knowledge sharing in the sciences
DESCRIPTION
Given at the Symposium on Common Use Licensing of Publicly Funded Scientific Data and Publications on 27 March 2009 at Academia Sinica in Taipei, TaiwanTRANSCRIPT
knowledge sharing in the sciences
kaitlin thaneyprogram manager, science commons
“symposium on common use licensing of publicly funded scientific data and publications”taipei, taiwan - 27 march 2009
This presentation is licensed under the CreativeCommons-Attribution-3.0 license.
the “research web”
making the web work better for science
integrating disparate knowledge sources
make better use of existing information in the digital form
Open Access Content
Open Source Knowledge Management
Open Access Research Materials
the research web
Open Access Content
the research web
scientific revolutions occur when a sufficient body of data accumulates to
overthrow the dominant theorieswe use to frame reality
a so-called paradigm shift
- from thomas kuhn
... it all starts with access to the scientific content and data ...
step one
scholarship entrenched in idea of transmitting knowledge via paper
mentality reflected even in the way we describe “papers”
static, one-dimensional documents
in the digital world, “papers” can become living, breathing works
no longer static PDF documents
linking to data sets, other relevant papers, information, plasmids, genes
need to change the way we think of scholarly publishing
paradigm shift
begin thinking of “papers” as containers of knowledge
content needs to be legally and technically accessible
thinking of “papers” more as containers of knowledge
copyright locks that container
Open Access (OA)
“ By open access to the literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting users to
read, download, copy, distribute. print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any
other lawful purpose, without financial, legal or technical barriers other than those inseparable from
gaining access to the internet itself.”
Image from the Public Library of Science, licensed to the public, under CC-BY-3.0
Budapest Open Access Declaration
<http://www.soros.org/openaccess/>
“The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to properly acknowledged and
cited.”
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/
legal implementation
(1) publishers(2) academics(3) institutions
provide tools and resources for those to go Open Access:
(1) publishers:
... of scientific data... of scientific journals and publications
image from the public library of sciencelicensed to the public under CC-BY 3.0
>1000 journals under CC-BY>3600 journals OA journals in DOAJ
Open Access journals
early adopters:
Public Library of Science (PLoS)BioMedCentral (BMC)
Hindawi
also ... Nature Publishing Group:
CC-BY for Nature Precedings
seeing the benefit of openness, transparency, access
(2) academics:
via addenda and policy to help retain rights to self-archive their works
traditional transfer of copyright agreement
promote author’s rights
web tool
MIT, Carnegie Mellon,
ARL
(3) institutions
looking to implement OA policies
OA policy guides, white papers
<< in collaboration with the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC) >>
can be found at:http://sciencecommons.org/resources/readingroom
• Open Doors and Open Minds: What faculty authors can do to ensure access to their work at their institutions
• Complying with the NIH Public Access Policy - Copyright Considerations and Options
open access to scientific literature is key ...
open data work
facilitating data sharing
legal issues:
“it’s complicated”
makes Open Access to literature look easy
copyright and databases
what’s protected? is it legal?
facts are free
to what extent is there creative expression?
database protections based on jurisdiction
sui generis, “sweat of the brow”
Crown copyright
the list goes on ....
social issues:
protection instinct / culture of control
public domain relinquishes much of this control, even control in the service of
freedom
“my data”, interpretation issues
issue of license propagation
whatever you do to the least of the databases, you do to the integrated system
(the most restrictive wins)
need for a legally accurate and simple solution
reducing or eliminating the need to make the distinction of what’s protected
requires modular, standards based approach to licensing
our solution :
reconstruction of the public domain
create legal zones of certainty for data
attribution through accompanying norms
3.1 The protocol must promote legal predictability and certainty.
3.2 The protocol must be easy to use and understand.
3.3 The protocol must impose the lowest possible transaction costs on users.
For the full text: http://sciencecommons.org/projects/publishing/open-access-data-protocol/
CC Zero waiver + SC norms
waive rights public domain
attribution / citation through community norms, not a contract
a protocol, not a license
calls for data providers to waive all rights necessary for data extraction and re-use
requires provider place no additional obligations (like share-alike) to limit
downstream use
request behavior (like attribution) through norms and terms of use
public domain is the natural state of data
examples:human genome, geographic data,
NASA photographs
early adopters, committing to make their data open
using CC0
(1) Tranche - free, open source (2) Personal Genome Project
public domain = license, cannot be made “more free” - only less free
PD = the original commons
no “one size fits all” solution
at least make metadata open, if can’t make data itself open
design for maximum reuse
ensure the freedom to integrate
all built on a commons
allows for snap together integration of the tools, data, research literature
