kyno - logicalkyno - logical - or as humans probably came on the dog? in recent time the science...

Kyno - logical

- or as humans probably came on the dog?

In recent time the science moves much: the DNA of humans should be decoded, the sheep Dolly is cloned and " a naked fold mouse " was genetically developed. There is it only being obvious that humans concern themselves with the new technology again with the old question, as and when humans came to the dog.

So far at the old dogma, the house dog would have been made before approx. 14000 years by humans the domestic animal few shaken. The thesis humans would have carried a throw of wolves forward and kept themselves these drawn up then during a long period. Over the point in time one was united, everything followed here in the statements of Professor Herre in the institute for domestic animal research, Kiel.

Only the pioneer Eberhard Trumler thought in its "book humans and dog” quite freely about other conceptions of the course of events. How was it now? How did humans come on the dog?

common funeral, humans with approx. 5 months old dog in a Mallaha, the Near East, Israel approx. 12,000 years the dog as grave with gift, as mystic companion

Source of picture: " The dog " Kynos publishing house

United the cynology were also in the conception the fact that the women among early humans were probably, who the domestication - released by the childish schema forced. With nature peoples one can observe also today still the special linkage of the dogs to women and children. New research results of the University of California, Los Angeles 1997 let doubts about these theories arise.Perhaps the conceptions of Eberhard Trumler will actually find in the near future support from further results of new research methods.The publication of the researcher team under Charles Vila` and Robert Wayne, both professors for evolutionary biology over the results of their molecular-biological investigations at DNS paragraph from wolves, coyotes, common jackal and house dogs, initiated a process of rethinking. The present genetic acknowledgement of the descent of the dog of the wolf was assumed immediately in the world of the cynology.The result however that wolf and dog must have already apart-developed contradiction before approx. 135,000 years genetically released themselves. On the other hand one began to think about it. An acknowledgement of the results from California are the only recently discovered footprints of a dog in the Chauvet cave in France, this are approx. 25,000 years old. This is again a new "visible " proof. Already before 25,000 years the footprint of the dog differed clearly from that of the wolf. To such a modification of the foot bundles in the course of the domestic animal becoming it requires reliably some time.

The test results from Los Angeles are however likewise for the Hominid investigation interesting, did not occur nevertheless the early domestication of a trunk of the Canis lupus at one point in time as humans as earliest Homo sapiens still at all in the position were directed a domestic animal to be domesticated. In this time the Neandertaler hominid was far common and only by today's humans was many later displaced.Before approx. 90,000 years the early people moved from Africa to Asia. Perhaps already did Canis familaris participate also on the migration at this time?This became the temporal appearance of the Dingoon the Australian continent to explain help.This would then be over a fixed land bridgewith humans on the continent come.

Source of picture: " The mirror ", output No. 13 of 27.3.2000

The wolf (Canis lupus) would have domesticated itself, so the newest theories in the proximity of early humans. Why however? -neither with the early Homo sapiens nor the hominid Neandertaler could he booty wastes of his food competitor access. Certainly the wolf was the better hunter. A handicraft witness of the early human being from this time are not well-known. All founds about show that humans used their food complete. Thus many questions arise to the professional world, with which is however always assumed humans actually bound the wolf.Perhaps had it turned around? Early humans followed his wolves around their food remainder to use. At the end humans are the domestic animal of its dog?As type the dog (Canis familaris) on earth is rather successful by this symbiosis, like humans.

Surely already many dog owners have themselves in demand who in their relationship with the dog the domestic animal probably actually are. We go nourishing to the work around also the dog and receive. While we leave thus the house, our dog turns still times over in its " cushions ". We provide for play and movement. Maintenances and cherish him, to the misery we help him still like as nurse with the raising of puppy.

Actually quite clearly who whose domestic animal is! OR?

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Copyright © by Ruth Reheuser Alle Rechte vorbehalten

Stand: Mittwoch, 15. August 2001 Kontakt

Sang Khyi or Do Khyi ?

Which exactly a Do Khyi (Tibetan tying up dog) is, over it there are many written and also verbal excessive quantities, just as also pictures and early photography. Now and then one can in addition, to hear of the ideal picture in the breed Sang Khyi.

If one believed the descriptions first, antique and to medieval travellers so the dog would have to be nevertheless many more imposing and more powerful than it is today before us. The first European viewers were almost disappointed of the small body height, one had thought of these dogs much more largely and more like a mastiff.

From Tibet does not give it only to narrations, photo documents over Sang Khyi (Tibetan good dog). It is quite conceivable that there were copies in purebred, which the step to the mastiff-like size stature indicated. Perhaps these copies were also more directly, purely bred as others, than reputation object of the aristocracy, to the protection alone these property. So far still no interesting a correct Sang Khyi has seen anyhow, therefore it is with difficulty to be wanted to reconstruct these.

Thus further the question remains inexplicably which exact the Sang Khyi after Tibetan conceptions is. Perhaps does succeed carrying out a daily alone from that available potential of the breed the legendary descriptions from passed times, should not are lost however as at so many “large breeds” the health and vitality of the Do Khyi.

Source of picture: " Champion " Pedigree Pal

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Maxe`s picture loading Page 1

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Finally tiredly, relaxation always largely written

Maxe, 9 weeks

Unnoticed me none comesto the cup!

here I am 4 months

with 6 months on that Dog play meadow Search for Action!!

7 months - cherry time, dog steam turbine and gas turbine systemsun term are appropriate for tree all day long...completely my taste

My friend tiger and I

Sea, wind and aliveWater! who is to come?I???

Maxe 9 months

Babysitter Alice 10 years and I with 8 weeks always she watched out well for me Eight given that me of none only one hair is curved. only her Workstation on the couch was TABOO!!!

Portrait Maxe, here I am 7 monthsand daily to grow

that is " my Life" Siesta with 12 monthsthat

Stretching nozzles belongs toFitness programMax one with 13 months

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Stand: Montag, 13. August 2001 Kontakt

Maxe`s picture loading

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Here am I already 15 months and become still larger or only stronger?

meanwhile I become gradualDO Khyi - or??

Maxe here 17 months

All green, and in a few days!!Snow rather was me.

It is to trees rises, sometimes howeverI would peel also gladly trees off! - always when raving with my friends.

A view says more than words!- in addition, I can look boredand still better - bored run, always then if mustgo home !!

Zero Problemo! My friend Dandy - a Hovi 5 years old. Almost my back-up dad.I was not ever in Tibet - its Alphaalready whether my also creates???

Hey, there looks its which I for a mad white

Chest mark has!! In Tibet one says that these DO Khyiparticularly courageous and fearless are!Main thing white tail point otherwise I did not becomeas " hare foot " are considered!

May!!! And 30 degrees!!There I am only one shadow of mine in addition,so which bears right DO a Khyi

.. ... leaves itself simple with Julie in the shadow,everything bear!!

Huch....there have I nevertheless smoothly those " white woman"met and then those wants to probably give me their stick??

Maxe 18 Mon. with white " Golden Retriever"

It plays with me!! the spirit of my dreams!!

At the summit - " the holy mountain " that Frankish people, there I would know my home myself!From above, all small one observe for hours!!

Created, of the ascent... my Life! My castle!

who that only monks one saysa Tibbie as hot-water bottle have?

Maxe 19 Mon, Siesta with Beauty

Che po - guards of the Tibetan temple,Maxe in Huettenberg/Kaernten for the celebration of the peoples 2000

Homeland - you have me again!in Kaernten was the hills however more highlyand the houses lonelier, a dream thus for Maxe

Maxe, 20 Mon.

What already again?... step out in this August heat!

Photo session in the palace garden!!..... Uff, quiet seats - there has me smoothly to the lease put...

Siesta at my birth place!!everyone of us comes some times here back.to Mum Queeny (over the heading grew it already correctly!!) and the Tibet Spaniel aunts.

There are you astonished - which?Who has the 1 1/2 hours with the photographer behind itself, creates each nature test

Now I am 20 months old and then so which!! - for those I however not easy made. Only cats photograph are just as heavy, have them said.....The aunt with the photo!!

Hey – that´s my Life! already again times at the sea!Vacation hoar frost of photographing

Nix such as wind, water and times sun,

no buddy there to play -

Time for thinking.....

... and for views of nature!!Fun it is nevertheless.

I find new friends everywhere!!

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Maxe`s picture loading

Page 3

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if is not My " Family"

....I watch out, of my small friend,

may steal always its gloves !!!

Maxe exactly 2 years

Photo-sessions outside are many more beautiful !!!there I can always observe and watch ALL.....who is satisfies to be ? I AM ??

my second birthday

a little dirt at the antinode bulge ?....harmed still no correct Do Khyi had !

Ugh - wich Santa Claus of everything brings in such a way !...a new toy, a girl !!

Maxe & Nala, Chrismas 2000

Correctly frustration the aunt, - ignores me so simply!!

Maxes correct aunt, Nala 5 years

Everything lost?....more or a new family won ?

Maxes aunt Nala also Bayantira Bhadracalled

Whether one still detects me ?.... am I Maxe, only a little grown Clearly my thick head must have to be seen!!

Maxe 01/2001 arise??

No, the aunt - not times for snuggling allowed with her. - correct affected the small one !

a nice girl - or ?everything only camouflage - she had protects teeth!!!

Maxe 26 month & aunt Nala

My nerves how long should we still keep here quiet - only because my boss with the technique is on war ??

to read the newspaper??Nö ! - times to look whether the sheeps wich remaining left.

Maxe & Beauty 01/2001

Unusually - liberty ! Nala with" the free course practise"

Are arisen ?? - Not at else, as Do Khyi I remain more forever young !!

Hey helps you nothing - Nala come play !!!

Later you find more....... ....if I was a little bit stronger !

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Maxe`s Bilderladen

A Lovestory

Click to us with the mouse, and we become larger!!

My father ! - quite beautifully watchful - or ?Lhotse von Tanggula Shan a genuine Swizermanactually with German fell in love !!!

Lhotse 7 years September 98

A international dear relationship - Queeny my nut was once in Swizerland, already it transmitted between the two !!Alimony had to be paid however none :-))

Bayantira Along (Queeny) 2 years

and I am - Maxe is the result of this dear history !

the two had fallen in love immediately !!

Tendrel Sangpo Che po "Maxe" 8 weeks

a headshot of me .......... ( 2 years) ....a headshot of my father Lhotse (7 years) - he cannot deny me - or ???

There I nevertheless actually a quite hot bride met, on 6. november 2000

wich is called met - it visited me and which leaked out for class a smell it, immediately I liked her .....and she liked me !!

Luan He Du Domaines des Alizes (5 years)

So correctly dear I had the girl - genuinly !! Afterwards I did not yield no more of her side and she helped me simply again off with my work and.... then it strikes simply so off on the next morning !!! Even my hidden Schmackofatzis was allowed it to eat.

HUCH, which it is - whether I must pay alimony now ?....my and Luans children in the age of 4 weeks, a gang of temper !

My temper, how one hears - the poor Luan !

G-litter BUCNOVASKA

Ugh - is who - Gawa Miu?those see all so directly in type,there I nevertheless smoothly the name forgot !

G-litter, 4 weeks

Hey - lots of small Maxes and Luans - in front left is Gup and like always in the sleep is Ge sar quite in front !

G-litter, 4 weeks

Look that´s Ga sha the girl when learn walking- Tssss I also times in such a way be !!

Ga sha, 4 weeks

....and that is Ge sar, Ha - he has nevertheless smoothly from me...... to read the newspaper !!

Ge sar 6 weeks

Good education - or ? first " photo session " for a bag of fleas !

Gup /Ganden Tipa /Ga sha /Gar po /Gawa Miu Ge sar

4 weeks

Ha - Gup " practices " already times a fixing,......whether the Gawa Miu means ?exactly show it the dominant factor aunt !!

Gup, 4 weeks

Gar po a powerful " grey one " is to become that times !!!

Gar po, 6 weeks

Ga sha, the small one.....if those probably times get the critical view of my aunt Nala ???

Ga sha, 4 weeks

Is which ? - O ever - a genuine daugther of Maxe!

Gawa Miu, 6 weeks

There it must only times thinking about !!!......typically Tibetan nature

Ge sar, 6 weeks

mad neck - back - line ? Ganden Tipa in typicalDo Khyi - position

Ganden Tipa, 6 weeks

A " Wuschelbärli " - Ce sar, 6 weeks

Dreaming ? - everything on camouflage !!!!

Gup - the second Maxe ?, 6 weeks

Ga sha, a correct Luan daugther ?just as I like those, the girls..... not so impudently how Gawa Miu !

Ga Sha, 6 weeks

Which right Do Khyi is it........stand by and does look, is whether one already suspects that a donkey puts with in it there ???

Ge sar, 6 weeks

Look times, which there is - watchfully is situated in the blood !!Curiosity to the end of life !

Ganden Tipa, 6 weeks

Later you find more....... ....if we grew again !

Why a DO Khyi?

- this question was asked to me again and again by many.A dog that surely no Dummy from the water to retrieve, balls afterwards hunt and for it a leg peels itself off!

Why should it be absolutely a Do Khyi?

Began all 1973 with Bella, our half-breed dog, which did not educate in the age of four years transferred, not yet room clean and our whole abilities required:

.

We were to be delivered so far this dog again!

1974 fell me a book by Eberhard Trumler into the hands and I learned with the needs of a dog type-fairly to deal. From now on nature research became my hobby and an author is also today still one of my large models.Bella lived together still 12 lucky years with us.

The trip for the desire for a Do Khyi was Dux

an extra large German shepherd dog perfectly no characteristic of the breed in the behavior. For each race connoisseur " a sleeping pill "without over-powerful hive-rubbed however with innate not learned protection impulse, with high threshold of sensation, with serve-finished " submission " and nevertheless well to never steer with patience and consequence.Its type, its relation to us, in particular its bond of trust to me and its nature were the reason that I had trained myself into the cynology from the starts to today, (its type had a setback on passed land impacts to be) always with the target this dog, for me is appropriate to find.

A dog with calm, certain open and safe nature with appropriate courage and natural protection impulse should be it. The race should a reasonable size (around 70 cm.) have with simultaneous, absolute mobility. Nowhere covers or exaggerated and strong, evenly healthy in the construction.

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In the meantime lived with us in the family temporary Assi,12 puppies and from this Alf and Alice. All together shepherd dogs which we ourselves after behavior-fair yardsticks coined/shaped, socialized and for the performance sport with the dog trained.

A-throw from the fishery, on the left of above Alice, grey.6males 6 bitches 10 black & tan 2 grey

- finally I wanted nevertheless to know whether the realizations of the Ethologysts also in practice to be transferred am - they are it and above all such freely performances of our dogs always and at any time without forceful training to be transferred had.

Now I believed to be so far around it dare, living together with a Do Khyi

an original dog nature with a Tibetan character.

Che po Tendrel Sangpo, 8 weeks

.... Che po alias Maxe came in such a way 1999 thus, it can begin my adventure dog!

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The mysterious Do Khyi

The seclusion and also unanimity of Tibet are reliably one of the principal reasons for all - the partial fabulous descriptions of a large Tibetan dog.

After the historical silk road also Tibet is touched it probably correctly that also already in the antiquity on these dogs also in the European hemisphere one reports again and again. The narrations from this time in addition, later the descriptions by Marco Polo over these dogs prove that the travellers nevertheless acquired a certain reverence before them. Already from such reports it is evident that the targeted application of the dogs, i.e. for the protection of the herd, must have not substantially changed the domestic territory and property during this long period.

Much however is safe to represent above all in order the own performance in the dangers of such a long journey correctly also painted and exaggerated passed on.

Tibet Mastiff " Siring " after Dalziel, London1881 from Strebel " the German dogs " Kynos publishing house

The written excessive quantity of a gift to the Chinese emperor around 1121 v. Chr. describes a dog, which in this type surely today no more is not to be found in Tibet. Applies also here: the dog becomes which one from him makes. In these seclusion of Tibet under partial life-hostile conditions of nature the farmers, in addition, the pastoral tribe were threats by robbery and theft suspended and like that were desired probably always it the fact that the dogs a safe protection of have and property as well as the life ensured.Whether the DO Khyi was actually the ancestor of the just as legendary Molosser, in addition there are many theses. In addition, the possibility existed it by the trade of the antiquity, is possible that resembled human needs and ways of life the independent emergence of similar dog types promoted. Surely however the homogeneity of the behavior is to be still determined particularly with the Eurasian herd protection dogs also today. The seclusion of the Tibetan high country has us the Tibet Mastiff keeps a participation in the emergence almost unchanged or other flock-guard breeds can be quite possible.

Tibethunde - owner count Szecheni aus:...Beckmann " races of the dog " Kynos publishing house

In addition, these theories are to be proven today over 100years after "discovered” the Do Khyi by western cynologists not unique. The more importantly it might be the Tibet Mastiff than original race in the physique such as natures to keep as uninfluenced as possible.

Only over the turn of the century, in the course of the colonize Tibet was travelled, partly under adventurous conditions, often also secretly by Europeans and by the descriptions, as well as by first imported goods of such dogs to Europe large interest in these impressive Do Khyi was aroused. The first representatives of the race were presented under European names in Europe, from this time do result also at all the not correctly introduced names for all Tibetan dog races like the Tibet Terrier, which does not guarantee Terrier is, to the Tibet Spaniel, which does not for the hunt reliably to use , and the Tibet Mastiff or in German the Tibet Dogge which never had this function as the European Mastiffs.

Tibetdogge Richard Strebel 1905 (Heliogravure) fromStrebel " the German dogs"

The in such a way defined Do Khyi is safe also around the turn of the century a imposing, strong dog with stately heading and mastiff-like lips, regarding the legendary size is the disappointment however with the first expert ones largely and already with the cynologists of this time was disputed the made allocation to the Mastiffs and Molosser. Already also an allocation of the Do Khyi to likewise at that time also still the flock guard dogs wide-spread in Europe quite took place around the turn of the century 1900.

The nature of these early imported goods was often not in the focal point of the interest,above after all many of these imported dogs survived a spending into our low altitudes not for a long time. Often this imported Do Khyi was - at short notice in a the position independently to those quite different conditions of the western civilization not to adapt and came oneself in such a way it that these were delivered into the zoos, in order to live there beside the beasts.

The relation of the Europeans to the dog in this time was to be supported reliably not favourably around these animals during the integration into the human household.

And nevertheless some Europeans quite detected the peculiar attraction by an intensive linkage and confidence to the family and thus to this breed the chute in Europe enabled.

oF Tibet after steward from Lizars Animated Nature,London 1832

By confusions of the First and Second World War unfortunately the tracks of these first European breed dogs lost, probably also today still another again well making loss for the genetics of this race do not have themselves.

Tibetdogge, accommodation Sven Hedin from "Transhimalaya " 1907

Only end of the seventies, for a long time after the beginning of the Holocaust at the Tibetan people, the culture and nature in Tibet by the Chinese Annexation in the year 1950 came the first Do Khyi again by imported goods this time from stocks of the immigrants from Nepal, Bhutan and India to Europe.

Many valuable blood lines of the race became extinct by the pursuit of these dogs by the Chinese in Tibet and irreparably lost. After the Do Khyi represents a basis of the rural, nomadic way of life of the Tibetan people is particularly these dogs pursued and killed around to prepare the soil for a new for the Chinese conceptions adapted way of life.

Nomads, Nepal with Do KhyiSource of picture: Adventure dog VGS publishing house

Descriptions from my surrounding field according to, could be seen on journeys in Tibet, in the exchange of the University of only recently still many to the Do Khyi similar dogs, which were very badly treated however, usually in the villages, a majority of these dogs might be no longer clear in breed. Only one Do Khyi at a herd of Yaks, which was apparently a splendid specimen. Photographing the same, likewise all other dogs was forbidden by the Chinese travel company.

In addition, still goes today from the representatives of this breed, who realize world-wide a quite peculiar attraction on humans, whom the owners of these representatives can acknowledge again and again.

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DO Khyi`s todayAfter now almost twenty years, guided breed and attitude of manyDo Khyi in Europe are present secured realizations over this wonderful breed. But some remains also today still hidden secretly...

The nature, abilities, characteristicsNow the experience over the abilities and characteristics of the Do Khyi, all knowledge of the nature and of the requirements is secured with the attitude conditions results from this knowledge.

Under no circumstances the Do Khyi is a dog for “first dog owner” is suitable, it see straight as a puppy upsetting to snuggle up however reliably it is suitable not as a dog only for snuggling and stroking. Its character is proverbial, it is independent in all its decisions and would like to be integrated as a complete family member into the hierarchy of its group of families. The target must be it that its decisions are also my decisions. Only with prudent consequence and without hardness he is educated to a wonderful dog nature, which automatically fulfilled its function in the family.

A Do Khyi is in its nature a herd protection dog, these dogs likewise in the herd protection dog project of Professor Ray Coppinger and worked completely. Likewise in accordance with and in accordance with its over centuries of lasting application in Tibet he is a yard guard and these functions he also assessment in accordance with will assume. These instincts will to light step in each case also today still in the course of its ripening.

apparently left - and nevertheless everything sees!

The Do Khyi is a calm, more left almost majestically seeming dog in all to its movements, which is gladly left and slowly-acting because of a strategically favourable workstation. In its environment so easily nothing escapes it nevertheless. An excellent vision apparently to the end of the horizon, an extremely good aural acuteness, as well as the best capability of its nose performance offers all sense performances to it around normal of not normal to differentiate. In case of emergency it is to be announced very fast from the quiescent position on the legs around not normal, for some is this speed above all because these comes obviously unexpectedly very much impressing.

Likewise surprisingly the ability of this nevertheless so large dog is to be moved perfectly noiseless. Sudden emerging, apparently from that anything, likewise unnoticed disappearing can impress again and again.

The Do Khyi needs the close linkage to its family, even if he seems to prefer frequently independently the stay in the free one e.g. in the garden quite independently of the group. Under any circumstances this imposing, weather-insensitive dog for a kennel attitude is not suitable. The even close confidence, its nature would break under it. The possibility of a constant access to garden and in the house would be ideal.

Substantial constituent of its attitude is early and patient socialization beginning and a prudent. This dog must outside into the city, to other carefully selected dogs, to the trim you path in the forest, into the elevator, the course of evenly always “to people"

Not " moving " is with such walks the foreign exchange, but sees, understands, to know to learn. Important always it is that one is determined this with its Do Khyi in the future to do and in addition also bring along the necessary imperturbable peace, patience and time.

Socialization makes fun - and needs time

Play with old and young dogs Handling utilizable cattleThe puppies- and young dog phase with the Do Khyi is generally different compared with other dog races and lasts rather for a long time, up to four years must the owner take into account around its dog introduce and train. Peculiar however for herd protection dogs usually: the Tibet Mastiff learns this by watching and copying, requires an exactly considered “associate contact" also with other dogs.

On the other hand its own attraction, this results meanwhile imposing in such a way large dog has long time a young-dog mind and seems in puberty being to remain from this long ripe phase. How often even many dog owners have themselves your dog may in this delightful phase remain exact in such a way as it are required.

Almost phenomenal its memory and persons are which it meets forget it never. But likewise it will remember humans, which it has in bad mind. Contradictory behavior opposite a Do Khyi remembers lastingly and it this long to it to enter afterwards, inappropriate hardness however acknowledges it with inaccessibility and stubbornness. It is independently in the nature and as dog for everyone will never offer themselves.

The Do Khyi is not suitable for a career in the dog sport, under no circumstances should it in the protection service be trained, it has a naturally minted protection impulse of which must not be learned. On the other hand he has to quite learn joy in it something, he learns fast with rapid apprehension, if he does however something, then only for sake his reference person.

He speaks on positive reinforcement by praise is enough strongly on and often a bad tone in the voice as punishment. An unconditional obedience one will never obtain, dog owner which such will always require with a Do Khyi to become never correctly glad. To it somewhat once learned reliably executes requires it many consequence and reliably three to four months. The type of the execution must be entitled to it patiently. One will be able to never expect a typically German, jagged execution of instruction.

Nevertheless the Do Khyi for the interests in our surrounding field can be trained well and inserts themselves with circumspection and constant

consequence its owner well into its family.

Everywhere with it! Meeting on the way - no problem!Large joy prepares Mobility (a type of obstacle run for it, similarly as Agility, but not on measured time). A training for its mobility and its self-confident its is it naturally given defeating of obstacles of all kinds, as a mountain dog always concerns it such functions with circumspection and consideration.

The largest joy however I believe, can one to the Do Khyi prepare by “ travel tours like the nomads " with tent and gas cooker, this would be probably exactly the life for which he is made. Evenly this preference differentiates it from the other flock guard dog breeds. Its territory is always, where its reference person establishes itself.

Exactly this characteristic however explains the large responsibility that some future Do Khyi - Owner must to be ready take over:

The linkage this dog to be received is ready will be always intensively related to these few persons and should thoughtlessly never be resolved by humans!

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The Do Khyi or Tibet Mastiff

Appearance and physique "The type of status"

The appearance of the Do Khyi is also today still coined/shaped by different types, probably developed by the breed with isolates occurring blood lines in remote, inaccessible regions of Tibet. In addition, it is conceivable that after the needs of the herdsman, after targeted application and also after the requirements by the quite very different area, this in its extents enormous country, in the construction lighter and heavier types were bred.

This breed was called already around 1900 of the cynologists a land impact, land impacts is characterised world-wide by a large variability in the appearance, shows however large agreement in the appearance and nature as also in the use within the respective race.Surely the breeding was certain also in Tibet by the usefulness of the dogs. Everything, not survivable, was selected by the inexorable forces of nature. A selection took place nevertheless by humans regarding size and strength of the breed.

Certain colours due to the faith, in addition, but faith there by preference was surely given to the Tibetan population. Likewise the condition of the hair dress might have quite be independent on the respective, different climatic conditions.The DO Khyi is thus also today still no uniform race through-bred perfectly after European yardsticks. Occasionally, in order to prevent a genetic depletion of the breed, imported and here used DO Khyi from Nepal, India or meanwhile again Tibet in the breeding. To avoid here exactly paid attention to an excellent nature around setbacks.Thus it comes that one can see quite also today the different types.

Cigarette Collecting card Viginia - London with description of race

Collecting card " Bhotean " painted ofGustav must Arnolt, reproduces from Dwight`s soda society

In all colours of black with white chest asterisk over black and tan with white asterisk, tan can be rather dark to sand colours, the badges differ here clearly in the propagation. Likewise one sees grey, grey and tan, also brown and sable as well as gold to red-coloured Do Khyi can occur. Regarding the colours there are low restrictions to receive around the race health. The occurrence of the white badges is only controlled, also here in accordance with the former conceptions of the people of Tibet.

One can determine the same variability in the hair dress; from quite short over normal stick hair up to the long stick hair almost all versions occur. Is likewise possible “Apso ", this means long hair.

This type of hair is however also today still another considerable rare piece.

November 99 - Winterfur

Apso?Except for this exception the hair is always short in the face and on the front of the runs. At the rear side of the runs flags form, to which thighs so-called “trousers". The tail is bushy and in the motion and with attention rolled over the back after a page down-hanging is carried with exception of the summer dress always long. The hair structure in the cover hair is fixed, not silky, the pile closely and fine. In the winter the pile become very close, the dog is in the best way for all inclemency of the weather equipped in each case. At neck and shoulders particularly a close shawl forms with the males, which mediate to the dog a imposing appearance. On the heading the hair forms a crown. The ears disappear optically particularly in the winter almost in the thick hair.

The skin is relatively insensitive and wash and wear, it trains water and dirt-deflecting protective layer. The Do Khyi should not be bathed for this reason actually. Favourable it is also that the dog does not train a typical dog smell. It goes thus the occasional brushing of the hair dress thoroughly. Only in the time of the hair change, which takes place only once in the spring must the dog is daily brushed around the old to remove dead pile.

The skin of the Do Khyi is loosely however nevertheless fixed, forms at the neck no pronounced dewlap.

The paws are largely, compactly, closed and approximately “Cat-paws”. Was noticeable to me above all the fixed connection of the middle bundles, not by skin as at most dog races usually separates by means of a fixed chord. This promotes the firmness of the paws and increases the slip resistance. Likewise a sixth bundle at the fifth regressed claw of the front run - a correct mountain dog thus.

The size of the Do Khyi is likewise not uniform, but varied substantial. In type of status is fixed a minimum size, for the bitch 61 cm and the male 66 cm. Deviations are permitted upward, whereby more clearly, like a mastiff giant stature is to be registered nevertheless not.

Compared with many other races is noticeable in the construction of the building that the Do Khyi seems to be almost square, yet is somewhat longer it than high. This construction increases the mobility of the dog. The back is straight and the croup only one idea dropping. The tail set rather highly.

Source of picture: H.Raeber " of the wolf to the dog"The front legs are straight, only the front pastern something diagonal. The lay of shoulder are reset well and lying close, likewise are the elbows lying close and fixed the hindquarters being also even and parallel, whereby the branch joint is rather deep. The DO Khyi is well bent, whereby however no overemphasis of the bending is to be determined.

The building of the Do Khyi is also today still likewise muscled strong and fixed. This dog seems to be made almost for the application in the difficult area, the branch strength is enormous also in practice.

In the motion this very strong, bone-strong dog shows a springy, effortless course. With faster pace it is inclined or to ties. Is called that he anticipates with the rear spar and far and sets the paw exactly into the footprint of the first option. From the front we saw an almost cat-like course. As with a cat its spinal column is just as mobile to be able itself to move this avowedly perhaps its characteristic almost noiseless.

The thorax reaches up to the elbow joints and is rather deeply, hart-shaped. The sagging loins not strongly drawn up.

Maxe 13 Mon.

The heading is rather broadly, with difficulty and strong, the head section in approximately just as long as the lip section with pronounced stop and clear occipital protuberance. The foreface should be not pointedly but rather broadly, square and well up-padded. The heading should not work altogether however squarely. The ears are set not too low and form, if they are raised with the heading an approximately even line.

The bites are strongly scissor bite, level bite are permitted if necessary. The lips are strongly, easy down-hanging however thereby with good conclusion. The Do Khyi does not drool. In the general impression is the heading in good relation to the building.

The eyes are almond, low-lying, easily diagonally placed and are not too closely together Altogether a friendly, waked up impression results.

The Do Khyi is thus well more designed, muscular and healthy dog mobile despite the size a reasonably structured, that quite still is able that begin a way back after to Tibet and with all discussions over the easier or heavier type, should this efficiency not be lost.

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Tibet - Homeland of the lion dogs

After excessive quantities once the living Buddha was surrounded by many small miniature dogs, which lion saw similar and played around the Buddha. In the case of a danger it transformed these dogs into large, genuine predacious animals it with its whole power and strength assisted.

Tibet was an independent State of, the flag comes from the time of s. HL 13. Dalai Lama

Representative figures of these animals carry also today still the throne of s. HL Dalai Lama, as well as the three jewels in the Tibetan national flag, which Buddha, its teachings as well as the monk community represent. This over almost 1200 years lived Buddhism culture is again in all dog impacts of Tibet thus to the Lhasa Apso, Shi Tzu, the Tibet Terrier, the Tibet Spaniel in addition, the Do Khyi. Its own to all in ”more lion-similarly” heading with shawl, likewise watchfulness and in the case of a threat courage and intrepidity.

Tibet - today, source of picture: " Tibet" geo publishing house

Tibet, the homeland of these dogs was separated over centuries by the powerful mountain chains of the Himalaya, the Transhimalaya as well as by deserts and stone fields of the highland. Here the sources of the most important for Buddhism and Hinduism of often holy rivers, for example rise from the Huang He, the Jangtse kiang, the Mekong, Indus and Brahmaputra. All rivers of Eastern Asia have here their origin. Likewise however the lift of the East Asian continental disk develops underneath the high country.

Actually no miracle that also the homeland of many Daemons, spirit and Gods of the Boen religion still present in the people faith is here, likewise in addition, many myths evenly over this "legendary” Country also in our culture area.

Pú - Mo Tsò lake, TibetSource of picture: " Orbit " national Geographic Society

Already - also today this country still exercises a magic attraction on discoverers and adventurers, despite the often life-hostile, climatic conditions and abrupt weather reversals. Poor, icy hill-ranges dry and stony valleys as well as most extreme deserts change themselves off with mildly air-conditioned, fruitful valleys.

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Lake Yamdo Yutsho, Tibet source of picture: Dumontart travel guide, Tibet

Almost up to the Chinese annexation 1951 Tibet was the latest as antique advanced culture which can be defined, whose survive can be explained over more than 12 centuries only by the life of humans in conformity with nature.The theory of the Buddhism in addition, the Boen religion has surely the prerequisites production for such a long period of the life, merged into the attention for all organisms. It only that the nature take which it also can give again.

This time is with the Chinese rule past!

Also in Tibet today the effects of the civilization of China are to be seen on the environment in frightening extent. What ever subsequent effects this destruction on the ecological system of Asia will have can not at present yet scientifically be examined and occupied.

The largest problem for the country and the native population probably represents the direct settlement by Chinese immigrants, whose will not keep nutrition on the basis of an equilibrium upright can. Famine, with which predominantly the Tibetan population died, as well as erosion and barrenness of the soil were the result. Irrevocable damage in the ecological system to it send humans of Tibet leaves the exploitation of the plentifully available resources by China is.

Beginning around 1960 by the red guards of the Chinese “gang of four” almost all monasteries, regardless of the cultural inheritance to mankind, were destroyed even “useless” Organism such as birds, antelope, kiangs and wild yaks destroys. Subsequently, the pursuit of the lion dogs of Tibet everything the Do Khyi in front began. The target of China was it the culture of the population to destroy around their inside to break religious resistance.

Also today to a large extent regardless of all political organizations the destruction of the Tibetan people is still, continued using for example over obligation sterilizations, medical supply lacking and the withdrawal of the bases of life of the native population.

Proclaiming of the autonomous region Tibet is defining for it. The fruitful sections of Tibet the regions Amdo and Kham were assigned Chinese provinces.

The Holocaust at the population of Tibet as well as the continuing destruction of the culture places and bases of life found to today still no substantial, international objections!

Tsangpo river landscape formation of desert sand source of picture: Dumont art travel guide, Tibet

More about Tibet? - see under " links"

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The Tibetan nature

On the European conceptions about the behavior of a dog the typically “Tibetan nature” becomes based the Do Khyi in addition, all other Tibetan breeds as “difficult” defined. Primarily one understands by it a missing will for subordination or also easement, in addition, a special form about inaccessibility likewise for more “the Tibetans” frequently typical distrust all in relation to unknown quantities. Some of our fellow men interprets this behavior as uncertainty.

Tibetan Nomads with its Do Khyi, the apparently so calm dog becomes very fast active in the case of a threat

One must always be due oneself the perfectly different culture areas from which the conceptions over the nature of a dog in the memory to call.

Even one in Central Europe is noticeable that the subordination readiness is the most important demand in the use of the dog. The dog is “utility dog? for the hunt, the service, the agriculture. It was a constituent of the working life, never however was it in the passed centuries partner and friend of humans.Shifts one in the living environment of the Tibetan people, the landscapes and life-hostile forces of nature as well as the culture and to few decades ago existing community in addition, the religion in such a way arises for the viewer quite clear, quite different prerequisites to the behavior of a dog.

For humans in Tibet it would be to be punished inconceivable a dog physically to sell or to kill. For it the dog is an estimated partner with them

the work as well as the life divides. The request at the Do Khyi were clearly outlined in this thinly populated country. It had other to announce to prevent as well as the crossing of two and above all four-legged robbers into it the transferred areas. In the case of doubt on itself alone placed it was incumbent on to fall the dogs a decision like it them entrusted protects. Each native one knew around the functions of the dogs and this respected.Usually were sufficient one to three Do Khyi for these functions completely. Holding of large packs of dogs was just as not possible in this surrounding field not usually, and thus was also not exchangeable good dogs. A good dog was valuable and possessed high reputation, protected it with the cattle the base of life, as well as the possession of its owner nevertheless.

A Do Khyi, here Maxe of 8 Mon. is always a guard

Although the Tibetan people could be called a people of the commercial travellers, then dogs were merchandise also this are defining never for the adjustment to the dog - at no time one seized its.

This natural living together the mental independence of the Do Khyi, as well as its independence and he is nevertheless avowedly probably with " its " humans intimately connected, them affectionate opposite projecting spirit of them, gentle and loyal. Within its family it distinguishes by an imperturbable peace, never works themselves it hectically and remains playful in the high age: It is well into its group merged is noticeable that it told its opinions quite vocal and not only in the printout behavior. To refer to I experienced the ability by many most diverse tones on preferences, desires and displeasure so far with still none of my dogs

Explore all new one independently !

Other one, the family opposite outstanding persons it is reserved, weighing and observing. It rejects privacies of other persons and would like by these in its personality to be noted, has for it an extraordinary feeling.In addition, a pronounced curiosity behavior is the basis for it. All new impressions must be examined more near or taken at least in inspection. Pluck is appropriate for it far. All new one is from its interest, he does not ignore his physical soundness, its strength begins he economically - outstanding ones suspect hardly what a

escape artist he are. In almost all actions it is calmly however nevertheless strong-willed. It seems to near-happen always with consideration to all new one

Impressions collect at the frog pond - must be almost thought over each particular - need time!

Even this characteristic is laid out here to country often as distrust or as uncertainty, was however in the country of origin with fulfilling its functions survive necessary. What uses the best dog if it with the meeting with new one, unknown quantities equal comes around the life ?

Marine biology investigations, Maxe of 9 months

He opposes his stoical peace to hectic, contradictory behavior of its owner, often also as stubbornness defined. Exactly this however would be the chance to be learned from its Tibetan nature something for the own life-style.

The nature courses those the Do Khyi to that make which it are indispensably connected with its origin and exactly what distinguishes this breed. We should not succumb to the temptation it to Europeanise.

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Wolf page

- wolf protection by herd protection dog-programs

With the domestication of different types of game to domestic animals once the large clash of interest between humans and the predators, all began in front with the ancestor of our dogs? the wolf Canis lupus. In these long humans managed passed times, by representing its cattle of which the basis for surviving always in its sphere of influence held. Even over night with this together under a roof slept.

He found support thereby by a representative of the Canis familaris, the herd protection dog.

Hungarian Komodor as " a dog in the sheep fur " source of picture: " The dog " Kynos publishing house

These dogs show very much minted the “behavior of the territorial defence like the wolves with weakened hunt and rush-rubbed. In the entire behavior these herd protection dogs will call a quite special form of the house dog. Also in their appearance one can determine agreements. All are characterised by a large, massive body, as well as by broad, strong headings, highly set small, almost pendulous ears disappearing in the coat. The tail is always rolled in peace hanging carried with excitation and attention with many over the backs. By their exterior these dogs merge often optically with the cattle which can be protected, actually often a wolf in the sheep fur. Opposite utilizable cattle these dogs are bearing tolerant and this, when correct acclimatizing as booty would never regard.

Independently and without each requirement of a human guidance they accompanied the herds of cattle with the daily pasture course or migrations over in moments of the threat them entrusted of the animals calmly with circumspection of their actual function fair to become, resisting and driving out predacious animals.

To what extent the Do Khyi contributed to developing these herd protection dogs as ancestor can is not proven, all the same behavior, a similar body stature is too own. Not to also point after the European continent was settled from Asia by humans and also later people migrations from the Asian-space proceeded is such an assumption over distorting shank with this, or the descent of the herd protection dogs from the DO Khyi is really not to exclude.

Representation of the Do Khyi as protection from predacious animals on a Tibetan Thanka

Source of picture: " Tibet"

Geo publishing house

By means of that proceeding described attitude way of the utilizable cattle under too the herd protection dogs approximately up to the end 18 of the century world-wide the equilibrium between the predators and the interests of humans as a cattle breeder one held.

On the basis of an ever closer settlement of humans above all the European continent, the conditions of the animal husbandry and it changed were no more function for the heavy herd protection dogs available. Now humans needed the participation of the lighter, dependently operating guarding or shepherd dogs. Only in remote regions was preserved the sphere of activity of the herd protection dog and thus preserved.The clash of interest between humans cattle-holding and predacious animals flowed into an intensive pursuit and destruction of the “predacious animals”. In many regions the booty grip arms were exterminated.

Canis lupus source of picture: UH 1/98

Meanwhile world-wide estimated only about 130,000 wolves live. Surviving of the Canis lupus, the ancestor of all of our housedogs became questionable.The wolf as one of becoming extinct threatened animal species must be protected. Here also today again conflicts between the animal and protection of species and the cattle holding result.

The application of the herd protection dog was again discovered, even the mechanisms for the meaningful application of these dogs had to be learned again. It is firmly that all herd protection dog programs for a success of the wolf protection became. The cattle breeders let themselves be convinced slowly of the fact that protecting the herds of cattle is to be preferred by dogs of the destruction of the wolf practically.The assigned dogs save the application of poison seals and rifle and the wolf deliberate themselves again upon for it more “easier” to hunt animals. Here it quite ful-fills it by nature assigned the function of the maintenance of the game stock, which for the health and vitality of the game in addition, the often over-feasted plant new generation is from use.

These projects for the protection of the wolves in their last retreat areas are usually financed and executed by small protective associations.

Representatively of many the society is located for the protection of the wolves e.V in Germany. Each interested one can takeover for the support of the work sponsorships for wolves in addition, for active herd protection dogs.

More for the topic of wolves? - see under "links"

Source of picture page above: " Schah" Persian wolf from " the year of the dog " author Eberhard Trumler

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. . It´s time to have a look what find under Maxes Pictures !! - a Do Khyi?? or a Mastiff??

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Maxes adventure - the first weeks

Now had I thus arrived - in my new family except this woman and aunt Alice lived there still, a man ! Hardly

arrived I had to look at myself only times my new home and then I wanted after the long travel only one: Sleep!!

On the next morning I heard like the man to my new boss said:

” He is not normal, that has a mistake - and only because I does not wailing at the first night after my brothers and sisters, but slept quite calmly beside her bed to seven o

clock early” Amusing family!!

Always after the meal I brought into the garden and once each day went we outside into the world, she wanted to

show me all my future districts. Wow, are many!!For the reason I could also prove that I am already room

clean. Not once occurred a mishap.And then? - property I notices that there is in the house

still another space where the two always goes for marking, with floor drain - as practical!

Well well, I can do that also: a daily has her him in demand

why he water into the floor drain pours, because it is there always wet starting from this moment was the door of

bathroom constantly closed. Strange household, the two do not go nevertheless also into the garden!

Each day in my future districts we meet many different doggies. Those will nevertheless probably not belong all to

the family??No matter, with everyone I want to play - only amusingly that aunt Alice does not want to let the mostly interesting young

Rambo and some girls to me. My new boss then always says that Alice watches out well for me.

Quite surprised is she however, because I run ago not always only behind her, but everywhere rushes, where there

which interesting new is for me.Ha ! there she nevertheless actually means if she then goes away and calls me that I run after her! Where would I come

there if I directly would fall on such things ?Anyhow she understood fast that she must fetch me always beautifully. Sometimes her in addition, she sends Alice, with

aunt Alice I goes along already rather!

A daily comes she with a long, fixed tape her leash calls and fastens it at my collar. Well no matter, then I draw the thing evenly also. As she holds me however to her I become sour

!So which I do not leave to be offered!! Their

“Schmackofatzi” can eat herself and not lure she leaves I only quite!! Unbelievably! For two days that can be done now already in such a way , finally she runs along to stop

at this leash with me.Suddenly she insists however on the fact that I run along at this leash with her ! It is all the same to me and if she holds

a chicken in front of me before the nose! I do not want that!! I become sourly, correctly furious. But their that is no matter, she fastens the leash at her belt and continues

simply!After two days I, the more intelligent one give way evenly

and run along to stop with her.

Also do not badly, because we go off there each day into the city, on the market and

into the youth farm. There are chickens there and hares, sheep and goats, and pigs! Also horses, geese and many children. Fantastic, all I may to sniff and also times nudge and lick off, only with all play and afterwards run may I not.

All children want to stroke me, actually nothing for me. Always all want to touch me, where I nevertheless gladly

decide whom I mean affection give and whom not.But if the children are beautifully dear, then pet I also

correctly with them. If then they give me flowers or a stick (some make), I carry those even around.

Actually no bad exchange so far (if I ignore times the amusing exercises in the puppy play hour). my brothers and

sisters against all the new adventures - or?

Still more adventures?... mean.. from me and friends?

Only times of my firstExperiences rest!! ...... relaxed!!

...... who comes white which there still everything?

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More sea! - a live water!!

Even ones evenly I have as correctly at my new family acclimatized, there I note as her and also he hectically everything do so jerkily and pack together! Whether we our stocks elsewhere shift?? Do we have perhaps a winter and a summer domicile? Even my food is exactly measured and packed up, with my food dish!!

Such a hectic I did not experience ever, there must place crosswise in the stairway, put nevertheless in the middle into the way , so that they do not forget me also! As those are as headless!! Frequently we have done “treks like nomads”, in open air museums with old houses, cows, horses, sheep also even goats and all possible poultry which I anyway never may nudge with my nose, and in the mountains - there I should go moving then with them with - mostly we have us then established somewhere, where it pleased me and controls the environment together. Nee, so an unusual tendency I ever

did not experience with both.

On the next morning they are very early risen as the first birds even times practiced singing !

I have it nevertheless equivalent known that they are no longer normal!! And I am to go along there?? Well, before nevertheless to forget me I go along.

After many hours we arrived finite. Of many keep lying in the car, I was already quite rigid. Well occasionally times we gone walk in an area which I at all did not know. All reminded me to the day as I from her once fetched to watch out for her over in the future - those do not become nevertheless probably?? We went into a house with all the suit-cases and my food. Everything smelled quite differently. And it was always windy, everything in addition, really everything moved!! Only times put, look at and think!! At home it was more beautifully. For what that??She has me the village - my new district shown and afterwards we all slept only times a round.

Ugh? Already again in the car? Well, fast, after a few minutes I was allowed to went already again to step out. And then??

Then was IT there! First the smell quite strongly, which was situated here everywhere in air. And a quite strange noise! I, yes I saw it first. - water!! Very much water!! so far I can to look, everywhere.

There did I have to rush, immediately this time I could also rush and they have no times “bleiib” or more “hiier” or also “Maxxx!!!” called.

Look at only times. It lives!! Every time I want to nudge it or to sniff, it leaves. Help, it comes to me. I branch back into air, finally I want not to become wet and laterally to the soil, in addition, water comes there.

She says to me: “Look times that is fine! Sea, sea, sea”, and goes into the water. (at their understanding I have frequently doubted). A bit I go along. There water is for drinking, and I have thirst also. At least I must not die with thirst here. But every time I want to drink it leave it. Nevertheless not now I must probably still to go into the water to drink??I give myself much trouble and drink quite fast, because the sea even is there!!! Ugh !!! What is that?? That is disgusting, it is salty and species also in it! I must examine those directly times. Washed - the water comes back. I branch on the page, into air and then I see it: The soil moves under me!! When the water leaves, it carries sand forward, stones, everything. And into air branch are with me one evade immediately. And then the two laugh also still!!

That is too much, they are mad probably?? Now I am insulted however and put myself exactly at the edge, which she calls heave. There I must think only times more about and the amusing water only quite exactly observe.

What is I here??? Vacation at the sea, so an insolence, with me? where I climb nevertheless so gladly and slopes down-rushes. And snow it had here also none? only wind and water, and because I go swimming already so gladly!!! I am to watch out probably - meanwhile the two are in the water - for its things, so which boring.

And I already hear as he say to her: “ I had you directly said with such a water-shy to the sea, there never get accustomed to” Indeed!! there he is right, I imagined. In addition, he never went into the water. It was too cold in September. But she had absolutely always in the water runs well if those that can, I can also! Thus I always ran along with her at the water, in the sea. There were many shells and stones, jelly-fishes and cancers. Quite merrily so a cancer must I nevertheless absolutely times nudge and in the jelly-fishes, if they are in the sand can one roll.

Ugh! Then call the two. Everything which makes fun is “ Ugh” with the two. Also the precious faeces of the dyke sheep!! Those have no notion!

The sand is beautiful, very much sand to rolls and digs, and if she is then there comfortably I digs always exactly under her, then she sinks and must look herself a new workstation up - and I take their.

I found a friend also, a Bullmastiff she say. Me no matter, anyhow me that is exact quite and we rushes over the stone castles and dunes. If him becomes too much and I presses him too much he always goes of his despair into the amusing water, which her calls sea, which one cannot drink all times. IN ADDITION is thus use!! I want to play however further with him. He believes probably that he can hide himself before me in the sea? Thus I show him that it helps also nothing if he goes into the water: I nozzle with him inside and directly thereafter we rush over the beach and roll in the sand. A fantastic play!!

She is at the dyke and says to owner of Bullmastiff: do not trust my eyes, Maxe up to the neck in the sea, and not a camera thereby, probably I never do not see that again?

Those probably believed that I have fear of the alive water??

Not at all badly such a sea, much more alternation than in former times with my brothers and sisters at home? Or not?

There are you astonished - which?got out of the bath and not at all wet!!

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Education - to the genuine Tibetan fellow-tenant

Naturally she did have me - hardly that I had drawn in with the two? prove which for a fantastic alpha partner she is for me.

Already in the puppy kindergarten she wanted that I make so amusing exercises. Over jacks and wooden structures run, through a tunnel creep and jump into a crate with balls. By cloths and through people come if they me call!! Such a child stuff! Clearly have I then always so looked at her as if I that would never understand and already she has shown me everything before-made.How merry, same have I show her that I that anyway better can!!Only the exercise with that if they call me to come she could simply show for me never so correct before-make, therefore I must think also ever more about whether I am to show their that - as well I can do that.

And then? the exercise with “by the foot” to go!! And in the middle of my dog friends.

And therefore I should rise on Sunday always soo early?? Not times I got breakfast!At the start I am still the Schmackofatzis clean-fell, she always held me before the nose and gave me completely very much trouble. And she was pleased enormous.As long as to I noticed that she always showed with me the alphas of my friends like one it to make is. She led the education course and with me!!

Nee! - once count me in with however but equivalent three times???

With me not!! their Schmackofatzi can give her to the others, and means ball can she also keep!!Hey, now rushes Mia my ball afterwards! A fantastic play? my ball runs with Mia!!What alike should I still make?? Workstation and remain?? Actually my dearest exercise (I am situated gladly and observe everything) - up - like lightning and afterwards!Why she then is always so sour I cannot however at all understand.Finally she has nevertheless times understood which me makes fun: very briefly which learn and: much, much play with all the others. And occasionally I accept already times a Schmackofatzi.

As I was even 14 weeks she nevertheless smooth meant I must which quite fantastic of their learning. And we went out already two into nature - I should learn that track searches. SHE -wanted to learn ME as one with the nose operates! Laughter detention - where she has nevertheless no correct nose!Despite that I had to tighten a track table-ware have however made me much fun if she said “Search” then I has me

powerfully clean-hung into this work.

And fun made that for me - SHE showed nevertheless me like I can find everything that me interested!!Hey, there was a horse, which I must long! Best I this track up completely prepared, never gave up - until had found it to stop at the horse stable.Why didn't she praise there me? Otherwise she was pleased nevertheless also always enormous!Unfortunate that we go looking no more tracks up now.

And how badly does she have herself employed with the exercise - More haste, less speed? finally I have always only to look whether there which comes interesting - if she calls me. Why otherwise am I to probably come to her??

Exactly? there a dog barks. There I must – whole absolutely!!

And I am to tighten a chest table-ware now?? how I look out thereby? How Chinese, the Chow? let whole I that still accepted and even forget.My error! me fixed a giant hand at one time keeps at my thorax, straight as I means friends on the play meadow hear to bark!! Try still times? nothing, the same again. It becomes nevertheless not? No quite indifferently is she there. Such a easy exercise: indifferently to stand there I can also!! After long time she gives it up and calls me “Komm”There you are she now understood? I rush to her, my liberty is to me about everything? and already I may run on the meadow.Stupidly only that my friends all had already home!!

Gee ! Which I heard him a daily to her to say there? “Forget it, with one like that is the course cash eliminated nevertheless” - on the way have I it experienced that she announced with me to a Lind-type course itself.There she wanted finally to learn like she can me to motivate to do that which she wants!!Times sees, what now is? and already I was allowed to watch like she in drying exercises the request for play with me should to learn.

Looks mad! And so I am to play now with her?? Where there are nevertheless here so many new, interesting people. Only I must examine those times, which for which are!!Meanwhile she made again her drying exercises for requests for play and then she squeaks with a mouse and rattled and rattled and at the conclusion to have all laughed, because I marked in the meantime only times my new territory.

Three weeks she had used that she was totally discouraged! The course must have been quite beautifully expensive, and I have heard like the course chief to her said “ I believe you have there with yours a dominance problem? “

I believe that was too much for her, now finally she gave up. She has understood that I already comes if she wants – nevertheless only if I everything completed, which I wanted!

Sometimes does she become in addition, correctly sourly, I always feels quite exactly and then? then I come immediately, or stop or do otherwise which her in such a way want.Recently does she have to him said “ I believes that I must learn that my threshold of sensation sinks with him, then he hears to me”

And already she had which learned from me: Patience and understanding and unfortunately also consequence, she became so correctly stubborn, but she is no more hectic.

Finally still another Tibetan nature in the family, which understands me! Quite beautifully successfully, my education attempts, I´ll mean!

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Beauty - an dominant factor aunt Despite that my aunt Alice was only so short with me together, I remember her always. With Alice together over stick and stone, holes dig. Alice showed me much, also which for a fantastic toy tufts of grass are. Why only my boss is always so sour if I then a few bundles in the garden plucks I cannot however at all understand!Thus I was then for a long time alone with the boss and the man in the house. A daily I could do more it times to listen as she with my breeder at the telephone about me talked: “Of him it would be already better, if the small one were somewhat older? “

Ugh? What is that? I am probably again a new friend be given? And already we drove off and my former family visited. Such a meanness, I had to remain nevertheless actual there sitting after a short walk in the car!Then she came, and had my new friend thereby. Quite excited I was there! Times to watch like those probably is?

That is not nevertheless probably their serious! Calculated those? The Tibet Spaniel aunt?? That may not be true nevertheless probably, the dominant factor aunt which me as I still was a small puppy always the ears pulled long around me to show which I may and which not.Which I am with the dwarf! Probably believe that they reinforcement need?Equivalent in the first evening aunt Beauty me wanted to feed nevertheless smoothly my food and at all my whole Schmackofatzis!! With much interest I all this quite calmly observed.Clearly that I decided that this aunt must be first times correctly educated only!Not at all so easily because Beauty is nevertheless almost three years older than I. And I am to teach now to the aunt like a correctly Tibetan nature to behave have?Exactly there - she has fully lost with that!

Comes nevertheless smoothly rushed like lightning if my boss calls, in order a Schmackofatzi to only fetch. At all the aunt for food makes so quite everything!

But perhaps I can play quite correctly fantastic with the small one? Thought - Done! Already I have made my most beautiful neck setting right and the aunt from the rear completely, gentle with the paw dabbed.Hey went off however the party there - so mean was the aunt there!! Wanted me nevertheless smoothly into the barriers to point, from because of individual distance and so!

I however nevertheless did not give up. SUPER WOMAN - so correctly malicious!There she have me nevertheless smoothly ignored, quite beautifully insulted I was about there, if one ignores someone here then nevertheless probably I? Or?

Already have I made the education problems in sequence to concern oneself.Only I had to worry about the eating habits of the aunt, finally want I further in peace more to think about whether I now even to rise and went to my dinner something to eat, or not. I does not determined rush like Beauty to my food dish! And males make those beside the boss if the food mixture. Nee, not with me!!Thus I have crept behind Beauty as she even busily with her food was there times made my stretching exercises.

Ho? there she became however bad!! Yes. Controversies I does not want at all with that, therefore I put behind Beauty and her food-cup and both so correctly dominant fixed. The aunt already trusted to eat no longer further and appeared me a tooth and always finally went to my food!!Those has probably thought the more intelligent one gives way, there over there is even more for priming in it! Pitch had, immediately I let to be the aunt its food and tried the same out with Beauty and my food cup. Promptly functioned!Fantastic like fast the small one learns, in the meantime she goes if I strictly looks at the aunt from and already makes the one far distance around my food and I can meanwhile in the living room still relax.

Quite Tibetan the aunt walks now to her cup or is situated meanwhile in rooms beside me and thinks more about after whether one for rising now is around a little thing to eat.

, I mean not badly such a education.

Super the woman, if would not tear always immediately to the boss because only of a Schmackofatzi! thus I always placed myself into their way. That did not itch the aunt however at all and tore those easily around me!Already have I exactly then begun with the dominant factors aunt to play, are the attacks of the small ones elegantly evaded and directly was forgotten the call of the boss!

Where do we come there, if one would react immediately to such calls? In the meantime our boss calls again twice or three times, until Beauty saunters comfortably beside me to the boss.

And recently I could hear nevertheless smoothly like my boss at the telephone my breeder told “I am believe from the nature of the small one is a “Mini - Do Khyi”. Funny which ? Quite beautifully fruitfully my education attempts!

Yes and to play and neck does the dominant factor aunt in the meantime also with me. I dive then always behind her ago and throw myself over more over her and equivalent times on the back.Why all, which watch however at all always continue air can I do not to understand! Everything only camouflage - already the small one hangs on mean lips and growls diverted thereby. Not badly such a small friend !

my friend Gomtu, 12 months old more correctly related from Beauty - which probably looks up there? Tartar??

a fantastic diver!! the small one must even still at the long leash nozzles. Finally it must still "remains " and " Hiiier " practicing!!

back home up



Maxes Ahnentafel/Pedigree

Why a dog needs at all a genealogical table, somehow works that always feudalism as in the Middle Ages, then some may think. This with a direct breed regarding the race health and vitality is not as important knows usually only the breeders, under any circumstances serves it for it over for a puppy a higher sales value to obtain.Why the Pedigree is important points a review to the starts of the pedigree dog bred:- many dog races developed for the conceptions of the appearance and nature appropriate dogs used in the breed from few. Even one at rare races is often this the case, in addition, e.g. after the two world wars the breed with the few survivors race copies had quite again to be structured often again. Some race was before becoming extinct and from few breed animals was kept short. Many dog races are a cultural heritage of humans and also for this reason to be actually kept worth. Without leading a breed book and the genealogical table for each animal, resulting from it, the breed would equal a play like roulette, after from the document an exact knowledge of the distorting shank degrees comes out and so that inbreeding can be avoided or to close in-breeding.Unfortunately to transact operated in addition, " with" genealogical tables or so-called papers by unfair “salesmen” of dogs a type of fraud, after these add to the puppy of papers those the sales value " of the dog " to prove seem to pay thereby the buyer are ready more in the faith a good purchase. Thus " papers " for the puppy are thus printed easily or bought with " a super ordinate "association. Important a breed book which is behind the genealogical table always is with an old-established federation. The guarantee with the dog on all international CACIB exhibitions go later be in gable and

to regularly breed is only with an entry of the genealogical table with the FCI, in Germany still accompanying with the VDH given.

Tendrel Sangpo Che po KTRZB 989772 VDH/FCI

back to Maxe



Che po Tendrel Sangpo, alias Maxe

Actually I am called correctly Tendrel Sangpo Che po. My Christian name is expressed Tschö po (“che” means in the origin Tibetan language the confession faith, “po” means all of the manly) and is called in Tibet as guardian of the faith (therefore dawdle I also mostly behind my boss ago to watch about that she don’t leave the right way). On some days my boss calls me also so, there I know that her temper is correctly best and I come immediately.

But all friends me know call me maxe, that are such a Bavarian regent to have been.

On 24 November 1998 I got the first time deeply to air.

.................... but always in sequence, then everything more began:

Lhotse of Tanggula Shan my father, up to now I have him stillnot personally sighted

and...&

Bayantira Along called Queenymy nut/mother - eight weeks she look after me in addition, today still if I meets her, she says me how to go long.

Thus the two must probably have met in September 1998 somehow.

The result am I and still 6 Tibetan natures.

There my world was still correct always with my brothers and sisters at that milk bar

. ... no concerns, none " however" nevertheless " always " COME and NOOO under supervision of the strict Tibet Spaniel aunts from the kennel Tendrel Sangpo with Mrs. Schottroff

20 January 99 began for me already so stupidly, first I in-pinched my foreface in the garden door themselves, then I had therefore go to the veterinary and then………

there this woman came pulled out and carried me forward easily from all, well... there was also an aunt named Alice. Reliably I knew the woman twice her us had already, visited, but nevertheless, already again………

I am to be probably lifelong under the regiment of women? !

One is sure ! I NEVER give up my emancipation movement !

And I was curious nevertheless,it should begin a quite new life now, full adventures!

Maxes adventures Ahnentafel,Pedigree

back home up next

Up-to-date? to the report in TV ZDF & MDR

After with the present “Information” the ethologist and cynologist no value is more attached to the public by the media the opinion of adequate dog owners and breeders, as well as those, quotes I now for clarifying the statements of the intelligence services ZDF & MDR the remarks of Dr. Hans Räber, one of the last large cynologists of our time about the Do Khyi – called “Tibetdogge”

Source: Hans Räber “Encyclopedia of the pedigree dogs” Tape 1

1. ) seal and truth

There might be probably hardly a second dog race so by secrets, by the myth is surrounded like the Do Khyi. Tibet was from ever ago an final country and is it still today. Europeans a view was permitted only rarely behind the chains of the Himalaya, and if, then only for short time.

Where exact knowledge is missing, the legends, that flower are only too human. Really founded knowledge of the Tibetdogge we possess for approximately 80 years, were written over this breed already importantly in former times. It is to be held therefore not easily seal and truth apart.

After Strebel (1905) the picture of a Tibetdogge appears on a babylonian boundary stone from the year 1000 v. Chr. The sculpture shows an obviously large, double-coated dog with curled-up tail and being ears (the ears could be even crop) the dog unmistakable has, if also not very pronounced mastiff-type. By a shawl, as it is described again and again by the great Tibetan dog, nothing is visible, clear conclusions can from the figure not be pulled anyhow in the picture.

- the conception of the Europeans about Tibet, after the descriptions of Marco Polo -

2. ) relationship with the western mastiff

A old-venerable legend means that the Do Khyi of the ancestor of all mastiff-like breeds is. The arguments for and against this thesis were gathered by the large cynologists and domestic animal researchers of the turn of the century (1900) and discussed violently. Since that time new was added hardly more.

Considerable authors such as Megnin (1891), Beckmann (1895),Siber (1897) in addition, the domestic animal researchers shopkeepers and cellars represent this descent theory of the well-behaved and try them partially on the basis from antique texts and dog representations on Assyrian Bas-reliefs to support.

As important proof the black colour and the after claws are consulted also again and again (notes: after claws are not mentioned in type of status the FCI 230 and do not dip also m.E. on). Those are however completely unfit proofs. The black and tan colour are one of the most original colouring of the dog; König (see Hovawart) regards it even as the most important indication for the fact that from a dog race without degeneration appearances still further races can be developed; and wolf claws (after claws at the rear legs) occur even with dwarf dogs.

To Western Europe these molossoid breeds are to have come by the Greeks and Romans. The conclusive proof for the correctness of their theory their advocate until today anyhow remained guilty for us.

Strebel (1905) pointed the weak points out of this descent teachings convincingly. Also right points out it that neither from Greek nor from the Roman culture area us figures-like were delivered by like dogs. If an import of such dogs from Asia in an extent would have actually taken place that

these dogs could have influenced the residents forms considerably, then almost inevitably figures must have been delivered.Of the Romans mentioned again and again more “Molosser”, of the advocates of the descent theory as the link between Assyrian mastiff and today's breeds, mentioned above, one quotes, indicates after available figures and sculptures no features. It was a flock guard, how it is represented today still by the flock guardians of the Balkans to see and it is not available why one today all heavy mastiffs as “molossoid” Dogs defines.

The reality may have been differently and above all simpler. In areas, whose environmental condition are very similar, independently similar dog races could have developed. To call the Swiss mountain dogs from those would be the St. Bernhard dog and the great Swiss mountain dog developed, and the Pyrenees mountain dog.

In order to explain the similarity of the dog races in far apart being situated areas of our earth, under any circumstances people migrations or trade relations of antique peoples do not have to be quoted.

Now again a note of me to report in TV ZDF& MDR:

Before 2700 years humans does not have, like evidently (see also Strebel, Stephanitz 1905-1918) dog races directly bred they are developing a breed selection on characteristic above such as courage, hardness or robbery things sharpness... takes place as can be prove only since the beginning of the pedigree dog breed (hunting dogs approx. starting from 1700, other races starting from approx. 1850).

Dogs were used as war dogs (also in 1. and 2. World war),from Tibet or also China does not give it excessive quantities or figures over the use of war dogs.

Tibet is unchanged since approx. 680 n Chr. a Buddhism, antiquity advanced culture (up to the Annexation 1950),which does not represent any aggressive, war-prominent culture during this long period. Thus a denomination of the Tibetdogge is not even to be called war dog as a theory.

These thus the short response to the question information about the media today are as valuable.

UP-TO-DATE: Information and left to dogregulations

Open letter to the topic of G.Bloch

The eurasian mountain dogs - and a clarification of the legends about the " large Dog of Tibet "

The eurasian high mountain landscape from the Atlantic to the south Chinese sea developed - like the American Kordillen - before 130 million to 500,000 year during so-called alpid folding. These mountains are thus the youngest mountains of the world, not yet sanded off of wind and weather of world history, high and rugged, with summits, which rise up the far over timber line inside in the eternal ice.

The Alpid folding chain in Eurasia extends from Western Europe until Eastern Asia. It pulls from the Pyreneeses over the alps and in the northern elbow over the Karpaten, the Caucasus and the Elbus mountains to the Hindukusch. The southern elbow leads across the alps across the Balkans, the Ponti mountains and the Taurus mountains to the Zagros mountains and across Pamir and the high country of Afghanistan likewise up to the Hindukusch. From there three mountain chains continue to pull to the east. The most impressing is the southern chain of the Himalaya, which drags on over behind India into the Southeast Asiatic island world. The northern chain, the Tien-schan mountains, makes the connection to the age-old mountain landscapes of Southsibiria, to the Altai, to the Kentej mountains. The middle chain covers the entire highland of Tibet.

Kailasch, aus der Hochebene gesehenMount Kailash, seen from the tableland

In the lee of the mountains, where the clouds do not rain any longer, have themselves far dry regions developed: the grass steppes in Kazakhstan, in the Ukraine, in Anatolian and the drying-savannes of the Mediterranean area.

And enormous, life-hostile half and sand deserts developed: the Kara Kum and Kisil Kum in south Russia, the large salt desert and the desert Wu Lut in Iran, the Tarim basin and the desert Gobi in China and that Mongolia.

The entire eurasian high mountain landscape is a landscape of the most glaring contrasts: There are deserts and moisten wet forests, high mountain pastures and subtropical hard leaves wood. There are areas with eternal spring, eternal high summer, eternal winter. There are areas, there is it times high summers, times ice winters. And the daytime temperatures vary frequently between +30 °C over noon and 0 °C at the night.

No miracle thus that the high mountain landscape was only thinly settled. The high mountains with its stored deserts and steppes are not paradies scenery, in which humans settle gladly. It was therefore used frequently only as place of refuge of pressed peoples, who there - in large, natural fortresses - which survived time runs and the wars by the more valuable settlement country. No miracle thus also that the population of this elongated high mountain strip is just as mixed as in completely Eurasia: At the north slopes and in the adjacent wintery cold drying steppes we find the most diverse so-called Turkpeople, which developed in the large people migration times from mixtures of europide and mongolide trunks: the Hungary, Turk, act arene, Kirgisians, Kasachen, Usbeken, Turkmenen, Uiguren. In the west and southwest the " white " Europoide settles: the Europeans, Kurdians, Iranians, Afghanen, Tadschiken, Pakistanians, Indians. And in the east up to the Hindukusch the " yellow " Mongoloidian lives ": the Tibetians, the Mongols, Burjaegen, Chinese and the Khmer.

In the entire area of the eurasian high mountain strip we find today thus a multicolored mixture of the most diverse peoples. Each people has its own history, language and culture, its own traded survival strategies. Cattle breeders and hirten remained them however to the majority. They live, depending upon climate and altitude, on the breed of sheep, goats, horses, camels or Yaks. The agriculture plays in the mountains and in the drying steppes to today only a supporting part.

Tibetische Nomaden beim Melken der SchafeTibetan nomads when milking that sheep

Humans and cultures in the high country and in the mountains also are so different, dog owners are them all. And their dogs are among themselves - from the Pyreneeses in the Tibetan high country - everything rather similar: There is well boned and deliberate medium sized to very large dogs. But they are cross-country like chamois and also so undemanding in attitude and care. They are more or less shaggy haired, provided with a natural coat-tank all. They have short triangular hanging ears and very communicative bushy tails, which roll them in excitation highly over the backs. They are black or white, red-brown, grey or golden or everything together. From a character they are lively, independent and compatible, but provide with a substantial pig-headed and a certain natural sharpness. All show still much original behavior and no fear of powerful opponents, of large cats, wolves, bears. These characteristics were it probably, on which their relationship with humans developed itself. Everywhere of the Pyreneeses until Tibet meet we it as protection and awake dogs of the residents hirten and cattle breeders. And it is not to be accepted reliably exaggerated that only with the help of this strengthen a surviving of humans in these " wild " areas, self-willed dog in the long term was possible

Blue & tan - coloured Do Khyi -a nomad-and mountaindog

source:, Kynos Atlas, Kynos publishing house

One aimed breed never operated the hirten. Until today each area has its " regional race ", which differs from other areas: The colder the climate, the more largely the natural predacious animals, the more longhaired, more largely the dogs are. Also the old-established dogs from the high mountain belt were subject to the " natural selection " and had to get along with the climate and their with competitor.

From where now these " original " dogs came and among them ranks which modern races, about it one argues, since it cynologists (= dog researcher) gives oneself. Were the first " mountain dogs " - as we want to call them here once completely carefully and all controversy avoiding - particularly for the wolf defense bred " shepherd dogs "? Or were they carriage dogs, which along-brought humans from the north and whom in the mountains all carriage dog characteristics lost? Was the first mountain dog the Albanian " white " Molosser? Or do they all of the black large dog of Tibet (= Do Khyi) descend?

From to today as dogs recognized early and to before-historical bone finds no answer can be derived. As the oldest finds those, which one found in Roman soldier camps, are considered to a " large wolf-similar (!) dog race of the antiquityt ". One found these dogs always at the rear loss gate, porta decimana and gave in such a way its discoverer to these dogs to the name " camp dog ". Large dogs of " mountain dogs ", which are older than the Roman camp dogs are until today officially do not admit become. If one may trust the excavators and their zoo-logical advisors, it gave up to the Roman

time (approx. 300 v.u.Z. - 300 n. and Z.) world-wide only small dogs and large wolves. But one may doubt such statements confidently:

Niniveh loam-figure 650 B.C.

In the approx. 8500 years old Jarmo in the Iraq one found small Terracotta: shaggy dogs with short, broad lip, with pendulous ear and highly curled-up tail, in which one can recognize easily small, primitive images of longhaired mountain dogs. And in the 8000 years old south Turkish Catal Hueyuek one excavated the Statuette of a mother divinity: It sits on a throne and beside it, on the right of and left, sits - in typical guard float - two enormous dogs, like bears - no wolves. The Sumerer (2800 - 2360 B.C.) designated in their cuneiform script the lion with the word " large dog " (we think note Author, once of the Tibetan term of " lion dogs"). And that is a reference to it, " that the dog an animal of approximately similar size " - or imposive strength -, available for comparing " must have been ", as Strebel (1904/05) means.

In Ninive (704 - 612 B.C.) and Babylon (1700-539 B.C.) between Euphrates and Tigris one found small tone pictures, in which strengthened, shaggy mountain dogs is explained. They belonged to ritual disease driving. The represented dogs are far more finely representative than the dogs of Jarmo (s.o.), but it are just as similar to them as modern flock guardian.

Assyrian wall-relief Palace v. Ashurbanipul700 B.C. -heavy Hunt-/ Staghounds

In Ninive and in Babylon we find then however also beside the old, shaggy for the first time shorthaired mountain dogs, which one probably as hunt combat or War dogs and from those the ancestors of our modern Great Dane, Boxer, Mastiffs, Rottweiler bred surely developed.

Assyrian Relief 640 B.C.shorthaired War Dog- or Hunting Dog

The first written reference to a large mountain dog originates however from China: In the year 1121 B.C. the people of the Liu is to have given a dog to the " large tread of the kingdom ", that was 4 foot highly (= approx. 47 inches !).

Route from Marco Polo 1273 to 1290 A.C.he went around the high plateau of Tibet and the Transhimalya, Tibet even never seen.....Whether its description of the Tibet "dogge" originates from " hearing legends " from narrations of the Mongols and the Chinese ?

some of its descriptions are seen today of scientists as rendition of legends from the natives...

source:National Geographic 6/2001

Marco Polo, globe-trotter made of Venice (1254-1324), reported on it and says even: " the people of the Tibetans is a badly constituted race, it holds dogs, as largely as donkeys, which are excellent for the hunt of savages animals, in particular the wild oxen (Yaks). Marco Polo exaggerated surely. With approx.. 25/26 inches hight at shoulders is the Tibetdog not (DO Khyi) a giant under the mountain dogs, even if their approx. 133 pounds (note: male) already impression make. It spread here simply only the first rumor, which climbs around the mountain dogs and which says:

- the mountain dogs are terrible, dangerous giants

The second rumor says:

- The mountain dog is a " griffin "

ein Greif ? oder die Entmystifizierte Zeichnung einesGreifes - eine der wohl besten bildlichen Darstellungendes 18. JahrhundertA griffin ? or the de-mystification design on agriffin - one of the probably best figurative representations 18. century

405 vB.C. an age-old frontasiatic legend described and said Ktesias, Greek historian and physician at the Persian yard as secured knowledge: In the high mountains live so-called " griffin ". They are large winged dogs, like wolves (note: Grey wolf height at shoulder of 27 - 31 inches), with claws such as lions, and at the whole body covers with black feathers, which are red-yellow colored only at the chest (note: probably black & tan color in the shaggy-hair). Due to the watchfulness of these animals it falls heavily to mount these mountains. From the furious mountain guard giants thus magic eagle lions became with the time. And thus the reason was put to the third rumor, that already meant:

- The mountain dog is a tiger half-breed

This rumor comes from Aristoteles (384-322 B.C.), which knew the dogs only of hearing legends. Aelian (170-235 B.C.) then the following copied of it:

Canis Indica,Canis pastoralis, Indian Dogs after Johann Honstonus, 1672 A.C.

Those sucked. " are bound Indian dog ", the Tibetans, by their gentlemen to trees and left alone. " pushing now tigers on these dogs and they are hungry straight, then they tear the dogs up. If they come however satisfied, then they leave themselves with the dogs.........

The next brood however of this tiger and a dog follows the mother... and becomes a dog. Such dogs now, which may praise themselves the birth of a tiger, defame it the deer to hunt or with a pig tie up. The lion however they result and give thereby their earlier birth to recognize " and then follow the long-known, sadism, bloody history of a dog a lion " choked " and also not released than one it successively tail, all four legs and the head finally disjointed.

The fourth rumor is less bloody, it announces:

- The mountain dogs are dragons.

Columnella (approx. 50 A.D.), Roman Agrarien of the emperor era, writes: " as guardians of the yard one must select a large, powerful dog, which has a loud and deep voice, so that it already strikes his sight the malefactor by its bark and into the escape. It is to be in-colored white, if it at the herd, black, if it becomes related in the yard... The head is so powerfully that it appears as the largest part of the body, the ears is folded down and will overhang in front, the eyes is stinging black or grey-iridescent and; the chest is broad and shaggy, the front spar and strongly... such calls the Greeks Dragoi, dragons ". About breed and attitude of these " dragons " nothing is said. It means only, one is to buy it with the hirten, and one is to crop them 14 days after the birth the tail.

Field- orStaghoundGermanic Bear Dog

Over breed and attitude stands then however somewhat in the old-Persian Avesta, which for holy books of the Parsen, which were only laid down in writing before 1500 years, however with security likewise are enough for those, if not longer, verbal excessive quantity precedes: ", " the dog " says the creator to its prophet Zarathustra, " let I be garb and his own footwear own naturally have; I made it eagerly are awake, sharp-biting, get its food of the men, thus he pay attention on the messuages " wolf dog of half-breeds however, then it is called further, must be killed. " on the side dogs are thrown: deadly as it were for house and yard; and now become more harmful and perishable and for house and yard more dangerously than otherwise the dog it is, on the other side wolves is thrown: deadly for house and yard, and those become more harmful and perishable and for house and yard than otherwise wolves are more dangerous." One sees, humans obviously already very early negative experiences with wolf a crossings made and to have such " hybrides " rather killed. The fifth rumor, which means:

- All mountain dogs, flock guard, are " wolfblood shepherd dogs "

One may refer that confidently in the realm of the fables - just how as all other rumors specified above also.

What now however real are the mountain dogs and as lived and live them?

Over it there are, although meager reports: In old Germanic " wisedom " these dogs of " sheep dogs ", " sheephound ", " Fieldhound ", " Indian dogs " or " Hirtenhound " are called. " sheep dogs " (Russian Owtscharka) are however no shepherd dogs. They guard not on arrangement and go-eat the shepherd. They are

awake only, independently and without instructions. They do not take sheep, cows, Yaks anywhere, them remain in their proximity " changing " along and fit up. They are the dogs, " those the wolf bite, to it the cattle from the muzzle take and on the shouting, which is raised from the land people with the appearance of the wolf, immediately hurry on far distance to assistance.

In this country belonged these dogs to the standard equipment of the moving hirten and the established farmer on the lonely yard. With the disappearing of the wolves and bears, with the fall of the free hirten and the farmers, with the penetration of the princely power monopoly in the absolutism, these guards of personal liberties disappeared more and more. Their role at the herds took over the lighter, tractabler shepherd dogs and on the yards the smaller " farm dog " and " ratting pintcher ".

Tibetan dog, design after William Youatt, in the year 1850.

But in other countries they and their functions remained. The English world traveler Youatt reports 1845: " the dog is bred on the plateau of the Tibet limiting Himalayamountains. " the men come down at different seasons into the valleys, in order to sell boraxes Moschus and such. The women remain at home, and they and their herds must be defended sometimes energetically by these dogs. They are the protector of nearly each larger rural possession."

Samuel Turner describes its experiences with the Tibetan dogs around 1800: It " met a heap of tatarian hirten, who always live in tents and to do nothing, when to feast... in one of the miserable villages I painted its cattle out of curiosity between the houses around, and there I found everything calm, I

went into a stony verge... as I occurred, jumped up to my astonishment a large dog, which came if its courage equal its size, enough were strong to fence with a lion. It held back me with its raving barking at the gate, and I was frightened very much at the beginning, since I remembered and knew however the cowardice (!) of the dogs that they are courageous only if they notice that one is afraid of them, stood I quietly....

The Hungarian count Bela Szechenyi in Tibet made similar experiences:

" on a Exkursion in a valley I saw against evening a light and heard dogs barking.... hardly was I unite one hundred step forward gone, there surrounded me suddenly five Tibetan dogs. I believed my last instant come..."

One sees like the rumors over the enormous, tiger-same dragon-seizes with wolf blood probably developed. Count Szechenyi did not let itself be discouraged nevertheless. He bought three of this " Beasts " and wanted her to Europe to introduce. It had however no large success thereby. And like its dogs, then it also all other imported Tibet-Mastiff was issued: They died again and again early - at wrong attitude and too much wet-cold weather. Or they landed behind lattice bars in zoo-logical gardens. The Europeans had forgotten obviously handling these independent, resistanceful dogs.

That however these dogs are not " dragons " and that one can come with them also as stranger by right, other globetrotter describes that. Schlatter e.g. reports to an only medium sized, but nevertheless quite penetrationable local race of the nogaian dogs at the Asow sea. It recommends the following:

- One carries oneself a Nomad forward in the national costume as a companion That gets along with the dogs and with it the dogs, too

- One goes as stranger, slowly and holds a long stick behind itself. The dogs usually pack from the rear and bite then into the stick.

- One probably does, if one throws something meal to them, with which they are occupied until one reached a house

- One may never strike it, otherwise all dogs of the village meet on the howling of the met dog, and the thing becomes more serious than before.

- One puts oneself simply. Sitting humans... excited only its curiosity. They formed a circle around it, watched it surprised and ran then without excitation apart.

We see: the " dragons " are completely gentle, if one treats them gently. They answer only - to aggression with aggression, to indifference with indifference, to friendship with calm tolerance. One can find such " gentle dragons ", which guard only their messuage, today as holiday-makers in the eurasian high mountain strip still everywhere.

We ourselves met in such a way one in the Pyreneeses: It had surely no internationally recognized geneological table, and each breeder would have segregated him as " mismarked ". But it was a Pyrenees mountain dog, as it surely already for thousands of years gives. It guarded the camping site, the hotel and its " patronne " with calm attention. He picked up with nobody, bore even strange dog and was all day long kilometres away on the way, from prospect place to prospect place, in order to control its realm. It however never lost sight of its patronne thereby. If one had to talk something over with it, then he - as grown from the soil - was, completely calmly, completely suddenly there gently. But unmistakably. Large Swiss mountain dog are to have set up a rule, which says: " it is to be danced forbidden with the Alpine dairymaid " The mountain dog in the Pyreneeses seemed to have something similar in the head

In this function - as independent guards and protectors - we today still find the mountain dogs in the Pyreneeses, in the alps, in the Tatra, in the Caucasus, in Anatolien, Kurdistan and Tibet. Everywhere they are held as awake and protection dogs. And thus they this job also well fulfill, them are supplied properly. Already in the old-Persian Avesta a caring is set up: " one get out milk and fat including meat, one it the dog as meal bring, then is its due meal." And " again a well feasible act " is not it, these dogs to give " not reduced bones or to hot meals ". Because " if the

bones it between the teeth to put remain settling or in the neck, or if it to hot meals the muzzle or tongue burns, then the perpetrator become thereby incurred the loss body."

The Roman poet Vergil writes in his Hirtenpoem:

" over everything do not forget to me the care of the sheepdogs.

Feed with wheys and bread. If those guard your stables,

You are afraid neither the wolf nor nocturnal curving thieves,

Still the bold assault of iberian robbers."

Tibetan nomads with the "shearing"means comb out of sheepwool.

And also the dogs of the rather poor hirten in Tibet are well fed according to reports - with flat cake, corn flour and goat or sheep milk.

Thanka representation hero King Gesar of Ling" the Kings of Tibet"Trailer representation cattle of the nomads and predatores under the protection of the Do Khyi.

Goods with the Dingos, Parias the well held, well nourished dogs the exception, then it seems to have turned around with the mountain dogs exactly: Nearly everywhere the mountain dogs are probably supplied and maintained. This fact and the respected guard position of the dogs, which stand in the clear contrast to the otherwise usual role of the four-legged nameless " garbage disposal ", relationship between humans and dogs appears at first sight as not straight " primitve ". Here such a thing seems to be present like a contract with contents: You watches out for my things and defends her, and I give you for it your food and my confidence. But as the present treaty, seen from the dog he also looks as again fashionable does not have to be not so absolutely again fashionable. One cannot coin/shape dogs like grey geese, it learn and forget their life long, like all modern animals. But young mountain dogs (and their modern descendants, the hirten -, alpin herds-, cattle dogs and mastiff-like dogs) become acquainted with usually in the first four life months " it " herds completely personally. And they differentiate then " it " herds from all different: They love " their " cat and hunt the others, them love " their " people and are strangers opposite distrustfully to rejecting. This characteristic - " good-naturedly against its fellow tenants ", but " against foreigner rejecting " that is own all to still ancient mountain dogs until today. Humans say this characteristic to them after, since they know mountain dogs, and humans at their mountain dogs have this characteristic always estimated.

Inferred out: " from upright humans to the dog owner" 500,000 years Ko-evolution and culture history of humans and dog

Authors: Gudrun Beckmann & Susanne Beckmann ", with friendly permission of Mrs. Gudrun Beckmann and the TG publishing house Ulrike Beuing GmbH, 35392 pouring.

ISBN 3-929301-02-4

Ruth Reheuser 04/2001

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Stand: Sonntag, 12. August 2001 Kontakt

Blue and grey is not the same

The gene for color dilution (blue dilution), effect and side effect

This gene for color dilution is by no means an invention or a mutation of the " modern times " in the pedigree dog breed, it existed as can be prove already since that 17. Century in Europe, at almost all dog races, in some is interpreted it as " standard color ", speaks it took place thus a pure breed on these, admitted distinctive color, which isabell colour in the standard as blue (Great Dane/Whippet) silver-grey (Poodle/Weimaranian), blue blue-& tan/grey tan/grey-& tan (DO Khyi / Dobermann/Pin), blue/grey (DO Khyi/Whippet) deer-mouse-grey (Weimaranian) or also (Setter/Dobermann) are designated.

"blue" Greyhound with yellow eye "Isabellcoloured" Whippet, yellow eye

At other races again (shorthaired in particular) the color than blue dilution (in the meantime also Dobermann / Pin) is excluded.

The color comes off by the effect " Dilution gene " for blue dilution which received the letter symbol " dd " from Little and Jones (1919 . Its allele the gene " DD " causes an intensive, " dd " against it weakened pigmentation. The two genes cause actually no color, it affect only the intensity of the color, those by other Genloci are formed (e.g. BB = black, bb = brown).

Opposite " D " " d " behaves simply rezessiv, i.e. a dog with the formula " BBdd ", which black pigment forms, appears now under the effect of " dd " " blue ", for example blue Great Danes, blue Whippets, Silverpoodles, also the

Do Khyi... etc.. If the dog forms however brown pigment, then " dd " causes the characteristic e.g.. Weimaraniancolour, which called Little 1957 " silver deer color " or in addition, when " isabell solour " one designates.

"Silvermicegrey" Weimaranian "Silverdeercoloured" Weimaranian

The colors diluting effect of " dd " affects itself not only in the hair, but also in pigmentation of the nose and the eyes. Dogs with the formula of " dd " have therefore a " slate-grey " nose crest and yellow-brown eyes; here however also no rule without exception, with the Collie dogs of the formula of " dd " are born with a black nose. The lightening effect extends, like said above to the color formed by other Genloci, so for example also on Black and Tan.

In the year 1631 a picture, which Rupert v. Pfalz with a silver-grey dog represents painted van Dyck. The picture shows that the silver-grey color already in 17. Century with managing dogs occurred and to produce that it by no means a crossing of races required around these. Because the clarification factor, as represented above, in relation to the intensification factor rezessiv holds back, knew the color only on the way of a skillful in-breeding as standard color strengthens, whereby was to be noted that the clarification factor leads with continued in-breeding to a bad skin formation and susceptibility for skin diseases, as this already noticed Strebel (1904).

Kerry "blue" Terrier, genetical grey-factor -without co-operation of the "d" Dilution gene forBlue dilution

standin in front -simply heterozygotput up - grey-factor is missing =black

Genotypical different than the " blue " are the " grey " dogs. Their color is caused by a having a grey factor. Dogs with this factor are always black born and have always a black nose. It grey in the first or second age more or less strongly. Modifying factors can cause a completely different having a grey factor, them hand from the dark ashgrey to a bright silver-grey (e.g. Kerry Blue Terrier). Because the factor for the having a grey factor leaves itself dominant, genetically three types can occur: 1. Dogs, which double the factor, therefore homozygot; 2. Dogs, with which it is heterozygot put on only simply, therefore and 3. Dogs, with which the having a grey factor factor is missing. In 1. and 2. the dogs more or less strongly grey width unit a skin (coat) in the 3 get case. Case remains the skin black.

"wildcoloured grey" Wolfspitz "darkcoloured sabled" Tschechischer Wolfhund

Completely different hair color is " dark grey shaded " or also " agouti grey " at different dog races (e.g. German shepherd dog). Here the individual hair of the " wolf colouring " is pale-grey-yellow, nearly whitish at the root; pale-yellow a transition follows this over red-yellow and red to black. The black is produced by increased, red by decreased storage of the coloring material melanin, pale-yellow held for the natural color of the hair cells (Raeber, Strebel, Stephanitz), with further purebreeding appears the color Black and Tan, which represent an exaggeration of the natural game colouring badges. The hereditary course for " wolf colors grey " is homozygot rezessiv.

Which genetics comes with the grey (blue) skin color of the DO Khyi to carrying, over it Siber (1897) in the summary of the work " the Tibethund " already writes. Here he mentions, due to descriptions of travelers: " also " blue " with Roth (slate grey) might occur here and there " and it points out with the fact that the color dilution gene already in the Tibet of the 18.Jahrhunderts, even if with individual Do Khyi could be observed rarely so however nevertheless. Likewise the Isabell colour as well as lightyellow eye color in its work mention finds.

Ann Rohrer describes the more exact career/development of the Dilution gene " dd" in the breed of the Do Khyi in today's Europe and America: " a further dog from the second throw Kalu x Kipu, Langtang Su Chen Chung was exported to the TM owner Manfred Boese in Germany. From the mating with its male, the blue and tan coloured German champion Tü Bo does brought Su Chen the

splendourful Yidam Aksu to the world. In the year 1982 Aksu was mated with their father Tü Bo, which was imported from the Saipal kennel by Mr. Jay Singh in Kathmandu, Nepal to Germany. From this throw three puppies were imported to America; Yidam Sindar Dokyi Dragonsquest and Yidam Dakas Kashmir became parents of further champions in the USA ".

Yidam Dakas Kashmir * 1982 (Tü Bo x Yidam Aksu)

Over these descendants Cathy Flamholtz in their book writes: " Sibers memory of the blue color is very interesting. For years this color was unknown with the American breeders, then the color in a throw of imported parents appeared. Such a " blue " dog fell in Karen and Rob of pickels breed with the German import Yidam Dakas Kashmir x Langtang Shay Ri's Sugarfoot. Very interesting that Siber back-reminds us of this color in the year 1897 ".

In the European breed of the Do Khyi are the descendants from the throw mentioned above, Yidam Amban and Yidam Akbar as well as Aksu to pursue in addition, Grey King (Desääl in almost all geneological tables back and thus might be present the rezessive Dilution gene " dd " with the Genloci of very many race representatives. It is thus no coincidence, if two obviously black and/or black and tan colored parents have suddenly grey (blue) puppies in the throw; Both are in this case carrier of the Dilution gene " dd ", even the number of grey (blue) puppies in the throw state nothing over the leaving strength for this gene with one of the two parents animals. It can quite occur that coincidentally no grey (blue) puppies lie in such a throw. The calculated

proportional portions with certain combinations of the Genloci of parents are only statistic values.

"blue & tan coloured" Do Khyi ( even called "grey & tan" )

Side effects Dilution gene " dd " or Colour mutation Alopezie

Already Strebel in its book (the German dogs 1904) describes the effects of the Dilution gene " dd ", likewise its rezessives behavior: " straight line as with the Albinism gives it also with the Melanism a diseased condition (mutation) and that is the brown or grey (blue) becomes; the first arises with bright eyes and flesh-colored nose, without transition completely suddenly. With St. Bernards I have the mask will suddenly see blue, how with dutchman cows suddenly blue-white piebalds arises. Both kinds thus blue like brown are to be made constant by the breed, only it noticed to me that the blue hair color leads with strong in-breeding of the more frequent to the nakedness ".

Strebel describes here already very early the consequences of an in-breeding with the Dilution gene carriers of " dd ", which is called today " Colour mutation Alopezie ". There are quite various causes for Alopezie (= baldness, alopecia), which can be acquired genetically in addition. In a French book over the Do Khyi is described the Colour mutation alopecia as completely rare illness of the grey (blue) Do Khyi, whereby after newer realizations this can occur also with normally colored animals after in-breeding for many years on Genotypes of the " dd " with back crossing on normal colors (s. standart Dobermann).

The distinction of other congenital or acquired causes of the alopecia results in the clinical picture as well as a biopsie in the sense of the elimination of other causes.

So far such alopecia or also different skin diseases is in the German breed (over immune defense defects - one does not exclude Demodex canis once), thus such congenital or tardiert illnesses due to the blue color yet arisen (so far well-known), yet should the observations of the cynologists attention be dedicated and an in-breeding on the dilution gene " d " by means of employment two " dd " carrier, thus phaenotypical grey (blue) parents animals be avoided.

Sources: Raeber, encyclopedia of the pedigree dogs; From the wolf to the dog, brevier of modern dog breed

Strebel, the German dogs

Stephanitz, the German shepherd dog in word and picture

* Vanderlip, dog breed, therapy genetics

Dr.Gerhard Schüler, the large Dobermannbook


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C h e n s i lives !

- Colour mutation alopecia / Follicular dysthropie?

Minutes of a wrong diagnosis 4.12.98 - the day on which I means my " small grey one " Chang po the first time saw and knew immediately that it is as far, to finally meet the long-preserved desire for a Do Khyi. Chang po would have been my male from this litter. Its fate should employ me much longer than I thought!

What had happened? Diagnosis, and/or suspicion on Colour mutation alopecia with all three grey puppies in this litter. What is that at all? I had seen, knew the effects already the picture of the Dobermann, but with so young puppies I had not ever seen it!

Colour mutation - Alopecia:

Those are concerned genetically " blue " (grey) dog those the dilutiongene doubly put on, here are concerned however not all in a litter, but the illness occurs only very rarely. The skin faded in its color exhibits large pigment grains in the hair shank, these causes hair loss in breaks of the hair crust. Usually shorthaired races are prone to disease.

The dystrophie arises in the faded skin areas starting from the 1. age of live, usually however beginning with the 2. age of live. The skin - / hair changes begin ditorsal at the flanks and spread in the process of several years over the entire body. The tallow glands continue to work, whereby seborrhoe inflammations develop. In the inflammatory skin portions melamin clot form and peribulbaere melanophages. The treatment consists in antiseborrhoe washing with following back fats of the portions concerned to dam as well as the treatment with skin antibiotics around inflammations.

Usually the animals concerned must be to euthanize after expansion of the follicle inflammations with wide open, festering portions.

The dogs concerned are otherwise able for life and lively, the hair loss are irreparable.

- it could not have been probably according to the clinical picture follicilardystrophie of the colour matation with the three puppies concerned Chang po, Candra and Chensi.

Follicular dystrophie with black skin (black hair follicular dystrophy):

Only dogs with black/dark skin are concerned. Disturbed hair growth is brought in connection with disturbed pigment transmission. At the fourth week a progressive alopecia of black hair under formation of hair gleaning begins. Up to 9. month are usually the dogs hairless. Always all black haired regions are not concerned. With the biopsie of skin show up melamin clots and makromelanosome. The treatment takes place via a symptomatic treatment of the secondary dandruff of the skin, which is hair loss as irreparable with all hereditary procedures.

- after Chang po, Candra and Chensi are where grey (blue) and the changes within short time occurred, also this diagnosis could not be appropriate despite the early beginning. With almost all forms of alopecia changes of the melanin carried cells - also with more endokrine (e.g. thyroid subfunction) form or for acquired alopecia in the epidermis.

Acquired Alopecia:

The hair loss results from changes of the follicle, moreover the causes are often unknown. It is stopped nevertheless of the hair cycle with following alopecia. To this appearance alopecia belong as reaction to sex hormons, growth hormones, and/or in the suprarenal body formed the sex hormones, by endokrine illnesses such as hyperkortisolism or hypothyreose. A cause can be also a anti-mitotic therapy (e.g. chemotherapy, irradiation) or an infectious virus illness.

The anagene (skin metabolism) growth phase of the hair is interrupted, from which the formation of abnormal hair results, after the dystrophycal changes are not compatible with normal hair stature come it as required within days to the hair loss. The diagnosis can be only placed under statement of the preceding disturbances, the clinical symptoms. A skinbiopsie is only by diagnostic value if it is made before total hair loss adjusts itself.

After treatment or healing of the causal illness completely the hair loss is in most cases reparable, the hair regenerates again Why thus it came to the suspicion on a Colour mutation alopecia to the hair loss with these three puppies in the throw, which the Alopecia exhibited partly totally, partly in parts within few days, beginning starting from the fourth week. Only due to the hair and skin color?

The clinical picture seemed to interpret into other directions, after all means demands over two years with the breeder concerned I got the information suddenly that only two of the three puppies concerned were put to sleep Chensi, which the third lives - has full hair, healthy skin. What had happened? The findings or diagnoses could not be correct!

Chensi perfectlyhealthier, more life-merrily & more vitally Do Khyi

Minutes of a wrong diagnosis !

In the meantime I had the possibility all the biopsi reports of sighting laboratory values of the blood and diagnoses. The result was funny, if it were not nevertheless so sad. Two independently working laboratories came to two different diagnoses. In a case even a laboratory with two different findings at two puppies so of the litter strongly concerned.

The clinical observations, the occurrence of the alopecia in the fourth week seemed to interpret on one " black hair dilution alopezie ". The grey skin, the damage of the hair follicles on one " color dilution alopecia " The changes in the epidermis were called even in a report " follikular dysplasia " - a flexible term!

The blood investigations on hypo thyreoid disease and liver values did not result in findings. Leukocytes were not counted out only at all, were determined just as few the hormone mirror.

Showed me the available laboratory results for all puppies from the throw (black & tan all were without findings), in particular for the " grey ones " concerned at that time, always recurring biopsi material and blood-took with the result that from the beginning only into one, due to the skin color assumed direction was looked for. Actual medical clarifying and treatment were omitted.

In the second consideration that three puppies from this throw at the age got sick between 11 and 12 weeks heavily, everything is noticeable to throw history at the same age, the same symptoms, which had same lethargy and all three at far apart lying places the same, very rare virus illness, which could be healed completely by means of treatment with special antibiotics (with all three did not seize the antibiotics given first) .

They could have bring along this only from the breed place. Why only did the three grey hair changes show? It is assumed from research side that genetically " blue " (grey) phenotypes are more susceptible in the immune defense. In this available case the skin metabolism was mixed up strongly by the virus illness, then it could come to these hair losses, excessive skin growth and directly beside it the dismantling of skin cells.

With this case however it was remarkable that one of the pathological institutes stated very large interest in this new, alopecia-occures which can not be assigned for further research.

In a clarifying telephone discussion, confronted with the fact that one " blue " animals concerned and of the genetic from the throw still lives today,

without clinical findings and perfectly from an assumed, irreparably genetic diagnosis recovered, explained to me Dr. Bomhard, Munich that he sees only material bio psi samples and not the clinical picture as a pathologist. For the Biopsi material however unfortunately only ignited follicles had been taken.

Only due to the " grey " skin color there pulled here the suspicion of one perhaps " hereditare " illness of colour mutation on the no longer existing hair !

A true clarifying of the cause never took place, in this direction one had not searched! Two puppies were put to sleep, a breed dog was castrated; the breed given up. Fortunately on operation of the animal lady doctor an inspired owner was, which took up a grey puppie despite the dark prognosis

Chensi lives! All hair had again regenerated within 3 weeks. It became with skin and hair a healthy, pretty Do Khyi girl, who the veterinarian only saw to the inoculation dates, for healing the virus illness completely in the 12. week of life and for castration. Chensi is the alive proof of a wrong diagnosis; a miscarriage of justice over the so short life of Chang po and Candra.

A "setback"on oldDutch blood lines -white edges of ear

Chensi a "grey & tan"Do Khyi - Girl.....who did not see it from birth it would not believe !

Sources: Vanderlip, dog breed therapy genetics for therapy genetics Stefanie Peter, Haut and Haarkleid with the dog Sue Paterson, skin diseases of the dog and the cat Clay/tone Willemse, clinical Dermatologie Dr. vet. Bergler, Parasitologe, dermatologist

Author Ruth Reheuser 04/2001

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The dream

In the year 1966 the king of Nepal was unconsciously responsible for the fact that the Do Khyi was protected extermination.

Its airplane had been chartered around four American trekker with Lukla to take up at the foot of the Mount Everest. By the refusal its airplane to use, forced he the trekker at the 12,000 foot runway lain highly over night to kampieren. One of the four Americans was I.

In this evening a further American, Donald Messerschmidt, a former peace corps friedenskorps-Freiwilliger was just as stranded in Nepal, Don informed at the American school in Kathmandu. This night on the mountain talked we, Don and I, over the DO Khyi and the reasons for its threatened future in Nepal and Tibet.

These dogs were already rarely - so rare that one could find them exclusive in remote villages on distant mountains. We knew which around the dangers the few survivors opposite dog stood.

After the Chinese assumption Tibets 1959 were closed the borders between Tibet and the remaining world, not one dog could be kept direct more from Tibet.

We had heard rumors that the Chinese had destroyed deliberately all Tibetan dogs Additionally many hirten of the mountains from the aminal husbandry changed to the cultivation of rice in the low country and needed the large dogs no longer. Finally new roads opened, in former times most remote ranges of Nepal. Dealers and tourists would bring other dogs in, which would mix themselves with the few, remaining DO Khyi

We were surprised which, as much to be done would have around this legendary and very special animal extinction to protect. We knew that, if we should undertake no positive steps now into a few years no pure DO Khyi more would exist.

Tonja, Do Khyi bitch in England * 02/1933The picture also today still certification for the type of the original Do Khyi from the origin country Tibet

through the Second World War all traces went these dogs, as well as the breed at that time lost.

Many years before, before I went to 1966 to Nepal had I a photography of Tonja seen. The classical photography was shown by a Do Khyi, in most dog books. I had fallen in love with the dog in the illustration and dreamed about it a daily DO a Khyi in reality to see. This to carry out to see one seemed an impossible dream to be, after Tonja's father and nut/mother were brought to years from Tibet into the late 1920-er to England. I did not expect that any of it existed still.

Later in Nepal, Tibetan friends said to me that Tonja came apparently in their type the DO Khyi in their homeland next, as far as they remembered. It became my ideal for the genuine DO Khyi. How does one begin to fulfill the search around itself a dream, born at the night on a lonely, high mountain in the Himalaya? I wrote everyone from which I meant it could able be me to help. I sought out each leading person and wrote large quantities of letters. I followed everyone that me to my dream to lead could.

It needed to save more than two decades of the birth of my desire around to the legendary DO Khyi.

Before twenty years I felt that I a holy promise, which DO Khyi for the people Tibets had given to receive. I wanted to guarantee that humans

Tibets if it once their independence from China to recover, their historical awake dogs would regain, in order to lead both together, if they finally return to their homeland.

Jumla´s Kalu of Jumla, "Kalu"owner: Ann Rohrer

Founder and master father of the "Langtang" linewhich today over Yidam Akbar & Ambanto find in almost any geneological table in Europe is, likewise in each Pedigree in America !

I have myself frequently in demand whether I my strong interest and my devotion for the DO Khyi would have maintained, would have I from the difficulties known on which I during the introduction of a new race in the United States would push. I have however no doubts if I these beautiful animals regard.

My luck was to be known as one first their intelligent and singular personality I think of all the marvelous people which I because of these dogs met. There are many friends those means dream divided, whose unrestricted support during are enough, lean years as it seemed we would be the none to secure in the interest of these excellent mountain dogs of the Himalaya.

Our life enriched by the Do Khyi which we to have met and know. My goal was to be waked it an interest in this legendary race. Now there are engaged breeders in the United States and Europe, which breed healthy dogs of good type and temper. It was worth the whole efforts.

Of us to call or breed lucky enough this bezaubernden dog its own, from the people Tibets received a gift. For centuries and estimated they nourished their DO Khyi. Now this legacy is to be retained at us.

Ann Rohrer, from " The legendary Guardian OF Himalaya, the Tibet Mastiff " 1989

Ann Rohrer died in this year at the age of 85 years Translation into German without guarantee, Ruth deer user 12/2000

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The Devotion of a Mongrel

I HAVE kept many dogs in my time•large dogs, small ones, dogs of various colours and breeds. I have been fond of them all, and 1 believe they have been fond of me, for I think I am correct in saying that when dogs receive

affection they answer with affection more than almost any other animal. There was one dog, however, whose devotion to me was so strange, and so instantaneous, and I came by him in such a curious way, that I feel the story may be of interest.

I was stationed at Jodhpur, Rajputana, India, at the time, and it happened towards the end ofjune just before the monsoon was due to break, and when the intensely hot and unpleasant summer weather was at its peak. At that time the sun is seldom visible, for a pall of heavy grey cloud hangs over the countryside, obscuring it. The lack of sun in no way diminishes the fierce heat. In fact, it

increases it, and the atmosphere becomes dank, breathless and oppressive. One longs for the heavy blanket of cloud to be lifted, but, above all, one longs for the cloud to burst so that the rain will come down in a torrent, as will happen

at the commencement of the monsoon. But day after day the dense mass of cloud hangs motionless in the sky, and one wonders if relief is ever going to come.

It is the season of violent dust•storms in the desert State of Jodhpur and throughout Rajputana. These dust•storms bring some measure of relief when they have passed and the dust has settled down, but, at the time, they are most unpleasant, and can be almost terrifying. The

storm can be seen approaching from a great distance, and my Indian servants would then come into the house to warn me and to close all windows and doors. It shows as a dark mass on the horizon, which increases in size as it approaches. The branches of the trees and bushes, which, until then, have been utterly motionless, bend to a wind which quickly increases in strength. The sky becomes completely overcast, and a darkness, as of night, descends, while the wind, increasing in fury, lashes everything in its way.

One afternoon I was sitting in my study trying to write some letters, while a particularly severe dust•storm raged outside. Although an electric fan whirled over my head, the heat in that room, with all the doors and windows of the house closed, was more oppressive than I can possibly describe. I heard a sound of wailing outside the door of my study, which led on to a verandah, and this, for a time, I took to be the whining of the wind. However, the wailing persisted, and it sounded so human that I felt I simply could not continue to sit in that room without trying to find out if some poor soul might be cowering in the verandah from the fury of the storm. I felt compelled to open the door a little bit and peep outside. As I did so, I was nearly thrown back into the room by the great force of the wind. For a few seconds I peered into the darkness beyond me, but saw no sign of anyone. Suddenly I felt something push past my leg and dash into the room. I slammed the door and looked round to see who the intruder might be. There, in the middle of the room, sat an unkempt, rough•haired, black and tan dog. He sat there just looking up into my face, with eyes that can only

be described as beseeching, wagging his tail violently and wriggling his thin body to and fro in the most amazing way. As I gazed at him, he lay down, rolled over on his back, and continued to wag his tail. Then, he turned over, and squirming along the ground towards me, he

lay at my feet, looking up at me. The expression in his eyes and his whole demeanour were clearly meant to express gratitude for being allowed to come inside out of the storm, and, also, to show his complete trust in me. He appeared to be in no way afraid of me, butjust asked to be allowed to stay.

What breed of dog was he? Well, he was nothing more than a mongrel, a pariah dog, or, to use the usual Indian expression, a pi•dog. One saw hundreds of such dogs, wandering through the streets of the Indian 'bazar', picking up scraps here and there, half starved, and continually quarrelling, belonging to no one in particular, and of no known ancestry•just outcasts in the dog world. However, although this small dog was, unmistakably, a mongrel, and, in all probability, could boast no owner, he was different from the others in that he craved affection and could, apparently, put his trust in man. The pi•dog in India, never receiving affection, is seldom prepared to be affectionate; the hand of man must appear to him to be against him, so he usually dislikes mankind and is afraid of human beings, and he shows this dislike and timidity in a variety of ways.

Although the tousled, matted hair hid the actual symmetry of his body, there was no doubt that the little dog was dreadfully thin, so that the first thing I decided to do was to give him some food. Seldom have I seen a dog enjoy a meal more. He ate it, of course, too fast. Possibly his past experience in the Indian 'bazar' had taught him to eat

anything as quickly as possible before some other pi•dog could rush up and snatch it from him. Then he sat licking his lips and occasionally making some rather indelicate gurgling noises, looking up at me with eyes that surely expressed thanks a thousand times.

The question then was what to do with him. Although some of the dogs I had owned previously had not been canine aristocrats, and

some, at least, had been crossbreeds, I had never kept an out•and•out pi•dog such as this, and 1 was a trifle scared that he might show some of the unpleasant characteristics of his kind. So when the storm had abated, 1 opened the door and pushed him out on to the verandah, thinking he would run away. However, he did nothing of the kind. He just sat there, looking up at me, wagging his tail and clearly asking to be allowed to go inside again. This decided me to keep him for a day or two, and then have him taken to the Indian 'bazar' and left there, so he came in again, and lay down quietly by my side, as I finished off my letters.

From then on, he simply would not leave me. He followed me wherever I went in the house, and if I sat down, he lay at my feet, seemingly completely content. As he was incredibly dirty, I ordered the servant, known as a 'sweeper' (who, in India, by reason of his low caste, normally looks after any dogs in the house, in addition to his other duties) to take him away and give him a bath. He went most reluctantly, and shortly afterwards, on hearing a series of howls, I went out to see what was happening. There was no doubt that he objected strongly to the unaccustomed bath. The 'sweeper' was having great difficulty with him, as he was wriggling and twisting in an attempt to escape, and at the same time making the most pitiful howls. Seeing this, I decided to lend a hand, and bent down towards him. Immediately, he ceased wriggling and stood stock still while I washed him thoroughly and then rubbed him down.

Wherever I went in the house, he followed me. At night he was led away to sleep in the 'sweeper's' quarters, but he escaped from there, and I heard him hammering on the front door, so I had to let him in. He slept that night, and every night he was with me, on the ground alongside my bed, and lay quietly there until it was time for me to get up. He would even wait outside my bathroom while I had my bath. I

used to leave him behind in the house when I went to the office, and I would find him in the hall waiting to give me a rapturous welcome. The servants told me he would invariably lie there the whole time I was away.

So time passed, and his utter devotion, which almost amounted to worship, never abated in the slightest. He was quite pleasant to other people, and did not snap or bark at them on their approach, but it was quite apparent that all his affection was lavished on me, and there was nothing left for anyone else. He very soon became house•trained and, after the first few days, I had no trouble with him in that respect.

He had been with me for about three months, when he commenced to do something which eventually led to my having to part with him. After dark, he would leave the house and sit in the drive outside uttering the most melancholy howls. 1 believe he required a mate, but, not wishing to leave the precincts of my house, he might have thought that his howls would attract one. I understand that this is a characteristic of the wild dog, but I am not sure about this. Night after night he would go out and howl. My neighbours objected strongly to the noise he made, and told me so in no uncertain measure. It got on my nerves, too, and I realized that if it continued I would have to send him away.

I was commanding an Indian State Army at the time, and one of my Indian officers, whose home was in a village in the north of the State, was particularly anxious to have him, as he owned a large flock of sheep, and, noting his intelligence and devotion, was confident that he would make an admirable sheep•dog. As it seemed impossible to break him of the annoying habit of howling at night, and, in addition, owing to my having to be away a good deal on tour, I gave him with very much regret to the officer.

I took him down to the railway station, and when I said good•bye to him in the brake•van of the train which was to carry him North, he pushed his small nose through the bars of his wooden kennel and whined piteously. I felt an awful brute sending him away like that, and 1 am sure he could not understand the reason, for he had given me his love unfailingly, and that was all he had to give.

I heard later that he became most useful as a sheep•dog and was liked by all in the village. 1 shall never forget him, nor do I believe will he ever forget me.



About the Domestication until today

From the first dog to the shepherd dog and herd protection dog

The Do Khyi as ancestor of all herd protection dogs?

The theory, the Pyrenees mountain dog - like all remaining herd protection dogs - descends from the Tibetan herd protection dog (falsely Tibet Mastiff called), is still now and then to be read. Them were at the end 19. century spreads, and it is fully unfolded in Oskar Albrechts work " for the oldest history of the dog. Studies for the history of its taming, spreading and race arrangement " (Munich 1903), whereby Albrecht already very exactly differentiates between the Tibetan herd protection dog and the inhabitants Tibets:

So that that Tibet is certain as output country of our dog, it is not at the same time proven that the Tibetan people designated in such a way by us (or Tibetans) is its domesticator (...); if we outgoing from the west linguistically the trace of the Tibetdogs with the drawidian peoples sitting at the west and south border of Tibet to stop see, nevertheless probably these peoples would be applicable for his domestikation also.

Today one makes no longer the trouble of this intelligent differentiation and identifies themselves the Tibetdog and the place of its emergence with the place of its current stay.

Yak - at the foot of the mount Chomolungma(Mount Everest-massiv from Tibetan side)

With this reduced theory one however dependent to make on the time of the domestikation of the Yaks, centralasiatic game cattle, which occurred in the ice age in north Siberia, during it in the neolithikum still from the Afghan part of the mountains of Pamir is proven by a rock design, which represents a hunt scene with a Yak. The dark-brown to black Yak is optimally adapted to the life in 4.000 to 6,000 m height. The body size of this game cattle is remarkable: Yakbulls reach a height in shoulder from 67 to 83 inches and bodymass from 1474 to 2679 pounds, while the cows become heavy a height of 57 to 63 inches and only 804 to 938 pounds. The Yak-cows with its calves lives usually together in large herds, the bulls is rather loners or unites in small groups. During some researchers the houseyak keep for just as old as the house cattle, assume others that only admits become from house cattle in inside Asia the impact the Yakdomestication gave So far oldest vouchers were found in the Orchon caves in that Mongolia and dated on the 2000 B.C.. Time beginning and determination of these finds are however doubtful.

Yaks, sheep, horses threatened by bear, tiger, snow leopard protects - In the middle of rhight by Do Khyi`stapestry from a Gönkhang, Tibet centrically - Lion dogs - stylized

One imagines domestication in such a way that young yaks, whose dams were hunted with the hunt were caught and integrated into the cattle herd One can naturally not completely exclude a taming of wild yaks, but the bull-combatsimilar scenes on wall paintings ain Catal Hueyuek let appear a catching and taming of game cattle as a not completely harmless affair, how Cauvin paints with satisfaction: In order as many more difficult catching and taming must be adults Yak cows there not to talk about the enormous bulls at all. So one can assume the Yak probably only starting from the 2000 B.C. is domesticated, on the southern side of the Himalaya, because the natural salt

occurrences are very small here and by it the dependence of the young Yak held in shank on humans still faster to be reached were

Here now the second "mistake" theorie over the ancestor shank of the large Tibetan dog:

The "descending theory" after Studer,therefore the Do Khyi it should be master father of all Molossides - and mastifflike dogs race.On the basis of modern Kynological criteria these theories not durable already are around 1870 to 1935 these were already violently disputed.Therefore these "legends" keep themselves persistent nevertheless are copied again and again !

Now if all other herd protection dogs should descend from the Tibetan herd protection dog, then the hirten could have defended good 6,000 years long their sheep -, goat and cattle herds alone and successfully against booty grip arms. If this had succeeded to them during this long period for what would have they then still another herd protection dog required?

Now it would be unfair to make the existence of the Tibetan herd protection dog dependent only on the Yak it already well wooled goats protected, before it was bred for the Yak in the larger variant, but it is proven that goats came first in the triangle North Iran North Irak Anatolien Syria domesticated and probably only -4000 over Iran into the Indus valley and to Nepal. Then (somewhat smaller) the prototype of the Tibetan herd protection dog might probably have come with the domesticated goats to Nepal and into the Himalaya massif in the broader sense. This consideration supported of Albrechts linguistic reference that the baskian name for dog txakurra (speak tchakurra) does not have any correspondence in indogermanic languages, probably however in Drawidi: In the languages of those small, absent-minded drawidic people remainders, in with difficulty accessible mountains and on climatically only them affirmative

highlands to today their existence periods, the baskian meets us chakurra again. We meet it in the Tamil, Malayalam, Kanaresi and as kukurra, in nepali bengalian idiom such as Darhi, Denwar, Kocch and in the south Indian Chensu as kukur, in the Telugu as kukka, whereby it is to be noticed that this in most of the aforementioned languages at the same time the only, for the dog at all occurring designation is. Therefore is also (...) in the oldest arian (i.e. indogermanic; Note: J.M.) language of India, in the Sanscrit, to regard beside svan and bhasaka still occurring kukurra as borrowing from the front India. We receive thus to the original indogermanic svan due to liguistic documents a dog taken by the Indian from the drawidian primitive culture into the asiatic branch of the indogermanian culture area kukkura.

If one grasps the circulation area of the dog designation kukkura, then it turns out that she coincides with the geographical spreading district of a dog, that the modern cynologists as the dog of Tibet (Tibethund) responds (Albrecht, 17-18).

The Tibetan highcountry wuth Transhimalaya and massiv of Himalaya.....the bright part is the today´s autonomous region Tibet, on the top right those the highplateau of Amdo & Cham.

The drawidian peoples precede indeed it displacing indoeuroean peoples, and these spatially as temporally, thus in the literal sense, because them are like the Basques also after the serologic results and evaluations of Cavalli Sforza among other things. Aborigines of its region, it are like the Basques from over - 100,000 Cro Magnon trunks immigrating from Africa to Arabia developed and have themselves from the total's group moving on the Sinai Anatolien axle discharged by Anatolien or the north Iraq to the east toward Iran and India, while the pro ton Basques occupied the southern edge of Europe.

The indogermanian peoples, who are the Drawiden into inhospitable peripheral

areas back urge a part of the entire indoeuropean spectrum. It mentioned by Albrecht svan group in accordance with the basic designation for dog. This group covers the southeast Indogermania, Indian, Iranier, spreads however up to the littauan group, is in Littaui and in the language of the Origin germanic of people standing next, European of all, the Letten, receive as well as in the old Prussian, while with (...) the Origin homeland later leaving Slaves advanced training of svan any longer does not occur, but but occurs another word (Albrecht, 14).

At the Tibet theory it is correct with security only that the white herd protection dog from to fauven in principle or must have developed for black or however colored dog, by expansion of the white badges. Because the " color " white is, as I state in 6.2.2.1.6 to attribute to the effectiveness of the hypostatic alleles of the s-genort: It concerns in reality a dark-colored, usually black dog, which is inundated by white. The fact that this expansion the looked for by white over to beaver soloured or outside up to pure white can reach yellow markings, knows each mountain dog breeder at the latest from its first litter. From the formerly white badges in the process of the phylogenetical development a "ground- coloure was reduced " during the former basic colour (Fauve or black and/or-grey) to few badges

Also because of these genetic factors the Tibetan herd protection dog cannot come in question as an ancestor gentleman of all different Herd protection dogs: It is mostly black with tan badges, with which it is homozygot for the aggressivest rezessive allele of the A-series and in the best way adapted to the Yak color. Only by a crossing then still different colors could develop.

Inferred out: Pyrenees shepherd dogs, volume 1 authors: Josef Mueller, Udo Kopernik, Claudia Mueller, with friendly permission of Mr. Kopernik, Club Berger of the Pyrenees (CBP) registered association

Second selection:

Surely the thesis of the Do Khyi is would be the ancestor of all herd protection dogs as well as that today as molossoid races designated heavy mastifflike dog races likewise by Dr. Hans Raeber disproves, yet this theory holds itself which in 19. Century already violently disputed was also today still persistent, again and again is copied and reprinted. We should de-mystify the Do Khyi finally and protect its " treasures " to discover.

We should analyze and discover that the Do Khyi in its " retreat area ", the Tibetan high country, the remote, unattainable valleys, for lack of further needs of the " development " in a high-specialized, inhospitable habitat for humans and animal not required. It remained us with the Do Khyi a very original dog impact, which probably already since the beginning of its " propagation " and " use " rather invariably in natures, behavior and outside appearance us a certification puts down over living together into for a long time past times, between humans and dog.


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Date: Sun, 22 July 2001 13:57:19 +0200 Of: Gerald support) On: ruth.reheuser@t online.de

Dear Mrs. Reheuser, To your question concerning our first contact with Do Khyi: We were 1990 in a monastery in Nepal and there had the monks 2 DO Khyi, a brown and a black. Much imposant associate, but did not appear them us not complicated only reverence ordering. As it in the west one describes, that dog would have one the strange visitors to only present to etc. I these dogs did not experience. No humans presented us, were we approx. 27 students from all world, went around 10 days long on the monastery area, ran by several times daily the dogs the small stairs to the monastery library. Never sign of stranger hostileness showed. Further I believe that those owner mostly know perhaps too little about the eating habits of the Tibetan people. To get the fact that meat is to be found only very much, very rare, meant probably for the dogs a meal based on barley flour. Or perhaps groats of the same. Then still butter is available.Did you ate already times Tsampa the Tibetan main court? It tastes fine, appears to us first strangely however roasted barley flour with buttertea and also times a few dried fruits and seasonally vegetables is staple-food of the Tibetan people. Whereby in the high country the life is naturally more meager and in the regions lain more deeply variety at fruit and vegetable can come to it. But with flour and butter the caravan pulls.

Correct feeding - the half health?

... the Do Khyi and its nutrition

in order to understand as Europeans the simple rules of correct feeding of the Do Khyi, one should have knowledge of the food in Tibet.

It is so simple!

Barley

Still mainly in Tibet as grain the fast maturing barley is cultivated (120 days), here a special high land barley which at values of 3700 m (!) prospers, in very favorable situations also rice, peas and different leguminous plants. The barley covers 40 % of the carbohydrate supply in the population nevertheless. The barley is made by means of to roast in hot sand, germ-unable and leaves themselves in such a way make durable for a very long time. The roasted final product is designated as Tsampa and consists of the whole grain including the surrounding covering. To Europeans the benefit of Tsampa is not recommended, after despite sifting the sand out nevertheless rough sand parts and small little quarry pieces remain in it, it is one would like a complete dentures reorganization to risk.

The high land barley is the protein-poorest grain places, contains not adhesive and cannot be converted thus to bread, is however much mineral material and rich in vitamins. The Tsampa, by the each Tibetan a pouch fully with itself leads grindet and stirred into soups, Yoghurt however into buttertea in a lump is usually eaten. This happens predominantly with the fingers (agitate and eat).

Milk and milk products

A majority of the Tibetan high country is rough, unfruitable grass country, grass-quilts. Here e.g. in the Changtang or also Amdo humans live as nomads and pull with their cattle, the Tibetan goats, sheep and over 3000 m., the Yaks over the grass country. The Do Khyi is the dog of the nomadic hirten. Primarily humans of milk products live such as yoghurt, cheese and the most important component of the milk, the butter.

A Yakcow gives straight 2 Ltr. milk on the day, which is a little similar however in its condition of the cow's milk in our degrees of latitude. The milk of the Yak is extremely fat content (up to 65% fat). Similarly to that also the fat content of sheep and goat milk, the milk production behaves is just as small however very fat content. The protein content (milk protein) is lower. The butter of the Yakmilk becomes related burning the butter lamps, the skin care and for the buttertea of the Tibetans. Without the high fat content in the nutrition surviving would not be possible in this rough climate.

Buttertea

The Tibetan people prefers the brick tea made of China, prefers these due to its strong taste to the Indian one. Contained very many mineral materials and also vitamine, with the tea sheets long time is cooked for this fermented tea and shifted with the greasy Yakbutter. Generally a boiler is to be found fully butter tea, this becomes with salt and soda in each tent or house. The taste reminds of cream soup (if the Yakbutter is not rancid). Buttertea contains all for the human nutrition substantial mineral materials and vitamine, together with Tsampa is it a staple food.

Meat

Despite the nomadic way of life meat is not a main part in the nutrition. The faithful Tibetan will not slaughter an animal, in addition he needs around-pulling Mohammedans. Usually only one mark is slaughtered in the year to a high

holiday. The meat is cut dried predominantly in strips and kept grindet if necessary.

The nutrition of the DO Khyi and dogs

Due to the nutrition of humans described above it becomes clearly evident that the dog is generally very protein-poor nourished with the Tibetans - like evenly humans also (Hans Foerst speaks rightfully with the human nutrition of one `Diaet`). The dog is fed straight with the nomads well and receives Tsampa with sheep or goat milk. This means little protein, good fat and mineral material content, as well as all necessary vitamines. This means however at the same time a high ballast material content by the admixture of grain bowls and sand.

Meat is in the nutrition of the dogs a secondary matter, if these cannot do itself such by the catch of insects or mice grab themselves. The unique meat waste gifts at battle days in the year play a supporting part.

Tibetan nutrition of the dogs convert on Europe

Traditionally our dogs in the west were nourished until before approx. 100 years likewise with little meat, for it however the more from " kitchen wastes ". The European nourished himself however always already more protein-rich than a Tibetan. The protein portion in our nutrition rose in the today's time extremely, that during our dog nutrition also!

A Do Khyi will not in the long term stand this nutrition with up to 65% raw protein (damp fodder), its entire metabolism is to the nutrition with little protein however high in vitamines and mineral material content, with very high portion of ballast materials adapted. In this way a quite substantial dog can develop despite such " meager Diaet ". It applies to avoid thus high protein contents with finished fodder as also even prepared. This already with the puppy and growing up dog. Milk products are only in the " sour " preparation as yogurt, if necessary. To recommend cheese or quark, this however nevertheless moderately, after the milk protein content of the cow's milk is substantially higher

A good manufacture skirt fodder with maximally 23% raw protein, as well as a high portion of essential fatty acids and ballast materials is recommended this already with the raising of puppy. Do Khyi love alternation and are pleased quite over prepared fodder in the special from barley pellet and buckwheat with small portions of meat. Thistle or olive oil should not be missing here. To recommend

would be still for this the gift of oats or wheat bran.

Consequences of error feeding

In particular the too protein contents nutrition from " puppy/young dog finished fodder Large Breed " in connection with high vitamin E and calcium content provides for a too rapidly growing skeleton, with which the young Do Khyi gets joint problems and thus pain when running.

Likewise the digesting system cannot the protein materials correctly diminish and it form " fermentation arrears " in the intestine, which damage the entire digesting system in the long term irreparably, equally suffers oneself the metabolism, in particular the organs taken part in the digesting system such as liver and kidney, as well as the skin under it. The Do Khyi becomes thus ill and surely not particularly old thereby! It is nourished rather simply to be nourished a Do Khyi correctly. After it is a very good fodder-worth might thus the gift one particularly on it cut fodder, which the breeder does recommend in the long term probably also not to expensive its.

Ruth Reheuser 07/2001 Source of picture: Mustang the mysterious Kingdom of, Mira publishing house

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Copyright © by Ruth Reheuser Alle Rechte vorbehaltenStand: Sonntag, 12. August 2001

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Gyamdruk, The Do Khyi"Tomu from Tibet and other dog stories"

His name was `Gyamdruk` and he was a splendid specimen of a Do Khyi. His colour was black and tan, and above the eyes were two tan spots, which in Tibet are known as the eyes that never sleep. His coat was as soft as thick velvet and he had an outsize in legs. His head was large and noble and closely resembled that of a Newfoundland.

I write in the past sense for he died some time ago at Edinburgh, but the adventures he went through before he reached England would appear to be worth recording.

Some years ago my wife and I went on a trip to Leh, the capital of Ladakh or Lesser Tibet, seventeen marches from Srinagar, Kashmir. We were already interested in Tibetan Mastiffs as at that time we owned one which was in England and we hoped to be able to procure another of these dogs when we arrived at Ladakh. I shall forbear from giving a description of our march to Leh, as this route has often been described by writers better able to wield a pen. Suffice it to say that Ladakh is a land where rain is an unusual event, the sun shines for a great part of the year, and it is not too hot in summer; where the people are almost invariably cheerful and posses a sense of humour, and both the men and the woman are simple and attractive to look upon; where laughing and joking is a habit, and quarrels seldom occur; where there is hardly any illness and the scenery is magnificent. It sounds too good to be true, does n´t it? But if you ever get the opportunity, I should advise you to go there and see for yourself. On arrival at Leh we were disappointed to find that, although dogs of all kinds and shapes abounded, no true Do Khyi was to be seen. There were many dogs which go by the general term of `Tibetan Bhotia`- big, savage brutes which have undoubtedly a large strain of the Do Khyi in them. These animals are mostly owned by the Tibetan nomads who wander with their flocks and herds for a great part of the year over an immense, desolate region known as Chon Ton.

However, two days before we were due to start on our return journey, I was taken to the house of a rich Tibetan trader. In the course of our conversation I asked him if there was any chance of obtaining a real Do Khyi. `I have a good dog in my back yard, `he informed me, `but he is not for sale.` The trader took me outside, and there, tied by a long rope to a ring in the wall, lay a large black-and-tan dog, which, on our approach, sprang to his feet and started barking, the note of the bark being deep and muffled. He was little more than a scarecrow, emaciated in body and with a staring coat, but he was handsome and in one glance I recognized him to be of the true breed, and I was determined to posses him, if possible. He wore a red ruff round his neck like that of a Punch-and-Judy-show dog, and I was informed that all valuable dogs in Tibet wore these ruffs as a protection for the throat in the event of a fight. He was in such poor shape that it looked as if his legs were scarcely strong enough to support his body.

`No, I` m afraid I could n`t consider parting with him`, the Tibetan replied to my request. “That dog came from the village of Pempo, two marches north of Lhasa, and he was over three months on the journey here. Besides, he cost me a lot of money.”

On further inquiry, I discovered that the dog had been tied to that wall ever since he had arrived from Lhasa. For two years the poor chap had been lying there exposed to the biting wind and cold of the Ladakh winter and the heat and glare of the summer. It seemed incredible. Never once had been let off for exercise or to gambol and playas dogs are wont to do.

`But has he no water?` I asked. `Oh, he never has water,` I was informed. `He is given suttu three times a day`. And I was told that suttu was a mixture of flour and water of the consistency of porridge. As he lay there, I looked into his eyes, and in them I read that the joy of life had departed. I saw nothing there but a look of dull, hopeless despair. I pleaded and argued for the possession of him, but all to not purpose. The trader was adamant.

`No. I can´ t sell him. I must consider my name. What would other people think of me if I sold him after all the trouble I have to get him?` So with a sad heart, I returned to our camp in the lovely grounds of the Residency, and related to my wife the meeting with that poor dog.

The upshot of our conversation was that she and I sallied forth next morning on a visit to the trader, determined somehow or other to possess ourselves of the Do Khyi.

He took us out to the back yard, and the dog sprang to his feet; on this occasion not only did he bark, but, at the same time, he wagged his tail furiously, as if he had an intuition that negotiations for his release were being attempted. I glanced across at my wife and saw that look of determination on her face which, with her, usually foretells success. I was almost sorry for the trader, for I knew then that he was to part with his dog. Somehow, I believe that the man felt the same thing, because he surrendered almost immediately. `All right,` he said `you can buy the dog, but I paid a lot of money for him.`

We named a sum probably considerably more than the animal had cost, to which the owner agreed, and the dog was ours.

`he is called “Gyamdruk”,` the trader informed us. So the rope was unknotted from the ring in the wall, and gently, and rather fearfully, for we were uncertain as to how he would behave, we led Gyamdruk away. Looking somewhat bewildered, he followed us meekly and without any bother to our camp. Here matters became slightly complicated. We owned two large dogs, which had accompanied us to the journey and we were certain to resent the intrusion of a stranger into the family circle, so we decided that Gyamdruk should live with the servants for the night before our departure.

We prepared a tasty meal of meat and chupatti, and never have I seen a dog enjoy his dinner more. He just sat there afterwards licking his lips and ruminating happily on the strange turn of fortune that had come to him. Later in the day we showed him to the other dogs, but, although he wagged his tail and made a show of friendliness, this was not reciprocated by the pair, who answered him with ominous growls.

Next morning we struck camp and commenced our return journey. We had discussed the arrangements for isolating Gyamdruk from the other dogs during the march. This was necessary, as, owing to his two years` enforced idleness, he was pitifully weak, and the others could easily have killed him. We rode ahead, followed by a servant leading Gyamdruk; them came our baggage

on ponies, and last of all the other two dogs, led by one of the pony men.

There were two difficulties to be overcome, and these caused us some misgiving. Gyamdruk´s muscles were so flabby and weak that we wondered if he could carry out the necessarily long marches. When he walked his poor legs seemed to get in the way of each other. Also, he had never been below 11.000 feet above sea-level, having always lived where the air is dry and thin. It remained to be seen how he would fare on the thicker air down below. Day after day he plodded on. At the outset of each march he behaved like a puppy, but sa the day wore on he became quieter, until he relapsed into a moody silence and just walked. All the same, he stuck it manfully, and each day he appeared to become fatter and in better condition.

All went well until we arrived at Sonamarg, in the Sind Valley. It was our intention to halt there a few days to allow Gyamdruk to become acclimatized, but, on our arrival I was handed a telegram informing me that my battalion had proceeded on field service owing to unrest among the Frontier tribes and instructing me to return immediately. Bad luck, Gyamdruk!

Four marches still remained before we were to reach Srinagar, but, doing forced marches, we arrived there, hot and tired, two days later, and put up for the night at Nedou´s Hotel. Here Gyamdruk saw motor-cars and many other exciting things he had never met before, but the heat was so great and the air so thick that he took little notice of them.

Early next morning, with Gyamdruk in the back seat of our car and our servants following with the other dogs in a second car, we took the road for Abbottabad, in British India. This was such a novel experience for Gyamdruk that we had great difficulty in keeping him quiet. He parted with some of his breakfast at once and got rid of the remainder later, but even this did not subdue him. The consequence was that we arrived at Abbottabad that evening with Gyamdruk in a state of collapse.

He lay on bed and panted, with his poor heart beating at a tremendous rate. My wife forced some whisky down his throat, and this appeared to revive him to some extent. Next morning I departed to join my battalion, leaving Gyamdruk, who was still none too well, in my wife´s care. For three month he remained at Abbottabad, improving in condition every day and filling out in a remarkable way.

It was difficult to recognize him as the same dog we had taken over at Leh in August.

And then began the next stage of his existence, for we had decided to sent him to England, where fresh blood was badly needed to carry on the breed there. We arranged his passage in a P. and O. cargo ship, S.S. Bangalore, commanded by Captain Collings, whom we shall always remember with gratitude. The dog travelled to Bombay with a servant, and was met and taken to the Zoo. Here he remained for three days, until the vessel was ready to receive him.

I heard from Captain Collings to say that all care would be taken of Gyamdruk and that, since he would feel the heat, he was being kept in the coolest part on the ship. Letters came from Aden and Port Said informing me that the dog was standing the voyage well and he had endeared himself to all. The great journey was practically over.

He arrived in England safely and was accommodated in the Hackbridge Kennels for the quarantine period. As we were still in India, we sent him on his release from Hackbridge, to Whipsnade, where he was treated as a pet and was well looked after by Mrs. Bates, the head keeper, who also owned one of these dogs. I understand that he came in for much administration there from the many visitors to the Zoo who peered at him through the bars of his run, and that, to judge by the wagging of his tail, he appeared to appreciate the notice taken of him. While at Whipsnade he was mated once to a Do Khyi bitch, and I think I am correct in saying that all the Do Khyi now in England, about thirty of them, are either his children, grandchildren or Great-grandchildren.

He was sent later to Edinburgh but to our great grief he died there following an operation on an abscess. He was a most docile, affectionate and lovable creature who never wanted to pick a quarrel with any other dog or man, which entirely belied the reputation for savagery with which some of these dogs appear to have been labelled.

The Do Khyi resembles the Newfoundland in built and shape, but is slightly smaller and a great deal more active. He carries a very heavy coat, and is either black and tan or red in colour. He has a thick, bushy tail which he carries curled over his back and tremendous bone. Some of them have the peculiarity of a well-formed double clew claw on the hind leg which many possibly have been a provision of nature in past ages to help them over ice and snow. It is a very ancient breed, and it would appear possible, almost probable, that all the big, heavy dogs of today, such as the Newfoundland, St. Bernard, etc., originated from the Do Khyi.

The Tibetans, who own true-bred Do Khyi, do not easily part with them, so that unless one penetrates into Tibet, a matter of great difficulty, it is almost impossible to obtain true specimens of the breed in the East. It is a curious fact that the Tibetans, on the whole, are a peaceful, kind people, and great dog lovers. They do not appear to consider that the more or less permanent chaining of their watchdogs to walls is cruel. Most large houses and the monasteries there have one or two Do Khyi chained up near the entrance, and never let loose. When a stranger approaches, they bark savagely and strain with all their might at their chains in an effort to get at what they must think is an intruder. It is, as I say, a curious fact as the Tibetans are not a cruel people. They would appear to look on a chained dog as a piece of household furniture and do not think on the cruel side of it. They do not seem to realize that the dog, if well trained, could do its work just as well, possibly better, unchained.

As it is, the Do Khyi, perpetually tied up from puppyhood, have been intentionally trained to be savage. In fact, the value of the dog there might be said to count from the degree of ist is ferocity.

The Do Khyi is not an inherently savage dog, as will, I think, be borne out by owners of Do Khyi in this country. I believe I am correct in stating that all, or nearly all, The Do Khyis either brought to this country or bred here, have been entirely reliable, most affectionate, and with a charming mentality. Besides which, they possess both great beauty and intelligence.

There are only a few of these dogs in England now and they are becoming rather inbred, so it is hoped that some arrangement can be made to bring from Tibet another Do Khyi to help to stabilize this noble and ancient breed over there.

Comment: In the year 1875 the first Do Khyi is imported from Tibet to England, Europe. About the year 1928 exists a breedin program with Mrs. Irma Bailey in the Zoo of Whipsnade wich is lead over by Mr. Phillip Bates at ca. 1932. Gyamdruk was one of the first dogs of them. After 1945 there is lost the trace of the Whipsnade Do Khyi. It is a great pity that this genealogical tree die out, it was the first and only in western world, from original Tibetan Do Khyi foundet breeding stock. The first litter in Europe and western world was born in 12. February 1898 with Mr. Heck at the Zoo in Berlin, even this stock ist lost and die out in the desolate times before the First World War.

Author: Sir Ronald Cardew Duncan, from "Tomu from Tibet and other dog stories"Methuen & Co.LTD.London, printed 1950

Translation in German language without guaeantee: Ruth Reheuser 08/2001

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DO Khyi - Himalaya - Show in 3000 m. height

Author: Hedy Nouc`, UR 1980

It was already `worth a journey`, my small expedition in the Himalaya in the May of this yearly: The jumbo jet brought us into a New Delhi, where the mercury column varied between 44-48 degrees. Then it goes with a smaller machine after Amritsar, the city of the `Goldenen temple`. Also here the same, high temperatures. Of Amritsar with the passenger car approx. 250 km to Palampur. Indian traffic conditions are like that that this distance is not to be mastered under 6-7,5 hours. However two flat tyres had to be gotten over and that are also not amazing, since the roads are covered with hoof nails among other things. In India left-hand traffic - however only in critical situations - is, otherwise and drives everything goes in the center of the road. That can be done thus in such a way before itself that e.g. two passenger cars come to meet themselves frontally, in order to then evade in last second hair sharp. The pedestrians do not behave the cars and penalties opposite differently. A nerve-killing play from European view.

With the arrival in Palampur one feels first drawing a deep breath the moderate temperatures. The Himalaya visibly moves closer and the wooded region works doing good. At the foot of the Himalaya the village `Bir`. Here a settlement of Tibetan refugees is at the mountain-slope. There is the `martial ' Khampas, which formed the escort protection, when the Dalai Lama from Lhasa fled. For Indian conditions are here relatively good house and housing conditions. A temple with considerable inventory, a monastery school with numerous pupils, a carpet manufacatory and the first Lhasa Apsos. The friendly abbott permitted a photographing within the temple. In the carpet manufacture Indian girls were informed, the wages for all day long in the carpet production are 4 Rupees = 1.00 DM (0,40 $). The quality of the Lhasa Apsos was not under any circumstances good. From it that the hair dress was poor, black nose sponges and dark eyes a rarity were completely apart.

I saw a really good Lhasa Apso during my entire India journey only in the residence of the Dalai Lama in Dharamsala. Completely bright Apsos with strong lack of pigment and others with brown complex were prevailing. In Bir

neither Tibet Terrier nor Tibet Spaniel still Do Khyi were to be found. The Tibetan refugees, who integrated themselves quite well in India, are friendly and industrious humans and have also more sense for cleanliness and a certain order e.g.. Common kitchen for the old persons.

The show of the Do Khyi in the Himalaya in 3000 m. height, the first event of this kind, took place some days later. The Indian animal protection authority had given not only its permission for it, but also for the owner of the best male and the best bitch per a living merino - ram to had donated. A precious gift for hirten, who can improve the quality of their herd then with this dam a herd, which is nearly always accompanied by one or more Do Khyi. The Do Khyi do not have there the same function, which here a shepherd dog has, but they are more protection dog against the bears and leopards.

In order to steer a large part of the herds with their lift by the mountain valley, in which our posts - show was planned, already attractive prize had to be ordered. Posters in `Hindi`, the Indian national language, were attached to appropriate places and referred over newspaper and radio to this event. The idea for this came from a German living in India, which is since 2 years owners of a Do Khyi bitch. We were now very strained, as many DO Khyi would appear themselves, because our well-known system of the previous registration cannot be practiced in the Himalaya.

Source of picture: Tibetan dogs, author Winfried Nouc`

From Palampur it went then with three jeeps into the mountains: Representative of the Indian animal protection authority, German engineers,

Indian drivers, Indian carriers and our Indian servant that at the same time were also our cook. After 1,5 hours our team became larger; still load animals were added. Then we screwed ourselves further uphill. Over approx. 25 km double bends we needed further 2 hours of travel. For us hardly conceivable, but we drove the whole time by forests, those predominantly consisted of Rhododendrentrees. High trees, which lend an overwhelming sight to this landscape during the bloom time scattered with cherry red coloured umbels. Then the last possibility of turning came for our jeeps and our 7 hours foot-walk began. We had to master still approx. 1200 m. difference in height during this time. In the center the cultivation of potato seeds ( small farm) was appropriate for the distance, whose leader and manager had contributed very much to the organization of the show. Here we made a break of an hour and regaled with tasting good for Indian tea, vegetables from large brown beans and peppered pancake. Then it goes further after Palachik, our final goal. Palachik consists of 5 stone huts. 3 of it is open and is used by pulling through hirten for the night. The two different are locked. They belong to the Indian forest administration and are intended for the overnight accomodation for forst strangers. The forest administration had given us permission for the use. In order to make our stay pleasant, these stone huts had been reconditioned before Camp beds were set up. In the separate kitchen little house prepared Jagdish, our servant and cook, the meal: Indian small sausages, Pellkartoffeln and cucumbers. During the day we had approx. 30°C in the shade, at night fell the thermometer on nearly 0°C. Despite the sleeping bags and the thick woolen cloth we froze deplorably. The next night made we then a tidy chimney fire and dressed still more warmly and then was it to be borne.

The breakfast tasted the better after such night: Bread and toastbrot, jam, breakfast meat and the good tea, for which directly with milk and sugar one prepares.

Herd of sheep Anna-Purna mountain massive, Mustang Mira publishing house

And then the first herds and it came poured only in such a way from all corners. I will be never able to forget this sight. Herds of sheep mixed with Indian and above all Tibetan goats. The herdsman with their pictorial head coverage and with each herd one to three Do Khyi. It took hours, until all were there, since on the close trampling paths progressing for the herds was only slowly possible End the conclusion we had together 42 Do Khyi; a proud result! Most black respectively Black and tan and some golden coloured, more not one in colourfault.

Many black Do Khyi embodied the `Bara Benghali Typ` in such a way specified. The predominant part of the Black and Tan's the `Bharmouri Typ` and the gold coloured `Lahauli Typ`. These 42 dogs each age now in being entitled distance bound to short posts with ropes, which manufacture the Indian women in manual work. For the herdsman it was joyful seeing again, often a meeting after many years. Some had their wives with itself. Then came 2 Tibetan families, which broke a tent open, in which it grain bags, which attached the load animals (donkeys and mules) , stacked. These grain bags bought the by-pulling herdsman, in order to prepare highly above in the mountains their Shapatti - that is pancake bread -. This men lives for months on this bread and goat milk and are slim, healthy and tough; I hardly saw a herdsman with a tooth spacing. Some carried earrings, so that they are male sex with their re-incarnation again.

Also the Do Khyi become with bread, to which highly in the mountains corn flour is mixed and goat or sheep milk nourished. None of the dogs made a weak impression or had skin problems. Strengthen scissor bites with most, with some

pincer bite however no undershot bite (jaw)! The fact that with 42 specimen all of excellent type could not be was clear. But all had a springy gait and firm straight backs. In these regions each dog, that with impairments at the spinal column would be the hip or the rear spar and would be afflicted, a death candidate.

Do Khyi "Tibetan dogs", Author: Winfried Nouc '

The herdsman with their dogs must be able themselves to move as with us the dancers on the wire rope here. We met then first once the herdsman, in order to explain to them, on which they have to respect with the far breed. Good interpreters, that translated everything on Hindi, were to us at the disposal. One of the largest problems with the breed is that nearly everything the best male is castrated. The herdsman are in most cases forced their Do Khyi - to castrate males, in order to hold them at the herd. That looked then with the show in such a way that of the 13 best males 10 were castrated.

With the list of our system of evaluation to points, which we had gained due to the FCI standard, we honored the size with a particularly high point number, recalling whose that local cynologists refer again and again to it, the Do Khyi had to be large, as for instance Marco Polo it described " as a donkey ". I was the more disappointed to find here only a medium size of approx. 26 inches height in shoulder. I must say however restrictivy that the demonstrated castrated was usually hand width higher and altogether more powerful. Herein should the " giant stature " of those Do Khyi be justified, of those Asia travelers reported and in us childhood dreams aroused? The castration is made by the herdsman themselves, at a very recent age, still before the sex-ripe. The science speaks here of the " eunuchid high stature ", which results from the fact that by the

castration a delay of the epiphysis joint conclusion occurs and so that particularly the tube bones of the extremities to become longer to be able - with large astonishment I had to state that nearly all dogs made a very much composed impression, although they were tie up for hours and without presence of their owners, who had set off to a small talk. Even at the demonstration, as far as one cannot speak at all of it, since neither gentleman nor dog has a notion of " ring training ", showed it itself not aggressively and left themselves readily look in the mouth to control dentures. Only if one approached " its " herd, one had to be beware of them. I stated that apparently all animals in India even the wasp are free from attack desire and actually more tame.

But back to the exhibition: In order to win the desire-worth price one Merino-ram, the herdsman gave themselves all trouble to present their dogs in best condition. One still regarded to some Do Khyi that under an icy source of rock the dust from the skin had been washed to them briefly before. One had others, in order to simplify the care, more briefly sheared the hair. Now the evaluation began and then the addition of the achieved points. For achieving the first price was precondition that the dog could not be castrated. Thus the Merino - ram fell to a black male, which looked rather moderate compared with the castrated. The owner of the most beautiful castrated male reacted to this decision in probably internationally well-known, typically masculine kind, because it got drunk in such a way that it could not rise on the other morning and had let its grandchild with the herd proceed.

Herdsman of the Do Khyi show in the Himalaya, Hedy Nouc ', 1979 Source: Kynos publishing house

The owner of the most beautiful bitch received the second Merino - ram. The

two second Prices were staff flashlights and third Prices leather collars with linen; all luxury articles for Indian hirten. Proudly then the winners with their winner dogs, Merino - rams, staff lamps and leather collars presented themselves our cameras. Then the animals were supplied and met preparations for a parting celebration. In one of the stone huts liquor was burned and the herdsman began a drinking-bout with nonstop singing; a whole long night - on the next morning the departure and the lift began at the same time into still higher regions.

Mule caravanin, Mustang Source: Mustang, Mira publishing house

The load animals were packed, put on its foal small bells and put red ribbons to the ears. And again this captivating play, the taking off herds with their Indian sheep, the slim, shorthaired Indian goats with their long ears and the very proudly strained necks and the Tibetan goats, which I would like particularly to mention. Tibetan goats are probably with the most beautiful their kind, by their wonderful, long hair in all colors (most are however white) and their front curls. These animals achieve true balance document, which would be circus hoar frost here. They climb over branches, by which they can be carried still straight, and must be completely free from giddiness. Unfortunately one cannot introduce it at present yet with us.

Tibetan goats in the Annapurna - Area Source: Mustang, Mira publishing house

- in this connection I would like to refer to a, in my knowledge up to then unknown dog race, which pleased me unusually well. It were flockguards from the Kinnaur - area. (KyiApso)

This flockguards are so in my pleasure, that I will get a pair of them for breeding with myself over here. At first sight they look like a very large Tibet Terrier with somewhat shorter hair. The hight of shoulder lies between 20 and 24 inches. Likewise all colour-varieties of the Tibet Terriers and much nature similarity. This " Kinnauri Kutta's " (Kutta = male and Kutti = bitch) fulfills the same functions as the Do Khyi; they appeared me still even more sociable. Since we had not counted the appearance now on this race also no price for it had been suspended. 12 Kinnauri Kutta's had appeared themselves, which were amazingly even in the type and offered responding colour-varieties. Of light gold over

charcoal to Black and Tan; one did not know, what was more beautiful spontaneous I donated an interest on loan and the most beautiful pair searches out - also a Tibet Spaniel however in oversizing was at a herd. I experienced the second Tibet Spaniel - unfortunately also very bad in the type -, when I visited an Indian general.

Source of picture: Judy Steffel, KyiApso breeder Alaska

The rear walk of Palachik began on the next morning. Up to the stopping point, where our jeeps waited for us, we needed again 7 hours. We met still individual herds and could experience, how at a steep rock slope a Indian a lambkin saved erring width unit and supplied it to its distant herd again. The Indian herdsman have shrill whistles a special ability to discharge. Each herdsman has its " own " whistle, so that herd and dogs with unbelievable security orient themselves to it; likewise the herdsman among themselves, if they feast at appropriate distance with their herds. In the afternoon against 17 o'clock we reached our domicile in Palampur; the breaknecked serpentine departure was to end. Retrospectively I am surprised that not we, but the jeeps got over these adventures, because with us such vehicles stand only on the scrap iron waste dump.

.............subsequently stay in Dharamsala / north India, the exile seat of sHL Dalai Lama.

Now no iron curtain can be installed in the Himalaya at the border and who wants, can went " black " over there. There are also sufficient people monk -, which " climbs " constantly back and forth. Thus us also a monk brought of Tibet a couple of Do Khyi also, which landed well here two months ago in

Frankfurt and in-lived itself surprisingly. The male " Sindu " is from a nature sharpness, which lets the heart strike more highly; the bitch " Chechi " is calmer, but just as nerve strong and make to fear before nothing. Sindu made it -although only 7 months old- to it's duty to educate our Great Danes which succeeds to it without special effort.

Do Khyi, " Tibetan dogs" Author: Winfried Nouc '

In this connection I would like to quote from an essay, which 1977 the already over 90 years old well-known Indian cynologist Mukandi Lal published: " the today's shepherd dog of the Himalayan areas (north India) is called usually in these regions " Bhotia ", because it comes originally out " Bhot " (Tibet) and is brought still further from Tibet (Bhot) with Tibetan sheep and goats to India by people, which live the close Tibetan border and which one " calls Bhotia ". This Bhotias (humans) from the Garhwai area, which lives during the summer months into that about 100 villages to the Mana and Nito and other mountains in the proximity of the Tibetan border, came downstairs during the winter months, in order to live at different places around Channoli, which is distant 60 miles for approximately from the Tibetan border and the passports of the Mana and Niti. The paths after Tibet of the Mana and Niti (villages of the Bhotias) are so narrow that only sheep and goats can be used of the Bhotias as luggage animals. They carry bags on their back, which is filled with grain, sugar, salt and borax. These Bhotia traders bring each summer from Tibet some few longhaired and wild looking Tibetan dogs with itself to

guard their sheep and camps around. We, whom we live in Garhwai, call these dogs " Bhotias ". These Tibetan Do Khyi or Bhotiadogs in India resident and in which we with dogs will cross them, which were brought here already in former times from Tibet, and such, which were bred in the Himalaya, produce we another type of the Bhotiadogs. These dogs are inserted now use the Indian Himalaya regions for guarding the herds of sheep. Which concerns however the geneological tables, one said to me that none of the dogs in Tibet has such, although attempts were made, to breed dogs of same kind. If however a bitch is covered by a male, which it chose itself which is however not from its caste (race), that is not complained of. For these people a dog is a dog all the same, from which race or variety it may also be. That passed exactly the same, also in our country (India), where also no efforts are undertaken (except of dog lovers), in order to prevent mesalliances. Therefore India has also no special race, which is worth its own name, except the Bhotias, which are called now in addition, " Himalayan Shepdogs ". It is time that we standardize the native or native races in India, like among other things " Rampur Hounds ", " Tripuri Terriers ", " Naga Hounds ", " Sindhi Mastiffs ", " Gaddi Banjora's " and " Kombal Dogs ". One finds the Himalayan Shepdogs at the whole border of Himalaya in the east of Nepal until Ladakh and Kashmir. Their height amounts to 20 to 25 inches (51 to 64 cm) and they weigh about 50 to 60 (engl.) Pound (23 to 28 kg). They have a harsh, thick skin and their normal colors are black, Black and tan, golden coloured and cream/white ". Author: Hedy Nouc ', publication in UR 1980 With friendly permission for the publication of Mr. Winfried Nouc ' 20.7.2001

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Hip - dysplasia (HD) with the Do Khyi

Shurely it has given the Hip - dysplasia determined always with the dog, even with the ancestor of the dogs, the wolf determined HD already had itself, although in rare cases. Also today still much discussed whether HD now acquired or be left can. The hereditary course is still unclear, yet one can assume that it concerns a complex, polygenetic hereditary course, and thus is this illness in the maturing of the hip joint pan only heavily with breeding programs to get into hit. As is the case for all dog races hipdysplasia seems also with the Do Khyi. In the meantime each breed animal is examined for this illness and it only one breed permission granted with HD A (free), HD B (nearly normal) and HD C (easy HD). Also when being present a middle HD a Do Khyi, differently than other dog races, will be able to run for a long time without complaints due to its straight back, its well subordinated bending and a good muscled body. Even when being present a hereditary load the development of a HD illness can to be affected quite also by the raising and attitude conditions.

At fastly growth, heavy dog races like the Do Khyi is to be put a large attention in particular on the conscious raising in the reference to nutrition and movement. After the Do Khyi needs up to 4 years to complete straight here largest attention is necessary around in particular its bone strength and the structure of skeleton.

Tipps to the raising

Important here always it is that the Do Khyi puppy and young dog in its weight is not strained. Not chubby, but muscular should be a Do Khyi. Finally we operate no dogfeed! Before this background a purposeful, natural movement is appropriately very important to the age on natural underground. The puppy should not be kept permanent slippery underground (tiles, parquet). In the case of doubt laying out carpet runners in the dwelling is recommended. Do Khyi puppies are temperbundles and show nevertheless tiredness. For this reason it is to be paid attention

regulated play times and to it that the dog does not make excessive demands of themselves or is not made excessive demands of. All fatigue symptoms show up in soft ribbons and point to a large danger of injury The Do Khyi, also at the age of 12 months is not a suitable dog for bicycle or joggingtours. Moving routes on quite fastidious area are not however under any circumstances detrimental to its skeleton health in this age. Climb with ascending and descending just as little. We should avoid excessive jump training nevertheless with him. Too much indulgence however is likewise detrimental to its developing as a healthy dog, above all after it seems to be certain that the severity levels of HD can often lie in a disproportion from muscle growth to the skeleton growth.

A responsible breeder of the race is endeavors to limit the hereditary component to the HD during its plans for breeding if possible. This can it however only if as much as possible meaningful HD evaluations over the parents animals and their brothers and sisters to the inspection be present.

It can occur quite that the breed dog healthy hip joints has, whose brothers and sisters, parents or their brothers and sisters however all exhibit an arrangement to the HD. This hereditary component must admits to be around it to consider. For this reason is it unfortunate the fact that many owners are anyway never used by dogs " to the breed or issued ", their dogs never X-ray or however with a good or bad picture of the hip never to an evaluating place passes the evaluation on. To limit made by this omission it the breeder often very heavily to confine its breed selection in the purchase to breed healthy hips.


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Castration as solution? From the book of Pyrenees shepherd dogs

Another summit is climbed, if eternal know-it-alls with a nature-left dog want to decorate themselves, without the task to have grown at all: In the herd protection dog scene, which is controlled nowadays unfortunately of a small minority loud neck, which does not have notion from breed, over breeders generally and VDH breeder and VDH in the special talks badly in principle and those above all at the line must hold a original herd protection dog from Asia, at best still the one mixes from different asiatic herd protection dog races, in this scene is considered as the means of the choice, if the dog becomes the agony, the castration. Also in respectable publications such as Sims/Dawydiak and also Strand (it seems to be an American mania) the castration and/or sterilization is in principle recommended, among other things also with the argument, it can come then not to the formation of tumors in this range. Apart from it that the opposite is not to be proven no more after sterilization and the Prophet has thus always quite, it is not always guaranteed the absorption of a dominat dog by sterilization. Guaranteed is only a lucrative profit for the castrating veterinary surgeon, without which he will do not in view of this consumer behavior.

I think nothing at all from the solution of the problem. Who wants to own itself a natural dog, which is to respect the nature of the dog completely. Who has its dog only in the " hand " (consistent hand in the velvet glove), if the dog is sterilized, the confession of its educational inability and supplies a wrong choice of race.

Now is it indeed like that that e.g. the asiatic herd protection dog races, as also the tables 1 and 2 show in addition, the Castro Laboreiro e.g.. a clearly lower threshold of sensation have than the Pyrenees mountain dog (and evenso the Do Khyi). It is to be asked then whether e.g. these dogs did not remain better, where they can settle their tasks in their biotope exzellent, instead of bringing them into our civilization, in which them are not fully utilized in principle and problems cause, which are then charged the dog holding generally

Which is.... Thyroid Dysfunktion?

with friendly permission of the DO-Khyi-club Switzerland. By Dr. J. Smeenk The thyroid with the dog consists of two organs, which lie on the left and on the right from the bronchial tube, approximately on the height of the first three to eight cartilage rings, thus closely at the larynx. The extent of these thyroid organs amounts to about 2.5 times times a centimeter with a 15 Kilo heavy dog and cannot not be erfuehlt, because they lie very deeply. The thyroid belongs to the hormone glands. Such hormone glands deliver the product produced by them immediately to the blood. Jodium is an important part of the thyroid hormone (trichloroethylene jodothyronine T3 and thyroxine T4). These hormones regulate the metabolism of all body cells. We can compare the metabolism with a burning furnace. Too if much thyroid hormone is produced, the furnace burns full Pulle. If there is too little from this hormone, he burns on low flame. With a thyroid, which does not work any longer, a lack of the thyroid hormone is in the blood. The result of it are a slowly running metabolism with a large number of diseases. Veterinary surgeons Hypothyreose call the disease picture. Changes concern both the exterior as well as the behavior. With a dog with a lack of thyroid hormones we can expect a large number of symptoms, even if all this do not have to arise at the same time. Sometimes a not so specific problem is covered, whereby the disease picture can be less clearly, even misleading. The disease picture develops slowly. Before the owner notices the fact that does not tune something often already applied months. One has the impression that the dog ages promptly. We see the symptoms rare developing the second lebensjahr ago, usually concern it animals between the second and sixth year. We find this disease picture particularly at medium sized and large races; at dwarf races Hypothyreose is a large

exception. The dog is inattentive, it is interested no longer in its environment; it sleeps much and has a bad condition. By the slow metabolism is also the koerpertemperatur increases, sometimes Fettleibigkeit even expressed. With dogs the Laeufigkeit remains out

Baldness Another remarkable symptom concerns the skin. We see a baldness particularly at the rod. The skin becomes thin by the loss of Unterwolle. The skin often shows black discoloration by strong pigmentation. The skin is drying and feels rau. Often one sees a swelling (a kind edema) of the upper lids and the scalp, whereby the dog gets a sad face expression. Also water deposits in the joints (for example knoechel), whereby the dog lahmt, are not rare.

Treatment

The treatment of a dog is a substitution therapy in such a way specified: the missing thyroid hormone must be given in the form of l-Thyroxine-tablets daily. This treatment must be continued lifelong without interruption. Such a lifelong treatment is of large importance to place the diagnosis accurately. That is done via a thyroid hormone regulation (T4) in the blood. Normally the T4-Wert is about 20 to 46 nmol/l; with Hypothyreose it is lower than 6 nmol/l. These low values can however also when other illnesses as for example Cushing syndrome, which use by Cortison, anti- Epileptika and Entzuendungshemmern are determined. Therefore it is also recommendable to take not only simply blood to accomplish but a TSH Stimulationstest in such a way specified. TSG is a thyroid-stimulating hormone, which is formed in the hypophysis a hormone gland, which is under the brain. If we squirt TSH, then the T4-Wert in the blood will rise. Also with the patients, whom for reasons, which we exhibit specified, a low T4-Wert. With dogs with " more genuinly " Hypothyreose we see however no reaction to the TSH and to the T4-Wert remain low before and after the injection. The diagnosis is then posed with considerable security. Already in the first week, in which the dog is treated with l-Thyroxine-

tablets the activity increases strongly. Differently it runs with the skin problems. These problems show only slowly improvement and seem at first to become even still worse. The hair loss increases and the skin schuppt itself strongly. But that is a good indication. The old skin cells are repelled. Approximately after one month the skin begins to regenerate. With control, which is implemented about two months later, the dog looks already again completely tidy. The recovery of the black discoloration lasts somewhat longer. After two months it can be controlled by a recent blood investigation whether the adjusted level remained constant. The predominance of the dog will automatically disappear by the increased activity like.

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Handling the Tibet Mastiff

Those of you those the Tibet Mastiff love, estimate its unusual character.

Everywhere in the Himalaya the TM served Mr. Eigentum for centuries as a guard for life and health and its. This task created a dog with a singular kind of sense and Termerament. I prefer saying that with the TM controlled strength, decision strength, courage and independence are combined. This race has a patient, loyalen and gentle character. Despite its many advantages the TM is not an ideal race for everyone.

It is necessarily that you its special characteristic understands, after this is perfectly different than at all other races. Its kind of nature to understand is very important. It is not to denials that it is a wonderful protection dog and it makes this job very seriously. You. Your family, other animals, your property, all articles within become its personal responsibility. It will protect it very violently (wildly). But it does not want to hold the intruder. It warns before it attacks....er has a beautiful, deep barking. I would not recommend its warning would ignore, he have a crude, strong bite.

You have to socialize your TM puppy ordendlich, then you help to adapt him the demand, as he faces someone if he arose. Set it large width from attractions... go to the veterinary surgeon, into whom city park makes and it with unknown one familiarly... so that it the difference between normalemn expirations and a material danger white.

The Tibet Mastiff is an intelligent, curious dog, which is luckiest if he into the family is also included. If it in the garden is accommodated is that likewise o.k. As long as spend due some hours with it, with walks and care. He is independently however needs the love of his humans, not in a dependent way, he you will not everywhere follow like it many other dogs to often do, but he wants out of the distance to know which takes place. It is very carefully in handling other animals, above all the small, if these belong to the family. With other small animals you have to make it

appropriately well-known

If your Tibeter is to become a pleasant companion, then you must from the outset find the correct clay/tone in handling it. It looks very admiration worthy (and is , but among them the heart of a Tyrannen can lie.

A straight recent TM is amazingly eigensinnig. I remember these first weeks with Zabo - there times were in which we thought we could for him make understandable never that we are the boss (it was not our first dog, we had experience with other races and dog training and in such a way knew we which wrongly and correct is during the education). Zabo is a very highranking head dog, already since the first weeks of its birth. In the weeks after we learned to be dealt as we with him should. Make here no error. He must know that you are a boss and that your arrangements may not be ignored. It varied from dog to dog as you to proceed must have.... with Zabo we energetically however affectionately to deal. Not also too - too demanding much hardness, otherwise he would become too eigensinnig. At present it is 5 years old and a very much provoking dog.

Thus please ask you before you one purchase, is it the suitable and correct race for your family. It is no dog of which into the kennel belongs, keinsfalls should it from owner to owner change, Remind you of it!

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