kvadratne formule-zavrsni rad-matematika i informatika-matematika pdf
TRANSCRIPT
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1. , 41.1 .................................................................................................. 4
1.2 ........................................................................................ 5
1.3 ............................................................................................... 8
2. 11
2.1 ................................................................................................... 11
2.2 . 14
2.2.1 ...................... ...................... ...................... .......... 14
2.2.2 .................... ...................... ...................... .......... 15
2.2.3 ..................... ..................... ...................... ....... 16
2.3 - .................... 17
2.3.1 ............................................................................................... 17
2.3.2 .......................................................................................... 18
2.3.3 ............................................................................................. 18
2.4 ......... 22
2.4.1 .............................................................................. 23
2.4.2 ................... ...................... ...................... .............. 23
2.4.3 ............................................................................ 24
3. 25
3.1.1 Nasr-Al-Din Ide ................... ...................... ...................... .............. 25
3.1.2 ..................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ....... 26
3.1.3 ........................................................................................... 27
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4. 29
5. 32
6. 33
7. 34
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. [10] [17]. 2, [17] 3. , , 2. [17]
3 .
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[4], [7], [8], [14] [17]. .
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, 2012.
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1.
1.1
:
,C a b C D ,a b D
,nC a b nC D n D
kx 0 1, ,x x
0f x , x x
, 2,3,
!
j
j
fC j
j f
11 p pk k ke Ce e ,
lim kk
x
,
k ke x ,
p
C
1k
p
k
e
e
, 1,2,k
d
p
pEFF
d
* dEFF p
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1.2
; , ( )
b
aI f a b f x dx ,
,a b R , ,a b : ,f a b R f ,a b , f
0
; ,n
n i i
i
Q f a b A f x
.
; ,nQ f a b
i
x e iA .
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0
; , ; , ; ,
b n
n n i i
ia
E f a b I f a b Q f a b f x dx A f x
.
1. ; ,nQ f a b k
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i
x iA
.
ix , iA
, . 0inE x 0,..., 1i n . -
.
ix iA 0inE x 0,...,2 1i n . .
2. ; ,nQ f a b
n ,f C a b
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0
,
bn
i i n
i a
A f x P f x dx
,nP f x n f
ix , 0,1,..., ,i n
0 1 ... na x x x b .
3. n
,ix a ih 0,1,...,i n , ,b a
hn
n N .
- .
- ,a b , 0x a nx b , .
4. 0 1 ... na x x x b
1 11
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i
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.
5. 0 1 ... na x x x b
11
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n i i i
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.
6. 0 1 ... na x x x b
111
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ni i
n i i
i
x xM f a b x x f
.
7.
1
1
f x dx
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1
; 1,1n
n i i
i
G f w f x
,
0,...,2 1i n
1
11
; 1,1 0n
i
n i i
i
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.
1,2,3n .
n ix iw
1 0 2
21
3
1
3
08
9
3
5
5
9
8.
f a b
1
; ,
2 2 2
n
n i i
i
b a b a a bG f a b w f x
.
9. () : ,f a b R R
, ,x y a b
f x f y x y
f ,f Lip a b .
10. 0 1, ,x x
. 1,p
1
1
lim k
pkk
xC
x
,
C . 1p ,
1C .
, 0 1, ,x x p
C .
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.
11. 0 1, ,x x ,
1,p C
0n
1 0,
p
k kx C x k n
1p , 1C .
.
0 1, ,x x 0 1, ,z z
1p 2p
. 1 2
p p 0 1, ,x x
0 1, ,z z .
12.
.
13. 1p
2
p 1 2p p .
1.3
1. 1 ,f C a b . ,a b
2
1
1
1; ,
2
b n
n i i
ia
f x dx L f a b f x x
.
2. 1 ,f C a b . ,a b
2
1
1
1; ,
2
b n
n i i
ia
f x dx D f a b f x x
.
3. 2 ,f C a b . ,a b
3
1
1
1; ,
24
b n
n i i
ia
f x dx M f a b f x x
.
4.
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0 0
1 bn n
i j
j ji j aj i j i
A x x dxx x
, 0,1,..., .i n
5. - n
,0
; ,n
n n i i
i
N f a b h A f x
b a
hn
00
1
! !
n i n n
i n i
j
j i
A A s j dsi n i
, 0,1,..., .i n
14. 2 ,nf C a b n, , 1 ,nf C a b
n, ,a b -
23
0
12
0
,2
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,1
nnn
b
n n na nn
sh f ds n
nE f a b f x dx N f a b
s
h f ds n n
.
6. 2 ,nf C a b ,a b
2 1 4
2
3
!; , ; ,
2 1 2 !
nb
n
n n
a
b a nE f a b f x dx G f a b f
n n
.
7. [14]
1n nx x , 0,1,n ,
. p
, 0, 1,2, , 1j j p , 0p .
.
p
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!
p
p
, 2,3, .
!
j
j
fC j
j f
,
Mathematica.
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11
2.
2.1
. f,
.
.
f 0 0,x f x . 1x x
f 1 1,x f x .
0 0,x f x
0 0 0y x f x f x x x .
0 0f x , 1x
0y x
1 0 0
0f x
x xf x
k
x k ,
1
, 0,1,2, .k
k
k
k
f xx x k
f x
1k kx x ,
f x
x x f x
0f x
0f x . , 1k kx x
.
( ) ,max x x a b .
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2 2
( ) ( )1
( ) ( )
f x f x f x f x f xx
f x f x
2
( ),
( )
f x f xmax x a b
f x
.
, f
0f x x . ,
0f x .
f
0f x
, f
. f
.
,
.
k
x
k
x
f x f x f u du ,
k
x 0f x , .
.
k
x
x
f u du
- n
,0
; ,n
kn k n i i
i
x xN f x x A f
n
,
.
i k i k x x x ,
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i
0,1 ,
, 0,1, ,i
ii n
n .
0 ; ,k
x
k k n k
x
f x f x f u du f x N f x x
; , 0k n kf x N f x x ,
,
,0
0n
kk n i i
i
x xf x A f
n
.
,
,0
0n
kk n i k k
i
x x if x A f x x x
n n
.
x
,0
k
k n
n i k k
i
nf xx x
iA f x x x
n
.
x 1kx ,
0f x
1
, 1
0
k
k k n
n i k k k
i
nf x
x x iA f x x x
n
.
1kx
1
, 0,1,2, ,kk
k
k
f xx x k
f x
k
x .
1kx ,
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1
,
0
k
k kn
n i
k
k
i
k
nf xx x
iA f
f x
fn xx
.
, . ,
, ,
, .
2.2
2.2.1
k
x
x
f u du
1n ka x b x .
1 ; ,k
x
k k k
x
f u du L f x x x x f x .
0k k kf x x x f x
k
k
k
f xx x
f x
,
,
1
k
k k
k
f xx x
f x
.
. 2,
*2 1, 1.4142 .2
2EEF EEF
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2.2.2
k
x
xf u du
1n ka x b x .
1 ; ,k
x
k k
x
f u du D f x x x x f x .
0k kf x x x f x
k
k
f xx x
f x
.
x . x 1k
x ,
1 1
k
k k
k
f xx x
f x
.
1
,kkk
k
f xx x
f x
1
k
k
k
k
k kf
f xx x
xx
ff
x
.
2,
* 32 , 2 1.259923
.EEF EEF
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2.2.3
k
x
xf u du
1n ka x b x .
1 ; ,2
k
x
kk k
x
x xf u du M f x x x x f
.
02
kk k
x xf x x x f
2
k
k
k
f xx x
x xf
.
x . x 1kx ,
1
1
2
k
k k
k k
f xx x
x xf
.
1
,kkk
k
f xx x
f x
1
2
k
k k
k
k
k
f xx x
f xf x
f x
.
[17] [2] [13]. 3,
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* 3 1.44224 .3
1, 33
EEF EEF
2.3
,
k
x
x
f u du
-
1
,
0
k
k k n
n i
k
k
i
k
nf xx x
iA f
f x
fn xx
.
- , . .
3. [2] 3. - ,
.
2.3.1
1n ka x , b x , 1,0 1,11
2A A
1 1
2
k
k k
k
f xx x
f x f x
.
x . x 1k
x ,
1
1
1
2
k
k k
k k
f xx x
f x f x
.
1 k k
k
kf x
x xf x
1
2k
k k
kk k
k
f xx x
f xf x f x f x
.
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, [1], [2], [16], [8] [17]. [17]. 3,
* 3 1.44224 .3
1, 3
3
EEF EEF
2.3.2
2n ka x , b x ,2 2
ka b x x ,2,0 2,2 2,1
1 4
3 3A A A
1
2
14
3 2
k
k k
kk
f xx x
x xf x f f x
.
x . x 1k
x ,
1
11
2
14
3 2
k
k k
k kk k
f xx x
x xf x f f x
.
1 k
k
k
kf x
x xf x
1
6
42
k k
k k
k
k
k
k
k
k
f x f xx x
f
f xx
x
x
f x ff x
f
.
, [3]. [17]. 3,
* 43 , 3 1.31607
4
.EEF EEF
2.3.3
[17]
12 2
k
x
kk k
x
x xf u du x x f f x f x
( ) .
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,
0 12 2
k
x
kk k k k
x
x xf x f x f u du f x x x f f x f x
2
2 12
k
k
kk
f xx x
x xf f x f x
.
1k
x x
1k
x
1
1 1
2
2 1 2
k
k k
k k k k
f xx x
x xf f x f x
.
1
,kkk
k
f xx x
f x
1
2
22
1
k
k k
k
k k
k k
k k
f x f xx x
f x f
f xx x
f f x fx
1
11
2
2 12
k
k k
k kk k
f xx x
x xf f x f x
1
.kkkk
f xx xf x
2 12
2
k k
f x
f xF
fx x
x f x xf x f
xf f
x
.
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22 33 1
, 0,4
F F F F c c
.
F , 1k kx F x 3.
8. 4f C D
( ) 0, .f x m x D
0f x D 0
0 :x D x D x
1
2
22
1
k
k k
k
k k
k k
k k
f x f xx x
f x f
f xx x
f f x fx
,
, .
2
2 3
3 1.
4c c
. 0f x
D . 0f , 0 D D .
f xx
f x
( ) ,
0 0
f x f f xx x
f x f f x
x D . min ,b a . 0
x D 1
1,2
f xa x b
f x
.
x D
,2
f x f xx x D
f x f x
.
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0,1q . ,6
MF x x D .
4( )f C D . 6
min , , q
M
.
x D D .
F
D 0x D
3
1 0 03!
Fx F x F x
.
3 231 0 0 0 0
3! 6
F Mx x x q x x
,
1x D . 0x D
kx D , 0,1,k .
2 1
1 1 0
k
k k kx q x q x q x
0,1q . 3 7.
[17] 0,1 . .
1
2 2 2k
x
k kk
x
x x x xf u du f f x f x
, [17],
1
4
22
k
k k
k k
k k k
k k
f xx x
f x f xf x f x f x
f x f x
.
1
2 .
1 , 0 ,
1
3 . [16] ( ), [2] (
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) [3] ( ). 3, , ,
* 43 , 3 1.31607
4
.EEF EEF
2.4
k
x
x
f u du
n
1
; ,2
nk
n k i i
i
x xG f x x w f
i
w i .
2 2k k
i i
x x x x
,
i 1,1 .
0 ; ,k
x
k k n k
x
f x f x f u du f x G f x x
; , 0k n kf x G f x x ,
,
1
02
nk
k i i
i
x xf x w f
.
,
1
02 2 2
nk k k
k i i
i
x x x x x xf x w f
.
x
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1
2
2 2
k
k n
k ki i
i
f xx x
x x x xw f
.
x 1k
x
,
1
1 1
1
2
2 2
k
k k n
k k k k i i
i
f xx x
x x x xw f
.
1
,kkk
k
f xx x
f x
1
1
2
2 2
k k
k
k k
k
k kn
i i
i
f x f xx
f x f x
f xx x
w f
.
2.4.1
1n ka x , b x , 1 0 1 2w
1
2
k
k
k
k
k k
f xx x
f f x
xf x
.
. ,
. [2] [13]. 3,
* 3 1.44224 .3
1, 33
EEF EEF
2.4.2
2n ka x , b x , 11
3 , 2
1
3
, 1 2 1w w
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1
2
2 22 3 2 3
k
k k k k
k k
k k
k
k
k
k
f x f
f
x f x
xx
f xx x
f x f xf x ff
x
x
f
.
. 3,
* 43 , 3 1.316074
.EEF EEF
2.4.3
3n ka x , b x , 13
5 , 2
3
5 , 3 0 , 1 2
5
9w w ,
389
w
1 1 2 0
18
5 5 8
k
k k
f xx x
f z f z f z
13
2 5 2
k k
k
k k
f x f xx
f fz
x x
,
23
2 5 2
k k
k
k k
f x f xx
f fz
x x
,
0 2
k
k
k
f xz x
f x
.
. 3,
* 53 , 3 1.245735
.EEF EEF
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3.
[10] [17].
2, [17] 3. , ,
2.
, [17], . 3
.
3.1.1 Nasr Al Din Ide
[10]
1
4
22
2
k
k k
k
k k
k k
k k
k k
k
f xx x
f xf x f x
f x f xf x f x
f x f x
f x
[17],
1
4
22
k
k k
k k
k k k
k k
f xx x
f x f xf x f x f x
f x f x
.
2k
k
k
f xf x
f x
2
2
k
k k
k
k
k
f xf x f x
f x
f x
f x
.
. ,
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4
22
2
k
f xF x x
f xf x f x
f x f xf x f x
f x f x
f x
22
32, 0, ,4
57
16 8
cF F F F
cc
, .
*2 1, 1.414222
EEF EEF
[10]
* 42 1 , 2 1.189214 2
EEF EEF
* 43 , 3 1.316074
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, [10] , .
3.1.2
[10] ,
2
1
4
4 52
k
k k
k k
k k k k k
k k
f xx x
f x f xf x f x f x f x f xf x f x
.
[10]
2
1
4
2 3
k
k k
k k
k k k k k
k k
f xx x
f x f xf x f x f x f x f x
f x f x
,
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2 32, 0, 0,4
ccF F F F
24
2 3
f xF x x
f x f xf x f x f x f x f x
f x f x
.
[10]
* 4 1.316073
, 34
EEF EEF
3. [17], .
3.1.3
(
)
Lf x
F x xf x
D
f xF x x
f xf x
f x
2
LD
f xf x f x f x
f xF x x
f xf x f x
f x
LD
F
3, 0, 0,2
F F F F c
.
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* 3 1.44223
1, 33
4EEF EEF
, [10].
[1], [6], [7], [8], [13], [17] [18].
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4.
. Mathematica-8. 10000 SetPrecision .
:kx kf x .
,
* , 10000 , 20 .
(COC)
1
1
ln /
ln /
n n
n n
x xCOC
x x
.
COC 2 3.
0f x
0
x
1* :
11
sin2
f x x , [4], [14], 1* 0.5235987755982988731 , 0 0.7x ,
32 10f x x , [6], [16], 2* 2.1544346900318837218 , 0 2x ,
3 23 4 10f x x x , [6], [8], [10], [16], [18], 4* 1.3652300134140968458 , 0 2x
24 sin ln 1xf x e x x , [7], 11 0 , 0 2x ,
3
5 1 1f x x , [6], [16], [18], 5 2 , 0 1.8x ,
3
6
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UNIVERSITY OF NOVI SADFACULTY OF SCIENCE
DEPARTAMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND INFORMATICSKEY WORDS DOCUMENTATION
Accession number:ANO
Identification number:INODocument type: Monograph typeDT
Type of record: Printed textTR
Contents Code:CC
Author: Jelena Kovaevi
AU
Mentor: dr. Dragoslav HercegMN
Title: Quadrature based iterative method for numerical solving nonlinear equationsXI
Language of text: Serbian (Cyrillic)LT
Language of abstract: Serbian and EnglishLA
Country of publication: SerbiaCP
Locality of publication: VojvodinaLP
Publication year: 2012.PY
Publisher: Author's reprintPU
Publ. place: Novi Sad, Department of mathematics and informatics, Faculty ofScience, Trg Dositeja Obradovia 3
PP
Physical description4/ 38/ 18/3/0/0PD
Scientific field: MathematicsSF
Scientific discipline: Numerical mathematicsSD
Key words:SKW UC:Holding data:HD
Note:N
Abstract: In this paper, we consider some numerical methods for solving nonlinearequations 0f x with one unknown, which are based on modifications of
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Newton's procedure. Starting from the expression k
x
k
x
f x f x f u du and
replacing the integral by quadrature formulas for numerical integration, we obtain
an approximation for f x . Equating to zero this approximation we get firstly
implicit equation to calculate the approximate value of solutions to the equation 0f x . Using Newton's method we obtain from the implicit equation explicit
one, and then two-step iterative method. Depending on the choice of quadratureformulas we obtained family of iterative methods. For selected procedures, undercertain assumptions, we prove convergence and determine the order ofconvergence.AB
Accepted by the Scientific Board on: 9. 07. 2012ASB
Defended:
DEThesis defense board:DBPresident: dr ore Herceg, Full Professor, Faculty of Science, University of
Novi SadMember: dr, Helena Zarin, Associate Professor, Faculty of Science,
University of Novi SadMember: dr Dragoslav Herceg, Full Professor, Faculty of Science, University
of Novi Sad