kvadratne formule-zavrsni rad-matematika i informatika-matematika pdf

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    3

    1. , 41.1 .................................................................................................. 4

    1.2 ........................................................................................ 5

    1.3 ............................................................................................... 8

    2. 11

    2.1 ................................................................................................... 11

    2.2 . 14

    2.2.1 ...................... ...................... ...................... .......... 14

    2.2.2 .................... ...................... ...................... .......... 15

    2.2.3 ..................... ..................... ...................... ....... 16

    2.3 - .................... 17

    2.3.1 ............................................................................................... 17

    2.3.2 .......................................................................................... 18

    2.3.3 ............................................................................................. 18

    2.4 ......... 22

    2.4.1 .............................................................................. 23

    2.4.2 ................... ...................... ...................... .............. 23

    2.4.3 ............................................................................ 24

    3. 25

    3.1.1 Nasr-Al-Din Ide ................... ...................... ...................... .............. 25

    3.1.2 ..................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ....... 26

    3.1.3 ........................................................................................... 27

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    2

    4. 29

    5. 32

    6. 33

    7. 34

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    3

    .

    , . . , ,

    , , .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    . , , , .

    .

    .

    . . ,

    - .

    , .

    [17] .

    . [10] [17]. 2, [17] 3. , , 2. [17]

    3 .

    Mathematica. ,

    [4], [7], [8], [14] [17]. .

    ,

    .

    , 2012.

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    4

    1.

    1.1

    :

    ,C a b C D ,a b D

    ,nC a b nC D n D

    kx 0 1, ,x x

    0f x , x x

    , 2,3,

    !

    j

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    j f

    11 p pk k ke Ce e ,

    lim kk

    x

    ,

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    p

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    e

    e

    , 1,2,k

    d

    p

    pEFF

    d

    * dEFF p

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    5

    1.2

    ; , ( )

    b

    aI f a b f x dx ,

    ,a b R , ,a b : ,f a b R f ,a b , f

    0

    ; ,n

    n i i

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    .

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    .

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    x iA

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    .

    ix iA 0inE x 0,...,2 1i n . .

    2. ; ,nQ f a b

    n ,f C a b

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    6

    0

    ,

    bn

    i i n

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    A f x P f x dx

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    ix , 0,1,..., ,i n

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    3. n

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    - .

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    .

    7.

    1

    1

    f x dx

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    7

    1

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    21

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    08

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    9

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    .

    9. () : ,f a b R R

    , ,x y a b

    f x f y x y

    f ,f Lip a b .

    10. 0 1, ,x x

    . 1,p

    1

    1

    lim k

    pkk

    xC

    x

    ,

    C . 1p ,

    1C .

    , 0 1, ,x x p

    C .

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    8

    .

    11. 0 1, ,x x ,

    1,p C

    0n

    1 0,

    p

    k kx C x k n

    1p , 1C .

    .

    0 1, ,x x 0 1, ,z z

    1p 2p

    . 1 2

    p p 0 1, ,x x

    0 1, ,z z .

    12.

    .

    13. 1p

    2

    p 1 2p p .

    1.3

    1. 1 ,f C a b . ,a b

    2

    1

    1

    1; ,

    2

    b n

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    .

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    1

    1

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    2

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    1

    1

    1; ,

    24

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    f x dx M f a b f x x

    .

    4.

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    9

    0 0

    1 bn n

    i j

    j ji j aj i j i

    A x x dxx x

    , 0,1,..., .i n

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    ,0

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    b a

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    00

    1

    ! !

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    j

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    n, ,a b -

    23

    0

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    nb

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    7. [14]

    1n nx x , 0,1,n ,

    . p

    , 0, 1,2, , 1j j p , 0p .

    .

    p

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    10

    !

    p

    p

    , 2,3, .

    !

    j

    j

    fC j

    j f

    ,

    Mathematica.

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    11

    2.

    2.1

    . f,

    .

    .

    f 0 0,x f x . 1x x

    f 1 1,x f x .

    0 0,x f x

    0 0 0y x f x f x x x .

    0 0f x , 1x

    0y x

    1 0 0

    0f x

    x xf x

    k

    x k ,

    1

    , 0,1,2, .k

    k

    k

    k

    f xx x k

    f x

    1k kx x ,

    f x

    x x f x

    0f x

    0f x . , 1k kx x

    .

    ( ) ,max x x a b .

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    12

    2 2

    ( ) ( )1

    ( ) ( )

    f x f x f x f x f xx

    f x f x

    2

    ( ),

    ( )

    f x f xmax x a b

    f x

    .

    , f

    0f x x . ,

    0f x .

    f

    0f x

    , f

    . f

    .

    ,

    .

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    x

    k

    x

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    k

    x 0f x , .

    .

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    f u du

    - n

    ,0

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    i

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    n

    ,

    .

    i k i k x x x ,

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    13

    i

    0,1 ,

    , 0,1, ,i

    ii n

    n .

    0 ; ,k

    x

    k k n k

    x

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    ; , 0k n kf x N f x x ,

    ,

    ,0

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    kk n i i

    i

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    n

    .

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    n n

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    .

    x 1kx ,

    0f x

    1

    , 1

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    k k n

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    n

    .

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    1

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    k

    k

    f xx x k

    f x

    k

    x .

    1kx ,

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    14

    1

    ,

    0

    k

    k kn

    n i

    k

    k

    i

    k

    nf xx x

    iA f

    f x

    fn xx

    .

    , . ,

    , ,

    , .

    2.2

    2.2.1

    k

    x

    x

    f u du

    1n ka x b x .

    1 ; ,k

    x

    k k k

    x

    f u du L f x x x x f x .

    0k k kf x x x f x

    k

    k

    k

    f xx x

    f x

    ,

    ,

    1

    k

    k k

    k

    f xx x

    f x

    .

    . 2,

    *2 1, 1.4142 .2

    2EEF EEF

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    15

    2.2.2

    k

    x

    xf u du

    1n ka x b x .

    1 ; ,k

    x

    k k

    x

    f u du D f x x x x f x .

    0k kf x x x f x

    k

    k

    f xx x

    f x

    .

    x . x 1k

    x ,

    1 1

    k

    k k

    k

    f xx x

    f x

    .

    1

    ,kkk

    k

    f xx x

    f x

    1

    k

    k

    k

    k

    k kf

    f xx x

    xx

    ff

    x

    .

    2,

    * 32 , 2 1.259923

    .EEF EEF

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    16

    2.2.3

    k

    x

    xf u du

    1n ka x b x .

    1 ; ,2

    k

    x

    kk k

    x

    x xf u du M f x x x x f

    .

    02

    kk k

    x xf x x x f

    2

    k

    k

    k

    f xx x

    x xf

    .

    x . x 1kx ,

    1

    1

    2

    k

    k k

    k k

    f xx x

    x xf

    .

    1

    ,kkk

    k

    f xx x

    f x

    1

    2

    k

    k k

    k

    k

    k

    f xx x

    f xf x

    f x

    .

    [17] [2] [13]. 3,

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    17

    * 3 1.44224 .3

    1, 33

    EEF EEF

    2.3

    ,

    k

    x

    x

    f u du

    -

    1

    ,

    0

    k

    k k n

    n i

    k

    k

    i

    k

    nf xx x

    iA f

    f x

    fn xx

    .

    - , . .

    3. [2] 3. - ,

    .

    2.3.1

    1n ka x , b x , 1,0 1,11

    2A A

    1 1

    2

    k

    k k

    k

    f xx x

    f x f x

    .

    x . x 1k

    x ,

    1

    1

    1

    2

    k

    k k

    k k

    f xx x

    f x f x

    .

    1 k k

    k

    kf x

    x xf x

    1

    2k

    k k

    kk k

    k

    f xx x

    f xf x f x f x

    .

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    18

    , [1], [2], [16], [8] [17]. [17]. 3,

    * 3 1.44224 .3

    1, 3

    3

    EEF EEF

    2.3.2

    2n ka x , b x ,2 2

    ka b x x ,2,0 2,2 2,1

    1 4

    3 3A A A

    1

    2

    14

    3 2

    k

    k k

    kk

    f xx x

    x xf x f f x

    .

    x . x 1k

    x ,

    1

    11

    2

    14

    3 2

    k

    k k

    k kk k

    f xx x

    x xf x f f x

    .

    1 k

    k

    k

    kf x

    x xf x

    1

    6

    42

    k k

    k k

    k

    k

    k

    k

    k

    k

    f x f xx x

    f

    f xx

    x

    x

    f x ff x

    f

    .

    , [3]. [17]. 3,

    * 43 , 3 1.31607

    4

    .EEF EEF

    2.3.3

    [17]

    12 2

    k

    x

    kk k

    x

    x xf u du x x f f x f x

    ( ) .

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    19

    ,

    0 12 2

    k

    x

    kk k k k

    x

    x xf x f x f u du f x x x f f x f x

    2

    2 12

    k

    k

    kk

    f xx x

    x xf f x f x

    .

    1k

    x x

    1k

    x

    1

    1 1

    2

    2 1 2

    k

    k k

    k k k k

    f xx x

    x xf f x f x

    .

    1

    ,kkk

    k

    f xx x

    f x

    1

    2

    22

    1

    k

    k k

    k

    k k

    k k

    k k

    f x f xx x

    f x f

    f xx x

    f f x fx

    1

    11

    2

    2 12

    k

    k k

    k kk k

    f xx x

    x xf f x f x

    1

    .kkkk

    f xx xf x

    2 12

    2

    k k

    f x

    f xF

    fx x

    x f x xf x f

    xf f

    x

    .

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    20

    22 33 1

    , 0,4

    F F F F c c

    .

    F , 1k kx F x 3.

    8. 4f C D

    ( ) 0, .f x m x D

    0f x D 0

    0 :x D x D x

    1

    2

    22

    1

    k

    k k

    k

    k k

    k k

    k k

    f x f xx x

    f x f

    f xx x

    f f x fx

    ,

    , .

    2

    2 3

    3 1.

    4c c

    . 0f x

    D . 0f , 0 D D .

    f xx

    f x

    ( ) ,

    0 0

    f x f f xx x

    f x f f x

    x D . min ,b a . 0

    x D 1

    1,2

    f xa x b

    f x

    .

    x D

    ,2

    f x f xx x D

    f x f x

    .

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    21

    0,1q . ,6

    MF x x D .

    4( )f C D . 6

    min , , q

    M

    .

    x D D .

    F

    D 0x D

    3

    1 0 03!

    Fx F x F x

    .

    3 231 0 0 0 0

    3! 6

    F Mx x x q x x

    ,

    1x D . 0x D

    kx D , 0,1,k .

    2 1

    1 1 0

    k

    k k kx q x q x q x

    0,1q . 3 7.

    [17] 0,1 . .

    1

    2 2 2k

    x

    k kk

    x

    x x x xf u du f f x f x

    , [17],

    1

    4

    22

    k

    k k

    k k

    k k k

    k k

    f xx x

    f x f xf x f x f x

    f x f x

    .

    1

    2 .

    1 , 0 ,

    1

    3 . [16] ( ), [2] (

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    22

    ) [3] ( ). 3, , ,

    * 43 , 3 1.31607

    4

    .EEF EEF

    2.4

    k

    x

    x

    f u du

    n

    1

    ; ,2

    nk

    n k i i

    i

    x xG f x x w f

    i

    w i .

    2 2k k

    i i

    x x x x

    ,

    i 1,1 .

    0 ; ,k

    x

    k k n k

    x

    f x f x f u du f x G f x x

    ; , 0k n kf x G f x x ,

    ,

    1

    02

    nk

    k i i

    i

    x xf x w f

    .

    ,

    1

    02 2 2

    nk k k

    k i i

    i

    x x x x x xf x w f

    .

    x

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    23

    1

    2

    2 2

    k

    k n

    k ki i

    i

    f xx x

    x x x xw f

    .

    x 1k

    x

    ,

    1

    1 1

    1

    2

    2 2

    k

    k k n

    k k k k i i

    i

    f xx x

    x x x xw f

    .

    1

    ,kkk

    k

    f xx x

    f x

    1

    1

    2

    2 2

    k k

    k

    k k

    k

    k kn

    i i

    i

    f x f xx

    f x f x

    f xx x

    w f

    .

    2.4.1

    1n ka x , b x , 1 0 1 2w

    1

    2

    k

    k

    k

    k

    k k

    f xx x

    f f x

    xf x

    .

    . ,

    . [2] [13]. 3,

    * 3 1.44224 .3

    1, 33

    EEF EEF

    2.4.2

    2n ka x , b x , 11

    3 , 2

    1

    3

    , 1 2 1w w

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    24

    1

    2

    2 22 3 2 3

    k

    k k k k

    k k

    k k

    k

    k

    k

    k

    f x f

    f

    x f x

    xx

    f xx x

    f x f xf x ff

    x

    x

    f

    .

    . 3,

    * 43 , 3 1.316074

    .EEF EEF

    2.4.3

    3n ka x , b x , 13

    5 , 2

    3

    5 , 3 0 , 1 2

    5

    9w w ,

    389

    w

    1 1 2 0

    18

    5 5 8

    k

    k k

    f xx x

    f z f z f z

    13

    2 5 2

    k k

    k

    k k

    f x f xx

    f fz

    x x

    ,

    23

    2 5 2

    k k

    k

    k k

    f x f xx

    f fz

    x x

    ,

    0 2

    k

    k

    k

    f xz x

    f x

    .

    . 3,

    * 53 , 3 1.245735

    .EEF EEF

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    25

    3.

    [10] [17].

    2, [17] 3. , ,

    2.

    , [17], . 3

    .

    3.1.1 Nasr Al Din Ide

    [10]

    1

    4

    22

    2

    k

    k k

    k

    k k

    k k

    k k

    k k

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    5.

    . . . , , . , . [17] .

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    33

    6.

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    Appl. Math. 176 (2005), 425432.[7] Kou, J., Li, Z., Wang, X., A modification of Newton method with third-orderconvergence, Applied Mathematics and Computation 181 (2006), 11061111.

    [8] Kou, J., Li, Y.,Wang, X.,Third-order modification of Newton's method, Journal ofComputational and Applied Mathematics 205 (2007), 15

    [9] Nasr-Al-Din Ide, A new Hybrid iteration method for solving algebraic equations,Applied Mathematics and Computation, 195 (2008) 772774.

    [10] Nasr-Al-Din Ide, On modified Newton methods for solving a non linear algebraicequations, Applied Mathematics and Computation 198 (2008) 138142.

    [11] Nedzhibov, G., On a few iterative methods for solving nonlinear equations,Application of Mathematics in Engineering and Economics, in: Proceedings of the

    XXVIII Summer School Sozopol 2002, Heron Press, Soa, 2002.[12] Ostrowski, A.M., Solution of Equations in Euclidean and Banach Spaces,

    Academic Press, New York, 1960.[13] zban, A. Y, Some new variants of Newton's method, Appl. Math. Lett.,17, 2004,

    677-682.[14] Ralston, A., A First Course in Numerical Analysis, Tokyo [etc.]: McGraw-Hill

    Kogakusha, Ltd., 1965.[15] Traub J.F., Itarative Methods for the Solution if Equations , PrenticeHall,

    Inc.,Englewood Cliffs, N.J., United States of America,1964.[16] Weerakoon, S., Fernando, T. G. I., A variant of Newton's method with accelerated

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    34

    7.

    10.5.1983. . 1999,

    2002. - , 2008. . 2009.

    , 2010.

    .

    .

    , 2012.

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    UNIVERSITY OF NOVI SADFACULTY OF SCIENCE

    DEPARTAMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND INFORMATICSKEY WORDS DOCUMENTATION

    Accession number:ANO

    Identification number:INODocument type: Monograph typeDT

    Type of record: Printed textTR

    Contents Code:CC

    Author: Jelena Kovaevi

    AU

    Mentor: dr. Dragoslav HercegMN

    Title: Quadrature based iterative method for numerical solving nonlinear equationsXI

    Language of text: Serbian (Cyrillic)LT

    Language of abstract: Serbian and EnglishLA

    Country of publication: SerbiaCP

    Locality of publication: VojvodinaLP

    Publication year: 2012.PY

    Publisher: Author's reprintPU

    Publ. place: Novi Sad, Department of mathematics and informatics, Faculty ofScience, Trg Dositeja Obradovia 3

    PP

    Physical description4/ 38/ 18/3/0/0PD

    Scientific field: MathematicsSF

    Scientific discipline: Numerical mathematicsSD

    Key words:SKW UC:Holding data:HD

    Note:N

    Abstract: In this paper, we consider some numerical methods for solving nonlinearequations 0f x with one unknown, which are based on modifications of

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    Newton's procedure. Starting from the expression k

    x

    k

    x

    f x f x f u du and

    replacing the integral by quadrature formulas for numerical integration, we obtain

    an approximation for f x . Equating to zero this approximation we get firstly

    implicit equation to calculate the approximate value of solutions to the equation 0f x . Using Newton's method we obtain from the implicit equation explicit

    one, and then two-step iterative method. Depending on the choice of quadratureformulas we obtained family of iterative methods. For selected procedures, undercertain assumptions, we prove convergence and determine the order ofconvergence.AB

    Accepted by the Scientific Board on: 9. 07. 2012ASB

    Defended:

    DEThesis defense board:DBPresident: dr ore Herceg, Full Professor, Faculty of Science, University of

    Novi SadMember: dr, Helena Zarin, Associate Professor, Faculty of Science,

    University of Novi SadMember: dr Dragoslav Herceg, Full Professor, Faculty of Science, University

    of Novi Sad