kovetz yerios hamishkan inagural isuue shvat 5772

Ýßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßß Ý

uuuuaaaaeeeewwww

ooookkkkyyyynnnndddd zzzzeeeerrrriiiixxxxiiii

ß c�ga, ycaß

ktrah .rt ,ru,

ohypan ,arp

yca u�y

lxb ihh


לעד בספר יוחק

את נשמת האי גברא רבא, רחים ומוקיר רבנן, ואיהו גופיה צורבא מרבנן,

אוהב את הבריות ומקרבן לתורה,

אשתו,ל איש משכין שלום בין אדם לחבירו ובין

זצ"ל טאוברשבן הרב אהרון שמואלהר"ר

שע"ב, ד' שבט ה'תנלב"ע ביום שב"ק

ת.נ.צ.ב.ה.

קובץ "יריעות

המשכן"

שבט גיליון א',

ה'תשע"ב

ההנהלה

קורן אהרון הרב דניאל

לענקערראובן פ

חברי המערכת

אשכנזי, עורך ח. יצחק

ראשי

עובדיה הופמן, עורך

שמואל רייך, עורך

שרגא פ. עקשטיין, עימוד

למידע אודות גיליונות

עתידיים ומנויים:

[email protected]

א........................................תורת ארץ ישראל...........................

נכתב ע"י יצחק אשכנזי

ה................................זמן הצמיחה וההתחדשות –ט"ו בשבט...........


ח.........שראלשקלים/ מעלת האחדות בעם י-לפרשת משפטים.....

נכתב ע"י אריאל אשכנזי, מבוסס על הערות מאת הרב דניאל קורן

......יא..........................שיעורים ביורה דעה/ הלכות יין נסך..........




s"xc,frgnv rcs

ohjna ka ohrufhcv iuhkhd ,t vhrheunu vru,v hrjua ruchm hbpk ahdvk ubt/"ifanv ,ughrh" hbru,v .cuev

u,ryn ka uhrugha ,mpv ,ugmntc 'vru,v ,mcrv vbv .cuev ka ,hrehgvrut ,chahs vchahv atr 't"yhka hexbhsur vsuvh ktkmc crv iutdvuhb 'xkkhv hkxguus ktrah ,sudt ,xbfv ,hc 'ejmh ,cvt ,khve cru 'icutrohkkufv 'vbak ,ubuhkhd rag ohba sg vbuna xhpsvk thv ubh,uue, /eruh

/vpeavu vfkv 'l"b 'vru, hrugha ocujc

iuhkhdv juxhbu iubdx hkscv ubf,hh lfanu ',p,uan vsucg hrp ubhv ofhbpkalt ',hbuak vfhrgu vrsvv urcg ohrntnv kf /ohbuav ohc,ufv ihc

/ohc,ufv kg ,hbubdx ,ushjt v,pfb tk

ubbumrc ka uhrugha kg ohxxucn .cuec ohrntnva ;t kg hf 'ahdsvkrcg cu,fv rnujva lfk vcurg uz iht 't"yhka hexbhsur h"crdvhrugha ka ohhtnmg ohsuchg obhv ohrntnv 'cua /t"yhka crv h"g ,ruehc

/t"yhka crv

iuhkdc:vz

ohnar`ktrah .rt hkusd ,ru,n vfkv hexpu

atr`djv ,uvn ,usut rntn - ikhtk vbav

rugha`ohkea-ohypan ,arpc

,rsx/obhh o,xu lxb ihh - vgs vruh hrugha

ubbv vru, khsdvk 'ovhtur kf hbhgc sxju ij ohrcsv utahh hf vkhp,/,unhfjnv ovh,urgvku ohtruev ,ucud,k ohpmn ubt /vrhstvku

'vru,v ,frcc,frgnv

irue kthbs crv og rae urm 'ohhubnu ohhsh,g ,ubuhkhd ,usut gshnk

[email protected]


l`xyi ux` zxez

[oa vchahv atr ka uruehc inzc h"t hkusd hbpk ubushba tnuhs hbhhbgc ,ukta]

(t ihbgc:veksvk jhka tmuhvinz osue vfubjc u,hcnvkhkv ,t ,ukck s,g,nu veksv,rjnk er cuaku u,hck .ujniudfu 'vkhkc sutn rjutn ut 'reuccohczugu 'vfubjv hnhc i,j,na hnveksv inz osue sug ,hcv hbc kftv ohh,bhcu 'rjutn sg ucuah tkuosue vsugxk ,cak ruxta k"hhejhka ,uagk kufh ht 'ehksha:ohbp wcn vzc ihhgk ahs 'veksvktcuvu (ugr, x) j"cv f"an 'tsjjhkav ihts '(y"ex) v"gr, c"banc,hcc c"vgc iht ot lrck kufht/ihta rjt smn rrugk vtrb vhv suguibt wutfks 'ck kg oa ahtrehg f"t ',hcv lu,c ibhehksnshbc ouan tuv ishs txhb hnuxrpiht jhkav ehksna ,gc tfvu ',hcv

/xbv ouxrp itf ihtu ,hcc aht

)oacu iushk utmh k"mz ihebv t"hrdvihs gep tnas asjv rcschabtn aht ihta iuuhf ,hcvn cuhjv,"uac isa ihgfu ',hcc oa ,hcvvzuzn ihbgk (y whx e"usvn) t"egrutmha tfhv asjn vfrc lhrmvk

(/okuf

obnt 'jhka ,uagk hns rhpas vtrbtuv is rcf j"cv hrcs rehgcslrcna ,uumn rtan a"n oa unmgjkanv c"vgc ihta p"gt jhkavutr ohcru 'vzc c,fa vn a"g 'oaihhyabhhp n"rdv rthcu 'uvn, ifuhrcs ,buuf (me x wt j"ut) wua,cvtsuv ,frc thvs 'ohxhb vagatot 'vsuv rcfa hn lrck kufh ubhtutmh orya hn vbugu oa jfuba tkc/rhpa ehksvk ,frc rehgc z"hpku

/jhka h"g ,uaghvk vkufh

ihbgcu tfhvs vtrb 'txhb hnuxrpeksha rbc ina hs tfhtsohhek hfvc hdx v,hcv ocuac ihhsgehksva inzcs d"gtu 'txhb hnuxrp'vc ik ,hk 'b"uxrp itf vhv tk h,ftosue ehksna lrsk tmuhvn tba tksinz hyn tk h,fts p"gtu vbnz;ts vzc ruthcvu] 'txhb hnuxrpinzcu 'vuumn vaug veksv k"hhesrsdv n"n 'b"uxrp vhv tk tv veksvka upuxc xbv oxrp,a veksv tuvj"rdv hbpk ohrcsv ugmuvafu /[rcs

/vzk ohfxv t"yhka hexchhbe

/t(jfe &hx) gurz rut j'rvn ,'uac vzc is rcfu /(u'ex ugr, &hx) ikvks c'banc g'guiuzjc tcuv /j'b ,eksvc tuv ifa c,fu 'k'mz uhct oac v'fu 'jhka h'g ihaushe ihbgcubht j'cv ,gsk oda vkgvu '(sn &hx) u'j ,gs vujh ,'uacu (tfe &ng) vfubj vhscug

/vkhj,fk tkt/c/j'cv ,buuf ruthcc (&b &hx) c'hj rzghkt .hm ,'uac g'gu

Ý ßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßtßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßß Ý


tmuhv �'veksv inz osue u,hcnsg ruzjk s,g,n ubhtujhka ,ubnk kufh 'sutn rjutnohak shpeh er 'vfrcku veksvkc"vgc cuaha sg eksha ina hs

/u,hck

(c ihbgc:,urb hs uk ihta hn hnihbnf ,urb hs uk ihtaihtu vfubjs wv ouhc htes iudfu 'ouhvt"gr,) c"banc vbv ',urb wd tkt uksbe kkf) ost hhj oac thcv (v"ex(vke &hx) x",f ,'uac v'fu (vf &xifu 'sckc sjt rb tkt ehksh tkavfubj hbhbg) ,"vg hukv ,hcc c,fihbnf ehksn ubht ots '(c'g y'fsin ihrsvnv ihhbg ohhe tk ouhv'sjt rbc uk hsu v"tkc ihrsvnvehksnf vtrb ,urb wd ut wccs ';hsguobnt /hahka ut hba ouhs ,urbv ihbnvfubj wkv hrzg hctc l"a n"ntrdvvn ehksha k"xu uhkg ekj (t'v s'p)j"rdv ovhrcs thcvu /ushca,ufkv vbuac t'yhka hexchhbevyub u,gs ,htrbu '(u"x t"gr,)'o,eukjn suxhc vtrbvu /k"vhcvfohngy wc h,hhn ,cas c"p wndcsohnh sdbf 'tsj :lkuvu ;hxunkihkgns sugu 'ihtmuhvu ihxbfbvhrcs ohbcun tne tngyku /asueciht ouhv sdbf ubhta kfs 'k"vhcv;xubv ogyk obnt 'rushv ouan vzc

hctvfu ;hsg hpy ;hxuna vn kf f"thrzgdihbn kg ;hxun ubht ot ;tu] /

vnc rushv ah h,ft 'ants ,urbvtfhv ihhgk ahu /asuec ihshrun ihtaehksva vnn ,urb ,ujp uk ahsvuumn rushv vzc od ah ot antj"rdvu [/,urbv ihbn huchr omgcvtrb vhv sugu /vzk ohfxv wt'yhkavnn hrzg hctv hrcsf jhfuvkwua, oac (t"br, whx) t"dnc thcvarb tkt uk vhv tka hna 'o"cnrvrta vhshk u,t v,gu 'uehksvu sjtrushvt ibhfrcns vfrcc ehksh ',urbtnkac 'ibt hzjhb t,avu /vuumnrushvv ohhena hrzg hctv hrcskrb kf f"t ',urb ;hxuna vn kfclf kgu vuumn rushv tuv ;hxunarushv oua iht k"vhcvk obnt 'lrcnehusnv rpxnc tkt ,pxu,v omgck"hhes iuuhfu 'ouhv rpxnf ,urbv katmnb f"t 'vuumn vaug veksvveksv vagn itf iht okugnarushv ouan uhkg lrck hutraws er ehksn vhbav veksvcs 'vuumnrbv ;urhmc rmub rushvva tkt ',urbrcf thvu vbuatr veksvc ehksva/v,g vhkg lrcn ubhtu vk v,kfhagn hban cfrun rushvva tmnbovn sjt kfca ohsrpb veksvvn kgu vuumn rushv iht unmgkaftrcxv omgk j"rdv ohfxvu /lrcn/k"vhcvf vb,ht u,gss vtrb n"nu

/dht gnan tk orc /(ygr &hx j'ut) dvbnu vfkv hrga &pxc ayhuutchkn r'unstv f'fu&v lrf iuruah .cuec s"uvu t"yhka cukrp h"rdv c,f vzk vnusu /vagnk hfv vhk trhcxsjtk chav (ybr, whx) la n'nrdvn ohrntnu ohc,fn .cuec 'hte tyaueu /(upr wng)if vrun ubhtu vfkvk ubht urpxca vn uk c,fu 'k"bv t"hhju c"banc arupnvn uk rhgvauk tuv hrcu eupep tkc c,fa unf dvub vhv unmgk obnt 'c"banv hrcs sdbf ohcrk

/a"g /ihsv v"fa

Ý ßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßcßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßß Ý


hn �'ouhv ihbnf ,urb hs uk ihtauk utc otu) /ushca vn ehkshoehkshu ;hxuh ifn rjtk ,urb

(/vfrc tkc

(d ihbgc:anav rut ohhea ouhfanav 'rsj kfc knajviufb if p"gtu 'ihsv rehgn ubhtp"g ihhbg vzc aha iuuhf uehksvkkfk ana sjc hs n"nu 'vkce

/sjt ouenc ohehksnv

ahu ruta ouenc ;t hkuts rhgvkehksna vgac hucf knajv,uthmn omg x"xs hns rhpa h,ftohfxvu 'anaf thv hrv rsjc d,nv

/t"yhka hexchhbe j"rdv vzk

hutr �ouenc od ana ehksvkkfku 'knajc rtunv

,ujpv ,uhfubjv kfk sjt ana/oa ,utmnbv

(s ihbgc:htbxft ihta htbxftlhrm u,hcc uhkg ihehksnung ;,,avk c"vgck vyurp ,,kwhx g"ua) vfubj rb ka inacrsvk ohdvub okugvu /(z"gr,'ohjrt,naf od onmgk ehksvku(d"ex) oa c"banc c,f ifa ,ntcu'rb uk ah ot unmgk ehksvk iufbsouhvfs u"hrvn ,gs hsh ,tmku,t unmgk t"f ehksvk dvbnva,gsk ah obnt /ehksv tka usajkhtbxftc ihta vtrb trcxv smnstuv ubhs rehg tkt kkf ihrsvn ihsthduxv ,uyap gnan ifu 'hyhrpc'hyhrpc ;,,an trhz wrs ,cac

jrut c,fa o"cnrv iuakc r,uhcuwkufhw c,f tku 'inac ovng ;,,anrnuk sm ;t ahu 'wusfu ;,,avkhyhrpcu 'grd grdn unmg ,eksvs

/k"nftu ;hsg

n"nu 'vmrh ot ehksvk kufh tbhskhumna vnc rvzhk aha tktjrt,vk o,hcn ohgxubv ohabtcatr ehksnu ' wusfu vfubj ,caccauju ,hcv hbc kfk vjpanvrcfnu 'u,hcu aht rb ihsn othmuhahtbxft u,uhvcs 'lf vz ihta ubrntsjt kf tkt 'u,hcu aht ihs vzk ihtuk ah ,jrt,nv vjpanv hbcn sjtuehksvk lhrmu 'unmg hbpc htbxft ihs;xuh g"rdvu /hyhrpc ;,,avk utkufha ung vjhac rnt t"yhkah,fts htbxftf od u,hc hbc thmuvkouen kfc g"bpc ,hc ihs ovk ahiuknc teuuss vtrb s"bgku /ovakg vagnk lunx zts 'if ihsv d"vfu,hcc jrutc kct 'unmg ijkuaut ihsv in ehksvk t"f lhrm urhcjirn vzk ohfxvu 'vyurpc ;,,avktuva rntu t'yhka hexchhbe j"rdv

/yuap rcs

jrut �og vyurpc ;,,an,cuj vzc tmuhu c"vgcot unmgk ehksvk kufhu 'veksvvjpan hbcn sjt kf kg /vmrhut vyurpc ;,,avk ,jrt,nvohtmuh obhtu 'unmgk ehksvk

/vjpanv atr ,eksvc

(v ihbgchnhc khsdva iyevfubjv:g"rdv zt rnt

Ý ßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßdßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßß Ý


ohcfufv ,tmk ih,nhs wt'yhka ;xuhunhg ueunhbu 'vgheac shn ehksh tkulubhj ihsn tkt chujn iht ifk osueshsh uthmuvk hbvn tk zt ehksha vnu

khsdhan ucuhjsvtrb tbhsk obnt /ltcrghut z"ardv oac tcun ifu)&ng) vfubj &kv sgun hnkac k"mz&ng) vfubj &kv vnka ,ufhkvcu (haehksvk kufhu aujk ihts ((zhr

:ohngy vnfn vgheac

'tsj shns 'tehpx epx tkt vz ihtsk",tu 'kusd epx tuv vgheacah h,ft ohcfufv ,tm sg iye huvshrjt kj veksv cuhjs ohrcuxviuuhfu 'ohcfufv ,tm osueu vgheavu,u lubhj ihs uhkg kj iye vhv zts

/tk

sugu hnc hfsrnv hrcs p"g'rnuk ahvjbnv dkp rjt a"rgc ashea'laj,an aseku ruzjk lhrm ubhtahbvn cuhjv inz osue ashea vnsrnhnk tfht hnb tfvu /vkhks ucuhjkkjv ucuhjk khguh iyev vagnsihsv kgck ouen ah otu 'vkhkc'ohrjt thmuvk iye vagnc eukjk/hns rhpa unmg thmuvks vtrb n"n

iye �'vfubjc vuumn rc vagbvrc khkc od ehksvk kufh'udvbnf 'vnjv ,gheac vuumnv,tmk ih,nvk auajk lhrm ubhtu

/ohcfufv

/sihc sg ,ujpk ih,nha ghmn (dn vrgv d'p) x'a, &svn 'vfubj kthrcd hgybc z"hgfu/a'g 'vkhj,fk hfv k'xs (zka &hx) c'j ,udvbvu ,ucua, ,'uac gnan ifu /,uanav

Ý ßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßsßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßß Ý


zeycgzdde dginvd onf - haya e"h

g"uav exup (u'x) t"ke inhx j"utcu"yc iubj, ohrnut tkacu,f r,t kg t"rdv iuhkdcu 'ycacv"r ahrc ib,sf 'y"uh tuva ouanuvhhbhn sju 'ov ohba hatr vgcrt/,ubkhtk vbav atr 'ycac u"yy"uhv ihhbg uvn ruthc lhrm rcsvutkt vz lhrt, iht vrutfks 'uca,hagn lrs 'h,fkv-hbfy ihhbg,uumn ihhbgk .gv khd ,t guceklhkv, kg ,xxucnv .rtc ,uhuk,vihhbg vzhtu '.gv ,jhnm ka hgcy?y"uhf ubhhmba vzc ah ishsk hbjur

,ntcu ;t scfb yca asuj ihhbgavb,hb p"gca vru,s 'r,uhhvhu" :(t ohrcs) ch,fsf 'ycacasuj rag h,agc vba ohgcrtc.rtc isrhv rcgc &udu van rcsvru,v ,t rtc van khtuv ctunc,f rvuzcu 'yca asuj tuv "&uduobnt ',ubkhtk v"r uca ouan ogyvvpxubu 'wohhjpy vxhfu jpy vkhdwvru, ihhbg vn 'ub,vhn, kg vvhn,

?,ubkhtk v"rk p"gca

ouhvf ktrah ,umup, curc yap) vwetkjv dvbnupsherin'(

ughdvc og curc skhv ,urga rpxkohktua uhvaf ,ntcu 'auka khdkchan vhv 'ihhbgc hembhne h"rdv ,tu,bhjcnu 'vzc vahtv iumr ,uagk'dvbnv ohhek ehpxn ogy lfc vhvtuv vzc urntba ohngyv sjt obnt

hf 'hrp .gc vkrgv ,uba wd sdbfohause &p tnujb,) vsav .g ostvsck ,rupx,v ihhbgk ot ;tu /(y &xvbanc vbv 'wyrtuuwf lfc ep,xbinzv tuv auka khds ibhzj ,uctcog trenv sunhk ,kj,vk hutrvihhbg vzc aha ine hrvu ',ueubh,v/vru,v sunhkk ruaev r,uh eung,ueubh,v og sunhkv ,khj, ';xubc'ohase hbhhbgc trehu anujc thvutuch" :ohbvf ,ru, ahrc t,htsfuvrutfku '",urvyc uexg,hu ohruvyhutr vhv tshrd ,h,kgu, vbhjcnohke ohrcs ohfr ohskh og khj,vkcrec ;t hrva 'vbcvku vxhp,k r,uhvru, hbc era okugv lrs ohsnukvohadhb ihehzb ohabc oxrf utkhna,khj,c ohbyek vnu 'asuev ktohrunjv ohase hbhhbg kmt osunhk?o,kufhk rcgn o,xv in ocurasunhkca 'rnuk dvb hembhne h"rdvu]vbfxv ,nhhe ohbye ohskh og,t uxp, vca ,hjyav vrumva'o,gs rmuek o,uskhc ohrcsvhpfu) 'o,urdcc od ong rtah,vcrvka ubhbnzc ohtur iftaka ,h,uskh vxhp, vrtab ohrducnhruphx hruchdf ohausev ,uctvveung vxhp,k ohkduxn obhtu ohskh,kgu,v uzu '(o,uksd ka r,uhouan teuuss 'ohase sunhkcaifta vhkatc skhv vdah tk oenugukkn rurc f"u,v hrcs obnt ///ihcv

Ý ßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßvßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßß Ý


[ovca vrvyv smn ihhbg vzc ahaihc raeu veung vchx vbaha f"gu'icr ,hc ka ,ueubh,k vrvyv hbhhbg

/uhkg sungk lhrmu

vpue,c ohsnug vbav ka uz'ohhrmn ,thmh ,uharpc"chctv asujc ohtmuh o,t ouhv"vjhnmv inz ,khj, 'ixhb asuj tuvycac u"ys ',ubkhtv ka cukckvuunmg hrpv kct vybjv inz tuvtshpe aha ubt ohturu 'ixhbc ckcknteuus vkutdv vgrhta lfc vkusdubt ohuumn lf kacu 'vz asujchsf sg 'teuus chctc udujkn"g oka asujc vbav ,t ohrcgnavnua 'cuau /chctc kujh jxpv djai,kutd ihc raev vn ihcvk ubhkgcukcku chctv asujk ktrah ka

/,ubkhtv

vtrbu vru,c vbvs 'ihhbgv suxhcsunhkv ekj :ohekj hba obahekj ov ,ntc obnt /vagnv ekjuvagnk rapt hta oafu 'sjttrh ruc iht"] sunhkv hkcn ohhe,vkd'p ,uct) "shxj .rtv og tku tyj,bn kg tka snukv" od lf '[(v'nhnkaurh) "trcb tka uk jub ,uagkvz iht rnukf '(c'v t'p ,ufrcusunhkka 'kank 'vnak tka snukfthv ,hpuxv vrynvaf ygun lrgsunhkk iht tkt 'vnakk ghdvk/trcb tka tk jub - kkf ,uchajhbuhg sunhkc iur,hu vkgn oua ihtv,ryn hf 'vru,v ka tshrdthv vru,v ka veungvu ,h,ntvka u,uasj,vu u,jhnm kg v,gpav

ohrunt ohrcsv r,uhcu 'vc exugvhhju" rntb vca 'p"gca vru, hpkf&hx j'ut ruy) "ubfu,c gyb okugihtu ktrahk ,sjuhn thvu '(yke

/kkf vc ekj okugv ,unutk

vzcu raevu rvuzv ,buuf ,rtucnv"ru p"gca vru, ihca.g ka ,h,fkvv u,rsdv hf ',ubkhtkkhscvk '.gv - "ugzd ;hkjn" thv- vbug hshn vkf,nv vnstv erhnod thv uzu ',gv kf asj,nu jnumasj,vku kusdk 'ostv ka u,hkf,vz ,tu '"vsav .g ostv hf" - .gfvtrbu /ohhj ,ru, ,ugmntc ohdhank"zj rntnc yapv enug uvzaouh kfc" (&f ohrcs h'arpc tcuv)vhvha - "ohasjf lhbhgc uhvhaushj rumhk vru,v hrcs ka ojufc

/l,unmgcu lc

xhxcc snug ktrah og ka u,hhuuvvjhnmv iuhgr if odsj ktrahu t,hhruts ',uasj,vvu'ixhb asuj rjcb kf ouanu /ovo,kutd inz ,uhvk 'vjhnmv asuj'ohrmnn o,thmhu ktrah kahbhx rv ,ukdrnk o,tcv v,hkf,a

/vru,v ,kceku

ubhhbg ,t asjk tuv asenv ,hc kaicre thcnv tyujv /ostvog sjh jcznv kg 'kufhcf ';rabcuy 'asj ost tmuh unuencu icrevkcek ohke ogcyc ,ueubh, /r,uh'asj,vku ,ub,avk 'ohasj ohrcsovhkdrvc ohgcuenv ohrducnf tkaicunc '"ruvy" tuv skhv /ohbahv

Ý ßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßußßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßß Ý


,ukufh uhva ,ugpavn hapuj kakg uhs tuv 'inuahr ,t uc rh,uvkhbhsc euxgk vth uk ifku 'ekj rhhb,t asjku ,ubak o,ryna ohasue

dvbn vz hpk tuv vtb vn /ostvka osunhk ,khj, ,t gucek ktrahvbav atr 'ycac u"yk ,ueubh,v

/,ubkhtk

Ý ßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßzßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßß Ý


milwy-mihtyn zyxt

l`xyi mra zecg`d zlrn

varpv '"ohypanv vktu"c ,j,upogyv rthc r,t kg h"arcu,rag vn 'lk rnuk 'u'tuc ,j,upaohbhsv] ukt ;t 'hbhxc urntb ,urcsvurntb [ohypan ,arpc ohcu,fv,khj,c hrva 'vun, rcsvu /hbhxc,ufhnxn k"zj usnk rvc ,arpvkuf vru,v kfa hbhx rvk vyhnavhyrp kf kg hbhx rvc vrntbrtck ah lrum vn f"tu 'vheusesuohypan ,arp oda hyrp iputckfav smn ',tz scknu ?hbhxc vrntb,t uckn van vsc tka yuap rcsvvrucdv hpn uk urntb tkt ohrcsvihta rnuk lhrm f"gu /hbhx rvcouenv ,t snkk eru lt vru,v ,buufohcu,fv ohbhsv urntb uca hzhpvhbjur rae aha rnuk tkt 'varpcahu ',urcsv ,rag ihck obhc

/vz rae ,uvnc ibuc,vk

vvhn, ohbhsv kf ihcna 'thv ,pxubvrjc varpc ohrfzunvvbe, hf" ihsc teuus ju,pk vru,vekjk ucurc lhhav "hrcg scgohypanu ohbhsk tku vgs-vruhgusn f"tu 'varpv ,exug ovcavnsevu vjh,pf vz ihs anan

?vkuf varpk

vtrb ihc hbhs ,uvn enugc ibuc,vkurntb k"zjc /urhcjk ost',hchr ruxht rnujc ohtrub ohrcslpuaf ,hchr jeukv ,t uchajvu

heuktc rpuffu (:tx n"c) ohns(t"hv v"p n"c hnkaurh) ktrah'rtucn ubht wutfk uz vrnujc ogyvukf) ,hchrc vuuknv oda rurc tkvog sxj vaug (ehpxn vfunb thv sug,jhek uk vphsg hrva vuukv,uyyun,v hbp kg ,hchrc vtuukvvk"mz .hcktuna j"rdv ?,ykjun

t"ka, rxun ,ujha) sng (wt rntn,jhek vagna ;ts rthcu lf kg'f"f runj ubht unmg hbpc ,hchrvouan ,hchr ruxhtc vru,v vrhnjviuuhfnu 'sxj tuv okugv sungaog sxj vuuknv vaug u,uukvcatmnb ,hchr kyubaf lf ot 'hbgv,uumn ,uvns 'oudp sxjv sungusjt,h lf h"ga thv ohsxj ,ukhnd,ryn hzt ,hchr kyubafu 'ktrahka sxj vz ihtu ,hexg thv u,tuukvodup tuv vzcu 'vnak zujt vtn

/sxjv ,uvnc hrndk

,arpc ,unfv ,t u,utrc 'ur,hkmt ihsk ohsnugv ka vcrvovk ,gsuvu" :ur,h uk rnut 'vanrat vagnv ,tu vc ufkh lrsv ,t;xuh wr arus (:k) n"cc /"iuaghuz - lrsv ,t" ikvksf vz euxp- vc 'ohkuj ruehc vz - ufkh 'j"ndur,h hrv 'vae vrutfku /"vruce uzihs-,hc kuvhb hbhhbg vank rtcn?itfk ohsxj ,ukhnd ihhbg vnuhf p"vg ur,h wp) ohhj .pjv rtcnuvtr ratfa (wudu rcs ovk vhvh

Ý ßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßjßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßß Ý


ypanu chrk ohsnugv ,unf ,t ur,her vhgcv ihta ihcv van kmttkt ihsv h,c ka vgyun kuvhbcr,uh vrunju veung vhgc vbahov lfku ktrah og ka u,usjtc.gh lfanu /ohypanu ohchrk ohghdnihe,vk u,mknv sckn 'vanksnkk od 'vkhgh ohbhs h,c ,frgn'hbav og sjtv sxj ,hhag ogv ,ttkhnn lfcu ',uhssvu ,usjtk ofbjk

/ohbhsv ,unf omnym,

vtrbu,arp ka vbhbg vza rtckvru,v ,ryn iht /ohypansnkk tkt 'sckc ,ufkv hyrp snkkohbhs o,ut kfn gbnhvk smhf/,usjtv h"g - ktrah ogc ohfuxfxuohypan ,arp ihc raev uvzulk rnuk 'hbhx rvu ,urcsv ,ragkkf ,t ru,pku gbnhvk lrsvathv varpc ,uyrupnv ,uhgcvunf ktrah ogc ,usjt ,ugmntc- "ktrah ijhu" hbhx rvc vhvauhvh ota /sjt ckc sjt ahtfunmnymh hzt ,usjtc ktrahrtuch vzcu /ohhypanv ohfuxfxvscg hbhsc varpv ,j,up gusn'varpk uzn vcuy vjh,p ihta 'hrcg,t ohsnkn hrcg scg hbhs hrvaogc ,uhvk vhutrv ,usjtv ,nmugvbuev" (/f) ihaushec whtsf - ktrah"unmgk iust vbuef hrcg scguka u,xf ,t uk i,hk iustv chujnuvru,v ub,snhk - ,rjt uk iht otrfnbv 'oh,ujpca ,ujpv 'scg ;tsr,uh ;tu jt ka xjhk hutr 'u,chbdc

/lfn

ihbgu vrnta vnc rtck od vtrb vzuarsu '"ihg ,j, ihg" vru,v'iunnk vru,v ,buufs (:dp e"c) k"zjihg" iuakc vru,v vrnt vnk f"tuiumra rtucn ubhrcsku ?"ihg ,j,ehzvkn gbnhvk lht snkk tuv vru,vihg ,t sjt kf vtrha h"g urcjktkhnnu 'uka ubhg thv ukhtf urcjiuhxbvu 'urcj ,t ehzvk tuch tk,t ost ehzha r,uh jhfaa jhfuhost unmgc hf 'unmg ,t ratn urcj

/ohhkpf rvzb

vtrbu ,usjtv ,uchaj ihhbga,arpk od rae,n ktrahc

/ohkea

hnkaurhc wr" tcun (s"v d"p) vkhdnvpm 'ahek ahr oac hukkueak sh,g garv inva v"cevouseha cyun rnt 'ktrah kg upxf'gar u,ut ka upxfk hbc ka ipxf,arpc ihrueu ihnhsen lfhpk,uchaj vn rtck ahu '"ohkeavn kkfcu 'inv ,rhzd ujsa ohkeavaha inv ka uhkea ,kgn v,hhv

/o,ujsk lrum

ahu vagn uhbp kg vbvs 'vzc ihhgkubht inv ka ohkeav ,bh,btbua uhags gushc vfkv hrva 'icun'obhjc ;t odruvk ohaa uhvu ceghkvtr vn vhv jehpa inv f"tudhavk hsf ubunn sctk uz ,uyakvtrbu ?hfv utkc vagb vhva rcsihrsvbxs j"pc vbanv p"g rtck'okugk gru ovk gr ohgark xubf"'"okugk vtbvu ovk vtbv 'ohehsmku

Ý ßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßyßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßß Ý


ktrahk grvk hsfa inv ihcvasujhtu xubhfc lrum ah oshnavkuer ,usjt lhha ohgarcu 'ohgarvuhkea ,kgn v,hhv uzu ';xf h"guhvu ohgarv usjt,v osh kga

/ktrahk grvk ohkufh

vbvu v"s) rcsnc ,arpc ,uph ohbpcihbncs c,f (atr ,t utasmn cuy rcs vhvha lhha vrhpxult 'keav ,hmjn ,uumnc unf sjt'rthcu /vphdnk ourdk kukg hba smnihc eukhj ka ruth, tuv ihbnsktrah ,t ohbunaf lfku ohshjh,usjt tkk ohshjhf o,ut ohdhmnuihhbg z"hpku 'vphdnk rcsv orudn"g vhv keav ,hmjn h"g ihbnvtk rhagvs ,jt vrync osjtkohuua ikuf 'yhgnh tk ksvu vcrhsurhpv gbnh vzcu uz vuumnc ,jtf/,jt vsudt okuf uagh vcrstukg ,urcd,vvs rhpa rtucn v,gnuxubhf obhhbgs 'inv ka uhkea,nsevc teuus v,hhv 'ohgarvxubhf ,rhmh ubhhv 'ktrah hkea

/ohehsmv ,usjtu

vzcu arsnc k"zj rntn ihcvk ahvana (y"x ta, hf tnujb,)

uk vtrva sg keav ,hmjnc vae,btxhf ,j,n at ka gcyn v"cevlhha vn ruthc lhrm wutfks 'sucfvwd hcd /yf ,ujbncu /lfc ,uae,vksg van ovc vae,ba ohrcs,hmjnk ubn tk 'v"cev uk vtrva,hmjns oa wxu,v uc,fu 'keavo,v lhha tks" vbnb tk keavgsh vuv tks ouan tkt 'vae,b'"uvtrn vhv tk ot ihbg ouac

/vthkp ovhrcsu

hpku gsh htsus 'cahhk ah runtvkeav ,hmjn gcyn ,rum vanwd o,ut kkfc vbnb tk lf ouanuvae,ba vns 'ovc vae,ba ohrcsu,rumc ubht keav ,hmjnc vanukhguh lht vn, vhva tkt ',hnadvvzku 'ktrah og ,cuyk ohkeavubhhv 'at ka gcyn v"cev uk vtrvh"ga vnc tuv ohkeav ka ojufaogc ,usjtv rcdu, keav ,hmjn.gu .g kfa atv ihhbgf 'ktrahka ojuf od lf /atv ,t khsdnktrahafu 'o,usjtc tuv ktrahxubhf kg od ov ohrcd,n ohsjutn

/garv inv vaga hpf ohgar

Ý ßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßhßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßß Ý


drc dxei r‰eya mixeriy

jqp oii zekld

ungyu wobhh o,xw ruxht ruen

ihh ihh tuv t,hhrutsn ruxtv lxbhrcsnu 'z"gk kgupc lxubakkufv 'wobhh o,xw ruxht ;xub ohrpuxvhh,ac ruxta hud ka ihh kfrxut sckc hudv gdn ;tu 'vtbvcuinhx ahr g"uac whtsf 'ihhv ,tx"ac wht t,khns tngycu /d"feobnau o,hp kg urzda (:uk z"g)ovh,ubc ouan obhh kgu obhh ouanubhhvs 'rjt rcs ouan ovh,ubc kguog vrh,h ,gsv ,cre lu,naoc iu,hjk ghdvk kukg o"ufgvobhh o,x hbta obnt /vrz vsucgkuoa wxu,vu 'vtbvc hnb ruxts lbvntfe wx) auckc v"fu 'rcsv ogyc wfobhh o,x kg urzda iuuhfs '(t"xhpukjtk h,t v,gns uaaj 'vh,acka ubhh vzu vzs 'ann lxb ihhchrahnk u,tu 'vh,ac ruxtu o"ufgurzd lfk 'vtbvc t,hhruts lxb ihh/lxb ihh uyt vtbvc obhh o,x kgovh,ubc ouan vh,a ruxht tmnb /lxb ihh ouan vtbv ruxhtu 'tshrd

trcht ,ukftn wkvn t"hp) o"cnrcscrugnv ihhs exp (h"v ,uruxtiuuhf obhh o,x ouan uc iht acsc;t r,unu 'jcznv d"g lxbk kuxpsk"bvku 'o"ufgv og t,uumc u,u,akihh ouan tngy ht tnkacs 'vun,tngy rehgs k"bvk kct 'rhpa lxb

itf b"hh rfzuv tku 'ovh,ubc ouanf"t 'vtbv ruxht ,pxu, ihhbgk tkttfht h,ft tv 'ohfxbk kuxps hk vn

/iu,hjk ajhnk

sugu] /h) ihshngn iht wpc i"rv vn,'o"cnrv hrcs kg (o"rvu v"stkv e"nvhcc lxbk kuxp ht ;ts/trhxts z"g ,cure,k hutr ihhsgruxht hbuud hr,s .rh, ovua hbctcuchrenafs 'tsj :tfht z"gn vtbvtk" ouan rxtb ann z"g hbpk hshnwhptu "orjv in vnutn lshc ecshiurusf othcn ot ohrn, ,upfer z"gv hbpk ubhtaf obnt 'vhbpkvnvc yjuav iudf 'vnak vaugvhbpk vchren ubht lt z"g oakjcznk hutr vhvha ibhgc vzc 'kgupcobhh o,xc f"tu 'rxtb tk v"ktuoak lxbna humnv rcs uyt urzdstk 'ann vhbpk lxb tku u,hcc z"g

[/k"eu acsc crugnc rxtb

,ntcu c"p) z"gc a"trv wev ifaovhrcs utcuv) r"tau (d"hxihht (o"cnrv c,f v"s dfe wx h"ccvn 'obhh o,x ouan uc ihts kaucnovh,ubc smn x"ux 'ohfxbk kuxps hkiuuhfs a"trv ejsu /rzdhnk tfht/uc urzd tk tjhfa tks t,khn huvso"cnrv hrcsk ehpxn umurh, ihtu

Ý ßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßthßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßß Ý


ungya 'acsc crugnv ihhc k"bv/ohfxbk kuxps ouan unhg

kfnu htsuus 'arpk vtrb vhv k"bvlxb ihh ouan obhh o,x ,rhzdx"av ,ugnan ,uyap ifu 'vc ugdbwhb,ns '(:yf) ihshngn iht erpswndc vufnxt obhh o,xc hrhhnswxu,c whgu) /ofhxb ihh u,ahs tretouan vtbv ruxhts wfu if uaevax"av ,uyap obnt 'k"bfu b"hhvrun ifu '(/v"uan vrhzdv rehgsd"fe whx ahrc t"nrv iuak ,uyapouan ruxt ihnng ka obhh o,xsvtrbvu /ohkhktk lxb,ba ihh ,rhzd'uvhhb,ht uvhuur,s 'vzc rtckouan thv obhh o,x ruxht ,ntcuubhhvs 'tsjf b"hh ouanu ovh,ubcurzds vchxvu ogyv rehgs htsuu vzsutkcu 'ovh,ubc ouan tuv obhh o,xohasjn k"zj uhv tk taaj htv'eujr aaj tuvs lxb ihh uyt vrhzdvruxht asjk hs vhv tk vzc ;t obntihh ruxht vhv tk otu 'hrndk asjtkt 'kkf ohrzud uhv tk wuts lxbutc lxb ihh vru, vrxta t,avso,x kfk ruxhtv ,t uchjrvu ohnfjruxt y"vnu 'ovh,ubc ouanu 'obhhhcd inek whgu] /ann b"hhf vtbvc ;t[/a"chrv ,gsc ubrthca vn vkuj

vzcu t"nrv wps tv rhpa rtuchkafba hn chujns (d"fe x"ux)ubuug rpfk oumk dduac obhh o,xcv'

hruxht rtac if ubhmn tka vn,yha vgush vcrstu 'ibcrsdduas (d"ex s"kr) ypanv ,uch,bv'kkf vrpf lhrm ubht ibcrss hruxhtcobhh o,x hbtas * a"t ubhrcskut,hhruts lxb ihhs t,k vhc ,hts,arp rvuzc n"fu] /thkgn vrpf hgchrfb ihh v,uavs oa whts hbhna

[/c"vugk uekjn ihkyub

k"bvku ut kaucn ihh urh,vs cauhnlhhas p"gt 'acsc crugnvouan x"uxs iuuhfs 'ovh,ubc aaj'vrhzdv ;ru, uvzu 'vc ugdb lxb ihh/ohfxbk ohkuxps hbvc rzdhnk tfhk

obnt hrcsc is (dfe wx ahr) t"egrcihh ihc ekjk wfu 'k"bv a"trvihhcs 'ubka ihhc o,ghdbk 'ihnng kalhha vzu 'ovh,ubc ouan urzd ovkauphxuvs tkt 'd"vfu kaucnc ;tu,hpc ubhmn tka vn 'ugdn urxtu'tshrd lxb ihhs t,k ouan 'wusfuwxu,vfu ufxbk ohkhdrs tngynuihhc lhha ubht vzu 'oa ,cacrds uhrcsk vhtr thcvu /kaucny"vu 'r,un ugdnu ruxt ubhh cau,/tfhk z"g ouan 'tfht uh,ubc ouanslhhav kaucn ihhs tmnb uhrcsku

/tbhsk aujk ah ifu 'ruxt hudk

iht �ihh ,ubek ,ukgcc ,ubjn',hrfb ;t ot /kaucn tuv

/vo,x tku teus lxb ihh v,aa hnt hte t"nrvs van jnah oac (up e"x oa) a",frsc wgd"j rzgkt ,jbn ,"uac vhrc rnk g"gu /dukp tks thcv v"ka rumhe wx oac 'obnt /obhhb"hht hte ht hcrcr hkat vzc udhkp p"fg /ohruxht rtak vz ruxht ihc ekjna (df wx)

/hnb obhh o,xt tnkhs ut teus

Ý ßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßchßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßß Ý


:vtbv

exp vzv inzcs d"fe whx ahr t"nrvohfxbn ,unutva jhfa ihtswfu /vtbvc rxut ugdn ihts t"h 'z"gkvbvu /sxpv ouenc z"g lunxk ahsoheust ohrmubc ohexupv uekjb rcf'lfc z"g hscug uuv ht ubhbnzc o,sc(&d ,ut ekc wp) hj aht icv ,gsuovka crgu h,ak ohscugf hchajst"nrc obnt /vtbvc ruxt obhhs wfuobhta ouan rh,va yuap vtrb;u,has tnhb ht ukhpt f"tu 'ohfxbnr,un obhh h,ft 'z"g chaj ovka

/sxpv ouenc

ahu /vz ihbgk sxpv chaj vn iuskka ,ubjk xbfba hud juek ihbgkug"uav vbv 'u,ubek ihh kybu ktrahihhc gdba o"ufgs exp c"ke ahro"ufgv u,utn uhns jehk r,unvn okanf tkt ubhts 'urxtavtbvc ohrxutk ;t ubhhvu 'ehzvaurfnk r,un hnb tfv wutfku 'z"vzcuepepa ah obnt /unmg hud u,utkvrhfnk ihhv gmuna tfv hbtas 'vzcgudbku ,ubjc ccu,xvk hudv htaruin ok,anf chaj tk ',ubek n"g'obhh o,xc rf,anf tkt ehznvouenc rh,ns t"nrv ;urhmc n"nu

/rh,vk yuap wb sxpv

rcscu drcbrt gauvh r"dvk gauvhod rufnk ihh ,ubj kgck rh,vrjcnva hsf ohraf obhta ,ubhhohsuvh obhta ,ujuek luanh cjrvv"tkcs 'rafv ihhv od ubehu ,ubjkomgs ;ts ungyu 'kkf utuch tk

obhh o,xv ,rhfn htn juurv ,ghbnrfnb tka vn n"n 'sxpv chaj tk

/sxpv huv rafv ihhv

hud �'ktrah ka ihh ,ubjk xbfbar,un 'u,ubek eucec kybu

/uk urfnk hsuvhv ohkgck

ah �,ubhh rfnnk ,ubjk urh,vaihc obhh o,x od kukfkod luank ,bn kg 'vhrmun

/ohsuvh obhta ,ujuek

:vkuj

g"uauyv wp kfcs (d"x v"be whx)ohtpr,n ohruxhtviht otu 'i,tbv lrsf ;t vbfx ouenctka 'ruxt i,tbv lrsf 'vbfx ucvkhfnv vpur, iudfu) vtbv lrsfz"gn .uj 'r,un (ruxht hchfrnt"nrv wfu /b"uehp ouenc ;t vruxtsvtbv hruxht kfs ohrnut ahs oaukhpt ovc ,utpr,vk r,un ibcrsb"hh ukhptu 'vbfx uc ihta vkujtka sckcu 'u,tbv lrsfu z"vzcuc ihtu khtuv 'ruxhtvk v,ahu kfth,gs thcv t"rdv iuhkdc obnt /vbfxvkujk ukhpts (v"br whx) a"chrvuvutags 'obhh o,x ruxt vbfx c"haihtu 'vtbvc urxutk ann lxb ihhftpud ruxhtc tba tk 'z"gc ihtpr,nruxt kfv 'uvhhrzhctc tba tk

/ibcrs ohruxht ukhptu

,grfvu ,nfjc wfu 'tkuek ohexupvot ;ts '(c"p kkf) ost

Ý ßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßdhßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßß Ý


tku a"chrvf rhnjvk vkujv vmurz"hts rnuku uk reak r,un ',u,ak

/ukhmvk n"g obhh o,x

ruthccu rnuk vtrb vhv a"chrv hrcskhgk rtc,ba unf k"xsurzds 'obhh o,x ruxht ruenu rsdctyughn uuv ohfxbs 'ovh,ubc ouanuhv tk sck vz smn kct 'ibhahhj tkulxb ihhk uvufnx vagnku ohrxutubuak gnan ifu /z"gf ruxtu annovh,ubc ouan ubhhv" :wfa oahuuv lxb ouan hts 'trehgn rx,htovh,ubc ouanu 'tyughns tyughntka unf vtbvc u,ut ohrxut uhv tkhsf tkt 'obnau o,hp ohrxut uhvod vurxt z"gk b"hh kevk utuch tkaz"gs t,k ouans iuuhfu 'vtbvctmnbu '"vtbvc vurxt 'rx,htt,jn tsjc kfv vagba uhrcskann z"g ectf huuv t,avu 'lxb ihhf

/ovhrcsn

vkuj �vkhfnv vpur,k euezvuk r,un 'lxb ihh hchfrn

/vbfx uc iht ot ;t vkyhk

:kaucn ihh

g"uav wf kaucn ihh (d"x d"fe &hx)'r,un hud uc gdba ubkajh,rvan kaucn ihh treb h,nhtnuthcv l"ac obnt /atv d"gvnc hdx tks i"rvu t"carvnibhgc tkt sjt gdr jh,rharcf p"fu /u,jh,r h"g ygn,ha

ibhgcs uvk trhcxs vtrbu /d"vbfckuahcv h"g uvakf ihhv vb,ahavz ihtu oukf itf vagb tk v"ktskfc z"hpku 'wkaucn ihhw ka asj oatsju 'hdx ,ufhtc ut ,unfc hubha

/uyeb uvhhbhn

z"ardvu vnka ,jbn ,"uac lcrghutubka ihhc is (v"f wx) t"jhsf lfc ah ot ruyxp rcugvjh,rna ;ts 'kaucn ihhf uchajvk

-fk sgC70) F'(160a vkgnk tuviuhf n"n 'uc ,skux sh rughan,frgn lu,c gmc,n lhkv,vahpk 'u,unfn sctn ihhv iht vrudx/vhvaf rtab ungy ;tu 'ihgk vtrbviuhfs rnuku vzc kevk vkhj,c isuhutr vhv unmg smn ruyxpvsihh kg f"t 'kaucnf ihhv chajvka"trv ,rcxf) k"zj urzd tk vzfohjhkmn ouhvfs ;t (k"bv z"gsvkhj,cf ihhv ,unfu ,ufht rnakvbexnk obnt /ohhbumhj ohgmntcc"c) a"trv c,fsn if tk ghrfvcajb tk ukack ihkhdra sn,s '(u"phrv 'vghdbc rxtbu kaucn ihhf z"hgthvvk t,hku upudk ihh kfc ohbsa

/trcx

ifu t"yhka chahkt a"hrdv sshm,uch,b ,rcujc s"uv) rhnjvk((d"h wng c"ba, kukt) ,urafvvhv tka ihhs tnhb ht ;ts rthcu'okugk rxtb ubht vrhzdv kkfcokugns k"h n"n 't"zardv ,rcxfuihh kfs tkt 'wkaucnw ihh urh,v tkihha ouhvfu 'uc urzd tk whumn ubhtawihhv tuv tuv ruyxp h"g kaucn

Ý ßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßshßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßß Ý


/vkhj,fkn vrhzdc kkfb f"t humnv

a"rdvu hukv ycac t"yhka rbztuuvrap vag (tb wx) c"jihhbgk er ruyxpv kg lunxk 'vagnktk lt 'thxvrpc ,ca kkjn ,ghdb

/ann hud ,ghdbc

sdbnu ihhyabhhp n"rdvk tbjfat'&b &hx t"j s"uh) uh,urdtcd"vf kfc kehns (c"b &hx c"ju'c"xhva oujk kgn ihhv onujal"av ,gsk ;t kaucn chajs c,fuekj vst,v tka t"ts '(z"ex oa)

ihgk vtrb rcsv ihta ;t ubnnu/

ihh �shva oujk onuja ut ryxupn

) uc ,skuxF(~120 'tka ;tgdnc rxtb ubht 'hubha oua uc rfhb

/hud

hnihhv rxut

rd wp 'cau, rd ut kcy tku knaihts (c"x s"fe &hx) g"uauyvghhxnu /ruxt obhh kct gdnc ohrxuttcuv 'd"fe iuhkdc) rdhht g"rkouan obhh 'iv ,urhzd hbas (khgkcau, rdc ;t rxtb hfvku - ovh,ubcr,unu - luxhb ouan ogdnu 'wusfu'z"g hscug obhta cau, ut rdc

/k"bfu

ihscu (j"x) g"uac exp rnun hsuvhrnuncu /ugdnc b"hh vaugat"egrdv hrcsk rhpa h,t z"gk

z"g ouan vhc ,hts iuuhfs 'k"bvouan vhc ,hks ;t 'ugdn urxtg"uav iuak ,nh,x obnt /ovh,ubcvru, rnua ubhta hsuvhc ;t ruxtkhuvs 'thxvrpc ,ca kkjnu ',uumnutk lt sjt rcsk ut ,"vfk rnun,gs tuvu z"vzc humnvfu 'z"gkwxc h"cv uthcv) &ua,c t"carv'z"g ouan tk uc iht wutfku /(y"heovk vhvu 'ovh,ubc ouan tkuwndv ,hduxn vkugv n"nu /rh,vkwhjcu /lxb ihh ubhha (/v) ;s ihkujcouan 'ogyv wf (/sh ;s) i"rvubhmnu /uhrcs kfk hrfbf uvutaga'i"rv hrcs ruthcc ohfrs hbawhx s"uhj) iunxrpt hrvb ,'uacsiuuhf hudf uvutags rthc (y"gubhnhc f"tu 'z"g sucgha uaajs,"uac obnt /r,un ubhh 'lhha tksrthcu 'vzc is (f"e whx) s"uh x",jtuv xbes 'rjt iputc i"rv hrcs'lxb ihhf ubhh ,uagk ibcr uvuxbes,ca kkjn rnunc od ruxt z"hpkuifu /x",jvf vyub i"rv iuaku /ishsruxts t"carv ,"uan x",jv thcvouan tk uc ihts ;t 'ugdnc ;touan tkt 'z"g ouan tku ovh,ubcuruxht khes iuuhfs ehxv obnt /txbehtsuuc gush ihta ifhv kevk ahujuf h"g uyhxv er ot ut ihhc gdba

/,urhah tku

ifu (v"e whx) s"uhj hcm rv ,'uactbhss trehgns wfu 'vzc kpkpnkkjnk ezjuv ot ;t ruxtk k"v tk

/u,"uac xhhuu h"hrdv ,gsc jhfuvk ah ifu '(uy wx s"uhj) j"j rnut ghch ,"uac ghrfv ifu/a"g '(ubhhv otu v"s tx wx) z"j ejmh ,jbn

Ý ßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßuyßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßß Ý


vnu 'z"gk ezjun ubhta iuuhf ,ca,gs uz rhnjvk g"uac exparta ,gs ifa jfun ihtu t"carvejrh apb kgcs ghrfvu 'ohbuatr/thxvrpc ,ca hkkjn ka obhhn/lnx ovk ah kevk ohdvubv obnt

,ekjvu ot is (u"g whx) &ua,c cegh,ca rnua ubhta i,jk ,,k'tnkgc dvbn huuvs vpujc ihhobhh o,x v,ua tmnb ihh uk i,ubafutk tfvs 'ghhxnn grdu 'unmg kasmn er 'unmg smn kkf v,ua vhv'v,ua crv uk i,uba ihaushe/,ca kkjn ,ghdbc kevk ghrfvuz"k inhx) v'j j"ut n"rdtc f"fu/unmg ,hh,ac rnunc kevk '(wj ,ut

whzju wjn tuv ann rnun ukhptswb g"uav ,gss ;tu 'ohbuatruexp tk ohburjtv n"n rhnjvk;ts sujhcu 'ruxhtk tphrj tbhfxcvhvh tku 'ugdnc rxut ubht cau, rd'thna hnac truhdu tgrtc tchmh

/k"bv t"egrdv ,rcxk yrpc

tbhsku ;t vzc iht ubhnhcs vtrbunf rhnjh apb kgc ouan'xbe ouan tngy hts 'hcm rvc wfalhha vz ihts hpy rc,xn f"tiuuf,nu ubuchr gsuhc er 'dduac/tk vcaba eubh, kct 'uc surnk&t &hx s'uh) t"uzjv hrcs ohgushusg i,yhja ;t rh,va (&u ,ut'ca tku cuaha ,uks,av uc uaghauarhp uh,ucta hn kf zt sg kcthrv vru, tkc ksd,bu ruchmv hfrsn

vcaba eubh, tuvzihbc ,'uac od /vhva vgs rus urusc (d"f whx) iuhmuz trcxk rfz rhnjvk ouen r,uhghrfv vagnks ;t) obhh o,x hcdkk"bf vtrb p"fgu '(rhnjh apb kgcatk ot ;ts 'vyhjan hpy khe ihhs'vyhja ihhbgk ukt ,urcx kg lunxbot ;t f"t 'xbe ouan ogyv kf tfvhutr tk n"n vcaba eubh, ann ubhthuk, ann rnun ;ts yrpcu 'xbekvkhj,fks ;t ifku /ohbuatr wjncrhnjvk iht scghsc n"n 'rvzhk hutr

kkf vzcj/

jrtnv �rnua ubhta hsuvh u,hcckkjnu ',uumnu vru,

/zrjt od cuak itnn tuv ots c,fa (sh ,ut zp &x j'ut) aht iuzjc c'muhf sug ihhgi,ut f'unfu /rusv hnfj hpk huk, ,uks,avv rughaa tkt 'rnunf ubhs zt ung uks,avahuk, d'vfc od kct 'rcs kfk ktrahf ubhs vru, tkk ksd,b tuvu &ufu uarp ovh,ucta

/a'g /k'bvc/jrnt tka (jkr &ng) d'j aht vagn &xc 'cegh ,ukve'v uxhdn unac v'an ihhmk ahu]

ubhkg &xcu /a'ugh ',rjt ugsh tku o,ubyen lf uksda uktc tkt if t'uzjv ka unachrcs uhbpk ughmva rjt &hka chahkt a'hrdv uhnj oac &f (zg, &ng xjbp &p) jcak/a'g /&ufu ,ca hrnua vturu h'tc rrud,nv ost kg lf rnuk vaea rntu 'k'bv t'uzjvohburjt vcrv vzc ukhev rcf n'n /rhnjv f'unfa (yh &hx) j'j hscg khfah ,'uac g'gu'oa vrgvcu 'jh ,ut th &x s'uhj) t'j rnut ghch ,'uac vcjrvc vzc is ratf(jke &x) t'j v'htrv ,urdtcu (c'n t'p) ihkujc o'cnrvk a'nvhpc g'gu /(ohtukhncu

[/(vrgvc &n &ng ouhv ,sucg rsx) rpux i,j &xcu

Ý ßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßzyßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßß Ý


vtrh vkhj,fk 'thxvrpc ,cakfnu /kaucn ihh er ijkuak ahdvkihhc ,ca kkjn gdb ot ouen'scghsc ruxtk iht kaucn ubhtavbaa hnc rcusnv if ot tkt

/arhpu

gdnsujhhu

inhxc ,gs 'g"uav thcv z"h wx s"feju,p hkfc hudv ehzjv ots t"htkc (rughb ubhhv) ufafau ihh ka/rxtb 'ihhc gudbk ut uvhcdvkk"xu ohekuj ohcrs thcv t"nrvu'luafa ubht vvcdv tkc luafaswhzj n"nu /tshxp ouenc rh,vuluafac tkt uekjb tka ,uyapcluafa tkc vvcdv kct 'vvcdv tkcf"fu 'rxtbs s"nk tfhk vghdb tkcurjtnu /(j"h ;hgx) aurhpc g"uav,uktabv ,uktav ka tcur cur ifawhpt 'ihh eucecc hud gdn ihhbgctka iuuhf kkf ,ukta ibht 'ju,pvhcdnaf unmgn zza vnu) lafalafak iuuf,ha whgcs oukf vz ihtiuuf,n ihtc ihhc vghdb hcdk unfu

/(rxt tks

f"unf 'ou,j ubhta ;t 'rudx eucechudv uc gdb ot vkta ihthhjc p"fu 'lafau vhcdvu ubhbpc

/t"rdv iuhkdcu ost

obnt eucec og usck hudv sjhh,b otihhv rxtb 'kaucn ubhta ihheucecva vnc hdx tku '(j"fe g"ua)vhvha whgcu 'gdbu j,p tnas rudx

/ou,j od

trcht ktrahv lkv ot teuus vzsubhta hudv gsuhu dkpun inzkhra tmuhu xbfb kct 'cuak s,g,niuhkdc wfu /gdh tku hudv ,,rhnsgsuh hudv iht ot ;ts t"rdvwhx) ikvks 'hbvn ruzjha ,utsuuchudv jhbvc g"uav exp (h"x j"hetmuhu xbfb ots '&hrnt sck u,hcchudv iht kct cr inz vvua ot ukhptrcsc ;t whahhj tk vzn vhvha gsuh;ts oa l"av wfu /uhphkjc vbvbacuaha ,utsuuc gsuh hudv iht ot'ibcrs hshnc tfv a"fu /kkftuv uhphkjc vbvba rcs ;t v"tkcsvnf ,gsk ;hkjv ot epx er'wuts epxc trnujk whkztu 'ohbuatr

/tfv f"tan

obnt ruxta hudv gsuha shpevk ah'gdb tna v"kts 'ihhc gudbk uk,,rhn tku ahdrn tku aj tksohshpen iht vcrvu 'ruxts yuapu/rund ruxht huvs oshc ,ugyu vzc

iyecu exp 'tmuhu xbfb ut ,hcc unhg,,rns (t'x uye &x) t'nrvicn ,ujp kevk iht n'nu /hsu vhbhn

/(oa) ohexupv f'anf wy

otu 'srpb rsjc ,hcc ktrahv iahhembne h'rdv vhnan vhc uyniahc whpt tmuhu xbfbf huvs k'mzkukgs hudv gsuhs 'gce ,bawbu 'aushj tuvu /,,rhnu rrug,vkihhbgk ;tu /tbhsk z"g lunxk ihts;xuh rgac t"shjv c,f sujhh;t u,rnan u,ats (d &hx ,ucua,)

Ý ßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßzhßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßß Ý


vahdrnu ,gsuhs v,bacytfv n"n 'rughh tna ouanu 'ahdrn lhha tktk oa hudva rsjk tuchu gce ,ban

/eujr aaj tuvs ,,rhn

p"fu d"j) ohkgp cr ,'uac thsvkghsuvk hns gce ,bas (&h inhxb"fvs 'ruxts ,uvak sh,gs hudkkf tvs 'rc,xn ifu /oueh tka vezjwhexp cumeu ohuxn rugha uk i,bahnb tfvu 'ygun inz ukhptu 'ruxtsung tmnb ots oa wf obnt /tba tkhsf uhbhg jepha ehpxnu rsjc

/hra u,utrk hsf tghdrt

eucec �'ou,j ubhta ;t 'rudx ihhgdn aaj ouan uc ihtung hudv rtab tk sug kf hud

/usck

eucec �uj,upk t"ta ou,j'inhx rhtavk hkcnhudv unhg sjhh,b ot ;t r,un

/usck

ot �rsjc ihhv og hudv sjhh,bktrahv kufhu 'kugb ubhtaihhv r,un 'oak ,g kfc xbfvkinz rugha hudk gush tk sug kf/,hcv in ktrahv rsghha cume

iye �anak kufh ga, khdn/ihh og hud sujhh ihhbgk rnuaf

ktrah �rsjc gce ,ba iahv'rnua cuaj ubht rjt

/khgun uc ihhva rsj u,utcu

/ycf &hx) asuen rzgc f'fu /(v'x cf &x) g'vt h'frccu (zm &hx) .nut ;xuh ,'uac g'gu/(sr &ng 'n &hx) u'j rzghkt .hm ,'uacu (vf x'ux

Ý ßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßjhßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßß Ý


chacham. This is a fulfillment of the words of our sages at the end

of maseches Kesubos that bringing a gift to a talmid chacham is

comparable bringing bikurim. This fits beautifully with our theme,

since the whole parsha of bikurim is all about hakaras hatov,

learning to appreciate all the good that our Creator has bestowed

upon us.

Have a happy and meaningful Tu Bishvat.

Ý ßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßß19ßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßß Ý


by the Taz and Mishna Berura. The Yerushalmi says that one will

give a din vecheshbon (detailed account) on every fruit that his

eyes beheld and he did not partake from. Likewise the Talmud

records, Rabbi Elazar saved up money to purchase new fruits each

year, and the Korban Nesanel explains that he did so in order to

recite shehecheyanu. This needs clarification. Why would there be

such scrutiny? Furthermore what is the source for this obligation,

the Talmud seemingly doesn’t cite a source.

I would like to offer a thought based on the Meshech

Chochma which will shed light on the above and also give us a

deeper insight and appreciation for the holiday of Tu Bishvat. In

the beginning of sefer Bereishis, Hashem commands Adam .g kfn�

�ubnn kft, tk gru cuy ,gsv .gnu kft, kft idv. Some may translate

this to mean "from all the trees you MAY eat". However, an

alternate translation may be suggested. The words kft, kft don’t

imply permission, rather obligation. In fact the Meshech Chochma

says that the double language of kft, kft implies that this was a

vag ,umn (a positive commandment), and if Adam would have

related this properly to Chava she would have never fallen prey to

eating from the Tree of Knowledge. What is the meaning behind

all this? The answer is that Hashem gave us a beautiful world to

learn to enjoy and appreciate, and through appreciation one comes

closer to Hashem. As long as and we use the means that he

commanded us to use we don’t need to resort to other sources of

pleasure which may be harmful! This is the source for the words of

our sages in maseches Keddushin, and this is why the sages of old

were so careful not to miss out every year on appreciating the

renewal of fruits in the market each year. There is also a custom on

Tu Bishvat to bring some of the new fruits of the year to a talmid



Tu Bishvat Insights from the Halacha Seder at Cong. Ahavas

Yitzchok Given by Rabbi Daniel Aron Coren

In honor the of the holiday of trees, better known as 'Tu

Bishvat' I would like to share a thought with you that emerged

through the nightly halacha seder that we have here in Cong.

Ahavas Yitzchok.

The poskim (O.C. 225) delineate the three different sets of

circumstances upon which one recites the blessing of

shehecheyanu:

One type of shehechayanu is recited on a Yom Tov this

blessing is obligatory regardless of whether one feels a sensation

of joy or not. A second category is the blessing one makes upon

seeing a new seasonal fruit in the market. This blessing the poskim

say is reshus (not obligatory) yet for some reason we have

accepted it as a chova (obligation). The last category is the

shehecheyanu recited on new clothing and other items that one

experiences special joy in acquiring. This is a very subjective

blessing, since it depends on ones level of joy.

I would like to focus on the second category: What is the

deeper reasoning for the shehecheyanu on new fruits? Why has

this blessing found special favor in the eyes of our great sages in

the past and caused them to expend much effort and money to

recite this blessing.

The answer to these questions lies in a statement made by

the Talmud Yerushalmi (end of mas. Keddushin), which is quoted



is permitted given that the gentile is not aware of the length of the

Jew’s absence.

• A child who has not yet become a bar mitzvah is qualified

to be an overseer in regards to a gentile being secluded with wine.

• One who is fast asleep is not considered to be an overseer

unless the wine is in the same room with the person.

(for a more detailed discussion on the above topic please refer to the hebrew side)



Psakim from: Hilchos Yaiyen Nesech

• One should not purchase wine from a gentile-owned store

even if the wine is mevushal.

• If a gentile walks into a Jewish-owned wine store and

handles a bottle with intention to purchase the bottle and then

refrains from doing so, he has not rendered the wine obhh o,x.

• An ill person is permitted to consume a medication that

contains wine-based ingredients, even if the illness is not life

threatening.

• Pasteurized wine (that has been heated to ~120F), does not

become assur through the handling of a gentile.

• One that hosts a non-Sabbath observant Jew should be

careful to only serve “cooked wine” at the table. Yet, even if the

non-observant Jew were to touch non-cooked wine the wine does

not become assur. This is true with the provision that the person in

question was not born into an observant family and has since

abandoned his faith.

• A closed bottle, even one that has no seal, does not become

assur by the handling of a gentile, unless the gentile was left alone

with the bottle.

• It is permissible to leave a gentile alone with a bottle of

wine if one cannot open the bottle without it going unnoticed.

• If a gentile is left alone in an unlocked room with a bottle

of wine and a Jew has the ability to enter at any moment, the wine



Psakim from: The Rav’s visit to Eretz Yisroel (Chanukah)

• One who leaves his house prior to the preferred time of lighting

and does not plan on returning until much later, may appoint on his

behalf a shliach to light and recite the berachos Nevertheless, the ba’al

ha’bayis should make sure there is enough oil that the candles will still

be burning upon his return.

• If one does not have the designated amount of candles for any

given night he should light as many as are in his possession. If additional

candles will become available to him later on that night he may light

those too without a beracha.

• It is proper to light a shamash even when in a lit room (and there

is no need for the light given off by the candle). At the least, one

shamash should be kindled for all menorahs in the room.

• A guest should partake in the expenses of the ba'al ha'bayis and

in turn is yotzei his fulfillment of lighting through the ba'al habayis, yet

he may light his own candles if he wishes to do so. It is obligatory for

each individual guest to partake in the costs of the ba'al ha'bayis and

halachically inadequate to rely on their respective father figure's lighting.

• A kattan who becomes of age on Chanukah can light on the

night of his Bar Mitzvah at shkiah as was his foregoing practice and does

not have to wait until tzes ha'cochavim, as some authorities require.

(for a more detailed discussion on the above topic please refer to the hebrew side)



his fellow Jew? Perhaps it would be wrong to give his left kidney,

his yetzer ha-ra, to someone else! The Baba Sali said that he

should, in fact, give his left kidney. The very fact that he chose to

be moser nefesh for someone else would change his yetzer ha-ra

into something good!)

In the Shiras Ha-Yam, Klal Yisrael praised Hashem for the

fact that “Sus u-rachvo rama va-yam.” The midrash explains that

under ordinary circumstances, a drowning horse and rider would

drown separately under the water, but in this case, they remained

together even as they drowned in the sea. The Ohev Yisrael notes

that Ha-Kadosh Baruch Hu made this particular miracle to

demonstrate that the horse was held equally responsible for its role

in chasing Klal Yisrael. The horse therefore went down in the same

wave as its rider. This is why the women sang only this pasuk as

shira after Krias Yam Suf. Women achieve Olam Ha-Ba because

they facilitate talmud Torah, as they encourage their husbands and

children to learn. When the women saw the miracle of sus

ve-rachvo, they recognized the great punishment – and reward – of

helping to achieve a goal.

I would go a step further. When the horse was used for a

negative purpose, for chasing Klal Yisrael, that horse was ruined,

and therefore suffered the consequences. Shlomo Ha-Melech

teaches us that just as the fragrance of the oil remains long after –

just as one is positively affected by coming into contact with the

Torah She-Be’al Peh – one can be negatively affected by his

actions as well. No one is immune to his environment.



va-yam.”

The Sefer Ha-Chinuch explains that one’s environment is

like wet paint – no matter what you do, some rubs off on you. Do

not imagine that you will emerge unaffected; your choice of

friends today determines who you will be in the future. The

converse is also true, however. If you have a relationship with a

good person, he will certainly have some influence on you.

Chazal teach us that the ma’aleh of Torah She-Be’al Peh is

that it can only be acquired through a connection with a rebbe.

Tanach can be learned without a teacher or a chavrusa, but no one

can properly study Torah She-Be’al Peh without guidance and the

proper environment, a beis medrash. As a result, one who studies

Torah She-Be’al Peh is affected by his surroundings more than one

who studies Torah She-Bichsav; it is like water, while Tanach is

like wine.

The Kedushas Levi explains that this is also why the Torah

She-Be’al Peh is compared to oil. When you pour oil out of its jar,

its fragrance remains – the effect is still there. When one becomes

connected to a rebbe, to a good chabura, the effect remains even

after he leaves their side. “vmurb lhrjt hbfan” – he is pulled after

his actions, drawn towards the good, perhaps against his will,

because he has done good in the past.

(Someone once asked the Baba Sali which of his kidneys

he should donate to a Jew in need of a transplant. After all, Chazal

teach that one kidney provides good advice, while the other is

somewhat of a yetzer ha-ra. Presumably, the right kidney is the

yetzer ha-tov; should he keep that kidney for himself or give it to



lives. If he would try to lecture ethics to his university students, no

one would pay any attention, even if they were ordinarily

interested in his classes. The Lubliner Rav explained this

phenomenon based on our introduction to the last perek of Perkei

Avos: “Baruch she-bachar bahem u-ve-mishnasam.” We

acknowledge that Hashem chose not only what our teachers teach,

but our teachers themselves – and we want to be like them.

Students come to their classes in university in order to get their

degree and then move on with their lives. None of them are

interested in their professor, who he is as a person. In fact, they

don’t think anything about him is the slightest bit appealing. But

yeshiva students listen to their Rav because they want to be like

him, because they exemplify their teachings.

Shlomo Ha-Melech recognized that we must thank Hashem

for our opportunity to be close to him, that we must sing a shir for

the shirim. The Alshich notes our redundant description of Hashem

as the “Melech ha-mehullal ba-tishbachos,” the King who is

praised with praise. The fact that we can praise Ha-Kadosh Baruch

Hu is itself remarkable; we must be thankful that we can thank

Him!

“/lna eru, ina 'ohcuy lbna jhrk /ihhn lhsus ohcuy hf///” – Shlomo

compares the Torah She-Bechsav to wine and the Torah She-Be’al

Peh to water, which is better than wine. He then uses the analogy

of oils and fragrances to describe Torah. Afterwards, Shlomo

moves on to a different mashal: “h,hgr lh,hns vgrp hcfrc h,xxk.”

Chazal say that this refers to the women of Klal Yisrael, who sang

an abridged shira after Krias Yam Suf – “Sus u-rachvo rama



Olam talking to each Yid. The more you understand the Torah, the

better you connect to Ha-Kadosh Baruch Hu. The purpose of

learning is not only to know the halacha; we study gemara

because we value our relationship with the Ribbono shel Olam.

Shlomo Ha-Melech wrote Shir Ha-Shirim about this kesher

between Klal Yisrael and Ha-Kadosh Baruch Hu through the

Torah – “ihhn lsus ohcuy hf 'uvhp ,uehabn hbeah.” All the other shiros

thank Hashem for granting us life, but this shira thanks Him for

our quality of life, for making our lives worth living – as people

connected to Hashem. Even Matan Torah is impossible without

Shir Ha-Shirim, without realizing our value and potential. This is

why Shir Ha-Shirim is kodesh kadoshim.

Perek 1

“vnkak rat ohrhav rha” – The meforshim question why

this pasuk uses a different lashon than the ordinary usage, which

would be “Shir Ha-Shirim le-Shlomo.”

When asked to make any request that he desired, Shlomo

asked for chochma, thereby showing the world that wisdom is the

most valuable possession possible and provides the ultimate

satisfaction. Shir Ha-Shirim exemplifies Shlomo Ha-Melech,

because he taught the world about the value of ruchniyus. He is a

living example of Shir Ha-Shirim.

The Lubliner Rav was once approached by a secular

professor, who questioned how yeshiva students could listen to the

Rav lecture for hours on end about how they should lead their



Shir Ha-Shirim

Introduction

Chazal’s description and emphasis of the importance of

Shir Ha-Shirim is perplexing. The Zohar says that Shir Ha-Shirim

is so called because it is the greatest song of all songs – greater

than Az Yashir and Ha’azinu. Moreover, Rabbi Akiva insists

(Yadayim 3:5) that everyone agrees that Shir Ha-Shirim is

“metamei es ha-yadayim” – as holy as the other sifrei Tanach,

touching of which make one’s hands impure. Indeed, no day in

history was as valuable as the day that we received Shir

Ha-Shirim! Shir Ha-Shirim, Rabbi Akiva teaches, is “kodesh

kodashim.” What is so amazing and holy about this particular

shira?

If you receive a letter from your kallah, you don’t read it as

if reviewing bekiyus – you study and examine every word. Did she

mean this or did she mean that? How much did she mean that? The

more you love someone, the more you want to understand their

communication with you. And the better you communicate, the

more you connect with that person.

How do we grow to love Ha-Kadosh Baruch Hu? How can

we possibly fulfill the mitzva of “Ve-ahavta es Hashem

Elokecha”? There may be different methods for different people,

but clearly the best way of becoming closer to the Ribbono shel

Olam is through talmud Torah, His communication to us. Every

word in the Torah, every phrase in the gemara, is the Ribbono shel



people were falling through and getting injured. A “wise man”

suggested that rather than incur the costs of transporting people to

treatment by purchasing helicopters and ambulances, it would be

preferable to build a hospital on premises. In reality, this person is

obviously not a wise man, for a wise man would be treating the

problem, not the symptom. He would be fixing the bridge, not

building a hospital.

That is the distinction between non-Jewish courts and Jewish

courts; non-Jewish courts are treating symptoms while the Jewish

courts are fixing the underlying problem in order to prevent it from

happening again.

That’s why the posuk says “lifneihem”. The Torah created a body

of laws, those which we learn in Parshas Mishaptim, to restore us

back to the level at Sinai.

That is the reason for the Vav, and that is the reason for

shmitta - to reconnect Israel back to Sinai at the level where we all

stood together as one “Vayichan sham yisroal neged hahar”.

Where Israel stood together as one.



they refer to a deep connection between Shmittah and Sinai. Just as

at Sinai we had perfect unity so, too during Shmitta we are all one.

Mishpatim deals with the many different types of nezikin,

monetary damages. Examining the root cause of many damages

will show that they were resultant of negligence on the part of the

owner of that which caused the damage. This is also the theme of

Meseches Bava Kama: your friend’s money should be as dear as

your own money. The degree to which you watch your own money

is how you should be watching your friend’s.

Have you ever wondered why is it that a human is always

considered a muad (likely to damage)? Even while sleeping man

has to pay for an item he damages.

A person has to come to the realization that just as if they

damage their own item while sleeping they have to pay to replace

it, so too when they damage someone else’s item they need to

replace it. But it is more than just that. It is really as if it is their

item they are damaging, and that’s how they need to understand

their responsibility toward the property of another Jew.

The Ramchal understands “V’eila hamishpatim asher tasim

lifneihem,” and these are the laws you should place before them,

as a mandate to bring disputes to a Jewish court rather than a

gentile court. The gemara says that even if the ruling will be the

same a Jew may not go to a secular court.

This halacha can be understood based on the following

parable:

A bridge had developed a crack in the roadway. As a result,



can fulfill the entire Torah. There are mitzvos that apply to a kohen

that a yisrael cannot do. There are mitzvos for women which aren't

applicable to men.” Hillel answers that there are two ways to fulfill

the Torah - you can try to do it alone, or you can get the Torah as

part of the nation and accept it together. The Ksav Sofer notes that

Hillel told the convert, “As an individual you have a great

question; become part of the nation and then you can fulfill the

Torah.”

At Maamad Har Sinai, the Sinai experience, the Jewish

nation was “k’ish ached b’leiv echad”, like one man with one

heart. Only at that level, when we are all together, are we able to

accept the Torah.

The Ksav Sofer similarly understands that since Shmitta is a

year when every property owner opens up his fields and says,

“Whoever wants can take from my field”, Shmitta is when we all

become united. And that’s the level on which we were at Sinai

–united together like one man with one heart.

Shmitta is the year during which all of Klal Yisrael is one.

Division arises where there is competition. Competition can only

exist in the arena of gashmius, the mundane. By landowners not

showing ownership over the year’s crop, competition, and thereby

division, is thus eliminated. In ruchnius, spirituality, however, we

are together working towards one goal. We are one. If you have a

machlokes in ruchnius it is due to your ruchnius being

gashmiusdik, overly influenced by the mundane.

With this we can now understand what Chazal mean when



Parshas Mishpatim

What other function does a Vav serve?

Chazal state that the Vav in the opening phrase of this

week’s parsha, “V’eila hamishpatim”, and these are the laws, is a

link to the previous parsha, Yisro. Just as Yisro, which recounts the

Sinai revelation, took place at Sinai, so too this week’s parsha and

the halachos therein, were given at Sinai.” This seems difficult to

understand, as how could one have thought differently? Where else

did these laws come from? What is the need to state the obvious?

There is another parsha in the Torah connected explicitly

to Sinai. This is the beginning of Parshas Behar which discusses

the laws of Shmittah, the sabbatical year during which it is

prohibited to exercise ownership over one’s fields. Chazal state,

“Just as Shmitta is from Sinai, so all the other halachos are from

Sinai”.

What is this message; what is the inherent connection between

Shmittah and Sinai?

One idea from the Ksav Sofer can help us arrive at some

answers.

The gemara in Maseches Shabbos recounts a famous story

about a prospective convert coming to Hillel to learn Torah. The

convert asks Hillel to teach him the entire Torah “on one foot”.

Why does the questioner use the term “on one foot”?

The Ksav Sofer explains as follows: The convert came to Hillel

and said, “I looked at the Torah, and there is no one person that



between young children and Kodshim? The entire purpose of the

Beis Ha-Mikdash is renewal, and children are the easiest to mold

and change. When a person enters the Beis Ha-Mikdash, he must

be prepared to be shaped and changed, like a young child.

The ability to change and grow is integral to Yiddishkeit,

and that hischadshus is represented by the rebirth of the trees on

Tu Be-Shvat

Avinu as a five year old will be the way he envisions him when he is fifty; the

way a person learns to daven when he is three is how he will daven forever,

unfortunately. Chazal recognized this problem, and purposely chose Vayikra as

the appropriate book for young children. No child is going to grow up thinking

that he really knows Kodshim, but he might think that he really understands

Bereishis!



that is internalized. In fact, the Tur (O.C. 139) writes that we refer

to the Torah She-Be’al Peh when we refer to the Torah “asher

nata be-socheinu.” This Torah has no value if it does not

essentially change the person. If a person learns a blatt gemara and

remains the same person he was before, the blatt gemara had no

tachlis. “Be-chol yom yehiyu be-einecha ke-chadashim” – every

day, the Torah should do something new to you; it should be a

cause of renewal and rebirth.

In this sense, people are comparable to trees. Trees renew

themselves every year; the very same tree produces new fruit every

year. A person must similarly continuously renew himself – “ki

ha-adam etz ha-sadeh.” For that reason, the Torah She-Be’al Peh

was given at the time when the trees begin the process of rebirth –

to teach us that this is the tachlis of the Torah. Similarly, the

purpose of geula was renewal, and it therefore had to take place at

the time when the entire creation renews itself – Nisan. We

likewise begin to teach children Torah at a time that symbolizes

renewal – after three years, when a tree becomes usable. This is the

chashivus of Tu Be-Shvat – it represents the hischadshus necessary

for every Jew.

This point further clarifies another question. The Toras

Kohanim writes that children should begin learning Torah with

Sefer Vayikra: “Yavo kedoshim ve-yisasku be-inyanei kedusha

ve-tahara.” Kodshim is the most complicated seder in Shas; it

seems like a strange choice to teach to children! Wouldn’t

Bereishis be a more logical choice?2 What is the connection

2. Rav Yaakov Kaminetzky explained that what people learn as children remains

imprinted in their minds their entire lives. The way a person pictured Avraham



Great significance is assigned to the trees elsewhere as

well. Hashem chose to redeem Klal Yisrael from Egypt in Nisan,

the chodesh ha-aviv, and we are commanded to ensure that Pesach

always falls out during this time by making leap years. While the

trees’ birthday is Tu Be-Shvat, the fruits begin to blossom in Nisan.

Birchas Ha-Ilanos is supposed to be recited in Nisan, even though

the trees might in theory begin to blossom at a different point,1

because the geula was in Nisan; in fact, the geula took place in

Nisan because that is when the trees blossom! Why is such great

importance attributed to the trees?

Hischadshus

There are two elements of Torah – lilmud, to learn, and

la-asos, to do – which are intrinsically intertwined. Someone who

learns she-lo al menas la-asos, without the goal of acting upon his

learning, is condemned by Chazal – “noach lo she-lo nivra,”

(Yirushalmi Brachos 1,2) it would have been better if he was never

created. There is no value to such learning. Learning is simply a

way of internalizing what type a person is supposed to be. This is

fulfilled by the study of Torah She-Be’al Peh, the part of the Torah

1. The poskim discuss whether this bracha is a mitzvas asei she-ha-zman grama,

from which women should be exempt. They conclude that it is not, since it is not

really the zman that is gorem the mitzva, but rather nature – if the trees were to

blossom in Tamuz, we would make the bracha then. Rav Shlomo Kluger

(Responsa Ha-elef Lecha Shlomo O.C. 193) questions the Magen Avraham for

assuming that Kiddush Levana is a mitzvas asei she-ha-zman grama; the bracha

simply marks when the new moon appears – an element of nature, not time –

and a woman should therefore be obligated as much as a man. (The same could

be said for Birchas Ha-Chama.)



Tu Be-Shvat

The Shulchan Aruch rules (Hilchos Tachanun 131) that

Tachanun is not recited on Tu Be-Shvat. The Vilna Gaon writes

that this is obvious, as Tu Be-Shvat is a Yom Tov; the first mishna

in Rosh Hashana designates it as one of the Roshei Hashana (Rosh

Hashana 1,1). But what exactly are we celebrating on Tu

Be-Shvat? Tu Be-Shvat simply defines the age of a tree; any tree

that had developed to a certain extent before this particular date is

considered as if entering a new year when Tu Be-Shvat arrives.

Why should this day be a Yom Tov?

This question is further strengthened by an interesting

comment of the Zohar. Sefer Devarim, in which Moshe clarifies

the entire Torah for Klal Yisrael, was transmitted in the eleventh

month – the month of Shvat (Dvarim 1). The Zohar writes that

Shvat is the month of Torah She-Be’al Peh, the time of the

clarification of the Torah, and this month was chosen for this

purpose because it is the time of the trees’ birthday. Why is this

element so significant?

In addition, one of the sources for the Chassidishe minhag

of cutting a child’s hair only when he turns three is the mitzva of

orlah. A tree’s fruit may not be used for the first three years, and

“ha-adam etz ha-sadeh” – a person is compared to a tree

(Tanchuma kedoshim 9). While this source is a rather weak makor

for the massive festivities that have grown around the upsherin,

Chazal also associate the minhag of teaching a child the alef-beis

at age three based on this comparison to a tree.


Kovetz "Yerios Hamishkan"

Issue 1, Shevat 5772

Directors Rabbi Daniel A. Coren

Reuven Frankel

Editorial Staff Yitzchak H. Ashkenazi, Editor-in-Chief

Ovadia Hoffman, Editor

Shmuel Reich, Editor

Shragi Eckstein, Formatting

To be updated on future issues and subscription information:

[email protected]

Tu Be-Shvat…………………………………………………………………….……….1

Parshas Mishpatim-Shkalim….....................................................5

Compiled by Shimi Rosenberg

Shir Ha-Shirim……………………………………………………………………….…9

Psakim from: The Rav's visit to Eretz Yisroel (Chanuka)……..….14

Compiled by Ovadia Hoffman

Psakim from: Hilchos Yayin Nesech……………………………………..15

Compiled by Ovadia Hoffman

Tu Be-Shvat Insights from the Nightly Halacha Seder at Cong. Ahavas Yitzchok……………………………………………………………………………….…17

Rabbi Daniel Coren

לעד בספר יוחק

את נשמת האי גברא רבא, רחים ומוקיר רבנן, ואיהו גופיה צורבא מרבנן,

אוהב את הבריות ומקרבן לתורה,

אשתו,ל איש משכין שלום בין אדם לחבירו ובין

זצ"ל טאוברשבן הרב אהרון שמואלהר"ר

שע"ב, ד' שבט ה'תנלב"ע ביום שב"ק

ת.נ.צ.ב.ה.


KOVETZ

YERIOS HAMISHKAN

ß SHVAT 5772 ß

PARSHAS MISHPATIM

SHIR HA-SHIRIM

TU BE-SHVAT

PSAKIM


kovetz yerios hamishkan inagural isuue shvat 5772

Documents