus facilitating the evolution to an
all-IP network.
Example Network
Figure 4-2 shows the mobile bearer network application.
Network Description
The mobile bearer network application has the following features:
l The base station adopts distributed mode, and provides IP ports and EI ports.
– The base station adopts distributed mode. The voice service is transmitted upstream
through the E1 ports, and the data service is transmitted upstream through the IP ports.
– The voice service requires small bandwidth; therefore, usually one or two E1 ports are
required. The data service requires high bandwidth; therefore, the base station adopts
IP port for data service transmission, thus improving the bandwidth utilization for the
upstream data service.
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l The base station does not adopt the distributed mode.
– For a large number of legacy base stations and base stations that are currently under
construction, IP upstream connection is not adopted, and only E1 ports are used for
upstream transmission
– The E1 ports must support PWE3 to facilitate service bearing over an IP network.
The MA5680T supports the clock in the mobile bearer network.
l The MA5680T obtains the clock information from the BITS, and transmits the clock
information to the downstream mobile base stations through the ONT. In this manner, clock
synchronization is maintained between the base station, the BSC and the RNC, thus
ensuring that the end users are not affected during a service switchover between base
stations.
l The MA5680T supports the BC mode of the 1588 V2 clock model. The MA5680T works
with the ONU to provide clock information to the base station, thus ensuring the highprecision
clock frequency and phase synchronization.
4.3 TDM Private Line Network Application
The MA5680T supports the TDM private line network application, which protects the
investment on the traditional TDM network and implements the all IP architecture.
Service Description
The MA5680T supports the TDM private line network application. The following network
applications are supported:
l Terminating the circuit-emulation service over packet (SAToP) and transmitting the service
upstream in the E1/STM-1 mode
l Terminating the native TDM and transmitting the service upstream in the E1/STM-1 mode
l Terminating the native TDM and transmitting the service upstream in the SAToP mode
Terminating the SAToP and Transmitting the Service Upstream in the E1/STM-1
Mode
Figure 4-3 shows the network application for terminating the SAToP(Structure-Agnostic TDM
over Packet) and transmitting the service upstream in the E1/STM-1 mode
Figure 4-3 Network application for terminating the SAToP and transmitting the service
upstream in the E1/STM-1 mode
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In the upstream direction, the ONT encapsulates the E1 service into the PON frame in the format
of SAToP packet, and the PON network transmits the PON frame to the MA5680T that functions
as an OLT. The MA5680T decapsulates the SAToP packet and the E1 service, and then the
MA5680T can provide the E1 for connecting to the upper-layer TDM network and the STM-1
port for connecting to the SDH network..
In the downstream direction, the TDM network service is transmitted to the MA5680T through
the E1/STM-1 port. The MA5680T converts the E1/STM-1 service stream into the SAToP
packet, and then encapsulates the SAToP packet into the PON frame. Then, the PON network
transmits the PON frame to the corresponding ONT, and the ONT decapsulates the E1 service.
Terminating the Native TDM and Transmitting the Service Upstream in the E1/
STM-1 Mode
Figure 4-4 shows the network application for terminating the native TDM and transmitting the
service upstream in the E1/STM-1 mode.
Figure 4-4 Network application for terminating the Native TDM and transmitting the service
upstream in the E1/STM-1 mode
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Network description:
The TDM service of the base station and enterprise users can be accessed through the E1 port
of the ONT, and the ONT transmits the Ethernet service and TDM service upstream to the OLT
simultaneously. The OLT identifies and forwards the Ethernet service and TDM service,
transmitting them to the upper-layer IP network and TDM network respectively. The OLT can
provide the E1 for connecting to the upper-layer TDM network and the STM-1 port for
connecting to the SDH network.
Terminating the Native TDM and Transmitting the Service Upstream in the SAToP
Mode
Figure 4-5 shows the network application for terminating the native TDM and transmitting the
service upstream in the SAToP mode.
Figure 4-5 Network application for terminating the Native TDM and transmitting the service
upstream in the SAToP mode
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Network description:
The mobile 2G base station is connected to the ONT through the TDM E1 port, and the ONT
encapsulates the TDM packets into the GPON GEM frame directly to implement TDM service
transmission over the GPON network (native TDM). The OLT converts the native TDM service
into SAToP packets, and finally transmits the traffic stream to the peer end over the PSN. (The
device at the peer end must have the corresponding TDM PWE3 function.) In this manner, the
traditional TDM service can be transmitted over the PSN, and the all IP architecture of the entire
network is implemented.
4.4 MSTP Network Application
The MA5680T supports the MSTP network application, providing redundant links with a better
load balancing function, which is applicable to all the networks with the service protection
requirement.
Service Description
The Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) is compatible with the Spanning Tree Protocol
(STP) and Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP). In addition, MSTP can remedy the drawback
of STP and RSTP. MSTP supports quick booting, and can also provide enhanced load balancing
function for redundant links.
MSTP is applicable to a network with the service-protection requirement.
Example Network
Figure 4-6 shows the MSTP network application.
Figure 4-6 MSTP network application
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Network Description
The MA5680Ts form an MSTP network, which meets the service-protection requirement and
saves the optical fiber resources. In addition, the spanning tree instance can be configured
according to the VLAN to implement the load balancing for upstream ports.
It is not recommended that you build an MSTP network at major nodes with a large number of
users because an MSTP network requires the switchover time and has restrictions on the number
of MAC addresses.
4.5 QinQ Network Application
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The MA5680T supports the QinQ network application. This application saves the public VLAN
ID resources and implements the transparent transmission of private VLANs to the public
network.
Service Description
The 802.1q in 802.1q (QinQ) application supports allocation of public VLAN IDs to user packets
that have VLAN tags so that the packets can be transmitted in the backbone network by using
the public VLAN IDs. In this way, public VLAN ID resources are saved to a great extent, and
the P2P interconnection between private line users across the MAN is facilitated.
Example Network
Figure 4-7 shows the QinQ network application.
Figure 4-7 QinQ network application
Network Description
In the QinQ application, the user packets transmitted in the backbone network have two layers
of VLAN tags: a public VLAN tag and a private VLAN tag.
l On the user side of the MA5680T
The enterprise users are connected to the MA5680T through the ONT and the traffic is
delivered in the VLAN mode. The users of VLAN 1 and VLAN 2 are connected to the
MA5680T. The MA5680T allocates a public VLAN ID (VLAN 3 with the QinQ attribute)
to the packets, and forwards the packets to the upper-layer network.
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l On the network side of the MA5680T
In the backbone network, the packets are transmitted based on the public VLAN ID. After
the packets reach the MA5680T on the other side of the backbone network, the
MA5680T removes the public VLAN tag from the packets, and passes the packets to the
user side device.
In the QinQ application, the transparent transmission of the private VLAN in the public network
is supported and public VLAN ID resources are saved. A simple two-layer virtual private
network (VPN) channel is provided to implement the function of transparent transmission of
private VLANs and services to the peer end and to expand the private network.
4.6 VLAN Stacking Network Application
The MA5680T supports VLAN stacking network application to implement the VLAN extended
service and multi-ISP wholesale service.
Service Description
l VLAN extension: This is used to increase the number of VLANs and identify users.
l Multi-ISP wholesale service: The upper-layer network works in L2 working mode and the
packets are directly transmitted according to the VLAN and the MAC address.
VLAN stacking is similar to QinQ in implementation, but the user packet of VLAN stacking is
encapsulated with two VLAN tags and the user packet of QinQ is encapsulated with one VLAN
tag.
Example Network
Figure 4-8 shows the VLAN stacking network application.
Figure 4-8 VLAN stacking network application
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Network Description
In the VLAN stacking application, the BRAS must authenticate both layers of VLAN tags. When
a packet reaches the MA5680T, it is tagged with two VLAN tags (outer VLAN and inner VLAN),
and then transmitted to the associated ISP based on the outer VLAN tag. The user is identified
by the inner VLAN tag.
The VLAN stacking application ensures that the VLANs can be reused, and realizes the multi-
IPS wholesale service.
4.7 Triple Play Network Application
The powerful service processing capability of the MA5680T helps to provide data and video
services to users simultaneously with guaranteed QoS.
Service Description
The MA5680T supports the following triple play solutions:
l GPON: Triple play solution through multiple GEM ports
Different GEM ports are used to differentiate different traffic streams.
Different traffic streams are mapped to different GEM ports according to the VLAN ID,
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802.1p, or physical port, and then sent to the MA5680T for processing.
l GPON: Triple play solution through a single GEM port
The MA5680T differentiates the service streams according to the Ethernet type of the userside
packet, VLAN ID at the user side, or 802.1p domain at the user side, and then controls
the traffic streams.
The current ONT need not be re-configured, which saves the GEM port resources.
Example Network
Figure 4-9 shows the triple play network application.
Figure 4-9 Triple play network application
BRAS: broadband remote access server MG: media gateway
ONT: optical network terminal STB: set top box
Network Description
l VoIP service
After passing through the ONT, the VoIP packets reach the MA5680T. The MA5680T then
transmits the packets to the NGN network, or to the PSTN network through an MG.
l Data service
The ONTs are connected to the MA5680T. The packets from the ONTs are transmitted
upstream to the IP network after being processed by the BRAS.
l Video service
– The video service is delivered over IP multicast traffic, providing users with various
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programs.
– The IGMP proxy control packets are transmitted to the upstream multicast server by
the MA5680T, thus implementing the management on the multicast users and programs.
– The video traffic stream is transmitted to the MA5680T by the multicast server, and the
MA5680T forwards the traffic stream transparently to the multicast users.
On the user terminal, the video signals are terminated and the media is converted on the
set top box (STB). In addition, the STB controls the program switching.
Through the triple play network application, the access mode of multiple services can be
implemented simultaneously on the same user terminal.
2.0 Fiber To The x (FTTx)
Today, fiber networks come in many varieties, depending on the termination point: building (FTTB), home (FTTH), curb (FTTC) etc. For simplicity, most people have begun to refer to the fiber network as FTTx, in which x stands for the termination point. As telecommunications providers consider the best method for delivering fiber to their subscribers, they have a variety of FTTx architectures to consider. FTTH, FTTB, and FTTC each have different configurations and characteristics.
2.1 FTTH (Fiber To The Home):
FTTH is now a cost-effective alternative to the traditional copper loop. “Fiber to the Home” is defined as a telecommunications architecture in which a communications path is provided over optical fiber cables extending from an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) unit located in central office (CO) connects to an Optical Network Terminal (ONT) at each premise. Both OLTs and ONTs are active devices. This communications path is provided for the purpose of carrying telecommunications traffic to one or more subscribers and for one or more services (for example Internet Access, Telephony and/or Video-Television). FTTH consists of a single optical fiber cable from the base station to the home. The optical/electrical signals are converted and connection to the user’s PC via an Ethernet card. FTTH is the final configuration of access networks using optical fiber cable.
OLTE
Central Office
Optical Fiber Cable
User’s Home
ONU
OLTE
OLTE
Central Office
Optical Fiber Cable
User’s Home
ONU
Fig. 1 FTTH Configuration
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2.2 FTTB (Fiber To The Building):
“Fiber to the Building” is defined as a telecommunications architecture in which a communications path is provided over optical fiber cables extending from an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) unit located in central office (CO) connects to an Optical Network Unit (ONU at the boundary of the apartment or office or building enclosing the home or business of the subscriber or set of subscribers, but where the optical fiber terminates before reaching the home living space or business office space and where the access path continues to the subscriber over a physical medium other than optical fiber (for example copper loops).
OLTE
Central Office
Optical Fiber Cable
User’s Building
ONU
Copper loops
OLTE
OLTE
Central Office
Optical Fiber Cable
User’s Building
ONU
Copper loops
Fig. 2 FTTB Configuration
FTTB regarded as a transitional stage to FTTH. By introducing fiber cables from the fiber termination point to the home living space or business office space FTTB can be converted to full FTTH. Such a conversion is desirable as FTTH provides better capacity and longevity than FTTB. Optical fiber cable is installed up to the metallic cable installed within the building. A LAN or existing telephone metallic cable is then used to connect to the user.
2.3 FTTC (Fiber To The Curb):
A method of installing optical fiber cable by the curb near the user’s home. An optical communications system is then used between the ONU installed outside (such as near the curb or on Street Cabinet) from the installation center. Finally, copper cable is used between the ONU and user.
OLTE
Central Office
Optical Fiber Cable
User’s Home
Copper Cable
ONU
ONU
OLTE
OLTE
Central Office
Optical Fiber Cable
User’s Home
Copper Cable
ONUONU
ONUONU
Fig.3 FTTC Configuration
3.0 Why FTTH?
FTTH is a true multi-service communications access which simultaneously handles several phone calls, TV/video streams, and Internet users in the home/office. There are several advantages of deploying FTTH over other traditional access technologies as given below:
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FTTH provides end-users with a broad range of communications and entertainment services, and faster activation of new services.
Competition is beginning to offer a “multi-play” (i.e., voice, video, data etc) bundle.
FTTH provides Service Provider’s with the ability to provide “cutting edge” technology and “best-in-class” services.
Deploying a fiber optic cable to each premise will provide an extraordinary amount of bandwidth for future services.
FTTH provides carriers with an opportunity to increase the average revenues per user (ARPU), to reduce the capital investment required to deliver multiple services, and to lower the costs of operating networks (fewer outdoor electronics, remote management, ..) will result in less operational expense.
FTTH provides the community in which it’s located with superior communications which enhance the efficiency of local business and thus deliver economic advantage for the community.
Around the world FTTH is viewed as strategic national infrastructure similar to roads, railways, and telephone networks.
4.0 Technology Options for FTTH Architecture:
When deciding which architecture to select a provider has many things to consider including the existing outside plant, network location, the cost of deploying the network, subscriber density and the return on investment (ROI). At present different technology options are available for FTTH architecture .The network can be installed as an active optical network, or a passive optical network (PON).
4.1 Active Optical Network
The active optical network implementation is known as the “Active Node” and is simply described as a “point-to-point” solution. Subscribers are provided a dedicated optical cable and the distribution points are handled by active optical equipment. These active architectures have been setup as either “Home Run Fiber” or “Active Star Ethernet”.
4.1.1 Home Run Fiber (Point-to-Point) Architecture
A Home Run Fiber architecture is one in which a dedicated fiber line is connected at the central office (CO) to a piece of equipment called an Optical Line Terminator (OLT). At the end user location, the other side of the dedicated fiber connects to an Optical Network Terminal (ONT). Both OLTs and ONTs are active, or powered, devices, and each is equipped with an optical laser The Home Run fiber solution offers the most bandwidth for an end user and, therefore, also offers the greatest potential for growth. Over the long term Home Run Fiber is the most flexible architecture; however, it may be less attractive when the physical layer costs are considered. Because a dedicated fiber is deployed to each premise, Home Run Fiber requires the installation of much more fiber than other options, with each fiber running the entire distance between the subscriber and the CO.
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Point To Point
CO
User’s Premise
Point To Point
CO
User’s Premise
Fig. 4 Home Run Fiber (Point-to-Point) architecture
4.1.2 Active Star Ethernet (Point-to-Multi Point) Architecture
Active Star Ethernet (ASE) architecture is a point-to-Multi-point architecture in which multiple premises share one feeder fiber through a Ethernet switch located between the CO and the served premises.
P2M Switched
EthernetCO
User’s Premise
P2M Switched
EthernetCO
User’s Premise
Fig. 5 Active Star Ethernet (ASE) architecture
With Active Star Ethernet (ASE) architecture, end users still get a dedicated fiber to their location; however, the fiber runs between their location and Ethernet switch. Like Home Run Fiber, subscribers can be located as far away from the Ethernet switch and each subscriber is provided a dedicated “pipe” that provides full bidirectional bandwidth. Active Star Ethernet reduces the amount of fiber deployed; lowering costs through the sharing of fiber.
4.2 Passive Optical Network (Point-to-Multipoint) Architecture
The key interface points of PON are in the central office equipment, called the OLT for optical line terminal, and the CPE, called ONU for optical network unit (for EPON) and ONT for optical network terminal (for GPON). Regardless of nomenclature, the important difference between OLT and ONT devices is their purpose. OLT devices support management functions and manage maximum up to 128 downstream links. In practice, it is common for only 8 to 32 ports to be linked to a single OLT in the central office. On the other hand the ONT (or ONU) devices in the CPE support only their own link to the central office. Consequently, the ONT/ONU devices are much less expensive while the OLTs tend to be more capable and therefore more expensive.
1. OLT: The OLT resides in the Central Office (CO). The OLT system provides aggregation and switching functionality between the core network (various network interfaces) and PON
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interfaces. The network interface of the OLT is typically connected to the IP network and backbone of the network operator. Multiple services are provided to the access network through this interface,.
Fig. 6 PON Architecture
2. ONU/ONT: This provides access to the users i.e. an External Plant / Customer Premises equipment providing user interface for many/single customer. The access node installed within user premises for network termination is termed as ONT. Whereas access node installed at other locations i.e. curb/cabinet/building, are known as ONU. The ONU/ONT provide, user interfaces (UNI) towards the customers and uplink interfaces to uplink local traffic towards OLT.
3. PON: Distributed or single staged passive optical splitters/combiners provides connectivity between OLT & multiple ONU/ONTs through one or two optical fibers. Optical splitters are capable of providing up to 1:64 optical split, on end to end basis. These are available in various options like 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32 and 1:64.
4. NMS: Management of the complete PON system from OLT.
One OLT serves multiple ONU/ONTs through PON
TDM/TDMA protocol between OLT & ONT
Single Fiber/ Dual Fiber to be used for upstream & downstream
Provision to support protection for taking care of fiber cuts, card failure etc.
Maximum Split Ratio of 1:64
Typical distance between OLT & ONT can be greater than 15Km (with unequal splitting - up-to 35Km)
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Downstream transmission I.e. from OLT to ONU/ONT is usually TDM
Upstream traffic I.e. from ONU/ONT to OLT is usually TDMA
PON system may be symmetrical or asymmetrical
PON and fiber infrastructure can also be used for supporting any one way distributive services e.g. video at a different wavelength
PON is configured in full duplex mode in a single fiber point to multipoint (P2MP) topology. Subscribers see traffic only from the head end, and not from each other. The OLT (head end) allows only one subscriber at a time to transmit using the Time Division Multiplex Access (TDMA) protocol. PON systems use optical splitter architecture, multiplexing signals with different wavelengths for downstream and upstream.
There are two common splitter configurations are being used for PON architecture i.e. centralized and the cascaded approaches.
A. Centralized Splitter Approach
In Centralized Splitter Approach typically uses a 1x32 splitter in an outside plant enclosure, such as a fiber distribution terminal. In the case of a 1x32 splitter, each device is connected to an OLT in the central office. In this approach, optical splitters are concentrated in a single location from which all customer’s optical network terminals (ONTs) at 32 homes are connected as shown in fig. 7.
Fig. 7 Centralized Splitter Approach
B. Cascaded Splitter Approach
A cascaded split configuration results in pushing splitters deeper into the network as shown in fig.8. Passive Optical Networks (PONs) utilize splitter assemblies to increase the number of homes fed from a single fibre. In a Cascaded PON, there will be more than one splitter location in the pathway from central office to customer. Currently, standard splitter formats range from 1 x 2, 1 x 4, 1 x 8, 1 x 16 and 1 x 32 so a network might use a 1 x 4 splitter leading to a 1 x 8 splitter further downstream in four separate locations. Optimally, there would eventually be 32 fibers reaching the ONTs of 32 homes.
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Fig.8 Cascaded Splitter Approach
There are several “flavors” of PON technology, i.e. new access technology named APON (ATM Passive Optical Network), BPON (Broadband Passive Optical Networking), EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Networking) and GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Networking) which delivers gigabit-per-second bandwidths while offering the low cost and reliability.
4.2.1 APON
ATM PON (APON) was standardized by the ITU in 1998 and was the first PON standard developed. It uses ATM principles as the transport method and supports 622 Mbps downstream services and 155 Mbps upstream service shared between 32-64 splits over a maximum distance of 20 km.
4.2.2 BPON
Shortly after APON, Broadband PON (BPON) followed and is very similar to APON. BPON also uses ATM, but it also boasts superior features for enhanced broadband services like video. BPON has the higher performance numbers then APON pre-splitting maximum of 1.2 Gbps downstream and 622 Mbps upstream.
4.2.3 EPON
The IEEE standardized Ethernet PON (EPON) in the middle of 2004. It uses Ethernet encapsulation to transport data over the network. EPON operates at rates of 1.25Gbps both downstream and upstream (symmetrical), using 8B/10B encoding over a maximum reach of 20. EPON is also called now as Gigabit Ethernet PON (GE-PON). It is defined as a single fiber network using Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) operating at a wavelength of 1490 nm downstream and 1310 nm upstream. This leaves the 1550 nm window open for other services, such as analog video or private WDM circuits.
4.2.4 GPON
Gigabit PON (GPON) is the next generation of PON’s from the line of APON and BPON. The ITU has approved standard G.984x for it. GPON will support both ATM and Ethernet for Layer 2 data encapsulation so is clearly an attractive proposition. GPON supports two methods of encapsulation: the ATM and GPON encapsulation method (GEM). GEM supports a native transport of voice, video, and data without an added ATM or IP encapsulation
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layer. GPONs support downstream rates as high as 2.5 Gbits/sec and an upstream rate from 155 Mbits/sec to 2.5 Gbits/sec. BSNL is procuring the GPON that will support downstream rate 2.5Gbps and upstream 1.25 Gbps.
5.0 The features of different PON standard
Features BPON GPON EPON
Responsible Standard body
FSAN & ITU-T SG15
(G-983 Series)
FSAN & ITU-T SG15
(G-984 Series)
IEEE 802.3ah
Bandwidth Down Stream up to 622 Mbps
Up Stream up to 155.52 Mbps
Down Stream up to 2.5 Gbps
Up Stream up to 2.5 Gbps
Down Stream up to 1.25 Gbps
Up Stream up to 1.25 Gbps
Downstream ג 1490 nm & 1550 nm 1490 nm & 1550 nm 1490 nm
Upstream ג 1310 nm 1310 nm 1310 nm
Layer-2 Protocols
ATM ATM, Ethernet, TDM over GEM
Ethernet
Frame ATM GPON Encapsulation Method
Ethernet Frame
Max. Distance (OLT to ONU )
20 km 20 Km(supports logical reach up to 60 Km)
10 and 20 Km.
Split Ratio 1:16, 1:32 and 1:64 1:16, 1:32 and 1:64 1:16 and 1:32
Line Codes NRZ ( Scrambled ) NRZ ( Scrambled ) 8B/10B
Downstream Security
AES: Advanced Encryption Standard -128 bit key
AES: Advanced Encryption Standard ( Counter mode)
Not Defined
FEC None Yes Yes
No. of fibers 1 or 2 1 or 2 1
Protection Switching
Support multiple protection configuration
Support multiple protection configuration
None
6.0 FTTH plan of BSNL:
BSNL has planned 2 million FTTH network based on Gigabit Optical Passive Network (GPON) and Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network (GEPON) up to 2010-11. The broadband, voice, data & video etc services will run on this network. All these services clubbed
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into a brand name “Next Generation Play Network (NGPN)”. These services will be rolled out in phase manner in three phases.
In its first phase (2008-09) the projection is for 7.0 Lakhs customers out of which 5.5 Lakhs customers are proposed in A-Grade nearly 28 cities with GPON and 1.5 Lakhs customers are planned in B- Grade nearly 77 cities based on GEPON.
The second phase (2009-10) of G-PON/GE-PON deployment can be extended to other cities also having OAN cable already laid as per the OAN target. Phase-II FTTH plan shall target 7,00,000 customers to be extended with fast Ethernet/ Gigabit Ethernet service to their buildings on Fibre.
In the third phase (2010-11) Ethernet to the Home (ETTH) can be taken up in 198 cities and the total target of the FTTH deployment in 2010-11 shall be approximately 7, 50,000 customers.
The FTTH plan proposal is made for commercial and technical aspects of the Fibre To The Home project. The total customer base on FTTH by March 2011 shall be 2 Millions.
7.0 Proposed Services on FTTH network of BSNL
The first and foremost service proposed in the deployment of these PON technologies is to roll out the Next Generation Play Network (NGPN). The following services are proposed on the FTTH network:
• Basic internet Access Service controlled and uncontrolled from 256Kbps to 1000Mbps.
• TV over IP Service (MPEG2).
• Video on Demand (VoD)(MPEG4) play like VCR.
• Audio on Demand Service
• Bandwidth on Demand (User and or service configurable)
• Remote Education
• Point to Point and Point to Multi Point Video Conferencing, virtual classroom.
• Voice and Video Telephony over IP: Connection under control of centrally located soft switches.
• Interactive Gaming.
• Layer 3 VPN
• VPN on broadband
• Dial up VPN Service
• Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS)
From the BSNL network point of view GPON, being the TDM based technology, shall integrate into the existing switching network. While the VOIP feature in the GE-PON provides easy migration path to the Next Generation Network (NGN) of the BSNL. Since TDM switches and the NGN are to coexist for up to 2015 as per the NGN vision plan both GPON and GE-PON are the most suitable PON technologies for BSNL.
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