SPM1702SPM1702Reka Bentuk Perisian Reka Bentuk Perisian

MultimediaMultimedia

Sesi 2007 / 2008Semester 2

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Megi vs Lemang??Megi vs Lemang??

Power Of Mind??Power Of Mind??

The Applications of Constructivism into The Applications of Constructivism into

Instructional DesignInstructional Design

The Applications of Constructivism into The Applications of Constructivism into Instructional DesignInstructional Design

What factors influences your knowledge?

Previous Learning / Information?

Current Information / Environmental?

Social Interaction?

Process of thinking? 3 phases of thinking (Piaget)?

The Applications of Constructivism into The Applications of Constructivism into Instructional DesignInstructional Design

Objectives :

Definition of constructivism Apply the constructivism into instructional design Define the advantages and in-advantages of

constructivism theory Give an example of constructivism in software

design & development

The Applications of Constructivism into The Applications of Constructivism into Instructional DesignInstructional Design

Intro :

Pioneer : Jerome Brunner (1966) Main element : Learning is active process which

construct the knowledge / new concept based on experiences

Constructing the knowledge by cognitive structure

The Applications of Constructivism into The Applications of Constructivism into Instructional DesignInstructional Design

Intro :

Cognitive structure (including schematic & mental structure) giving the meaning into student experiences.

This cognitive structure can give students more learning experiences from current information (current learning process)

The Applications of Constructivism into The Applications of Constructivism into Instructional DesignInstructional Design

Konstruktivisme – Three main element :

1. Every single individu construct their own knowledge / worldview through self experiences.

From that we can conclude that there are no true or false knowledge representation (perwakilan pengetahuan) (Kant in Von Glaserfeld, 1984, Hawkins, 1994)

The Applications of Constructivism into The Applications of Constructivism into Instructional DesignInstructional Design

Konstruktivisme – Three main element :

2. Learning process occur when there are In-equilibrium between previous information & new experiences or information. (Piaget, 1929) called this process as disequilibrium or dissonance.

Accommodation : process changing the knowledge representation (perwakilan pengetahuan) or previous knowledge to carry on new experiences

The Applications of Constructivism into The Applications of Constructivism into Instructional DesignInstructional Design

Konstruktivisme – Three main element :

3. (Vygotsky, 1978). The important part in learning process is the social interaction between learning group

The Applications of Constructivism into The Applications of Constructivism into Instructional DesignInstructional Design

Moshman (1982) : Classification of constructivism ; 1. Constructivism endogenous – emphasize on

knowledge development by student. Teacher : as a facilitator of disequilibrium by giving related experiences.

2. Constructivism exogenous – formal teaching process will be constructing on knowledge which can accommodated / relating into accepted experiences.

The Applications of Constructivism into The Applications of Constructivism into Instructional DesignInstructional Design

Moshman (1982) : Classification of constructivism ;

3. Constructivism dialectic – learning process occur through realistic experiences, student needs scaffolding (bantuan) by teacher & collaboration between learning group.

The Applications of Constructivism into The Applications of Constructivism into Instructional DesignInstructional Design

In general :

Constructivism : we as single individu develop our own perspective of worldview through experiences & schematic. This will be focusing on solve the “unclear” problem.

The Applications of Constructivism into The Applications of Constructivism into Instructional DesignInstructional Design

Constructivism from Merrill perspective :

Experiences will be developing the knowledge Learning is a translation of personal worldview Learning is an active process which worldview /

meaning develop from experiences.

The Applications of Constructivism into The Applications of Constructivism into Instructional DesignInstructional Design

The implication of constructivism theory onto teaching

process :

Teacher : emphasize the discovery learning while in learning process.

Teacher and student actively in interaction. Teacher : “adjust” the teaching process depends

on students abilities. Teacher : using the effective teaching method to

develop knowledge on students.

The Applications of Constructivism into The Applications of Constructivism into Instructional DesignInstructional Design

Learning & Constructivism :

Constructivism term refer to “construct” or “develop”

Constructivism is a view of learning that knowledge is constructing in our mind based on related experiences.

The Applications of Constructivism into The Applications of Constructivism into Instructional DesignInstructional Design

Learning & Constructivism :

Constructivism emphasize develop the knowledge by actively way through previous & current learning (interchangeable between previous & current learning)

Main element in constructivism : human develop their own knowledge by actively process ; compare new information with previous understanding / knowledge

Five Phase 0f T&L By NeedhamFive Phase 0f T&L By Needham

The Applications of Constructivism into Design The Applications of Constructivism into Design & Development of CAL& Development of CAL

Instructional inside the CAL must be based on student previous learning.

Eg : Use set induction

Provide environment / situation that ‘provoke’ / motivated student for learning.

The Applications of Constructivism into Design The Applications of Constructivism into Design & Development of CAL& Development of CAL

Example :

• Set induction : ask student about UMRAH, then related the previous knowledge about UMRAH into new T&L process.

• Provide more information about UMRAH via multimedia elements & controlling button.

The Applications of Constructivism into Design The Applications of Constructivism into Design & Development of CAL& Development of CAL

Structured on CAL (give more understanding to students)

Example : Provide main menu & sort sub-menu by theme

The Applications of Constructivism into Design The Applications of Constructivism into Design & Development of CAL& Development of CAL

Design on CAL must be easier to explorer by students & ‘motivated’ student to construct the knowledge in mind.

Example : Give related example (based on real situation) or analogy and also provide more ‘real context situation’ as an example.

The Applications of Constructivism into Design The Applications of Constructivism into Design & Development of CAL& Development of CAL

Design on CAL must be on multiple perspective.

Implement the collaboration tools & communication, database access. All this tools provide student to learn from multiple perspective.

The Applications of Constructivism into Design The Applications of Constructivism into Design & Development of CAL& Development of CAL

CAL must be ‘centralized’ on students. Student are free to choose topic.

Generated their own generalization. Planning their own learning. There are exit button available on every screen.

Authentic activities on CAL Eg : Use simulation strategy such as chemical lab

environment.

The Applications of Constructivism into Design The Applications of Constructivism into Design & Development of CAL& Development of CAL

More controlling tools for students. So, students can control their own learning & from that, they can make a correlation between previous & new knowledge.

Sort CAL content by ‘top down’ list.

Eg :First, Overview the subject / situation then specific it into fact / specific information.

The Applications of Constructivism into Design The Applications of Constructivism into Design & Development of CAL& Development of CAL

Motivated student to discover their own learning by implement it into CAL.

Student must be providing by discover activities of learning principe.

Student can control the learning strategies which in line with student ability or how they process the information.

The Applications of Constructivism into Design The Applications of Constructivism into Design & Development of CAL& Development of CAL

• Help students to make the generalization on learning process and transfer it into another

situation used different context.

The Applications of Constructivism into Design The Applications of Constructivism into Design & Development of CAL& Development of CAL

Students are provide by “over activities” than their abilities, then teacher or computer helps this student solve the problem.

Implement the Intrinsic motivation into CAL.

The advantages & in-advantages of The advantages & in-advantages of constructivism constructivism

Advantages :

This theory provide student to translate their own knowledge into multiple perspective

Students can implement / apply their own knowledge into various of situation.

The advantages & in-advantages of The advantages & in-advantages of constructivism constructivism

In-advantages :

The problem is when every single individu posing their own “true” idea.