konsep sistem komputer -...

FIRST COURSE

Konsep Sistem Komputer

Dr. Mohammad Iqbal

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Matrikulasi MMSI – Universitas Gunadarma 2013 2

Defenisi Komputer• A computer is an electronic device that accepts data and instructions from a user, manipulates the data according to the instructions, displays the information in some way, and stores the information for retrieval later

XPDefenisi Komputer

• An electronic device that accepts input,

processes the data and instructions, produces

output from the processing that is useful and

meaningful and stores the results for future

use.


XPBagaimana Komputer Bekerja?

• It must be given a detailed set of instructions that tell it exactly what to do.

• These instructions are called a computer program, or software.


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Tipe Komputer• Personal computers (PC)

– Desktop computers– Notebook (laptop) computers– Tablet PCs

• Handheld computers– PDA (personal digital assistant)– MP3 players– Cell phones

• Mainframe/Mini computers• Supercomputers

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Tipe KomputerPersonal Computers

PDA

Super Computers

Desktop Notebook

Tablet PC

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Sistem Komputer

• Includes computer hardware and software–Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer

– Software refers to the intangible components of a computer system, particularly the programs the computer needs to perform a specific task

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PERANGKAT KERASPERANGKAT KERAS

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Architecture or configuration is the design of the computer.

As in, what does the computer consist of?

Specification is the technical detail about each component.

As in, how big is the monitor?


Arsitektur Konfigurasi dan Spesifikasi

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Perangkat Keras Pemroses• The motherboard is the main electronic component of the computer

• The microprocessor is one of the most important pieces of processing hardware on the motherboard

• Cards are removable circuit boards

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Microprocessor, also referred to

as processor or CPU (Central Processing Unit

RAM ‐ Random Access Memory

Volatile

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Perangkat Input dan Output

• The data or instructions you type into the computer are called input

• The result of the computer processing your input is referred to as output and also referred to as information.

• Peripheral devices accomplish input and output functions

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Perangkat Input• You use an input device, such as a keyboard or a mouse, to input data and issue commands– Keyboard

– Pointing device• Controls the pointer

• Mouse

• Trackball

• Touch pad

• Pointing stick

– Scanner

– Touch Screen

– Pen Input

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Perangkat Output• Output devices show you the results of processing data– Monitor

• Flat panel

• LCD

• CRT

– Printer• Laser

• Inkjet

• Dot matrix

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Representasi Data

• Binary digits (bits)

• A series of eight bits is called a byte

• ASCII– American Standard Code for Information Interchange

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Ukuran Penyimpanan

Byte = one character

Kilobyte = approximately 1000 characters

Megabyte = approximately one million characters

Gigabyte = approximately one billion characters

Terabyte = approximately one trillion characters

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Perangkat Memory• Random access memory (RAM)

– Volatile memory

– SDRAM

• Cache memory (RAM cache or CPU cache)

• Virtual memory

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Perangkat Memory

• Read‐only memory (ROM)– BIOS

– Nonvolatile memory

• Complementary metal oxide semiconductor memory (CMOS)

• Semi permanent memory

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Metode Akses Memori

Sequential access – retrieve data in order.

Example of media‐magnetic tape

Direct or random access – go directly to required data.

Example of media‐magnetic disk, CD‐Rom, DVD

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Media Penyimpanan• A computer file is a named collection of stored data

• An executable file contains the instructions that tell a computer how to perform a specific task

• A data file is created by a user

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Media Penyimpanan• Magnetic media

– Hard disk

– Tape

– Floppy disk

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Media Penyimpanan

Consists of one or more rigid metal platters coated with a metal oxide material that allows data to be magnetically recorded on the surface of the platters

The number of platters permanently

mounted on the spindle of a hard disk

varies.

Hard Drive

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Media Penyimpanan• Optical storage device

– CD

– DVD

– CD‐R

– CD‐RW

– CD‐ROM

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Media Penyimpanan

• Flash memory– Flash memory cards

– USB flash storage device

– USB drive (flash drive)

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Komunikasi Data

• The transmission of text, numeric, voice, or video data from one computer to another or to a peripheral device is called data communications– Sender and receiver

– Channel

– Protocol

– Device driver (driver)

XPKomponen Komunikasi Data

The four essential components of data communications are:

• Sender

• Channel

• Receiver

• Protocols


XPKomunikasi Data

A sender is the computer that originates the message.

The message is sent over a channel, such as a telephone

The receiver is the computer at the message’s destination.

Protocols are the rules that establish the transfer of data between sender and receiver.


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New Perspectives on Essential Computer Concepts

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Network – Jaringan Komputer

A network connects one computer to other computers and peripherals.

In a local area network (LAN), computers and peripherals are close to each other.

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Network – Jaringan Komputer

Each computer that is part of the network must have a network interface card and network software.

Then it becomes a workstation.

Any device connected to the network is called a node.

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Network – Jaringan Komputer• A network connects one computer to other computers and peripheral devices, enabling you to share data and resources with others

• Network interface card (NIC)• LAN• WAN• WLAN• PAN• WiMax

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Telecommunications

• Telecommunications means communicating over a comparatively long distance using a phone line or some other data conduit– Modem

• Digital and analog signals

– DSL

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Telekomunikasi

• Telecommunications is communicating over a telephone. In the telecommunications process, the modem converts digital signals to analog signals at the sending site and a second modem converts them back at the receiving site.

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Internet• The Internet is the largest network in the world, connecting millions of people– Electronic mail

– World Wide Web• Web page

• Web site

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Internet

The Internet is the world’s largest network.

E‐mail and the World Wide Web are two benefits of the Internet.

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A hyperlink is a place on a Web

page allowing you to connect to a

particular file.http://www.course.com/newperspectives

Internet

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Internet

A Web browser is

the communications software that allows you to navigate the WWW.

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Security Threats on Your Computer

• Security refers to the steps a computer owner takes to prevent unauthorized use of or damage to the computer– Malware

• Viruses– Antivirus software

• Spyware

• Adware

• Firewall

• Phishing

• Pharming

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