PENCAK SILAT

KUNTAO MATJAN

Bapak Oyong KarmayudaSekjenPERSILATPadepokan Pencak Silat IndonesiaJalan Taman Mini 1Jakarta 13560Indonesia

23 March, 2001

Yang terhormat, Bapak Oyong:

I would like to express my deepest thanks and appreciation for your fax of February 6, 2001 to the effect that 'the door is open' for our perguruan, Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan, to join the Persatuan Silat Antarabangsa. As you may know, this represents one of my longest and deeply held dreams for our art. I earnestly believe that participation in the Silat community will provide our Perguruan a vital opportunity to reaffirm our Indonesian cultural and historical roots. Equally earnestly, I hope that we shall in turn be able to contribute to the Silat community and enhance the global role and value of Silat and Indonesian culture, especially in Canada, but wherever members of our Organization go and spread the art of Pencak Silat.

I am forwarding to you with this letter the information you have requested on the following items: the history of our art and the activities of our organization; the official charter of our organization and its rules and regulations; contact information; and information on the state of Pencak Silat in Canada. As is noted in the information pack, we have begun a survey of available contacts and sources to identify schools and practitioners of Pencak Silat who may wish to participate in a Canadian Silat Federation. My Assistant Chief Instructor and I have also made tentative but detailed plans for such a Canadian Federation which we shall be happy to make available to PERSILAT once the Federation has been formally established.

I anticipate a long and productive relationship between our Organizations, and moreover hope to meet you in person in the not too distant future. If you require any additional information about our art or activities, please contact me, or my Assistant Chief Instructor Dr. Philip H.J. Davies who, from May of this year, will be lecturing at the University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur.

I look forward to hearing from you soon,

Salaam hormat,

Richard E. KuddingGuru Besar, Pencak Silat Kuntao MatjanPresident, Perguruan Kuntao Matjan

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The Flying Dragon Institute (Canada)248 Silver Creek Way NWCalgary, Alberta, T3B 4H5Canada

Tel: 1 403 247 2627; Fax: 1 403 247 2627; Mobile: +1 (403) 701 8201Email: kuntao_matjan@hotmail.com; WWW:

members.tripod.co.uk/kuntao_matjan/home.htm

Contents

In Memoriam ……………………………………………………………………….3

Guru Besar .…………………………………………………………………………4

1. History and Summary of Activities …………………………………………….5

2. Curriculum of Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan …………………………………….8

3. Illustrations …………………………………………………………………….11

4. Charter of the Central Perguruan Kuntao Matjan Organization ……………….14

Appendix on Pencak Silat In Canada ………………………………………………24

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In MemoriamDalam Kenangan

Carel Faulhaber

Born: 2 November, 1923 in Semarang, Central Java

Deceased: 29 July, 1974 in Arnhem, Holland.

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Guru Besar

Richard Kudding

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Training in Renkum during the 1960s

1. History and Summary of ActivitiesHistory of Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan

Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan was brought to the west by the late Pak Carel Faulhaber, a Dutch-Indonesian. His father, Andries Friedrich Faulhaber (born in Medan in 1889) married an Indonesian wife Parainah, and Pak Faulhaber was born in Semarang on 2 November 1923. Pak Faulhaber grew up in Semarang where he learned the art that he subsequently taught to the current head of the system, Pak Richard Kudding. He attributed his Kuntao Matjan to two different teachers, an unidentified dukun and an unnamed, elderly, one-eyed peranakan Chinese teacher with who he used to study after school. After moving to Holland, Pak Faulhaber took on a select handful of students which included Pak Richard. Pak Faulhaber described his art as a hybrid between a (peranakan) Chinese Kuntao Matjan (learned from the one-eyed ethnic Chinese) and Javanese pukulan (learned from the dukun), a synthesis in which kuntao movements had been adapted for the Indonesian body structure, an Indonesian methodology adopted for the overall organisation and teaching of the system, and then integrated with techniques drawn from pukulan. Pak Faulhaber was married to Hartati Binti Abdulrachman (born 12 August, 1930 in Medan) in Palembang in 1950. Pak Faulhaber served as a Sergeant 1st Class in the Dutch army, serving in New Guineau until emigrating to the West. In January, 1954 Pak Faulhaber and his family arrived in Holland and settled in Renkum.

There was no continued contact with Pak Faulhaber's teachers after his emigration. It is not known whether there are any groups practicing versions of this art, either the peranakan kuntao or the pukulan aspects. As the overall art taught apparently represented the combined knowledge Pak Faulhaber acquired from his two guru-guru, it may very well be that he was effectively the founder of the system, in which case the art's very leadership can be said to have moved to the west in 1954.

Once the Faulhaber family settled in Holland, Pak Faulhaber taught the knowledge he had learned from the dukun and the one-eyed peranakan master to a small handful of four students and his own sons whom he taught at home in a forest outside Renkum from the late 1950s until his death in 1974. His five main students were led by his eldest son, Robert Faulhaber (born 1949 in Belitang). In 1959 he was joined by fellow Dutch-Indonesians Richard Kudding and Edu Lammerts van Bueren, followed by Cornelius Max 'Jimmy' Bax and, in 1963, Theo Verschuur. Of this group, Richard Kudding was the closest to Pak Faulhaber, in the words of Faulhaber's son Rudy, he was 'always over at our house, training with my father in the back garden. He used to visit our family and my father used to visit his as friends as well as martial arts lovers.' Richard Kudding continued to study as Pak Faulhaber's main student until 1969 when, for career reasons, he emigrated again, this time to Canada in 1969.

In the early 1970s, Carel Faulhaber became ill, passing away unexpectedly on 29 July 1974. When Pak Faulhaber died, his remaining students dispersed in search of new teachers. Lammerts van Bueren had already returned to the Pukulan Serak he had studied before training with Pak Faulhaber, and Max Bax also moved to Serak. Theo Verschuur turned to the Pencak Silat Setia Hati of the late Pak Cor Turpijn, but in turn passed away in 1981. His most senior student, Harry de Spa followed his teacher to Setia Hati before settling down in Goju Ryu Karate, but passed away himself in early 1998. Pak Faulhaber's eldest son, Rob Faulhaber, turned to Kyokushinkai Karate and eventually created his own system 'Kempo Ryu' with his younger brothers studying under him during the 1970s. Due to injury in 1983, Rob Faulhaber retired from

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Pak Richard Kudding and Max Bax practicing at Renkum in the 1960s.

Pak Richard Kudding and Edu Lammerts van Bueren given an early Judokwai-sanctioned demonstration by the Flying Dragon Institute.

martial arts as did his other brothers except Rudy Faulhaber. Rudy Faulhaber remains active, but is concerned chiefly with building his own system based on his father's teaching and other influences. Only Richard Kudding, in Canada, remained true to Pak Faulhaber's original teaching.

Presently, therefore, the most senior person practicing Pak Faulhaber's system is Pak Richard Kudding. Also Dutch Indonesian, Pak Kudding was born in Tanggerang, West Java on 1 December, 1938, and spent some of his childhood in Semarang. His father's name is Bernard Cornelius Kudding, born on March 10, 1916 in Wonosobo, and his mother was Lucia Antoinette Pichel. Born July 2, 1918 in Jakarta. Pak Richard began his martial arts training learning Silat Pamacan from his father. After the Second World War, the family relocated to Makassar where he studied a Bugis harimau style from a teacher called Nono Malonda and an unspecified kuntao style from Wong Hong Leong (a leading figure in the peranakan Chinese business community). During the 1950s, the Kudding family moved again, this time to Holland where Richard Kudding was introduced to, and accepted as a student by, Pak Carel Faulhaber in 1959. Richard Kudding studied continuously with Pak Faulhaber throughout the following decade, until immigrating to Canada in 1969.

Pak Richard continues to teach Pak Faulhaber’s art under the name Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan. Although the contemporary spelling of Pencak Silat is employed, Pak Richard elected to retain the old spellings of Kuntao and Matjan for several reasons. In the first place, these were the way the art’s name was represented by his teacher. The use of the old form of Kuntao retains the flavour of the art’s mixed heritage and shows the honour and respect for both of its roots by its contemporary practitioners. The old form of Matjan is also preferred because the perguruan is based in the west, and many westerners are not familiar with the current Bahasa spelling. Keeping the ‘tj’ form avoids the risk of people calling the art ‘Kuntao Makan’ instead of Macan.

Activities of the Perguruan and the Flying Dragon Institute

Circa 1967, Pak Faulhaber and his students formed the basis of the first formal body regulating the art in Holland. At the time, it was required by Dutch law that any individual or group teaching martial arts had to receive approval and certification from the Japanese-dominated Dutch Judokwai. As a result, they established the Kempo Section of the Judokwai under Pak Faulhaber's authority as Technical Adviser, Richard Kudding as Secretary and Rob Faulhaber, Max Bax and Edu Lammerts van Bueren as Commissioners. During the same period, members of the perguruan established the original Flying Dragon Institute to promote and propagate Pak Faulhaber's Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan. The potential of the Kempo Section was limited by the Judo and Karate-oriented approach of that organization. As a result, while those who remained in Holland came under pressure to 'Japanize' their art, Pak Richard was free of this in Canada, allowing him to continue teaching the original version of the art.

In Canada, Pak Richard established the Flying Dragon Institute (Canada) where it was legally incorporated, and has provided a formally constituted headquarters organization for the Kuntao Matjan organization. Through it, he has taught Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan for the last three decades. Originally established in Winnipeg, Manitoba, until 1979, it subsequently relocated with Pak Richard to Calgary, Alberta where he, and the Institute, have remained. In 1987, Pak Richard promoted Philip H.J. Davies at Guru Muda. In 1989, he made Philip Davies the only student to become a Fully Certified Guru through the

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1999 Reading Demonstration of Indonesian Martial Arts; (l to r) Pak Aidinal Alrashid (President , UKPSF); Dr. Philip Davies (Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan); Pak Amir Susanto (Culture & Education Attaché, Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in London).

Winnipeg in the mid-1970s. The poster behind Pak Richard reads 'Indonesian method of self-defence, 7:30'.

traditional rahasia rituals passed down from Pak Faulhaber. At this point Pak Richard also appointed him Assistant Chief Instructor. During this period, Davies operated a branch of the Flying Dragon Institute (Canada) in Toronto. In 1992, he returned to the UK where he was originally born to take his Ph.D. at the University of Reading, and has since taught a handpicked group of students at Reading.

During the 1960s, the Faulhaber Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan proved one of the most influential representatives of Indonesian martial arts in Holland. In Canada, first in Winnipeg and then in Calgary, Pak Richard and his perguruan have developed a long history of promoting Indonesian martial arts. There were various demonstrations, and in Calgary the Flying Dragon Institute (Canada) headquarters branch of the perguruan has regularly given performance for the Calgary Indonesian Society over the last twenty years. When his student Philip Davies set up a branch of the perguruan in Toronto, that branch gave demonstrations at the Ontario Science Centre and the Royal Ontario Museum. In 1999, the UK Branch of the organization mounted a demonstration at the University of Reading that included participation from the UK Pencak Silat Federation.

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2. Curriculum of Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan

Pak Carel Faulhaber's system can be divided into roughly four main divisions: empty hands, weapons, a seni or pencak 'artistic' performance form including khendang silat; and an internal training regimen to develop both tenaga dalam and batin.

1. Tangan Kosong

The empty hand element of Pak Faulhaber's art has eight main components:

i. Permainan Tangan: there are seven permainan tangan, or generic hand movements, although some have sub-variations. Playing movements provide general forms or patterns of hand motion that are employed in the various bela diri, jalan perkakas and kembangan. These are: turning the wheel; serimpi (five versions); cloud hands; holding the ball; scissors (three versions); opening the bow; flapping the wings.

ii. Latihan Kuda-Kuda, Pola Langkah: Students must first master traditional stances or kuda-kuda, including kuda depan, kuda samping, T-kuda, duck-foot kuda, kuda majuan, kuda munduran, and burung kuntul. Behond this they learn a range of langkah drills. Footwork drills include: kneeling, squatting (jongkok), crossing (perempatan), turning step (langkah puturan), turning groundsit (duduk sila puturan), shovel-step, langkah kucing (cat-step, similar to the 'floating foot'); S/H (drawn from pamacan groundfighting); langkah kakitiga (triangle); langkah kakidelapan (octogon walking) and langkah bulatan (circle walking). Sempok and depok are rarely used, although one frequently twists in and out of the sila posture. When the student moves from beginning to advanced training in the art, one of the key elements is a series of five drills combining certain langkah-langkah with particular permainan tangan (the 'five basic movements').

iii. Jurus: there are three pukulan jurus of between 16 and 27 movements in length. The first jurus includes elementary stances, kuda-kuda, and a more or less comprehensive selection of punches and kicks employed in the system. The second jurus teaches an assortment of pukulan skills and some rolling, while the third jurus teaches students to combine hard and soft techniques. Jurus training constitutes the basic foundation training of the system after kuda-kuda, and was reviewed every two weeks in gelanggang by Pak Faulhaber.

iv. Kembang: there are seven longer forms or kembang, although the first three can be combined into a single long performance. Kembang are numbered 1-7. Kembang can be practiced variously as fighting drills, as artistic performances (with khendang silat), and as internal exercises.

v. Alat Berguna: There are twenty-five choreographed two man fighting exercises that Pak Faulhaber described as 'useful tools’. These run between five and ten movements long commencing with a particular attack and a series of counters similar to the Buah Pukul of Malay silat. Much of pukulan and silat influence appears in the ‘useful tools'.

vi. Bela diri: There are a very large number of specified counters for use against particular grappling attacks and assaults with weapons.

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vii. Pecahan: The bulk of the applied or 'buah' teaching involves countering skills to particular types of technique.

viii. Adu ayam: Pak Faulhaber taught a highly structured variety of sparring exercises, empty handed and with wooden weapons.

2. Senjata

All of the weapons employed in Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan are Indonesian weapons, and are taught in terms of a number of jurus, kembangan, jalan perkakas and pecahan skills.

i. Tongkat: the most basic weapon taught is the stick, typically rattan and roughly the combined length of the upper and lower arms of the user. Both single and double stick skills are taught. Tongkat is taught mainly through a range of basic movements and pecahan.

ii. Tongkat Setenga: based on the yardstick (tongkat kayu) used by peranakan traders, there are five jurus for this weapon which should be roughly one fist-width less than the height of the user's underarm.

iii. Golok: the main weapon in the system is the Javanese golok. Training for the golok includes six Jalan Perkakas that can be practiced solo or with a partner, a long kembang, and free play using rattan sticks as a substitute for the live blade. When using rattan, a line is marked along the stick to indicate the cutting edge of the blade.

iv. Cabang: the next most important weapon is the cabang or siku-siku. There are four jurus for the cabang, two for the single cabang, two for double cabang.

v. Pisau: the generic (generally single-edged) utility knife is taught mainly through handling exercises and a series of basic movements and pecahan. The pisau repertoire is oriented chiefly to a single-edged utility blade, but students are taught to adapt the movements to a double-edged weapon also. A range of knife-throwing skills are also taught.

vi. Pedang: there is a short kembang for the use of the single-edged straight sword. Like the golok, students conduct adu ayam with a marked rattan stick.

vii. Tongkat wanita: the ‘girl stick’ is a palm stick similar to the Japanese yawara stick or contemporary ‘kubotan’ keychain, supposedly derived from an ornate wooden hair curler and intended for a woman's self defence. Students are taught to adapt empty hand skills to the use of the girl stick.

viii. Ikat Pinggang & Sarung: there is a repertoire of pecahan techniques employing either a belt or sarong.

3. Kesenian/Pencak

Pak Faulhaber also taught his students to perform the kembang 'artistically' accompanied by khendang silat. The khendang arrangement consists of: anak khendang, ibu khendang, saron and gong. In this arrangement scheme, there is a basic phrase for the saron, and three main phrases for the khendang. The khendang phrases include one long, main carrier rhythm and two half-length phrases particularly suited to different types of activity in either solo kembangan, two-man silat melayu or choroegraphed kesenian. Khendang are played with the large end under the right hand, and small end under the left. The left hand works only

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the off-beats. The gong provides emphasis for movements with power or commitment, and plays on the final beat of each phrase. The ibu khendang provides a constant performance of the long carrier rhythm to set the general pace for performance, while the anak khendang follows the performer(s) variously improvising with any of the three rhythms.

4. Ilmu Kebatinan

Pak Faulhaber's instruction included both ilmu tenaga dalam and ilmu kebatinan. The ilmu tenaga dalam training includes a range of latihan pernafasan and meditation techniques to cultivate and direct the flow of internal power. The ilmu kebatinan employs meditation and a series of animal spiritual exercises that derive from traditional animist beliefs.

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3. Illustrations

Various sikap pasang:(Richard Kudding, 1996, 2000)

(Theo Verschuur, Harry de Spa c.1969)

The S-form/H-form1 langkah:(Richard Kudding, 1996)

1 N.B. The term ‘S/H’ refers to the shape formed by the legs on the ground, like an ‘s’ and a handwritten ‘h’, and not to Silat Setia Hati.

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(Theo Verschuur, c.1969)

(Rob Faulhaber & Edu Lammerts van Bueren; Richard Kudding & Theo Verschuur c.1967)

Jurus and Kembang:(Richard Kudding, 2000; Theo Verschuur, c.1969)

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Kuncian and Bantingan:(Richard Kudding, Max Bax & Theo Verschur, c.1967)

Alat Berguna and Bela Diri(Rob Faulhaber & lammerts van Bueren; Richard Kudding & Theo Verschuur, c.1967)

Khendang Silat:(Richard Kudding; UK Branch, 1999)

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4. Charter of the Central Perguruan Kuntao Matjan Organization

1. Purpose

A. The purpose of the central Perguruan Kuntao Matjan Organization is to preserve and propagate the Indonesian martial art of Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan as it was taught by the late Carel Faulhaber.

i. By the 'art' is meant the fighting knowledge, teaching pedagogy and cultural tradition of Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan.

ii. Where appropriate, the Central Organization may act either as a regulating and certifying body for new members of the art, or as a facilitating body and repository of the art for members of the Faulhaber tradition who may wish to learn about or return to the traditional form of Carel Faulhaber's art.

B. The Central Perguruan Kuntao Matjan Organization shall act as the first point of contact between individual members and Authorized Persaudaran (as defined in 2(C) of this Charter) practicing and teaching Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan and other national and international Pencak Silat bodies.

i. The Central Organization shall be responsible for the development of Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan in accordance with, and under the auspices of, the international Pencak Silat Federation, the Persatuan Pencak Silat Antarabangsa (PERSILAT).

ii. The Central Organization shall also be responsible for observance of, and conformity to the standards and requirements of PERSILAT by any individuals and/or Authorized Persaudaraan practicing or teaching Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan.

2. Organization

A. The Central Organization shall at all times come under the leadership of a single individual holding the dual functions of chief instructor (Guru Besar) and President of the Organization. The President shall have final authority over all matters of policy, management and pedagogy.

i. The post shall be held on the basis of appointment by the previous incumbent. This decision is a unilateral choice of the incumbent.

ii. The post shall be a lifelong appointment unless the incumbent chooses to resign their post. In this case, the incumbent must appoint a successor prior to abdication.

iii. Any appointed future successor to the post of Guru Besar/President shall occupy the role of Assistant Guru Besar/Deputy President of the Central Organization on that appointment to hold that position until accession to the roles of Guru Besar/President in due course as in 2(A)ii.

(a) The Assistant Guru Besar/Deputy President shall be empowered to deputize for the Guru Besar/President in all matters where the Guru Besar/President so mandates, and in any circumstances where the Guru Besar/President may not present or capable, subject to on-going consultation with and approval of the Guru Besar/President.

(b) The Assistant Guru Besar/Deputy President may act on behalf of the Guru Besar/President and in the name of the Central Organization, with particular reference to the external relations of the Central Organization with other Martial Arts

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Federations and Organizations and Authorized Persaudaraan (as defined in 2(C) of this Charter), subject to the provisions of 2(A)iii(a) of this charter.

iv. The President may delegate certain tasks and responsibilities to members of the Central Organization or its member associations or members of Authorized Persaudaraan.

v. The President and any delegated appointments shall be given in Schedule 1 to the Charter. Post holders performing tasks and holding responsibilities otherwise prorogued by the President of the Central Organization shall constitute the Executive Board (see 2(B)) of the Perguruan Kuntao Matjan.

(a) The Guru Besar/President shall also hold the post of Chair of the Executive Committee.

(b) In the absence of the Guru Besar/President, the Assistant Guru Besar/Deputy President shall take the Chair.

(c) Where the absence of both the Guru Besar/President and the Assistant Guru Besar/Deputy President has been anticipated, a Pro Tem Acting Chair may be appointed by whichever of the former two is available to make the appointment prior to any meeting of the Executive Board as a whole. Where this is not possible, the Board shall elect a Pro Tem Acting Chair to serve until the return of either of the former two.

B. The Executive Board of the Central Perguruan Kuntao Matjan Organization shall serve as both an executive body to act on behalf of the Guru Besar/President, and as a consultative and advisory body where the Guru Besar/President may require specific information on or analysis of matters which may arise.

i. The Guru Besar/President shall retain final authority over any and all decisions and actions of the Executive Board in its executive capacity.a) The Guru Besar/President shall have the power of veto over any decision of the

Executive Board, or any Authorized Persaudaraan (as described in 2(c) of this Charter) insofar as the decisions or actions of that Persaudaraan relate to its representation of the Central Organization and the art of Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan.

b) The Guru Besar/President is empowered to issue Presidential Directives which take precedence over any decision or action of the Executive Board, or any Authorized Persaudaraan as in part (a) above.

C. The Central Organization may establish local associations (Persaudaraan) or authorize existing Persaudaraan to promote and propagate the art of Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan. These shall be referred to as Authorized Persaudaraan.

i. Any Authorized Persaudaraan teaching Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan under the auspices of the Perguruan Kuntao Matjan shall be required to do so under the oversight and according to the standards and regulations of the Central Organization.

ii. Where any Authorized Persaudaraan fails to conform to those standards and regulations the Central Organization may withdraw its sanction for that Persaudaraan for either a fixed or indefinite period as per 4 of this Charter.

iii. The Certified Guru of any Authorized Persaudaraan shall also serve as a member of the Executive Board.(a) Where the Certified Guru of any Authorized Persaudaraan cannot be present at any

meeting of the Executive Board, they may give written authorization another member of the Board to represent them and vote on their behalf on any item on the agenda of that meeting. Written authorization may include explicit instructions as regarding the expression of any concerns by the appointed proxy, and the disposition of the absent member's vote by the appointed proxy.

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(b) The Central Organization shall be required to notify the Heads of Authorized Peraudaraan of any plans for the Executive Board to meet a minimum of four weeks in advance, and reasonable advance notice of the agenda of that meeting.

iv. An Authorized Persaudaraan may be established only by a Fully Certified Guru as specified in 3(c)ii of this Charter, and with the permission of the Guru Besar/President.

v. An existing organization seeking to become an Authorized Persaudaraan must first have its head instructor trained and assessed as a Fully Certified Guru under the terms of 3(c)ii of this Charter, and only with the subsequent permission of the Guru Besar/President.

vi. Authorized Persaudaraan shall be identified and recorded in Schedule 2 of the Charter. The Charters of those individual Persaudaraan shall be given in subsequent Schedules to this Charter.

D. Where necessary, the Central Perguruan Kuntao Matjan Organization may appoint a central role to one or another Authorized Persaudaraan such that the Persaudaraan shall provide headquarters facilities for the Central Organization. This function shall be analogous to the lead role of the Ikatan Pencak Silat Indonesia (IPSI) within PERSILAT.

i. As of 2 February 2001, the Flying Dragon Institute (Canada) shall continue to occupy this Central Role and serve as the lead organization within the Perguruan Kuntao Matjan.

ii. The duties and functions of Flying Dragon (Canada) are specified in Article 3 of the Flying Dragon Institute Charter (Schedule 3 of this Charter).

3. Membership

A. Membership of the Central Organization may be on an institutional or individual basis.

i. Institutional Memberships shall be held by authorized Persaudaraan under the conditions of Article 2(C) of this charter. Institutional memberships shall only be awarded to Authorized Persaudaraan insofar as they are organized and taught by at least one Black Sash Guru fully certified by the Central Organization under the conditions of Individual Membership as in 3(A)ii below.

ii. Individual Memberships shall be awarded only to individuals receiving instruction directly from the President or Deputy President either as Fully Certified Gurus or where no formally constituted Persaudaraan has been established to provide instruction in Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan.

B. After a probationary period, prospective members of the Perguruan Kuntao Matjan shall be required to undertake the traditional offering and vows of the art. At this point they shall be considered fully recognized students in the tradition.

i. Prospective members of any Authorized Persaudaraan shall be required to undertake the same offerings and vows with respect to the certified Guru responsible for that Persaudaraan.

ii. The vows and standards of the art of Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan to which an Individual Member must swear are:a) Not to teach the art for money.b) Not to challenge their teacher to fight.c) To be a protector of the weak and the poor.d) Not to change the art, although they are permitted to study other arts.

iii. Specifics of the rituals involved in taking these vows, and in associated rituals signifying acceptance as a fully Certified Guru in the art are considered rahasia, and shall be propagated by oral tradition only.

C. Individual members shall be subject to examination for the purpose of evaluation and eventual certification in accordance with the standards, techniques and methods of Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan.

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i. Examinations will be based upon individual performance, strengths and weaknesses with regards to the standards, techniques and methods of Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan. Examinations can only be undertaken by a Certified Black Sash Guru of the system, and within any Authorized Persaudaraan are the responsibility of the senior Guru acting as Head of that Persaudaraan.

ii. Evaluation and ranking within the art of Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan shall be on the basis of the following overall divisions:

(a) Murid: A junior student or anak murid in Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan shall be distinguished by the wearing of a white sash (selendang putih). There shall be four grades of Murid distinguished by a plain uniform (baju pangsi) at first until awarded a a simple white sash and subsequently one, two or three black stripes on that sash. In ordinary course of training there shall be an interval of one year between each division requiring four years to achieve the third stripe.

(b) Jurulatih: A senior student or Jurulatih (or pelatih) is also authorized to lead work-outs and undertake subordinate teaching under the authority of a Fully Certified Guru. A jurulatih shall be distinguished by the wearing of a brown or red sash, and in due course three subsequent black stripes on that sash, requiring in ordinary course one full year of consistent training between each level with the grade.

(c) Guru: A guru is a teacher of the art, and shall be distinguished by the wearing of a black sash. There shall be four grades of Black Sash Guru: a junior teacher or Guru Muda may teach the art in an established school or Authorized Persaudaraan under the authority of a full Guru, Maha Guru or the Guru Besar, but is not permitted to open and operate a school on their own authority. A fully Certified Guru who has been so recognized by the traditional and rahasia rituals identified in 3(B)iii of this Charter may open a school or establish an Authorized Persaudaraan of their own subject to the approval and oversight of the Guru Besar of Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan. Where a fully Certified Guru has mastered the technical skills, methods and pedagogy of the art to a high level, and has shown a high degree of accomplishment in the medicinal, internal and spiritual teachings of the art they be recognised on the authority of the Guru Besar as a Master-Teacher or Maha Guru. The highest rank shall be the Chief Instructor or Guru Besar of the system as a whole. The Guru Besar shall have final authority of all aspects of the standards, techniques, methods and pedagogy of the art of Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan, and shall also serve as President of the Central Perguruan Kuntao Matjan Organization.

4. Discipline

A. Members of the Perguruan Kuntao Matjan shall be expected to observe and conform to the standards and regulations of the Central Organization, of any Authorized Persaudaraan of which they may be members, and of the laws and by-laws of the countries in which they are resident.

B. The Guru Besar/President of the Central Organization shall have final authority over all disciplinary matters in both the Central Organization and any Authorized Persaudaraan.

C. Within schools or Authorized Persaudaraan, discipline therein shall be the responsibility of the certified Guru acting as Head of that school or Persaudaraan.

D. Where individuals or Authorized Persaudaraan have violated the provisions of 4(A), they may be liable to disciplinary action through suspension from the activities of the Central Organization and/or its Authorized Persaudaraan for a fixed or indefinite interval, or through suspension of membership in the Central Organization and/or its Authorized Persaudaraan, or permanent termination of those memberships.

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i. As in all matters of policy, final authority and decision on any disciplinary action shall rest with the Guru Besar/President.

ii. Where disciplinary action may be required, the Executive Board of the Central Organization shall convene a Disciplinary Subcommittee empowered to request evidence and statements from any and all persons and/or institutions involved. At the conclusion of its enquiry, the Subcommittee shall submit a Disciplinary Recommendation to the Executive Board which must be approved by the Board as a whole before submission for approval to the Guru Besar/President.

(a) Where suspension of an individual or Authorized Persaudaraan from activities undertaken by the Central Organization for a fixed or indefinite term has been recommended, approval shall require a simple majority of the Executive Board.

(b) Where suspension of membership for an individual or of authorization of an Authorized Persaudaraan for a fixed term has been recommended, approval shall require a two thirds majority of the Executive Board.

(c) Where suspension of membership for an individual or of authorization of an Authorized Persaudaraan for an indefinite term has been recommended, approval shall require a three quarters majority of the Executive Board.

(d) Where permanent withdrawal of membership for an individual or of authorization of an Authorized Persaudaraan has been recommended, approval shall require a unanimous vote of majority of the Executive Board.

(e) Any Disciplinary Recommendation approved by the Executive Board shall require the approval of the Guru Besar/President.

(f) The Guru Besar/President is empowered to veto any Recommendation and require an alternative course of action under a Presidential Directive in accordance with 2(B)ii(c) of this charter.

5. Amendment to the Charter

A. Where necessary, the Guru Besar/President and the Executive Board may see fit to alter or amend this charter.

B. Any alteration to this Charter shall require the approval of the Guru Besar/President.C. The Executive Board may propose alteration or amendment as per its Advisory and Consultative Role

as in 2(B) of this Charter. Such an alteration may be submitted to the Guru Besar/President as a Proposal of Amendment and must be agreed by a three quarters majority of the Executive Board and the approval of the Assistant Guru Besar/Deputy President. On such a motion the Board may submit a Proposal of Amendment for approval of the Guru Besar/President under 5(A)i of this charter.

D. Where an Authorized Persaudaraan has made any alteration or amendment to its charter in so far as it affects that Association's role within the Perguruan Kuntao Matjan, it must be submitted to the Guru Besar/President for approval

i. If any Authorized Persaudaraan alters or amends its Charter it must notify the Central Organization within three months for review and approval by the Guru Besar/President.

ii. Where an Authorized Persaudaraan has altered or amended its Charter, the Central Organization shall be required to make the reformed Association Charter available to the Executive Board of the Central Organization and to the Persatuan Pencak Silat Antarabangsa (PERSILAT) within an additional three months in the form of a revised Schedule to this Charter.

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Schedule I

Executive Board of the Central Perguruan Kuntao Matjan Organization

Revision Date: 02/2001

1. The PresidencyA. As the closest surviving student of Carel Faulhaber still teaching the traditional form of Pencak Silat

Kuntao Matjan, Richard Edward Kudding shall hold the dual posts of Guru Besar of Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan and has President of the Perguruan Kuntao Matjan Central Organization. He shall also therefore act as President and Guru Besar of any subordinate or affiliate Persaudaraan insofar as they undertake propagation and promotion of Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan.

B. As the closest student with the greatest knowledge of the system as taught by the Guru Besar, Richard Kudding, Dr. Philip Howard John Davies shall serve as Deputy President and Assistant Guru Besar.

2. Executive BoardA. At present there are five Executive Posts within the Central Organization Executive Board; the Guru

Besar/President, the Deputy President/Assistant Guru Besar, the Head of the Flying Institute with the posts of Treasurer and Secretary provided by the Flying Dragon Institute (Canada) according its Central Role item 3(B)ii of its Charter (Schedule 3 to this Charter).

B. Incumbents to the posts on the Perguruan Kuntao Matjan Executive Board provided by the Flying Dragon Institute as of February, 2001 are:

i. Head of the Flying Dragon Institute: Guru Muda Barry Dick.ii. Treasurer of the Flying Dragon Institute: Ibu Kathleen Kuddingiii. Secretary of the Flying Dragon Institute: Jurulatih Dan Brocklebank.

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Schedule 2Authorized Persaudaraan

Revision Date: 02/2001

1. The Flying Dragon Institute (Canada)

A. There shall continue to be a Flying Dragon Institute (Canada) which shall serve to promote and propagate the art of Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan. The Flying Dragon Institute (Canada) Charter shall be appended to the Charter of the Central Organization as Schedule 3.

B. The Flying Dragon Institute (Canada) shall serve a Central Role as the lead organization within the Perguruan Kuntao Matjan as stated in 2(D) of the Perguruan Kuntao Matjan Charter, and according to the terms and conditions of 3 of the Flying Dragon Institute Charter.

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Schedule 3

Charter of the Flying Dragon Institute (Canada)

Revision Date: 02/2001

1. Purpose

A. The Flying Dragon Institute exists to propagate and promote the art of Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan in Canada, in accordance with the standards and requirements of the Central Perguruan Kuntao Matjan Organization.

2. Organization

A. The Institute shall have an Institute Head answerable directly to the President of the Central Organization and sitting on the Executive Board of the Central Organization. To assist him he shall appoint an Executive Board of the Institute under the authority and approval of the President. That Executive Board shall have both an executive and an advisory/consultative function.

i. Any executive action by the Executive Board or one of its officials shall require approval from the Head.

B. The Executive Board shall consist in the first instance of a Treasurer and a Secretary, and any ad hoc offices that the Head may see fit to appoint in a fixed or indefinite term capacity.

i. The Institute Head shall be answerable to the President through the Deputy President, and shall be responsible for all routine policy and operations of the Institute in both its regional role and its Central Role as described in 3 of this Charter. The Head shall also be responsible for relations between the Institute and other organizations in Canada.

ii. The role of the Treasurer shall be to oversee the financial resources and expenditure of the Institute and of the Central Organization in the Institute's Central Role.

iii. The Secretary shall be responsible for the routine administration of the Institute in both its national and Central Roles, as well as the implementation of policy and operations decisions made by the President, Head and by the Executive Boards of the Central Organization and the Institute.

iv. Ad hoc posts may be created and officers appointed to the Executive Board by the Head as executive decisions approved by the Board for fixed term appointments, but requiring in addition approval from the President of the Central Organization for the creation of any permanent or indefinite posts.

3. Central Role

A. As the Association representative the Central Perguruan Kuntao Matjan Organization in Canada where the President and Guru Besar is currently resident, the Flying Dragon Institute will provide Headquarters facilities for the Central Organization. It will, therefore, act as Lead Association within Perguruan Kuntao Matjan in a fashion similar to the lead role of Ikatan Pencak Silat Indonesia with the Persatuan Silat Antarabangsa.

B. As the Lead Association within the Central Organization, the Flying Dragon Institute will make provision for all central administrative services required by the Perguruan Kuntao Matjan. As a result, permanent members of the Flying Dragon Executive Board shall occupy the equivalent posts on the Executive Board of the Central Organization.

i. As per 2 of this Charter, the permanent offices of the Flying Dragon Institute shall be Head, Secretary and Treasurer.

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ii. Each of the Flying Dragon Executive Offices shall include a concomitant role on the Perguruan Kuntao Matjan Executive Board. The Head of the Flying Dragon Institute may act on behalf or deputized to serve in assistance of the Deputy President and President of the Central Organization. The Treasurer of the Flying Dragon Institute shall be responsible for the administration of any central funds, or funds received or held for the general use of the Perguruan Kuntao Matjan as a whole. The Secretary of the Flying Dragon Institute shall be responsible for any central administrative tasks of the Central Organization and record keeping required by the Perguruan Kuntao Matjan as a whole.

iii. Ad hoc posts on the Flying Dragon Institute Executive Board of fixed term or indefinite standing shall not hold equivalent positions on the Executive Board of the Central Organization.

5. Membership

A. Whereas the Perguruan Kuntao Matjan membership shall be composed of both individual and institutional members, the Flying Dragon Institute shall only admit individual members. Membership of the Flying Dragon Institute shall be upon the personal recommendation of the Head of the Flying Dragon Institute or either the President or Deputy President of the Central Organization.

B. Once approved, membership of the Flying Dragon Institute shall be contingent upon strict observation of vows taken upon entering into the art, upon strict of observation of the Rules and Standards of the Flying Dragon Institute (4(C)) and Central Organization, and upon compliance with Canadian law.

C. Students of the Flying Dragon Institute shall conform to the following rules:

i. Always extend the utmost respect and courtesy, adat and hormat, to your teacher inside and outside the gelanggang. The teacher should be addressed as guru. A hormat is necessary in the gelanggang. Outside you should salam your guru as befits circumstances.

ii. Respect and courtesy must be extended to higher grade students who, in turn, must be helpful and kind to lower grade students, always setting an example for them.

iii. Hormat on entering and leaving the gelanggang.iv. When approaching or departing your teacher or a senior student you must hormat. Lower

your eyes when making a hormat to your teacher, but you may make eye contact with a fellow student. Hormat before training with another student.

v. If you are unable to attend gelanggang you must notify the teacher or a senior student in advance. You are expected to attend 80% or more of all gelanggang.

vi. Contributions, where required, to Institute resources or facilities should be made promptly as a sign of adat and hormat.

vii. Do not ask your teacher when you will be graded.viii. Keep yourself and your uniform clean.ix. Train conscientiously by always trying to improve your abilities.x. Students are expected to display adat and hormat in and out of gelanggang. Violation of

these, or misuse of silat skills will lead to disciplinary action up to, and possible including expulsion from the Flying Dragon Institute and the Perguruan Kuntao Matjan.

5. Discipline

A. Where there is an alleged violation of items 4(B) and/or 4(C), the Flying Dragon Institute Executive Board shall convene a Disciplinary Subcommittee of not less than three persons to examine the allegations and evidence. When all available evidence from sides of the claim has been examined, the Disciplinary Subcommittee shall submit its evaluation and recommended course of action, including disciplinary measures, to the Executive Board. The Executive Board may then choose to accept that recommendation or an alternative action.

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i. Where disciplinary action is to be taken, and a fixed or indefinite term of suspension from specified activities by the Flying Dragon Institute may be agreed by a simple majority of the Executive Board. A fixed term suspension of membership from the Flying Dragon Institute shall require a two thirds majority of the Board while suspension for an indefinite term must be approved by a three quarters majority. A permanent dismissal from the Flying Dragon Institute shall require a unanimous vote, and must be accompanied with an application to the Central Organization from permanent dismissal therefrom under Article 5 of the Charter of the Central Organization.

6. Amendment to the Charter of the Flying Dragon Institute (Canada)

A. The Head and Executive Board of the Flying Dragon Institute (Canada) may, from time to time, see the need to alter or amend this Charter.

B. Any alteration to this Charter shall require the approval of the Guru Besar/President of the Central Kuntao Matjan Organization under 5(D)i of the Perguruan Kuntao Matjan Charter within three months.

C. Any alteration to this Charter shall require the approval of the Head of the Flying Dragon Institute.E. The Executive Board may propose alteration or amendment as per its Advisory and Consultative Role

as in 2(A) of this Charter. Such an alteration may be submitted to the Head as a Proposal of Amendment and must be agreed by a three quarter's majority of the Executive Board. On such a motion the Board may submit a Proposal of Amendment for approval of the Guru Besar/President under 6(C) of this charter.

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Appendix on Pencak Silat in CanadaAt this time, Pencak Silat remains one of the least developed martial arts in Canada. There have historically been relatively few permanent or long-term residents qualified to teach in this tradition in the country, despite its traditionally rich ethnic make-up and large numbers of Indonesian, Malaysian and Dutch-Indonesian residents at any given point in time.

Throughout the three decades of Pak Richard Kudding's teaching in Canada, and the spread of his students across the continent, only a handful of silat practitioners have ever come to our attention. During the 1980s, there was a junior instructor of Perisai Diri studying at the University of Toronto, during which time a senior member of the Consular staff (Sigit Wardono) was himself a practitioner of Merpati Putih. A small number of Dutch-Indonesians practice and teach, but only on a limited and essentially private scale. The internationally active aliran of Mande Muda has been active in some quarters, and there is reported to be at least one individual certified to instruct by the late Herman Suwanda. However, we have not at this time been able to identify that individual. Similarly, there have been reports of another member of an Indonesian consulate active in a form of Sundanese silat in Western Canada. Most silat practiced in Canada is taught by Dutch Indonesians, often of aliran which have not yet become publicly active or sought involvement in the international silat community. There are at least two gurus active in Calgary besides Pak Richard who might, in due course, be contacted and invited to participate (if they are so inclined).

Were a Canadian Branch of PERSILAT to be established, the Flying Dragon Institute (Canada) would immediately undertake a systematic campaign to identify, contact and coordinate exponents of established, PERSILAT-recognised perguruan. The Central Perguruan Kuntao Matjan Organization and the Flying Dragon Institute (Canada) would make all information held on possible silat groups in the country available to PERSILAT, while at the same time conducting a thorough survey of the Institute's long-standing contacts in the Indonesian and Dutch-Indonesian communities in Canada. We could also undertake an internet-based search for practitioners and representatives of these perguruan and aliran. In this capacity, we could subsequently act as facilitators and advisers for any teachers and perguruan seeking recognition from PERSILAT, particularly those amongst the Dutch-Indonesian diaspora seeking to re-establish their Indonesian roots. In addition, the Guru Besar/President and Assistant Guru Besar/Deputy President of the Central Perguruan Kuntao Matjan Organization have discussed and compiled detailed plans for a Canadian Pencak Silat Federation which can be implemented as soon as such as Federation may be established.

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Contact Information:

Pak Richard Kudding

Home:248 Silver Creek Way NWCalgary, Alberta T3B 4H5, Canada

Tel: +1 (403) 247 2627Fax: +1 (403) 247 2627

Work:Tel: +1 (403) 292 7978

Mobile:+1 (403) 701 8201

Email:rkudding@home.comrichard.kudding@atcostructures.com

Perguruan Web Page:members.tripod.co.uk/kuntao_matjan/

This document can be downloaded in MS Word and Adobe Acrobat formats from the Perguruan web site at:members.tripod.co.uk/kuntao_matjan/persilat-report.docmembers.tripod.co.uk/kuntao_matjan/persilat-report.pdf

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AcknowledgementsPak Richard Kudding and the Perguruan Pencak Silat Kuntao Matjan are deeply grateful to the following individuals for their advice and assistance in the preparation of this document: Pak Aidinal Alrashid, President of the UK Pencak Silat Federation; Rudy Faulhaber, son of the late Pak Carel Faulhaber; and Miriam de Spa-Gerdes and her late husband, Harry de Spa.

Dr. Philip H.J. Davies

Home:c/o No.14 Jalan USJ 9/5A, Subang Jaya47500 Petaling JayaMalaysia

Tel: +60 3 563 22387

Work:Jabatan Pengajian Antarabangsa dan StrategiUniversity of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia

Email:phj_davies@hotmail.comlws98phd@reading.ac.uk