kushal thakkar - final
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/4/2019 Kushal Thakkar - Final
1/16
PRESENTER : KUSHAL THAKKAR
ROLL NO : 04BATCH NO : SMBA03
Brain Drain & ReverseBrain Drain
-
8/4/2019 Kushal Thakkar - Final
2/16
Brain Drain
Human capital flight, more commonlyreferred to as "brain drain", is the
large-scale emigration of a large
group of individuals with technical
skills or knowledge.
-
8/4/2019 Kushal Thakkar - Final
3/16
The reasons for Brain Drain
usually include two aspects
Countries
Individuals
-
8/4/2019 Kushal Thakkar - Final
4/16
Brain Drain by Region
Europe : Western European to UnitedStatus & Eastern & South Eastern Europe into
Western European.
In 2010, over 350,000 Europeans emigrated to
the United States (164,285), Australia(40,455), Canada (37,946) and NewZealand(30,262). Germany alone saw255,290 people leave the country
-
8/4/2019 Kushal Thakkar - Final
5/16
Brain Drain by Region
Africa : "Brain drain has cost the Africancontinent over $4 billion in the employment
of 150,000.
Ethiopia 55% in 2009, Nigeria, Ghana 28
% 2010, Kenya.
Africarecruit
-
8/4/2019 Kushal Thakkar - Final
6/16
Brain Drain by Region
Iraq Outflow began under Saddam Hussein regime, 4million estimated to have left until 2010. And later the invasion ofUS.
Iran : In 2006, the IMF ranked Iran highest in brain drainamong 90 measured countries. The estimated exodus of 180,000people per year is thought to be due to a poor job market, andtense domestic social conditions.
India : Estimates show that INDIA loses $2 billion a yearbecause of the emigration of computer experts to the U.S. Indianstudents going abroad for their higher studies costs India aforeign exchange outflow of $10 billion annually.
-
8/4/2019 Kushal Thakkar - Final
7/16
Brain Drain by Region
China : Chinese earning more than 120,000Yuan ($17,650) a year want to immigrate.
China became the biggest worldwidecontributor of emigrants in 2007. According
to the official Chinese media, 65,000 Chineselast year secured immigration or permanentresident status in the United States, 25,000 inCanada and 15,000 in Australia
-
8/4/2019 Kushal Thakkar - Final
8/16
Brain Drain by Region
New Zealand : During the 1990s, 30,000
New Zealanders were emigrating each year.An OECD report released in 2005 revealedthat 24.2% of New Zealanders with a tertiaryeducation were living outside of NewZealand, predominantly in Australia. In 2009,around 34,000 New Zealanders settled inAustralia.
-
8/4/2019 Kushal Thakkar - Final
9/16
Related Phenomena
Brain Gain: An opposite situation, in whichmany trained and talented individuals seek entranceinto a country, is called a brain gain; this may create
a brain drain in the nations that the individuals areleaving.
In 2000, the US Congress announced it was raisingthe annual cap on the number of temporary work
visas granted to highly skilled professionals under itsH1B Visa program, from 115,000 to 195,000 per year,effective through 2003. That suggests a rough figurefor the influx of talent into the United States at thattime.
-
8/4/2019 Kushal Thakkar - Final
10/16
Related Phenomena
Brain circulation : In general mostdeveloping countries suffer brain drain because emigrantintellectuals refuse to return. Some migrants do return to
their home countries or become transnational withhomes in different countries.
Brain waste : Sometimes migrants to othercountries or urban areas are not able to obtainemployment commensurate with their educationalqualifications. This is called brain waste.
-
8/4/2019 Kushal Thakkar - Final
11/16
Reverse Brain Drain
Reverse brain drain , which refers to the
migration issue, whereby human capitalmoves in reverse from a more developedcountry to a less developed country that isdeveloping rapidly, which is commonly
defined as braindrain.
-
8/4/2019 Kushal Thakkar - Final
12/16
3 methods of implementing and
enhancing reverse brain drain
Governments retaining theirstudents.
Encouraging students topursue tertiary studies abroadand promoting them to return.
Engaging with the diasporas.
-
8/4/2019 Kushal Thakkar - Final
13/16
Several countries that are prime examples of
these three methods - and several other methods
1. China
2. India Dot Com Bubble.
3. Pakistan4. South Korea Park Chung Hee.
5. Taiwan - National Youth Commission (NYC)
6. Mexico 08-96, 09-157, 10-212.7. Africa Reverse Transfer of Technology.
-
8/4/2019 Kushal Thakkar - Final
14/16
Reverse Brain Drain - Patna
Sumit Prakash & Smitha Chaudhary
Business Managers
Sydney.
Anjay Thakur Commercial Pilot California.
Bibhuti Bikramaditya Project manager South Korea.
-
8/4/2019 Kushal Thakkar - Final
15/16
Sources
www.google.com
www.wikipedia.com Live Mint Lounge.
National Commission Website.
The Times Of India (Paper Cutting.)
http://www.google.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.google.com/ -
8/4/2019 Kushal Thakkar - Final
16/16
Thank You!!!!!