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A total of 300 newly diagnosed patients with

laryngeal cancer are allocated to treatment with

ei_ther surgical excision alone or surgical excisionplus radiation treatment. Select the study design

which most appropriately illustrates.

* Clinical trial Case series report Case report Case-control study Cohort study

A 39-year-old man with a mild sore throat, fever,

malaise, and headache. He was treated with

penicillin for presumed streptococcal infection. He

returns after a week with hypotension, fever, rash,

and abdominal pain. He responds favorably tochloramphenicol, after a diagnosis of Rocky

Mountain spotted fever. Select the study design itmost appropriately illustrates.

* Case report Case series report Clinical trial Case-control study Cohort study

A total of 3500 patients with thyroid cancer areidentified and surveyed by patient interviews

re_garding past exposure to radiation. Select the

study design it most appropriately illustrates.

* Case series report Case report Clinical trial Case-control study Cohort study

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A total of 10,000 Vietnam veterans, half of whom

are known by combat records to have been in areas

where Agent Orange was used and half of whom

are known to have been in areas where no Agent

Orange was used, are asked to give a history ofcancer since discharge. Select the study design it

most appropriately illustrates.

* Cohort study Case series report Clinical trial Case-control study Case report

Patients admitted for carcinoma of the stomach areage- and sex-matched with fellow patients without

a diagnosis of cancer and surveyed as to smoking

history to assess the possible association of

smoking and gastric cancer. Select the study design

it most appropriately illustrates.

* Case-control study Case series report Clinical trial Case report Cohort study

In the report of a survey of children in a rural

community, the mean weights of two groups of 2

year-olds were reported to be 9.1 kg and 10.2 kg,and the difference was reported to be "statistically

significant (P = 0.02) by a chi-squared test".

* The wrong kind of

statistical test was

used.

There is good evidence

that the two groups are

different.

One should not

compare weights using

means; one shouldalways use modes.

One should not

compare weights using

means; one shouldalways use medians.

The confidence

interval for the

difference in meansincludes zero.

Data are available giving the percentage

breakdown of a sample of residents of an urban

area into five ethnic groups. These five percentages

can be shown graphically in a:

* Pie chart Histogram Scatter diagram Cumulative frequency

plot

Bar diagram

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Uncontrolled hypertension doesnt increase the risk

of developing the following diseases:

*Diabetes Cerebrovascular

diseases

Coronary heart disease Renal disease Stroke

Select the risk factor most likely to be associatedwith breast cancer:

* Family history Dietary habits Tobacco smoking High serum cholesterol Uncontrolled elevationof blood pressure

Risk factors for lung cancer include all of the

following EXCEPT:

* Family history Smoking Occupational exposure Air pollution Radiation

A woman whose ectopic pregnancy has ruptured at

18 weeks gestation hemorrhages internally, goes

into shock, and eventually dies. Select the

classification that most closely represents the case

history.

*Direct maternal

mortality

Perinatal mortality Neonatal mortality Postneonatal mortality Infant mortality

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The mean systolic blood pressure in a random

sample of 180 men is 141.4 mm of mercury, and

the 95\% confidence interval is from 139.2 to

143.6.

* We have 95\%

confidence that the true

(population) value lies

in this interval.

The true value is equally

likely to be 139.2, 141.4

or 143.6.

Everyone makes

mistakes in measuring

data and carrying out

calculations; the

confidence interval isto allow this.

95\% of population

means lie in the

interval.

The confidence

interval shows that the

mean is statistically

significant.

In a nutrition survey of children in a rural area in adeveloping country, the mean standardised weights

for age were compared between boys and girls and

a statistical significance test carried out. The test

result was P = 0.23.

* There is no evidenceof a true difference

between boys and girls.

There is strong evidenceof a true difference

between boys and girls.

P is quite large, so thenull hypothesis is true.

P is not large enough toprove the null

hypothesis as true.

P is quite large, sothere is probably a true

difference between

boys and girls.

In a study to investigate the association of a certain

alcoholic drink and oesophageal cancer, a series of

cases were interviewed to find out how manyreported regular consumption. A random sample of

controls from the same community were similarly

interviewed. The proportions reporting

consumption were higher in cases than in controls,

with P = 0.04.

* Age and/or sex must

be adjusted for before

any conclusions can bedrawn

There is strong evidence

of a real association.

There is no evidence

of any association.

The wrong kind of

statistical test was used.

One cannot draw any

conclusions from such

a study.

In a sample of 66 adult women, the mean reported

age of menarche was 12.4 years and the median

12.7 years. Also, the standard deviation was 10

years and the range from 10 to 15 years.

* The distribution is

approximately

symmetric

75\% of women had

reached menarche after

12.4 years.

One is 95\% confident

that the true mean lies

between 10.4 and 14.4

years

The standard error is

0.3 years

One cannot draw any

conclusions from such

a study.

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Data from a sample of 33 females from a small

village aged from 22 upwards, gave systolic blood

pressures and ages. The relationship between the

two appeared substantially linear in a scatter

diagram and the fitted regression equation is BP =81.5 + 1.22 x age, and is statistically significant (t

= 5.7, P < 0.001). The correlation coefficient is

0.72. We can deduce,

*The average

increment of blood

pressure for one year of

age under the

regression model is1.22 mm.

The mean systolic blood

pressure at birth is 81.5

mm.

The blood pressures of

two women ten years

apart in age will differ

by exactly 12.2 mm.

Because the relation

seemed linear,

regression is not an

appropriate technique.

One cannot draw any

conclusions from such

a study

In a sample of 38 medical students, the correlationcoefficient of the course work marks and final

examination marks for pathology was 0.74. The

coefficient for course and final marks in a different

sample of 31 students, in surgery was 0.05. From

these results we can deduce,

*The associationappears stronger for

pathology than for

surgery.

Surgery is more difficultto learn than pathology.

Pathology is moredifficult to learn than

surgery.

Course work tests andthe final examination

measure different

aspects of knowledge in

surgery.

The wrong kind ofstatistical test was

used.

All of the following are criteria for screening a

population for a given condition EXCEPT:

*Screening should be

available to and used

by the entire population

The natural history of

the condition should be

understood

The condition must

represent an important

health problem

Suitable screening tests

for the condition must

exist

Accepted treatment for

the condition should be

available

The DRG (diagnosis-related groups) payment

system is best described by which payment

methodologies?

* Per admission Per diem Capitation Fee-for-service Risk corridor

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Select the term that best matches the definition

Death of liveborn infant before 1 year of age:

*Infant mortality Perinatal mortality Neonatal mortality Spontaneous abortion Postneonatal mortality

The work in conditions of electromagnetic wavesinfluence can cause the dynamic abnormalities of

certain body systems. Which systems are the most

sensitive to the action of electromagnetic waves of

radio-frequency diapason?

* Nervous andcardiovascular systems

Digestive andrespiratory systems

Cardiovascular andrespiratory systems

Cardiovascular andmusculoskeletal

systems

Nervous and digestivesystems

The man with body-mass of 60 kg intakes 600 mg

nitrates with daily food ration. How many times

does the real intake of nitrates exceed permissible?

* 2 times 5 times 10 times 60 times 100 times

In the dull December days (calm and mist) the

respiratory system diseases and diseases

accompanied by signs of general intoxication in the

region where thermoelectric power station works

on the solid fuel increased. The mortality among

persons over 60 also increased. Which factor mayprobably cause the toxic effects?

*Suspended substances

(dust)

Lead Low temperature Air humidity Photooxidants

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The abnormalities of bone system development,

the delay of fontanelle over-growth, the delay of

teeth were observed among children of N-city.

Which surplus micro-element contained in the

drinking water can cause these changes?

*Strontium Calcium Cadmium Arsenic Magnesium

The fulfilment of sanitary-hygienic control of airmedium of hospital wards in somatic department of

town clinic hospital the air samples were taken by

aspiratory method. Which MAC is used for

corporation in evaluation of hygienic conditions of

patients staying in the hospital?

*MAC of atmosphericair

MAC of working zone Average monthlyMAC

Average annual MAC Average MAC perworking shift

All departments and subdivisions of a district

hospital having 300 beds are disposed in the

separate one- and two-storey buildings. Which isthe type of hospital construction?

* Decentralized Centralized Centralized-

decentralized

Mixed Centralized-sectional

In drinking water samples selected after

purification and disinfected by gaseous chlorine

the following was revealed: chloroform and

threechloracetic acid in concentration three times

more than their MAC. What disease may probably

develop as a result of prolonged intake of thiswater?

*Stomach cancer Urolithiasis Hypertensive disease Stroke Anemia

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In drinking water samples the following substances

were revealed: copper, manganese, iron, lead,

chlorphenol on the level of their MAC. Which

chemical substances mentioned above are limited

for sanitary-toxycological index of harmfulness?

*Lead Iron Manganese Copper Chlorphenol

In blacksmiths-presss shop physical workconnected with unfavourable meteoconditions (air

to- 40-50oC, intensive infra-red radiation), one

worker lost consciousness. Doctor of medical room

testified the following: face pallor, wet skin,

intensive perspiration, surface respiration with BR

of 50 /min, HR of 100/min, delicate filling, body to39,9oC. Which diagnosis is the most possible?

* Heat stroke Sun stroke Convulsion disease Hypertensive disease Angioneurosis

In the air-repair work planes fuselage repair is

carried out. The levels of industrial noise on the

working places constitute 95-97 dBA. The analysisof noise spectrum showed tones with frequency of

100 Hz and higher. Which apparatus was used for

the experiment?

*Noisemeter Audiotester Actynometer Vibrotester Anemometer