kuliah_10 - subnetting routing

7/24/2019 Kuliah_10 - Subnetting Routing

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Subnetting &Routing

ComputerNetworking: ATop Down

Approach

6th

editionJim Kurose, KeithRossAddison-WesleyMarch 202


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IP ADDRESSING (IPV4)

2


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!" Addresses

A uni#ue identi$er %or a node or hostconnection on the netor'

(2-bit binary number re)resented as *

decimal +alues ach decimal +alue re)resenting bit .'non as

octet/

+ery !" address consists o% to )arts,etor' !1 and ost !1

(

*0 345 3220 3200

00000

3000

3000

300000


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!" Addresses

!" Address ni#ue de+ice .host/ address

Subnet Mas' !denti$es hich )ortion o% !" Address is

the etor' !1 and hich )ortion is theost !1

1e%ault 7ateay !" Address o% the Router on the same

subnet

*

8230430234 !" Address

2883288328830 Subnet Mas'

823043023 1e%ault 7ateay


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etor' !1 and ost !1

etor' !1 Shared ith all

com)uters on the

same subnet ni#ue on the

entire netor'

9Area :ode;

ost !1

!denti$es a s)eci$cde+ice .ost/ ithina subnet

ni#ue on the

subnet 9"hone umber;

8


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etor' Address and >roadcastAddress

etor' Address?he )ortion o% ost

!1 is set to all 90;s >roadcast Address

?he )ortion o% ost!1 is set to all 9;s

!t s)eci$es abroadcast that is

sent to all hosts onthe netor'

6

IP Address NetworkAddress

BroadcastAddress

*034532203200@6

*03453030 *034532883288


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Address :lasses= etor' !1s and ost!1s

:lass A .stctet B 24/ etor'3ost3ost3ost

:lass > .stctet 2 B 5/ etor'3etor'3ost3ost

:lass : .stctet 52 B 22(/ etor'3etor'3etor'3ost

4


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Address :lass Summary

1stOctet Network IDs Hosts IDs

Class A B 24 26 6,444,2*

Class B 2 B 5 6,(* 68,8(*

Class C 52 B 22( 2,054,82 28*


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"ri+ate !" Address

?here are three !" netor' addressesreser+ed %or )ri+ate netor' .RC:5/

5

Address Classes Priate IP AddressRa!"e

A 0303030 to0328832883288

> 42363030 to

423632883288: 52363030 to

523632883288


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S#BNE$$ING

0


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What is a SubnetD

A >roadcast 1omain?he )ortion o% the netor' that you can

retrie+e in%ormation %rom by using a

broadcast )ac'et Routers donEt %orard broadcasts

!" Addressing Rules

All de+ices on the same subnet share acommon etor' !1

ach subnet has a uni#ue etor' !1s


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Subnetting

7oal= to control netor' traFc

A router is used to connect !"netor's to minimiGe the amount o%traFc each subnet must recei+e

2


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Subnet Mas'ing

?o identi%y the )ortion o% etor' !1and ost !1

?he netor' bits are re)resented by9;s in the mas', and host bits arere)resented by 90;s

(

000

00

3

000

3

000

3

00000

*034532203

200

!" Address

3

300000

300000000

2883288322*30

Subnet Mas'

00000

3000

300000

30000000

*034535230

etor'Address


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Subnetting

!" address s)ace as de)letingra)idly?he !nternet ngineering ?as' Corce

.!?C/ introduced :lassless !nter-1omainRouting .:!1R/ :!1R uses Hariable Iength Subnet Mas'ing

.HISM/ to hel) conser+e address s)ace HISM is sim)ly subnetting a subnet

*


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:lass%ul !" Addressing

?he !"+* :lass%ul AddressingStructure .RC: 450/ An !" address has 2 )arts=

?he netor' )ortion

?he host )ortion

8


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:lassless !" Addressing

?he 9class%ul; system o% allocating !"address can be +ery aste%ul Solution= use a scheme called CIDR

.RC: 84/ >y accurately allocating only the amount o%

address s)ace that as actually needed

6


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HISM B Hariable Iength SubnetMas'ing

V%S&B the )rocess o%sub-netting a subnetto$t your needs

E'ale*

Subnet 033030+1,, more bits are borroedagain, to create 286subnets ith a +-4mas'3

Mas' allos %or 28* hostaddresses )er subnet

Subnets range %rom=

033030 @ 2* to03328830 @ 2*

Same )rocess %or Subnet0323030+1,

4


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HISM

Subnet 03(3030+1,, 2more bits are borroedagain, to create *,056subnets ith a +-.mas'3 Mas' allos %or * host

addresses )er subnet Subnets range %rom= 03(3030

@ 2 to 03(328832*0 @ 2

Subnet 03*3030+1,, *more bits are borroedagain, to create 6 subnets

ith a +-/mas'3 Mas' allos %or 2,0*6 hostaddresses )er subnet

Subnets range %rom= 03*3030@ 20 to 03*32*030 @ 20


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:ase Study= HISM

Iets ta'e our e


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Solution to :ase Study=HISM

20


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2


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22


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:!1R B :lassless !nter1omain

Routing

Ad+antages= More eFcient use o% !"+* address s)ace

Route summariGation Reduce routing table siGe

Reduce routing u)date traFc

2(


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:!1R


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:!1R

Route summariGation done by :!1R Routes are summariGed ith mas's that are

less than that o% the de%ault class%ul mas'.su)ernetting/


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:!1R

Ste)s to calculate aroute summary=

3 Iist netor's in binary%ormat

23 :ount number o% le%tmost matching bits todetermine summaryrouteEs mas'

(3 :o)y the matching

bits and Gero bits todetermine thesummariGed netor'address

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:ase Study= :!1R

Aan !S" ith a relati+ely large 435*3030@8address bloc' .(,040 hosts/ might chooseto hierarchically di+ide it3

!n this case it is $rst di+ided in hal% into to @6bloc's3

ne is reser+ed, hile the other is di+ided into%our @ bloc's3

ach o% those is di+ided into bloc's o% a dierentsiGe, to allo allocation to organiGations re#uiringu) to 62, 26, 28* or 80 hosts res)ecti+ely3

24


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Solution to :ase Study=:!1R

2


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Solution to :ase Study=:!1R

25


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:alculate this netor' to)ologyL

(0


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Re%erences

3learntosubnet3com

3ral)hb3net

3tc)i)guide3com:isco etor'ing Academy

(
http://www.learntosubnet.com/http://www.ralphb.net/http://www.tcpipguide.com/http://www.tcpipguide.com/http://www.ralphb.net/http://www.learntosubnet.com/

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