Rantai Pasok GlobalThe Challenges of Tomorrow

DRADJAD IRIANTO

Manufacturing Systems Research Group ITB

KPAII WORKSHOP, 11 DESEMBER 2017

OUTLINE

• PENDAHULUAN

• INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION• i2.0 → i3.0

• i3.0 → i4.0

• COLLABORATIVE MANUFACTURING

2

PENDAHULUAN

• The International Academy of Production Engineering (CIRP) describes

manufacturing system as having an integrated group of functions, i.e. marketing, product design, process

design, production planning, production process, and delivery to customer

(Caggiano, 2014 )

3

PENDAHULUAN

• Developing manufacturing industries in Indonesia is still necessary for nation

economic development and providing jobs while contributing to the

preservation of nature.

(Industri Hijau , UU 13/2014)

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SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING

5

SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING

6

SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING chain…

NEW TERMS ..........

GVC Global Value Chain. GVC analysis focuses on the strategic global dispersion of different value added activities in value chain fromthe postioning in product specific value chain.

GPN Global Production Networks. GPN analysis focuses on how aflagship firm’s production network is organized; how it isdispersed across firms and borders; and how technology istransferred among network participants.

GSC Global Supply Chain is a global system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in moving a product or service from supplier to customer.

TNCsTransnational Corporations

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Outsourcing & Kolaborasi

High

HighLow

Low

Local Responsiveness

“Global”

Strategy

“Transnational”

Strategy

“Multidomestic”

Strategy

“International”

Strategy

Cost Reduction

(Global Integration)

8

PENDAHULUAN

• Manufacturing Competitiveness Index

Compete or Collaborate

9

Stabilitas Pertumbuhan

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PREDICT TECHNOLOGY & MARKET

Surce: US National Science Foundation

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REVOLUSI INDUSTRI

Industry 1.0

Industry 2.0

Industry 3.0Industry 4.0

Revolusi industriMekanisasi produksi

Mass productionInterchangeable parts

Quality control Standardization

Mass customizationFlexible ManufacturingComputer integrated

Automation & robotic

i-Cyber-Physical

Internet of thingsCollaborative

manufacturing

e-

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What ever the revolution is:

• The main objectives of an industry:

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INDUSTRY 2.0 → INDUSTRY 3.0

Finished good

Processes

Raw material

?

Profit

Set price

Satisfaction?

Total cost

Finished good

Processes

Raw material

Marketspecifications

ROI (Profit)

Price

Designed

Utility/

Quality

Target cost

MASS PRODUCTION MASS CUSTOMIZATION

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INDUSTRY 2.0 → INDUSTRY 3.0

• Industrial automation & robotics

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Manufacturing Process & Design

Design

ProduceInspect

Repair

On-line manufacturing: eliminate waste & reducing cost

Off-line manufacturing: creating more value through product &

process design

Relocated industry to Indonesia is a “maker”,

mostly is only focused on on-line manufacturing.

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Starting from the end & finished at the beginning(Habibie, Indonesian aircraft)

Design

ProduceInspect

Repair Technology for product development through

advancement of production, inspection,

repair & design in double loops.

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Starting from the end, and finished at the beginning

PT. Dirgantara Indonesia (Nurtanio)

NBO 105

A380

C212

N250

CN235

1980

1995

Since then

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INDUSTRY 3.0 → INDUSTRY 4.0

Finished good

Processes

Raw material

Marketspecifications

ROI (Profit)

Price

Designed

Quality

Target cost

Price

Designed

Quality

Target cost

Process k

Process 1

Process 2

Process …

Aku

mulasibiaya

Value added 1

Value added 2

Value added …

Value added k

More on value creation & cost reduction

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INDUSTRY 3.0 → INDUSTRY 4.0

Price

Designed

Quality

Target cost

Process k

Process 1

Process 2

Process …

Aku

mulasibiaya

Industry ACore competence 1

Industry BCore competence 2

Industry …Core competence …

Industry KCore competence k

More on value creation & cost reduction…Core competence on process & worker

Value chain, networked, collaborative

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SIPOC

INDUSTRY 3.0 → INDUSTRY 4.0

OutsourcingOutsourcing

Outsourcing …Internet connection+

Demand Pull

)(...)()()(

2

2

2

2

1

2

1

n

n

xVarx

gxVar

x

gxVar

x

gyVar

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INDUSTRY 3.0 → INDUSTRY 4.0

Production processes and products are being digitized (cyber physical); manufacturers, suppliers and customers are establishing closer networks, and innovation

cycles are being reduced.

Internet connection

Industry A

Industry B

Industry D

Industry K

Industry C

Industry …

INPUT PROCESSES (OUTSOURCING, GLOBAL) OUTPUT

Networked & collaborating Industries

Vendor & retailers

Suppliers

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COLLABORATIVE MANUFATURING

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Collaborative

manufacturing

System for SME

Demand from local assembler

Existing SMEs

New SME (start up)

Metrology & production

facilities

R&D –engineering

design

Incubator Financial &

legal supports

Human resource dev.

Assembler, after market & export

Demand from abroad

Technopark management

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COLLABORATIVE MANUFATURING

• Process outsourcing: a process selection model

Process j

Rework i

Scrap i

Process M

Rework i

Scrap i

Process 1

Rework i

Scrap i

Stage i

Process j

Rework 1

Scrap 1

Process 1

Rework 1

Scrap 1

Process M

Rework 1

Scrap 1

Stage 1

Process j

Rework N

Scrap N

Process M

Rework N

Scrap N

Process 1

Rework N

Scrap N

Stage N

Process 1

Rework i

Scrap i

Stage i

Process 1

Rework 1

Scrap 1

Stage 1

Process 1

Rework N

Scrap N

Stage N

Existing sytem

alternative

Jerusalem et al., 2015

25

COLLABORATIVE MANUFATURING• Process outsourcing: a process selection optimization

mathematical model to maximize profit

N

i

ij

S

ij

S

i

M

j

S

ii

N

i

ij

R

ij

R

i

M

j

R

iR

ij

R

i

R

ij

R

i

i

N

i

M

j

ijij

ij

N

i

M

j

ij

Xi

ip

N

1i

M

j

ijiji

N

xrfcI

xrfcrf

rfIxQ

xt

X

YIAxcmI

IU PMax

i

1 1

1 11 1

1 1

22

1

)1(

)(

)(1

1

3

.

Sales

Cost of scrap Cost of Inspection

Cost of process improvement

Cost of manufacturing Quality loss

Jerusalem et al., 2015

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COLLABORATIVE MANUFATURING

• Global technology & market

• Global value chain

• Global supply chain

• Transnational cooperation

• Basis sumber daya industri &

Perwilayahan industri

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DEVELOPING INDONESIA

Implementation Roadmap:

• GOALS: industry development, technology innovation, productivity improvement, inclusion for SME

• WHERE TO PLAY: potential sector (automotive, ICT, etc.), technology choices (robotics, cloud, AR, 3D printing, etc.), area of application choice (production, logistics, etc.), geography domain (global, regional, local)

• HOW TO WIN: execution focus choice (government, corporation, SME, etc.), enabler choice (policy, infrastructure, R&D, market, etc.)

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TERIMA KASIH

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