knowledge organiser

Success is the sum of small efforts repeated day in and out.

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Science

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French

HistoryGeography Hegarty

MathsModern Britain

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Y10 Biology Week 1-2 Y10 Biology Week 3-4 Y10 Biology Week 5-6

Scientists use several ways of ageing the tools.a)Simple tools are likely to be older than more complex shaped toolsb) Looking at rock layers in the tools. Older rock layers are found deeper in the ground.c) If additional materials are found with the tool e.g. a wood handle then these can undergo carbon-14-dating. Surrounding silt and other carbon containing material may also be carbon dated.

Selective breeding and genetic engineering disadvantages● Rare alleles disappear or are bred out● Lack of variation so more susceptible to disease● Genetic modification is expensive● GM genes can be transferred to wild plants

Selective breeding and genetic engineering advantages● Plants can be bred/engineered to be resistant to

pests, drought and herbicides● Plants can be bred/engineered to taste better,

produce more (higher yield) or be bigger.Fertilisers and biological control● Fertilisers are used to add nitrates to the soil to

help plants grow.● Predators can be introduced to an area as a

method of biological control - they kill the pests.● Herbivores that eat certain types of plant can be

used to control weeds.● Too much fertiliser can be harmful to the

environment. It causes pollution in waterways which can lead to fast growing algae clogging it all up and most organisms dying (eutrophication).

Darwin’s theory of Evolution was based on three observations:• Individual organisms in a particular species show variation for a characteristic.• Individuals with characteristics most suited to the environment are more likely to breed.• The characteristics that have enabled these individuals to survive are passed onto the next generation.

The theory was only gradually accepted because:• The theory challenged the idea that God made all the animals and plants that live on Earth.• With insufficient evidence at the time the theory was published, it failed to convince many scientists.• The mechanism of inheritance and variation was not known until 50 years after the theory of evolution was published.

Breeds - different forms of the same species of animal.Varieties - different forms of the same species of plant

Tissue Culture is used to produce new plants of very rare species which are at risk of extinction. It can also be used to produce clones

Y10 Chemistry Week 1-2 Y10 Chemistry Week 3-4 Y10 Chemistry Week 5-6

Molecular formula - The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.

Empirical formula - The simplest whole number ratio of atoms or ions of each element in a substance.

For example:H2O2 = Molecular formula HO = Empirical formula

Relative atomic mass (Ar) - the mass number of the element in the periodic table. E.g. Carbon has an Ar of 12.

Relative formula mass (Mr) - the sum of the mass numbers of the elements in a molecule.E.g. Carbon dioxide (CO2) has 1 Carbon atom and 2 Oxygen atoms.Mr = 12 + 16 + 16 = 44

Conservation of massThe mass of the reactants = the mass of the productsClosed system - no new substances are added or removed. If the total mass of the products is less than the reactants then a gas product may have escaped.

Higher: MolesOne mole of a substance contains the same number of particles, atoms, molecules, or ions as one mole of any other substance. The number of these atoms, molecules or ions in a mole is the Avogadro constant (which is 6.02 x 1023).

Moles = Mass / Mr

Worked Example:Calculate the number of moles in 80g of CH4.Step 1 - calculate MrMr = 12 + 4(1) = 16Step 2 - moles = Mass / MrMoles = 80 / 16 = 5 moles

Core practical: Electrolysis

Investigating the empirical formula of MgOMagnesium ribbon with a mass of 0.576g was heated in a crucible. It produced 0.960g of Magnesium oxide. Calculate the empirical formula of Magnesium oxide.

ElectrolysisElectrolysis = The breaking down of an ionic compound using electricity. Electrolyte = ionic compound in a dissolved state or molten.The cathode is the negative electrode which attracts positive ions (cations). The anode is the positive electrode which attracts negative ions (anions).

In the purification of Copper, the Copper to be purified is used as the anode and some very pure Copper is used as the cathode.

Y10 Physics Week 1-2 Y10 Physics Week 3-4 Y10 Physics Week 5-6

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Visible Light Colours

Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain

The EM waves with longer wavelengths are:● Infrared● Microwaves● Radio waves

Producing Radio Waves (H)Radio waves are produced by oscillations (variations in current and voltage) in electrical circuits.

The amount of energy transferred in a certain time is the power, measured in watts (W) or J/s.

Radiation and Temperature (H)

Core Practical - Investigating RadiationDifferent types of surfaces affect how much energy is transferred by radiation from different objects.

Independent variable - what you are changing. Dependent variable - what you are measuring.Control variable - what you are keeping the same to make it fair.

The EM waves with shorter wavelengths are:● Ultraviolet● X-rays● Gamma rays

Using the longer wavelengths

Using the shorter wavelengths

EM Radiation Dangers

Radio waves

Microwaves Infrared Visible Light

Ultraviolet X-Rays Gamma rays

No known dangers

Heating water inside

cells. Damage to

cells.

Burns Damage to retina

(eye)

Burns to skin, Skin

cancer, Damage to

eyes

Cancer Cancer

The higher the frequency of the Electromagnetic wave the more dangerous it is.Atomic Models

Over the years there have been many different models of the atom. The models have been improved as technology has improved and new discoveries made, such as the discovery of electrons by Thomson in 1897.

ENGLISH YEAR 10 KO Cycle 1 Structure

Soliloquy - a speech to one’s self - thinking aloud. Often reveals a character’s true thoughts. Aside - a remark or passage in a play that is intended to be heard by the audience but unheard by the other characters in the play.Rhyming Couplets - a rhyming pair of successive lines of verse, typically of the same length.Monologue - a long speech by one character although there can be other characters present on stage.Duologue - a part of a play where two characters are speaking.Iambic Pentameter - a line of verse with five metrical feet, each consisting of one short (or unstressed) syllable followed by one long (or stressed) syllable, for example, ‘So foul and fair a day I have not seen.’ (ba-DUM, ba-DUM, ba-DUM, ba-DUM, ba-DUM.)Blank Verse - Unrhymed Iambic Pentameter. In Macbeth, the noble characters mostly speak in unrhymed iambic pentameter. This controlled meter conveys power, control and authority.Prose - normal speech without a set rhythm. Shakespeare uses it to show a lack of nobility, power and authority (the drunk porter, Lady M’s attendants, the murderers) and also a loss of formality or control (M’s letter to LadyM; Lady M sleepwalking)Trochaic Tetrameter - a rhythmic pattern that consists of four trochees. A trochee is a long syllable, or stressed syllable, followed by a short, or unstressed, one. The witches speak in this verse, making it sound like eerie chanting, ‘DOUble, DOUble, TOIL and TROUble’Exposition - the insertion of background information within a story or narrative; for example, information about the setting, characters' backstories, prior plot events, historical context (Macbeth as a noble war hero)Rising Action -includes all decisions, characters' flaws, and background circumstances that together create turns and twists leading to a climax. (The lead up to Duncan’s murder)Climax - turning point of and point of highest tension and drama (Duncan’s murder)Falling Action - the parts of a story after the climax and before the very end. Denouement - the final part of a play in which the strands of the plot are drawn together and matters are explained or resolved.Linear structure - the play unfolds in a chronological time order.Scene order - the witches appear first in the play which reflects their influence on MacbethDramatic irony - where the full significance of a character’s words or actions is clear to the audience although unknown to the character.Foreshadowing - a warning or indication of a future eventProtagonist - the leading character or one of the major characters in a play,Offstage Action - events that happen off stage (Duncan’s murder, Lady Macbeth’s death)

Language

Animal imagery - Lady Macbeth is linked to serpents (symbolise deception/original sin)Macbeth - ‘lion’ -> ‘hellhound’Chaos of the natural world/order - since Duncan’s murder, the world is plunged into darkness. An owl kills a falcon which is a complete reversal of the natural order.Liquid imagery - poison/influence of supernatural - when linked to Lady Macbeth Imagery of ill-fitting clothes - Macbeth is not a worthy king

Key Symbols:blood - guiltwater - purity/cleansingdagger - temptationchildren - innocenceSleep - peace of mind/restnight/dark - evil

Character Language Traits: The Witches:

- Chiasmus: when words are repeated in reverse order: ‘Fair is foul and foul is fair’ (riddles and half truths) ambiguity

- Flattery- Repetition- triplets

Lady Macbeth: - Imperative verbs (power/control)- Flattery (manipulation)- Rhetorical questions (challenge Macbeth’s manhood)- Triplets (echo the witches)

Macbeth - mirrors the witches’ language (influence of supernatural)- Imperative verbs (authority/power)

Form: Tragedy

Tragedy - a play dealing with tragic events and having an unhappy ending, especially one concerning the downfall of the main character.Tragic hero - Aristotle suggests that the hero of a tragedy must evoke a sense of pity or fear within the audience, They are essentially a noble character who experiences a downfall due to their tragic flaw and fate.Hamartia (tragic flaw) - Macbeth’s hamartia is his ‘vaulting ambition’ which ultimately leads to his tragic downfall.Internal Conflict - the struggle the hero engages in with his/her fatal flawHubris - excessive pride and confidence Peripeteia - a reversal of fortune brought about by the tragic hero’s fall.Anagnorisis - crucial discovery (when Macbeth realises that he’s not invincible: MacDuff ‘untimely ripped.’Pathos - used in order to illicit powerful feelings of pity, sorrow and sympathy from the audience. Catharsis - arouse feelings of pity and fear; having felt these, the audience will be purged or purified.The release of emotions through empathy with the characters.

Context

Written in 1606 (Jacobean times)Divine Right of Kings - a monarch is subject to no earthly authority, deriving the right to rule directly from the will of God. People believed in The Great Chain of Being - that all life was part of a social hierarchy with God at the top. James 1st - a patron of Shakespeare’s acting company. He was also James V1 of Scotland so Shakespeare had the king in mind when writing a play about Macbeth, a figure from Scottish ancestry. Furthermore, King James’ family claimed to have descended from Banquo. James 1st was fascinated by witchcraft and wrote a book called Daemonologie. The Gunpowder Plot - in 1605. A group of rebels, including Guy Fawkes, attempted regicide by plotting to blow up Parliament. Shakespeare shows how those who commit regicide will meet a tragic end.Regicide - murdering a king was considered to be the ultimate sinPatriarchal Society/Gender Roles - society was controlled by men. Women were seen as the weaker sex and were expected to be meek and mild. Gender roles were clearly defined.Witchcraft/The Supernatural - in the early 17th century, the belief in witches and the supernatural was extremely strong and many ‘witches’ were burnt at the stake. Religion - religion was extremely important and maintaining moral purity

Why is the Qur’an important to Muslims?

It contains the true words of Allah, so is the direct revelation from Allah to humanity.

What other Holy books are important in Islam?

The TorahThe Scrolls of AbrahamThe GospelThe Psalms

Modern Britain Year 10 Cycle 1 KO - Islam Beliefs and Teachings Revision Explain Muslim beliefs on the following:

Oneness of GodTawhid - the belief is that there is only one God. This makes Islam a monotheism religion.

Supremacy of God’s willGod is the one and only Creator and Controller of everything: therefore nothing takes place unless God allows it to happens.

What are the main similarities and differences between the beliefs of Sunni Muslims and Shi’a Muslims

Similarities Differences

Tawhid : oneness of God.Prophethood and Day of Judgement.Their central beliefs summarised by six Articles and 5 Roots.Their beliefs unite and support them in their faith.

Angels.Resurrection.The Holy Books.

The six articles of

faith in Sunni Islam

The five roots of

‘Usul ad-Din in Shi’a Islam

Explain why it is important for Muslims to believe that even though God is beyond human understanding, he

makes himself known in ways people can partly understand.

He has 99 names as this helps people know what God is like:Immanent - God is present everywhereBeneficent - God is all goodFair and Just - God treats everyone fairMerciful - God shows compassion

What do angels do and why?They are spiritual beings who serve God and pass on his word to people through prophets.

Explain why the following angels are important:Jibril:The angel of revelation, who revealed the Qur’an to Muhammad.

Mika’il:The angel of Mercy, who rewards good deeds and provides nourishment for the Earth and human life.

Explain how the belief in predestination and human freedom can

affect what happens on the Day of Judgement.

Muslims believe that they are responsible for their own actions and so will be rewarded or punished for them by God on the Day of Judgement. God has written down what will happen.

What do Muslims believe about life after death?

They believe that after death they enter a state of waiting until the Day of Judgement when God judges them and sends them to heaven.

What impact will this have on the lives of believers?

Belief in after death encourages Muslims to take responsibility for their actions and to live in a way that pleases God.

What is prophethood?

Messengers of Allah

Why is Adam an important prophet?

First prophet to be created and tasked to look after the world and care for Allah’s creations.

Explain the importance of Ibrahim to Muslims.

He fulfilled all the tests and commands given to him by God. He showed great faith in God. He is a good role model for muslims.

Why is Muhammad important to Muslims?

He received the final revelation of Islam of God. He was God’s messenger.

Why is the Imamate important in Shi’a Islam?

Imam should be a descendant of Mohammed and chosen by God.

Tawhid

Angels

The Supremacy

of God’s Will

Day of Judgement

The Prophets

The Holy

Books

Prophethood

Tawhid

The Imamate

The Justice of

God

Resurrection

What do Christians believe about afterlife and judgement?

Christians believe that they will be resurrected and receive eternal life after they die. The judgement will happen either very soon after death or on the day of judgement for good actions and behaviour or for faith in God & Jesus.

Christian teaching to support:

“I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me” John 14:6

What happened at Jesus’ crucifixion?Jesus was executed on the cross. Nailed to the cross and left to die.

Why do Christians use a cross or crucifix as a symbol to remind them of Jesus?

The cross is used to symbolise their faith.

Explain the different Christian beliefs about creation

Fundamental Christians - The Bible is ‘literally true’. The Bible is literally the word of God.Liberal Christians - The Bible story of creation is metaphorical (not literally true). The creation took longer.

What is the Trinity?

The belief that there are three persons in one God; the Father;the Son and the Holy Spirit.

Modern Britain Year 10 KO Cycle 1 - Christian beliefs and practices revision Define the following:Denomination: A distinct group with Christian faith.

Orthodox: A branch of Christianity mainly practiced in East Europe.Protestant: Are called this name because they protested.

Catholic: Branch of Christianity - based in Rome.

God as omnipotent, loving and just

How can these qualities relate to the way Christians should live their lives, including during times of suffering?

Christians should live their life loving all without judging and the belief that God will control everything and will look after others.

Quote to support:“Nothing is impossible with God.” Luke 1:37

Quote about creation:“In the beginning, God created the heavens and the Earth.” Genesis 1:13

Define incarnation:

Becoming flesh - taking human form.

How can the fact Christians believe Jesus is God incarnate help them to understand the Trinity?

Christians believe that Jesus was the Son of God: one of the persons of the Trinity.

Explain why the resurrection and ascension are significant events for Christians.

The resurrection is when Jesus arose from the dead. Shows the power of good over evil and life after death. Ascension shows Jesus is with God in heaven.

How likely are these events to have happened? Give reasons.

Resurrection is important as it shows Christians divine nature of Jesus. The world be to Christian faith without resurrection. Ascension shows he returned to God after 40 days and is in heaven.

How might the belief in life after death affect the way Christians live their lives?

It is judged on how they have been behaving during their lifetimes, as well as their faith in following Jesus

Heaven and Hell

Some Christians believe… Other Christians believe…

That only those who believe in Jesus will be with God in Heaven.

Heaven is reserved for christians, but also followers of other faiths who have lived good lives.

Why can the human mind not fully understand the ‘mystery of God’?

Because the persons of the Trinity are not the same; you have: God the Father, God the Son

and God the Holy Spirit.

Sin and salvationHow is the original sin linked to Christians views on

salvation?Any sins can be saved by salvation as it repairs the damage caused by sin.

What is Jesus’ role in salvation?Holy Spirit gives grace to Christians and continues to guide them in their daily lives, to help them achieve salvation.

What is atonement?

Restoring the relationship between people and God through life, death and resurrection of Jesus.

MODERN BRITAIN Year 10 KO Cycle 1 - CHRISTIANITY -CHRISTIAN BELIEFS

SALVATION CREATION LIFE AFTER DEATH LAST DAYS OF CHRIST

SIN Free will

God gave people free will but some people choose to turn away from God . this explains the presence of moral evil

VALUE OF SOUL MAKING The idea that evil and suffering has a purpose - suffering can make a person stronger and help appreciate the good things in life (John Hick)

OMNIBENEVOLENT If God is this he would want to remove

evil and suffering in the world

OMNISCIENT If God is all knowing he would know

where to remove the suffering and evil OMNIPOTENT

If God is all powerful he will be able to remove all the evil and suffering.

What it is and its importance: -being saved from sin through the belief

in Jesus - Atonement = humans are reconciled

and forgiven by God through redemption

-When God sent Jesus to Earth , the sins of humanity are forgiven

-Jesus was without sin and offered redemption for humans when

sacrificing his life

SIGNIFICANCE: -Confirm belief in all-powerful and

loving God -Allow humans to understand the importance of being reconciled

-give humans hope for the afterlife .

DIFFERENT UNDERSTANDINGS OF ATONEMENT & SIGNIFICANCE : -Jesus’ death as a divine sacrifice

represents God’s love for humanity . It is seen as an offering to God to mend

the broken relationship. -Jesus’ death is the victory of good

over evil, as Jesus was used as ransom to stop the devil having any hold over humanity. It also represents the price

being paid for the forgiveness of humanity .

Crucifixion: Jesus was sentenced to death on a

cross when he was accused of blasphemy.

“Carrying his own cross, he went out to the place of the skull…” (John

19:17 Resurrection:

Jesus was brought back to life three days after his crucifixion.

“Why do you look for the living among the dead? He is not here; he has risen!”(Luke 24:5-6)

WISDOM & AUTHORITY: “For God so loved the world that he

gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life.” (John

3:16) SOURCES OF WISDOM AND AUTHORITY:

“In the beginning was the Word, and the Word

was God” (John 1:1)

“In the beginning God created the heavens and

the earth”. (Genesis 1:1-2)

CREATION NON LITERALISTS:

-God created the world but the story is metaphorical as the word ‘day’ is a

metaphor for a longer period -Science and religion together explain the

Creation so there is no conflict, Bible=why Science=how

LITERALISTS (CREATIONISTS):

-the creation story as it is told in the Bible is literally true

-God created the world in 6-24 hour days -Do not accept scientific explanations- Big

Resurrection & the Soul: - Eschatology (end times) is not meant by death, and that the resurrection of

Jesus shows L.A.D “I am the resurrection and the life.

The one who believes in me will live, even though they die.” (John 11:25) -The soul is immortal ; the soul is the

thing that goes to hell, heaven or purgatory (to be cleansed for heaven). The souls that go to hell are the ones

that have not achieved salvation.

The IMPORTANCE : -evidence that Jesus was the Son of God

-Christian belief in Life after death -relationship with God and Jesus

-God saved or redeemed humanity -God is forgiving

-importance of Jesus -The Eucharist from the last meal.

Betrayal and arrest: Jesus was escorted by soldiers from the Garden of Gethsemane, when he was

betrayed by Judes. “Then Jesus went with his disciples

to a place called Gethsemane…” (Matthew 26:36)

Bang etc

DIVERGENT UNDERSTANDINGS: - All Christians accept the belief in the

afterlife ; however they have different understandings of it;

-Some understand these places as Spiritual whilst others believe they are

physical -Some believe that members of all

faiths have a place in Heaven, whilst others believe those without faith will be rewarded differently if they have

done good. -Some believe in the Second Coming –

return of Jesus back to Earth -Some see it as a test for the final

judgement, whilst others see it as a way of strengthening their belief in God.

HEAVEN AND HELL: -Heaven is mentioned in the Bible but has very few descriptions- this had led to people

having mixed views on what it could be; some believe it is a physical place, others think it is a spiritual place where they are united with

God. “He will wipe away every tear from their

eyes. There will be no more death or mourning or crying or pain.” (Revelation

21:4) -Hell is where unrepentant sinners go after

death, if they do not accept God’s forgiveness or salvation.

“…be afraid of the One who can destroy both the soul and the body in hell.”

(Matthew 10:28)

JUDGEMENT & THE 39 ARTICLES OF FAITH:

-God is just and He will decide the destination of the soul for everyone. Also, Jesus is involved in judgement and will

offer ‘salvation’ “For we must appear before the judgement

of Christ, so that each of us may receive what is due for us…” (2 Corinthians 5:10) -The 39 Articles of Religion are statements from the Church of England to make clear

the position of the Church “Christ did truly rise again from death, and

took again his body…wherewith he ascended into Heaven…until he will return

to judge…” (39 Articles IV)

Ascension: Jesus ascended to heaven 40 days after

his resurrection. “After the lord Jesus had spoken to them, he was taken up into heaven

and he sat at the right hand of God.”( The last supper:

Jesus shared his last meal with the disciples, where there was bread and

wine. “…I will not eat it again until it finds

fulfilment in the kingdom of God.”(Luke 22:14-16)Mark 16:19)

Art and Design Knowledge Organiser Year 10 

Assessment Objective 1: Contextual Understanding - Develop ideas through investigations, demonstrating critical understanding of sources. 

Key words: Abstract, Contrast, Design, Detail, Expressive, Final piece, Highlight, Monochrome, Observational, Outcome, Portrait, Proportion, Realistic, Reflection, Research, Rough, Shading, Smooth, Solid, Surface, Symbol, Armature, Clay, Coiling, Biscuit, Firing, Glaze, Marquette, Acrylic paint, Cartridge paper, Charcoal, Lino, Masking tape, Oil paints, Palette knife, Pastels, Watercolour paint, Scalpel, Scissors, Tissue paper, Abstract, Contrast, Design, Detail, Expressive, Batik, Textile 

Assessment Objective 2: Creative Making - refine work by exploring ideas and experimenting with appropriate media, materials, techniques and processes. 

Media  The substance that an artist uses to make art. 

Materials  The same as media but can also refer to the basis of the art work eg. canvas, paper, clay. 

Techniques  The method used to complete the art work, can be generic such as painting or more focused such as blending. 

Processes  The method used to create artwork that usually follows a range of steps rather than just one skill. 

Colour Theory 

Primary: Red, Yellow, Blue Secondary: Primary + Primary Tertiary: Primary + Secondary Shades: Add black Tints: Add white  

Complimentary: Colours opposite on the colour wheel Harmonious: Colours next to each other on the wheel Monochromatic: Shades, tones and tints of one colour Hue: The pigment Warm: Red, Orange, Yellow Cold: Blue, Green, Purple 

Pencil  The basic tool for drawing, can be used for linear work or for shading. Coloured pencils can be layered to blend colours, some are water soluble. 

Pen/Biro  Drawings can be completed in pen and shaded using hatching or cross hatching. 

Pastel/Chalk  Oil and chalk pastels can be used to blend colours smoothly, chalk pastels give a lighter effect. 

Acrylic paint  A thick heavy paint that can be used smoothly or to create texture. 

Watercolour  A solid or liquid paint that is to be used watered down and layered. 

Gouache  A pure pigment paint that can be used like watercolours or more thickly for an opaque effect. 

Pressprint  A polystyrene sheet that can be drawn into, to print the negative image - can be used more than once. 

Monoprint  Where ink is transferred onto paper by drawing over a prepared surface. Only one print is produced using pressure in certain areas. 

Collograph  A printing plate constructed of collaged materials, producing prints that are based on textures. 

Card construction 

Sculptures created by building up layers of card or fitting together. 

Wire  Thick or thin wire manipulated to create 2D or 3D forms. 

Clay  A soft, natural, substance used for sculpting. When fired, it can be glazed to create shiny colourful surfaces. Different techniques included pinching, slab forming, coil building, hand built and wheel thrown. 

Batik  A fabric technique using hot wax to resist coloured inks. 

Silk painting  Fabric inks painted onto silk. Gutta can be used as an outliner to prevent colours mixing. 

Assessment Objective 3: Reflective Recording - Record ideas, observations and insights relevant to intentions as work progresses. 

Methods of Recording  Annotation 

Observational drawing 

Drawing from looking at images or objects.  Describes writing notes, using images and explaining your thoughts to show the development of your work.  Step 1 - Describe What is this an image of? What have you done here? What was this stage of the project for?  Step 2 - Explain How was this work made? How did you produce particular effects? How did you decide on the composition?  Step 3 - Reflect Why did you use these specific methods? Why do particular parts work better than others? How would you do things differently next time?  

First hand observation 

Drawing directly from looking at objects in front of you. 

Second hand observation 

Drawing from looking at images of objects. 

Photographs  Using a camera or smartphone to record images will class as first hand observation. 

Sketches  Basic sketches and doodles can act as a starting point for development. 

Tonal shading  Produce a range of tones by varying the pressure and layering - consider using softer pencils for darker shades. 

    Dark Light Hatching Cross-hatching Stumping Stippling 

Stages of Drawing: Basic shapes > Accurate shapes > Detail > Shading 

Assessment Objective 4: Personal Presentation - Present a personal and meaningful response that realises intentions and demonstrates understanding of visual language. 

Formal Elements of Art 

 

Composition Layouts 

 

Developing your idea as a final piece 

Rough - A basic sketch of a final idea A Visual/Maquette - A small image or model created in the selected materials Final Piece - An image or sculpture pulling all preparatory work together 

 

Year 10 - Architecture Keywords: Architecture, pen, watercolour, collage, layered, emotion, tone, texture, detailed, composition, mixed media, form, perspective, monoprinting, wash, urban, sketching, illustration, depth, colour, layout, scene, painting, observations.  

Ian Murphy Ian Murphy works in a variety of drawing, printing and painting techniques to produce large bold canvasses. The character and eroded architecture of Venice has been the inspiration for much of his work. He experiments with collage to create a textured based for his detailed pen and ink work. The colours and mark making used within his work creates a very sad and gloomy effect.   The emotion in his work makes you wonder who, if anybody, lives in the buildings he draws. Look closely to see the different materials and techniques used within the artwork. What would happen if you changed the colours used? Would this change the emotion of the piece of work? 

 Sunga Park Sunga Park is a Korean artist, graphic designer and freelance illustrator who is based in Busan, South Korea. Many of her illustrations have been included in magazines. She is currently visiting Latin America painting watercolours and sketching the architecture. She is a self-taught artist who enjoys the ‘unpredictable’ nature of watercolours to show natural aspects of the environment. She states in a recent interview “Watercolours taught me about life, because I created tons of failures over repeated attempts.”  Much of her work is inspired by the architecture of the places she has travelled from India to Europe, every place she visits seeps into her work and allows her to develop her style. She states in a recent interview with Japan Cinema, “I always focus on showing my feelings through the common architectural features. When people look at an oriental painting their ideas can float along with the objects in the piece. I intend to attract the participation of viewers in this way. For me, art is completed by people’s imagination or appreciation.” 

 

Ian Fennelly Ian Fennelly creates colourful, layered urban sketches. He begins with a painted wash to break up the scene where he is studying. This establishes the broad shapes of the composition. This is a very emotional part of the process as you are dealing with colour which affects us all in different ways. Watercolour paint is perfect for this part of the process as they soften easily and create a wonderful layering effect which enables you to build up tones and hues of colour.   Then he works on top of the colour with brush pens which adds depth and tonal value to the image. Then he uses liner makers to add texture and detail. 

 

 

Statistics Knowledge Organiser Paper 1 – 11th June 2020 (pm) – 1 hour 30 mins Paper 2 – 16th June 2020 (am) – 1 hour 30 mins Cycle 1 - Keywords 

Keyword:  Definition:  Keyword:  Definition: 

Hypothesis  Prediction/Statement before the experiment  Sample  Small part of a population 

Qualitative data  Answers in words  Sampling frame  Everything that could be sampled as a list 

Quantitative data  Answers in numbers  Reliable  How trustworthy something is 

Categorical data  Answers being grouped under a label  Validity  The quality of how factually correct something is 

Ordinal data  Categorical data with a natural order  Open questions  Allowing you to answer however you want 

Continuous data  Data that can be measured  Closed questions  Restricting the amount of answers you can give 

Discrete data  It can only take certain values  Mode  Most common 

Grouped data  Data that has been put into categories  Median  The middle number/value when in order 

Ungrouped data  Data that has not been put into categories  Mean  Add them all up and divide by how many you have 

Bivariate data  Two types of data  Range  Difference between the highest and lowest 

Variable  The element/factor/feature likely to change  Interquartile range  Upper quartile - lower quartile 

Independent variable  A variable that doesn’t rely on anything  Bias  Showing favor to something to make it unfair 

Dependent variable  A variable that relies on something else  Random sampling  Everything has the same chance of being picked 

Primary Data  Data you collect  Systematic sampling 

Every nth person is selected 

Secondary data  Data someone else collects  Quota sampling  Pre-specified criteria is needed to be met 

Statistics Knowledge Organiser Population  Everything/one in that experiment  Skew  Measure of how symmetric a set of data is 

Leading question  Suggesting that one response is better than another 

Mutually exclusive  When two or more events can not happen at the same time they are mutually exclusive 

Outlier  

A value that doesn’t fit the pattern of the data  Ethical issues  How something may affect someone's morals or opinions 

Pilot Survey   TOP SET 

Trial run before the experiment is completed  Stratified sampling  

Sample is divided into groups and each group is sampled in proportion to their size 

Standard deviation TOP SET 

Not an average but a measure of the spread of data 

Census   TOP SET 

Information about the population 

Primary data: Advantages: → You know how it has been collected → You know how accurate the data is Disadvantages: → Expensive → Time consuming

Secondary data: Advantages: → Cheap → Quick → Easy to get hold of Disadvantages: → Don’t know how it has been collected → Could be biased → How would you know if there have been mistakes (rounding??)

Random sampling: Advantages: → Simple → Cheap Disadvantages: →Need a sampling frame →Not suitable for big groups

Systematic sampling: Advantages: → Simple → Suitable for large groups Disadvantages: → Can be bias → Sampling frame is needed in order → May have to judge characteristics = ethical issues

Quota sampling: Advantages: → Can be completed quickly Disadvantages: → Judging characteristics = ethical issues → Not random → Can lead to bias results

Key things to remember: → Larger the data set, the better conclusions you can come to → Primary data is more reliable than secondary data → Random sampling = number generator

BTECSPORTYEAR 10Cycle 1

 

YEAR 10 BUSINESS Cycle 1 

EFFECTIVE TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT 

Why Businesses Train and Develop Staff Businesses need to train staff to be able to carry out their roles effectively. Staff who are better trained: 

● Are more likely to produce better quality goods and services, which means less wastage and more efficiency, which reduces costs 

● Can be more productive, which can benefit the business & help them produce more 

● Have higher levels of motivation and are more likely to enjoy their roles, giving better customer service 

● Attract new recruits to the business who are interested in career development 

Formal ways include: ● Gaining Qualifications ● Workshops ● Online Training 

 Types of Training Formal – business arranges for staff to have training that tends to be away from the work place. Informal – business arrange for staff to receive less structured training usually in the workplace. Self Learning – an employee studies without the presence of a teacher. Learn at own pace & usually online. 

What is Training and Development? 

Training – in the action of teaching a person new skills. Development is improving or perfecting existing skills. 

  

KEYWORDS 

 ● Directors ● Senior managers ● Supervisors/team leaders ● Line managers ● Operational staff ● Support staff ● Internal recruitment ● External recruitment ● Give notice ● CV ● Job description ● Person specification ● Person specification ● Job application form ● Staff turnover ● Remuneration ● Piece rate ● Wages ● Bonus ● Commission ● Fringe benefits ● Promotion ● Job enrichment ● Job rotation ● Training ● Development ● Formal training ● Informal training ● Self-learning ● Observation ● Ongoing training ● Appraisals ● Performance reviews ● Short-term sources of finance ● overdraft ● trade credit ● long term sources of finance ● personal savings ● retained profit ● venture capital ● share capital 

MOTIVATION FINANCIAL The importance of motivation in the workplace: Attracting employees, retaining employees, productivity Remuneration – money given to employee in return for work Commission – employee receives a reward for every sale made Promotion – promotion keeps employees motivated as earnings go up Bonus – given out when performance targets have been met Fringe Benefits – known as ‘Perks’ e.g. company car, private health  NON-FINANCIAL Job Rotation – employees are rotated between different jobs to avoid the repetition and boredom 

Job Enrichment – employees are given redesigned jobs that have more challenge and less repetitive and boring Autonomy – allows employees to make their own decisions  

● loan ● crowdfunding ● sale of assets 

 

SOURCES OF BUSINESS FINANCE What are Source of Finance? ● Sources of finance are where a business can 

obtain money from. ● Sources of finances assist with business start 

up. ● Sources of finances assist with operating costs, 

e.g. salaries, supplies, electricity bills. ● Sources of finance help with the expansion 

costs of a business, e.g. investing in new technologies. 

●  

Short-term Finance Short term sources of finance are for small amounts of borrowing, which must be repaid within one year. There are different types of short-term finance.  Long-term Finance Long-term sources of finance tend to be for larger amounts of money that are needed for longer periods of time, e.g. for startup purposes or for business expansion. There are different types of long-term finance.  

KEYWORDS  

Personal savings: are the owner’s own money Retained profit: is profit made and kept from previous trading years Venture capital: experienced business people with large capital offer venture capital to invest Share Capital: is when a business owner sells shares in the business Bank loan: a loan is a sum of money lent by a bank to a business to repay in monthly repayments Crowdfunding: an online appeal made to attract multiple investors who wish to put in small amounts each – this is crowdfunding Sale of assets: when a business sells an item of value, it is a sale of assets Overdraft facility: an overdraft is when a bank allows a business to withdraw more power  Trade Credit: is when a business receives goods from a supplier immediately but agrees to pay for them later   

EFFECTIVE RECRUITMENT         

 Internal  Recruitment ● INTERNAL recruitment means attracting staff already working within the business to apply for the 

new job ● Staff can be attracted to a new position through the business newsletter ● Workers may be invited to apply for promotion positions ● New vacancies may be announced in meetings or pinned to notice boards ●  

External Recruitment ● Internal candidates may not have skills set required for a new position ● For example a new chemistry teacher would need a degree in science, it would be hard to train up a 

maths teacher at short notice ●  

Different Job Roles ● Directors ● Senior managers ● Supervision / Team Leaders ● Operational Staff ● Support Staff 

  

 

 

 

Catering Year 10 Cycle 1

Unit 1 : LO4 Know how food can cause ill health 

KEY TERMS Bacteria: microscopic single  celled living organisms (some can cause food poisoning) Contaminate: making a food unsafe to eat by allowing it to come into contact with microbes that will grow and multiply Food spoilage: when something happens which makes food unfit/unsafe to eat Microorganism: Tiny plants and animals that are only visible under a microscope Pathogenic: something that is capable of causing illness Toxins: another name for poisons.

Cross contamination: When microbes from one place are transferred onto food contaminating it.  Examples include: -not washing your hands between touching raw chicken and other food.  -sneezing into your hand and not washing them before handling food.  -using the same knife to cut raw fish and fresh bread that has only been quickly wiped clean between with a dirty dishcloth.  -storing muddy vegetables next to cooked meat. Washing hands regularly when cooking is essential as is using clean equipment. 

Growth conditions needed for bacteria  A suitable temperature: all microbes have an optimum temperature where they grow fastest. At high temperatures they are destroyed and at low temperatures they become dormant (asleep) Moisture supply: If there is not enough water they cannot grow or multiply as it’s needed for biological processes. Food supply: Need nutrients and energy  Time: the more suitable the conditions the quicker they will grow  The right pH 

How can growth and multiplication of microbes be controlled? Cook food thoroughly Do not leave in a warm room for a long period of time Cool down cooked food within 90 minutes and refrigerate or freeze   Preserve food by drying it or with high concentrations of salt or sugar Keep food covered Keep food away from contaminated areas Store, cook and cool foods quickly and thoroughly Use food by its use by date Preserve food in acid 

High risk foods: Foods high in protein and moisture. Meat, fish, poultry, eggs, shellfish, seafood  

Low risk foods: Dry foods Cereal, crackers, bread, jam, pickles  

Causes of food related ill health  

Microbes: Bacteria- Bacteria can multiply in the right conditions every 15 minutes. Examples of food poisoning bacteria  Salmonella: found in eggs, chicken, raw meat. Symptoms of salmonella food poisoning vomiting, diarrhoea, fever   E.coli: found in raw meat, raw vegetables. Symptoms of E.coli food poisoning vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach cramps  Listeria : found in raw meat, dairy products, soft cheese. Symptoms of Listeria food poisoning include flu like symptoms can cause miscarriage of unborn baby   Moulds- Moulds are tiny fungi that send out tiny spores which land on the surface of food, in the right conditions moulds will grow and multiply causing food spoilage  Yeasts- Yeasts are found in the air and will settle on sweet foods, wild yeasts are used to make sourdough bread. Yeasts will ferment sugars into Co2 gas and alcohol, lots of pale brown spots will appear on the surface of food  

Chemicals, metals and Poisonous plants Some of these are very poisonous and can cause serious symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, vomiting, headache and dizziness within a very short time after consumption. Other chemicals gradually build up in the body and over a period of time can cause serious damage to tissue and organs, sometimes causing cancer, liver or kidney failure.  

How do they get into the food? Chemicals Too much food additive (food colouring, preservatives), Cleaning chemicals left on work surfaces, Poor storage of chemicals in the food area, Too much chemical pesticide or fertiliser on a vegetable crop, Environmental pollution (leaks, spills, poor disposal causing them to contaminate streams, rivers, into the sea, soil), From plastic food packaging.  Metals Metals react with acids in foods resulting in a chemical reaction that allows the metal to enter the food.  Poisons in Plants Some contain natural substances that are poisonous to humans. Red Kidney beans, rhubarb leaves, wild mushrooms, wild berries.  

Unit 2 LO3: Be able to cook dishes. 

Knife skills  

 

Hygiene Red Board: Meat Green board: Vegetables Wash hands before cooking with hot, soapy water. Wash hands after handling eggs  Health and Safety Hold knife in palm flat by side.   Oven gloves for removing trays from the oven Wash   

 Bridge grip Claw grip  

Example Time plan 

Time Process Special Points/ HACCP/ Contingencies

0 Mise en Place Collect a green chopping board, sharp knife and an onion

Wash hands and antibacterial spray the surfaces Green board for vegetables Check ingredients are fresh and dispose of any that aren’t

1.7 Systems Software

Operating SystemsManages hardware and software in a computer system

Memory ManagementControls where the programs go in memory when being run.User InterfaceProvides a method of interaction with the user. MultiTasking Allows more than one program to run at once by sharing CPU time between programs.Peripheral Management & driver softwareManages all Input, Output and Storage devices. Allows the OS and the external hardware such as printers, USB’s etc to talk to each otherSecurityProtects the machine to make sure it is free from harmful viruses or unwanted access.File and Disk ManagementHelps to store files (images, music, documents etc) and their file extensions, helps you organise and search for filesDisk management such as space on hard drives, and utility software such as disk defragmentation software.User managementThe OS can deal with User accounts – single or multi users – eg. More than one person can us a computer at once. It also allows for use access, e.g. logging in to a system and having access to certain files and permissions etc. OS is also responsible for things like biometric anti-theft measures, fingerprint, and retina scanners.

Systems software – Designed to run and maintain a computer system

Examples

System Cleanup (Utility)

(Searches for and) deletes files/programs which are no longer used … eg deletes temporary files / installation files … deletes settings / registry values which are no longer used

Computer Science Year 10 Cycle 1

System Information UtilityDisplays important data about the current state of the computer e.g. temperature, free memory, network speed, % processor used

UTILITY SOFTWAREHelps to maintain or configure a

computer. Most are installed in the OS but you can add others.

Disk Defragmenter

Moves (parts of) of files around so that all parts of a file are stored together (allowing files to be accessed more quickly) Free space is collected together (allowing large files to be saved easily)

1.7 Systems SoftwareAntiVirusScans the computer periodically To check if any software has been installed which contains code that may harm the computer Removes/quarantines these programs/ notifies the user Prevents these programs from being installed Protects the computer by preventing important files (eg the boot sector or operating system) from being changed

Firewalls will block unexpected connections coming in to the network.

Automatic UpdateChecks on the (software manufacturer's site on the) Internet for newer versions of programs which are installed If found it downloads / installs the software

Diagnostics Utilityattempts to detect/resolve items that are not working correctly · e.g. missing drivers, network connection

Back-upsBack up data – copy of a sysytem files and settings stored somewhere externally

Full back up – copy of EVERY file is taken. Faster to restore from Uses A LOT of storage space, can take a long time to create

Incremental Back up – only files created and edited since the last back up are copied. Uses LESS storage and much QUICKER to create. BUT full system restore is SLOW

Data CompressionReduces the size of files so they take up less disk space. Can help upload and download

files quicker or send them across email. Standard formats include .zip and .rar to compress the files

EncryptionScrambles (encrypts) data – this stops people

from accessing it. Encryption happens by scrambling the message, you can only decrypt

this if you have a special ‘key’Encrypted text is called – Cipher text

Decrypted is called Plain textEncryption is essential for sending data over a

network e.g. internet so it is kept secure

KEY VOCABULARY

Operating systems (OS) Collections of programs that tell the computer hardware what to do.

User interface The means of communication between the user and the computer. These are typically either command line or GUI.

Command Line

The most simple form of user interface where users type commands into a prompt

Graphic User Interface (GUI)

Most modern computers have a GUI, which uses icons to represent the programs and files. The user runs the programs through a touch-screen or mouse-controlled pointer

Voice Command

Increasingly users are able to speak commands to devices such as Google Home and Amazon’s Alexa

Drivers A driver is a piece of software which provides communication between the CPU and a peripherals device

User management

Multiple users can have accounts on the same computer, each with their own files, settings and applications, protected with passwords. The OS will ensure that only users who are granted permissions can use files or programs belonging to other users.

PASS IDENITY FACTUAL INFORMATION

MERIT DESCRIBE OFFERING MORE DETAIL

DISTINCTION ANALYSE EXPLANATION WHY

Year 10 Dance

Knowledge Organiser

West Side Story

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bxoC5Oyf_ss&t=349s&disable_polymer=true

Date: 1961

Choreographer: Jerome Robbins

Themes: racism, love and rivalry

Contextual influence: In 1898 Puerto Rico became a possession of the United States as a result of the Spanish-American War. Over 1,800 Puerto Rico citizens were not granted American Citizenship until 1917 causing a cultural divide and severe racism. This issue is explored during West Side Story.

Stylistic features of Jazz

Energetic use of arms and legs. The most common gesture used is in Jazz is, Jazz Hands with the use of flexion where the hands are flexed. Additionally kicks and isolation are widely used within Jazz.

1. Isolation 2. Kicks 3. Gestures 4. Flexion 5. Energetic

Choreographic Approaches

Collaboration: to work with another individual using their skill set to improve your performance.

Refining and adjusting movement material: resolving any timing or staging issues ensuring the performance looks professional.

Responding to a stimulus: generating movement from a starting point e.g an image

Teaching movement material to performers: the choreographer will teach pre-planned movement to their dancers to ensure a consistent approach across the company. Three professional works:

1. Emancipation of Expressionism - 2013

2. The Nutcracker! - 1992

3. West Side Story - 1961

DRAMA - YEAR 10 - KNOWLEDGE ORGANISER C1

Repertoire 1: Frankenstein NATURALISM and STANISLAVSKI

Playwright - Nick Dear Director - Danny Boyle Year Created - 2011 Genre - Gothic Tragedy, with elements of Horror Themes and Issues - Scientific Responsibility Love and Loneliness Acceptance and Prejudice Good versus Evil Lead Actors - Benedict Cumberbatch Jonny Lee Miller Stage - The Revolving Olivier Stage at the National Theatre, London Audience Position -End on, semi-circle. Slight Thrust. Performance Style - Naturalistic Acting Practitioner - Constantin Stanislavski Costume - Naturalistic of the era Lighting - Atmospheric. Light bulbs above the stage - symbolise electricity within experiments. Set Design - Minimalistic. Suggests location. Uses technology for changes.

Theatre Practitioner - Constantin Stanislavski

(1863-1938) ● Known as the Father of Naturalism ● Encourages reality to be presented on stage ● Real Set, Costume and Actor IS their role ● Audience are ‘fly on the wall’ observers ● Developed an actor training system, to help actors

in rehearsal fully immerse themselves with their character - to become as one

● Emotion Memory Technique - when an actor spends time in a personal memory where they felt the same emotion as the character in order to bring truth on stage.

● Created the imaginary fourth wall ● Magic if ● Given Circumstances ● Actioning ● Circle of attention ● Emotional connection for the audience

Pass Identify Factual Information

Merit Describe Offering specific details linked to the play and research

Distinction Analyse Explanation why

Line Learning Technique: Memorising the lines

● Repetition ● Reading the line then closing your eyes

to visualise the lines ● Speaking them aloud in various tones

and volumes ● Attach an action to a moment in the

line, such as a nod, look away, walking away

● Writing the lines out several times ● Make a poster for your room ● Rehearse over again until perfect

Year 10 French Knowledge Organiser Cycle 1 - Vocabulary

Theme 1 - Unit 1: Personal relationships l’adolescent(e) adolescent l’adulte adult avoir de l’humour to have a sense of humour avoir des enfants to have children la beauté physique physical beauty le centre d’intérêt interest les cheveux hair la compagnie company fantastique fantastic la fille girl le garçon boy grand(e) big, tall les lunettes glasses se marier avec to marry le / la même same le / la partenaire idéal(e) ideal partner petit(e) small, short porter to wear, to carry les qualités personnelles personal qualities se rencontrer to meet les yeux eyes

I can answer these questions: ● Quelle est ta personnalité? ● Il y a combien de personnes dans ta famille? ● Tu t’entends bien avec ta famille? ● Décris ton/ta meilleur(e) ami(e). ● Qu’est-ce que tu as fais avec ta famille le week-end dernier? ● Qu’est-ce que tu vas faire avec tes amis le week-end

prochain?

à mon avis in my opinion adopter to adopt la carrière career célibataire single, unmarried le divorce divorce l’église church ensemble together la famille nombreuse large family la femme wife les fiançailles engagement le / la fiancé(e) fiancé garder to keep heureux(-se) happy l’homme man jeune young la liberté freedom libre free le mari husband le monde the world religieux(-se) religious le rêve dream la robe blanche white dress séparé(e) separated traditionnel(le) traditional la vie life vivre to live voir to see

Year 10 French Knowledge Organiser Cycle 1 - Grammar

What is an Ecosystem?

An ecosystem is a system in which organisms interact with each other and

with their environment.

Ecosystem’s Components

Abiotic These are non-living, such as air, water, heat and rock.

Biotic These are living, such as plants, insects, and animals.

Flora Plant life occurring in a particular region or time.

Fauna Animal life of any particular region or time.

Biomes

A biome is a large geographical area of distinctive plant and animal groups, which are adapted to that particular environment. The climate and geography of a region determines what type of biome can exist in that region.

The most productive biomes – which have the greatest biomass- grow in climates that are hot and wet.

Biome’s climate and plants

Biome Location Temperature

Rainfall Flora Fauna

Tropical rainforest

Centred along the Equator.

Hot all year (25-30°C)

Very high (over 200mm/year)

Tall trees forming a canopy; wide variety of species.

Greatest range of different animal species. Most live in canopy layer

Tropical grasslands

Between latitudes 5°- 30° north & south of Equator.

Warm all year (20-30°C)

Wet + dry season (500-1500mm/year)

Grasslands with widely spaced trees.

Large hoofed herbivores and carnivores dominate.

Hot desertFound along the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn.

Hot by day (over 30°C) Cold by night

Very low (below 300mm/year)

Lack of plants and few species; adapted to drought.

Many animals are small and nocturnal: except for the camel.

Temperate forest

Between latitudes 40°-60° north of Equator.

Warm summers + mild winters (5-20°C)

Variable rainfall (500-1500m /year)

Mainly deciduous trees; a variety of species.

Animals adapt to colder and warmer climates. Some migrate.

Nutrient cycle

Plants take in nutrients to build into new organic matter. Nutrients are taken up when animals eat plants and then returned to the soil when animals die and the body is broken down by decomposers.

Litter This is the surface layer of vegetation, which over time breaks down to become humus.

Biomass The total mass of living organisms per unit area.

Food Web and Chains

Simple food chains are useful in explaining the basic principles behind ecosystems. They show only one species at a particular trophic level. Food webs however consists of a network of many food chains interconnected together.

Ecosystems and Tropical Rainforests

GEOGRAPHY YEAR 10 CYCLE 1

Tropical Rainforests: Case Study Malaysia

Malaysia is a LIC country is south-east Asia. 67% of Malaysia is a tropical rainforest with 18% of it not being interfered with.However , Malaysia has the fastest rate of deforestation compared to anywhere in the world

Adaptations to the rainforest

Orangutans Large arms to swing & support in the tree canopy.

Drip Tips Allows heavy rain to run off leaves easily.

Lianas & Vines

Climbs trees to reach sunlight at canopy.

Rainforest inhabitants

Many tribes have developed sustainable ways of survival. The rainforest provides inhabitants with…• Food through hunting and gathering.• Natural medicines from forest plants.• Homes and boats from forest wood.

Issues related to biodiversity

Why are there high rates of biodiversity?

• Warm and wet climate encourages a wide range of vegetation to grow.

• There is rapid recycling of nutrients to speed plant growth.

• Most of the rainforest is untouched.

Main issues with biodiversity decline

• Keystone species (a species that are important of other species) are extremely important in the rainforest ecosystem. Humans are threatening these vital components.

• Decline in species could cause tribes being unable to survive.

• Plants & animals may become extinct. • Key medical plants may become extinct.

Sustainability for the Rainforest

Uncontrolled and unchecked exploitation can cause irreversible damage such as loss of biodiversity, soil erosion and climate change.

Possible strategies include:• Agro-forestry - Growing trees and crops

at the same time. It prevents soil erosion and the crops benefit from the nutrients.

• Selective logging - Trees are only felled when they reach a particular height.

• Education - Ensuring those people understand the consequences of deforestation

• Afforestation - If trees are cut down, they are replaced.

• Forest reserves - Areas protected from exploitation.

• Ecotourism - tourism that promotes the environments & conservation

Distribution of Tropical Rainforests

Tropical rainforests are centred along the Equator between the Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn. Rainforests can be found in South America, central Africa and South-East Asia. The Amazon is the world’s largest rainforest and takes up the majority of northern South America, encompassing countries such as Brazil and Peru.

Climate of Tropical Rainforests

• Evening temperatures rarely fall below 22°C.• Due to the presence of clouds, temperatures rarely rise

above 32°C.• Most afternoons have heavy showers.• At night with no clouds insulating, temperature drops.

Rainforest nutrient cycle

The hot, damp conditions on the forest floor allow for the rapid decomposition of dead plant material. This provides plentiful nutrients that are easily absorbed by plant roots. However, as these nutrients are in high demand from the many fast-growing plants, they do not remain in the soil for long and stay close to the surface. If vegetation is removed, the soils quickly become infertile.

Layers of the Rainforest

Emergent Highest layer with trees reaching 50 metres.

Canopy Most life is found here as It receives 70% of the sunlight and 80% of the life.

U-Canopy Consists of trees that reach 20 metres high.

Shrub Layer

Lowest layer with small trees that have adapted to living in the shade.

Tropical Rainforest Biome

Tropical rainforest cover about 2%of the Earth’s surface yet they are home to over half of the world’s plant and animals.

Interdependence in the rainforest

A rainforest works through interdependence. This is where the plants and animals depend on each other for survival. If one

component changes, there can be serious knock-on effects for the entire ecosystem.

Climate Change

-When rainforests are cut down, the climate becomes drier. -Trees are carbon ‘sinks’. With greater deforestation comes more greenhouse emissions in the atmosphere. -When trees are burnt, they release more carbon in the atmosphere. This will enhance the greenhouse effect.

What are the causes of deforestation?

Logging Agriculture

• Most widely reported cause of destructions to biodiversity.

• Timber is harvested to create commercial items such as furniture and paper.

• Violent confrontation between indigenous tribes and logging companies.

• Large scale ‘slash and burn’ of land for ranches and palm oil.

• Increases carbon emission.• River saltation and soil

erosion increasing due to the large areas of exposed land.

• Increase in palm oil is making the soil infertile.

Mineral Extraction Tourism

• Precious metals are found in the rainforest.

• Areas mined can experience soil and water contamination.

• Indigenous people are becoming displaced from their land due to roads being built to transport products.

• Mass tourism is resulting in the building of hotels in extremely vulnerable areas.

• Lead to negative relationship between the government and indigenous tribes

• Tourism has exposed animals to human diseases.

Energy Development Road Building

Hydro-electric power (HEP).• The Bakun Dam was built in

2011 in Malaysia is key for creating energy in this developing country, however, both people and environment have suffered as it flooded 700km2 of rainforest.

• Roads are needed to bring supplies and provide access to new mining areas, settlements and energy projects.

• In Malaysia, logging companies use an extensive network of roads for heavy machinery and to transport wood.

Impacts of deforestation

Economic development

+ Mining, farming and logging creates employment and tax income for government. + Products such as palm oil provide valuable income for countries. - The loss of biodiversity will reduce tourism.

Soil erosion

- Once the land is exposed by deforestation, the soil is more vulnerable to rain. - With no roots to bind soil together, soil can easily wash away.

Coniferous forest

Deciduous forest

Tropical rainforests

Tundra

Temperate grasslands

Tropical grasslands

Hot deserts.

A1 Health and social care services Different health care services and how they meet service user needs: ● primary care, e.g. GPs, dental care,

optometry, community health care ● secondary and tertiary care, e.g.

specialist medical care ● allied health professionals, e.g.

physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech and language therapy, dieticians.

Different social care services and how they meet service user needs: ● services for children and young people,

e.g. foster care, residential care, youth work

● services for adults or children with specific needs (learning disabilities, sensory impairments, long-term health issues), e.g. residential care, respite care, domiciliary care

● services for older adults, e.g. residential care, domiciliary care

● o the role of informal social care provided by relatives, friends and neighbours.

A2 Barriers to accessing services

● Types of barrier and how they can be overcome by the service providers or users:

● physical barriers, e.g. issues getting into and around the facilities sensory barriers, e.g. hearing and visual difficulties

● social, cultural and psychological barriers, e.g. lack of awareness, differing cultural beliefs, social stigma, fear of loss of independence

● language barriers, e.g. differing first language, language impairments ● geographical barriers, e.g. distance of service provider, poor transport

links● intellectual barriers, e.g. learning difficulties ● resource barriers for service provider, e.g. staff shortages, lack of local

funding, high local demand● financial barriers, e.g. charging for services, cost of transport, loss of

income while accessing services.

Component 2 Learning Aim A

Health and Social Care Year 10 Knowledge Organiser Cycle 1

BTEC TECH AWARD: Health & Social Care 

Component 2: Health & Social Care Services and Values 

LEARNING AIM A: Understand the different types of health and social care services and barriers to accessing them. 

Secondary care  Specialist treatment or care such as psychiatry usually given in a hospital or clinic referred from a primary care service provider. 

Tertiary care  Advanced specialist treatment or care given in hospital such as cancer treatment referred from a secondary care service provider. 

Physiotherapy  Involves massages, exercises and other treatments to help people gain physical health. 

Neurological   Problems relate to the brain, spinal cord and nerves: for example a brain injury, stroke or multiple sclerosis. 

Identity   How you describe or define yourself. 

Sensory impairment  A weakness or difficulty that prevents a person from doing something. 

Respite care  Provides temporary care for an individual, which will give the usual carer a short break. 

Domiciliary care  Care and support given at home by a care worker to help a person with their daily life. 

Stigma  When you feel that others disapprove of your circumstances and you have strong feelings of shame or embarrassment about something. 

Confidentiality   Not passing on information or discussing a private conversation to anyone else. 

Burnout   When a person becomes exhausted and stressed, usually due to excess pressure and frustration at work. 

 

LEARNING AIM B: Demonstrate care values and review own practice. 

Self-respect  Valuing yourself. 

Person-centred approach  Respecting and empowering individuals. 

Dignity   Being respected and treated with care. 

Empathy   Being able to understand and share the feelings and views of another person. 

 

History CRIME AND PUNISHMENT 1800 TO PRESENT DAY

TIMELINE 1789 – French revolution 1808- abolished death penalty for pick pocketing 1878 – CID set up 1820s – Bloody Code ended 1884 – 39,000 police in Britain 1835 –towns set up own police forces 1952 – Derek Bentley hung in GB 1839 - Counties set up own police forces 1965 – Death penalty abolished 1842 – Metropolitan Police set up 1967 – suspended sentences introduced 1838 –Last public hanging in England 1972 – community service acts

INFLUENCES Population rise :- reached 41.5m in 1900 concentrated in the towns Work :- most people were working in factories so easy to communicate Voting rights:- most men could vote so government had to make changes Education:- by 1870 70% of people cold read and write New ideas:- Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. Invention of railways made travel easier. French Revolution- landowners and government concerned that this could happen in GB Technology – starting with printing press / then new techniques like DNA/ Forensics Attitudes:- WW2 – changed people’s attitudes / Race Crimes

NEW CRIMES 1800-PRESENT Car crime – after 1900 cars and then laws related to them like licenses Cybercrime – internet Terrorism – IRA in 1970s Hate crime – 2007 New Law Conscientious Objectors – conscription introduced – all men 18-41 had to join up . people who objected on moral or religious grounds were imprisoned and given hard labour. WW2 sometimes allowed to do alternative work

PUNISHMENTS Transportation – didn’t work – crime rate increased. Cost ½ m pounds a year. Wages in Australia were high. Prisons – mixed / unpaid wardens/ conditions were dirty and overcrowded/ no chance of reform John Howard campaigned to change prisons. Elizabeth Fry – Quaker- set up schools for children- influence Goals Act Pentonville – thick walls to stop communication. All had toilets and water basins so didn’t need to leave. Face masks during exercise TIMELINE PRISONS 1823 – Goals Act – separated men and women in prisons. Wardens were paid. Prisoners fed, given religious instruction, inspected 1830s – Separate system – prisoners kept in own cells , given religious instruction, had to work 1860s Silent system – prisoners were silent. Food was hard food 12hrs a day hard labour. Slept on wooden boards

LAW ENFORCEMENT Henry and Jake Fielding introduced horse patrol to stop highway men. Operated in the Bow Street area of London  Established a newspaper Hue and Cry to share information on crime.  Called the Bow Street Runners  They were a team of thief takers who also investigated crimes. Very successful but only in a small area Highway robbery stopped Convinced many people that a police force might be a good idea  

1829 – Metropolitan Police Act introduced 3200 professional and full time police in London (Robert Peel)  Police had previously been seen as too expensive and would limit people’s freedoms but:- 

- Local authorities could now raise taxes to pay - Crime rate had increased - High food prices and unemployment led to protests and 

crime. Peel used crime statistics to convince Politian’s the police were needed 

- Since 1947 specialists units - Impact of Science – finger prints/ computers/ number plate 

recognition - Neighbourhood watch - PCSOs 

BTEC Tech Award in

DIGITAL INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY

State the purpose of a user interface?

Define the different types of user interfaces?

Jus�fy the differences between different user interfaces

Explain the benefits and drawbacks of a graphical user interface

Analyse how a user interface can be adapted to suit the needs of a blind

Audience needs:

Accessibility needs: Visual, hearing, speech, motor, cogni�ve

Skill level– expert, regular, occasional, novice

Demographics: Age, beliefs/values, culture, past experiences

Design principles:

Colours:

- use of limited range of colours

- use of organisa�onal house style

- Ensuring that colours do not clash

- use of textures, eg glossy, corporate textures

in colours, warm, fabric style

Font styles:

- Ensuring text style is readable

- Use of sans serif fonts for screen reading

- avoiding decora�ve fonts

Language:

- using appropriate language for user needs

- using language that is appropriate for user

skill level.

User percep�on of:

- Colour (green for go red for stop)

- sound eg posi�ve high pitched sounds

- Symbols eg ( green �cks and red crosses)

Visuals , eg photographs, symbols and graphics

Intui�ve design:

- use of graphics to denote what bu�ons do

helpful pop-up messages

easy to use help features

Design principles:

Amount of informa�on:

- providing appropriate amount of informa�on for

the task

- making appropriate use of white space.

Layout:

- consistency throughout the whole interface

- keeping the layout as close as possible to user

expecta�ons

- placing important items in prominent posi�ons

- grouping related tasks together

- use of naviga�onal components eg search fields,

breadcrumbs

- use of input controls (drop down lists, �ck boxes)

Retaining informa�on:

- grabbing a�en�on (pop up messages)

- ensuring screen is unclu�ered

- clearly labelled items

- use of autofill

- use of predetermined or default values

- use of �p text to help provide help

A graphical user interface (GUI) is the most common type of user inter-

face in use today. It is a very 'friendly' way for people to interact with the

computer because it makes use of pictures, graphics and icons - hence

why it is called 'graphical'.

A Command Line Interface allows the user to interact directly with the

computer system by typing in commands (instruc�ons) into a screen

which looks similar to the one here:

Menu driven interface This type of interface lets you interact with a com-

puter or device by working your way through a series of screens or men-

us.

Speech and sound interface is a type of interface allows the user to speak

Methodology A system of methods used in a particular area of study or activity. It is an approach to managing a project life cycle. Provides a consistent approach for all kinds of projects.

Milestones A milestone is a task with zero duration. It appears on the Gantt chart as milestone symbol. Milestones are generally used to indicate important dates

Planning The process of making plans for something

Gantt Chart a chart in which a series of horizontal lines shows the amount of work done or production completed in certain periods of time in relation to the amount planned for those periods.

PERT chart A PERT chart is a project management tool used to schedule, organ-ize, and coordinate tasks within a project.

planning tools:

- Task lists

- wri�en or graphical descrip�on

- Gan� charts

- Cri�cal path diagram

- PERT charts

- Mood boards

- Mind maps

PERT Chart

Cri�cal path diagram

Waterfall methodology :

There is a sequence of dis�nct stages

- Analysis

- Design

- Tes�ng

-Evalua�on

One stage must be completed before the next

stage commences

- Deliverable are produced at the end of each

stage - system specifica�on at the end of the anal-

ysis stage

- If an error is found

during one stage

- a previous stage

may have to be re-

worked

Agile

The Agile Method is a par�cular approach to pro-

ject management that is u�lized in so�ware de-

velopment. This method assists teams in respond-

ing to the unpredictability of construc�ng so�-

ware. It uses incremental, itera�ve work sequenc-

es that are commonly known as sprints.

Scrum:

In the agile Scrum world, instead of providing

complete, detailed descrip�ons of how everything

is to be done on a project, much of it is le� up to

the Scrum so�ware development team. This is

because the team will know best how to solve the

problem they are presented.

Requirements A thing that is needed or wanted

Constraints A limitation or restriction

Timescales The time allowed for or taken by a process or sequence of events

Risks A situation involving damage, harm or loss.

Audience and purpose.

Project requirements: User requirements, Output requirements, e.g. visual, audio, hap-

�c Input requirements, e.g. mouse, keyboard, voice, touch, user accessibility require-

ments.

Timescales: Overall �mescale, when tasks will be completed, including sub-tasks, key

milestones, including itera�ve review points with the user, when resources will be need-

ed.

Constraints: Time, resources, task dependencies, security.

Risks: poten�al risks to project, con�ngency planning

How to create a project plan

h�ps://www.teamgan�.com/guide-to-project-

management/how-to-plan-a-project

h�ps://www.sinnaps.com/en/project-

management-blog/project-plan-examples

h�ps://www.teamgan�.com/blog/gan�-chart-

example

h�p://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/

dida/managing_projects/planningrev1.shtml

Year 10 Media Cycle 1 Knowledge Organiser: Component 1 Section A (Exam)  

Media Theories  Key words  Media Forms and Texts 

Genre Theory - Steve Neale Repetition and variation within genre texts makes the text appeal to the audience. Genres change and develop over time. Genres can be combined to form hybrids; genres can also be divided into sub-genres  Narrative Theories Propp - narratives contain key stages and key character roles eg hero, dispatcher, villain etc  Narratives can be linear (a simple beginning, middle and end) and non-linear (flashbacks, events out of order)  Todorov’s theory - narratives start with equilibrium, followed by disruption and then resolution or a new equilibrium  Levi-Strauss’s theory - narratives are organised around binary oppositions  Barthes’ theory - narratives use enigma codes (puzzles) to engage and involve the audience. 

Denotation - what we see Connotation - what is suggested Enigma - puzzle or question Linear - events are presented in a forward direction Non-linear - events are presented in a non- sequential order Byline - the name of the writer of an article Cover line - a summary of an article in a magazine that appears on the front cover Masthead - the name of the magazine or newspaper on the front page presented in a stylised way Strapline - a short phrase usually placed close to the masthead that communicates the brand values of the magazine Forms - the different types of media, for example newspapers and television Codes and conventions - the expected elements that will be included in the products from particular media forms and genres Media Language - how the media communicate meanings through their forms and codes and conventions 

Newspaper front pages Set texts: The Guardian A British broadsheet newspaper with a daily circulation of 189,000 for the print edition. The Guardian newspaper targets a well educated, relatively young, predominantly male and liberal audience. The demographic is 89% ABC1. Fifty-two percent of Guardian readers are male, and the average reader age is 44. The Guardian has a UK online edition which has over 42.6 million readers (as of October 2014).  The Sun A British tabloid daily newspaper owned by Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation Daily circulation of 1.4 million copies per day of the print edition (the largest in the UK); daily readership of 4.1 million Started as a broadsheet in 1964 before becoming a tabloid newspaper in 1969 The newspaper currently has political allegiance to the Conservative Party.   

 

Media Theories  Key words  Media Forms and Texts 

News values - the set of factors that help to determine whether or not an event is considered newsworthy (identified by Galtung and Ruge)           

Hard news - serious news stories that have national or international importance eg politics and the economy Soft news - human interest and celebrity stories Demographic - the profile of an audience based on factors such as their age, gender and socioeconomic groups Tabloid newspaper - a popular newspaper (sometimes called a ‘red top’) that focuses on soft news including celebrity gossip Broadsheet newspaper - The more formal newspapers, sometimes referred to as the ‘quality’ press, which include more hard news Billing block - the list of credits on a film poster Ideology - the values and opinions underpinning and presented within a media text   

Magazine front pages Set texts: Pride Pride is a UK monthly women’s lifestyle magazine that targets women of colour. Published since 1990; circulation 30 000; readership of over 146 000.  GQ Launched 1931, GQ began its life as a quarterly publication called Gentleman’s Quarterly, aimed specifically at fashion industry insiders. Its popularity with customers caused its rebranding in 1967 to GQ. Produced by Condé Nast, today GQ is a multi-platform brand. Circulation: 115,000; Readership 400,000   Film Posters (Marketing) Set texts: The Man with the Golden Gun (1974) Budget: $7 million Grossed: $97 million Spectre (2015) Budget: $245 million Grossed: $880 million  Print advertisements: Set texts:  Quality Street (1956) Confectionary advertisement This Girl Can (2015) Sport England campaign 

MUSIC - YEAR 10 - KNOWLEDGE ORGANISER C1

Different Musical Genres Describing Musical Features Tier 2 Vocabulary

Blues Contemporary music genre which emerged in the 1890s. Famous musicians include BB King and Muddy Waters.

Jazz

Contemporary music genre which emerged in the 1910s. Famous musicians include Miles Davis and Duke Ellington.

Country

Contemporary music genre which emerged in the 1920s. Famous musicians include Willie Nelson and Dolly Parton.

Rock

Contemporary music genre which emerged in the 1950s. Famous musicians include The Beatles and AC/DC.

R'n'B

Contemporary music genre which emerged in the 1980s. Famous musicians include Beyoncé and Usher.

Funk

Contemporary music genre which emerged in the mid-1960s. Famous musicians include James Brown and Parliament.

Punk

Contemporary music genre which emerged in the 1970s. Famous musicians include The Clash and Green Day.

Rap

Contemporary music genre which emerged in the 1980s. Famous musicians include Jay-Z and Eminem.

Pop

Contemporary music genre which emerged in the 1950s. Famous musicians include Lady Gaga and Michael Jackson.

Electronica

Contemporary music genre which emerged in the 1980s. Famous musicians include Daft Punk and Tiesto.

Tonality Whether a piece of music sounds Major (happy),

Minor (sad) or Atonal (no key or melody in the song).

Tempo The speed of the music. It is important you describe the effect this has on a piece of music or a style of

music in this coursework..

Instrumentation The instruments in a song. It is important you

describe the impact these have in your coursework.

Lyrical Content The lyrics you can hear in the song and the

message or story behind the song.

Production Techniques The way a song is recorded and mixed. The way it

is recorded and mixed affects how the song sounds, and might link it to a genre.

Panning

Most songs are in stereo. Panning is when you hear something more in the left speaker or right

speaker.

Mix Levels How the song is mixed, meaning the different volume levels of each instrument or vocal line

within the song.

Effects How processes and technology is used to alter how

an instrument sounds.

Contributing Traits Another way of saying the 'main features'. In

the case of this unit, what are the main features of two contrasting genres of music.

Contrasting

Another way of saying 'very different'. In the case of this unit, describe the contributing traits

of two very different genres of music.

Contemporary Another way of saying 'modern'. For example,

Hip-Hop is a contemporary genre of music, and Classical Music is not.

Inception

How something was formed. In the case of this unit, it refers to how a style of music came to

exist.

Stage Presence How you present yourself on stage so that the

audience watches attentively and pays attention to you.

AO1 - Develop ideas through sustained and focused investigations informed by contextual and other sources, demonstrating analytical and critical understanding. 

Research, inspiration, mind map, your ideas. 

Artists/Photographers - Cycle 1  Peter Fraser. All of Fraser’s photographs are found still lifes, he does not construct his pictures but rather focuses in on the enigmatic objects he finds, revealing the edges, minutiae and incidental beauty and strangeness in the visible world.  Edward Weston. Edward Weston is considered to be one of the most influential American photographers of the 20th century. One of his most famous works, titled Pepper No. 30, is a B&W photo of a single green pepper with beautiful, soft lighting. When Weston turned his camera on a humble green pepper, he made it look like a modernist sculpture.  

 

 

AO2- Explore and select appropriate resources, media, materials, techniques and processes, reviewing and refining ideas as work develops. 

Experimenting, photoshop edits, manual edits, Photographing, using different camera settings 

Technical Keyboard Shortcuts  Ctrl+N = New page Ctrl+shift+alt+V = Paste into selection Ctrl+C = Copy Ctrl+X = Cut Ctrl+V = Paste Ctrl+T = Transform (Hold the shift key if resizing photo to keep in proportion)  Ctrl+Alt+Z = Step backwards (Undo)  

Glossary of terms  DIGITAL EDITING - Changing a photograph on a computer or phone using editing apps such as Photoshop.  

MANUAL EDITING - Changing a photograph using your hands, for example writing, drawing or painting over an image.  TECHNIQUES - The method used to either take the photo or to edit the photo.  PROCESSES - The method used to edit a photograph that usually follows a range of steps rather than just one change. MATERIALS - What the photographer has used to make the art work eg. canvas, paper, acetate, tracing paper, paint, pen . . . SCANNING- A way of making a copy of your manual edits and view them on your computer. COMPOSITION:the arrangement or structure of the formal elements that make up an image. FRAMING: what the photographer has placed within the boundaries of the photograph. CONTOUR:the outline of an object or shape. ORGANIC SHAPE:shapes based on natural objects such as trees, mountains, leaves, etc. GEOMETRIC SHAPE: simple rectilinear or curvilinear shapes found in geometry, such as circles, squares, triangles, etc.  

AO3 - Record ideas, observations and insights relevant to intentions, reflecting critically on work and progress. 

Writing, annotating, taking photos,  

Key Terms Illustrator is a person who draws or creates pictures for magazines, books, advertising, etc.  Macro Macro photography is a kind of photography. Macro photography is about photographing objects that are very close to the lens, the film or the sensor. Using the classic definition, in macro photography the image shown on the film plane (or sensor) is nearly as big as the object photographed.  Focus An image that is completely sharp is said to be in-focus. An image that's completely blurry is said to be unfocused. The same metaphor applies to your mind. ... In order for a camera to create a focused image, it takes light and runs it through a lens, concentrating the rays on the image sensor inside.  Aperture In photography and digital photography, aperture is the unit of measurement that defines the size of the opening in the lens that can be adjusted to control the amount of light reaching the film or digital sensor. The size of the aperture is measured in F-stop. See also shutter speed. 

 

AO4 - Present a personal and meaningful response that realises intentions and, where appropriate, makes connections between visual and other elements. 

Final Piece, Outcomes, Finished edits.  

   

YEAR 10 SOCIOLOGY - FAMILIES Cycle 1 

KEY WORDS Conjugal Roles: domestic roles of married or cohabiting couples Expressive Roles: female role:- housewife mother Instrumental Roles: male role:- breadwinner/discipline Symmetrical Roles: men and women carry out different tasks they each contribute a similar amount to the family Dual Burden: paid work and domestic work Triple shift: paid work, domestic work and emotional support for the family Domestic Violence: violence in the home which can be physical, psychological or sexual (adults, adults on children, between siblings) Conventional Family: traditional/expected family in which woman stays at home and man is the breadwinner Childhood: a discrete period of time from birth to 18yrs Contemporary: - 2019 – UK today Boomerang Children: young adults who leave home and come back to live Geographical Mobility: moving from one area to live in another for work Life expectancy: how long the average person is expected to live Sandwich Generation: generation between elderly relatives and dependent children Trend: pattern over time Empty Shell marriage: married in name only, no feelings Fertility Rate: number of live births per 1000 women of child bearing age Monogamy: being married to one person at a time Polygamy: married to more than one person at the same time Bigamy: offence of being married to more than one person

CONJUGAL ROLES IN THE FAMILY BOLT - 2 Types of roles, separate or joint. In joint both men and women have roles to do but share leisure time. Early 20th Century division of labour in families was quite separate = Parsons: Instrumental (male) and Expressive (female) roles. YOUNG & WILLMOTT – new type of family = SYMMETRICAL.   Caused by: - Rise in feminism  - smaller families (contraception)  - women working more  - families spending more time at home. OAKLEY Feminists – rejects idea of symmetrical family. She said men cherry pick jobs they do – taking kids out. - Responsibility for family life still lies with women - More women working has led to Dual Burden / Triple Shift for women. GATRELL – fathers play a greater role in their children’s lives but it’s not equal. POWER RELATIONSHIPS In families this is about who makes the decisions. WILLMOTT & YOUNG –as more women work the decision making has become more equal. However men still have the final say in the important decisions. PAHL women and children can sometimes be kept in poverty even though the family income is good because men withhold the money. - Domestic violence is a form of power - Difficult to know the extent as it is kept private and often not reported (on average a woman suffers domestic violence 35 times before reporting to the police. - Male victims are even less likely to report abuse. 1:4 women are abused during their lifetime. 1:9 is severely physically abused each year. 2 women are killed each week in the UK. Often caused when males feel threatened by females independence.  

CHANGING RELATIONSHIPS – CHILDREN & PARENTS Previously: 1800’s children worked from 6 years old, were treated like mini adults. They were uneducated & viewed as an economic asset (needed their wages to help pay for family bills). In 1918 Education Act said children had to go to school till 14. Then childhood as a discrete period of time began. CONTEMPORARY PARENT / CHILD RELATIONSHIPS - less authoritarian (less emphasis on discipline, obedience and more individual freedom) -children’s views are listened to  - they have rights – middle class families more likely to be democratic than working class - more child centred – emotionally close - Reasons – family size smaller  - children more likely to survive  - no longer needed for economic reasons. 

IS THE NUCLEAR FAMILY STILL THE CONVENTIONAL FAMILY IN THE UK? - Statistically conventional nuclear family is no longer the most common type. -Conventional family of mum who stayed home to look after children is rarely possible, women have to work to help pay the bills. - Conventional nuclear family – women who stay home maybe lonely & bored, men suffer stress trying to provide for the family. -Women are dependent on men financially which can cause conflict & hidden poverty. - There is an increase in dual-earner families & lone parent families but generally there is still the belief - Socialisation that two parent family with traditional roles is best.  

    WIDER FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS In 1950S families generally lived close – 43% of adult daughters saw their mums every day but this has changed. Geographical mobility means they see family less often. However families do still depend on each other. CHARLES – mums & daughters have central kinship relationship - Parents still provide financial support - Grandparents look after grandchildren - Help with home improvement - Adult children caring for elderly parents 2002 2/3 of adult children lived close enough to see their parents once a week. But siblings see each other much less often Life Expectancy increased 2014, 83 female 79 male -Improved medicine (NHS) -Improved sanitation -Improved nutrition -Decline in dangerous jobs -Ageing population Resulted in a sandwich generation. Adults looking after both their children & their parents. Boomerang children – children who leave home for university/marriage & then come back. 

CHANGING PATTERN OF DIVORCE Divorce: legal ending of a marriage. Risen steadily since 1945. Why has divorce increased; ● Changes in the law made divorce easier. ● Divorce Reform Act (1969) – irretrievable 

breakdown as a reason for divorce.   ● 1984 Divorce allowed after 1 year of marriage. ● Changing social attitudes – divorce more acceptable. ● Secularisation- people are less religious. ● Changing position of women – women no longer 

financially dependent can look after themselves. ● Pure relationship- media leads us to believe in ‘happy 

ever after’ when life doesn’t live up to this = divorce. 

Consequences of Divorce ● More lone parent families ● More reconstituted families ● Financial problems ● Emotional problems – children & men suffer more 

from divorce ● Children lose contact with absent parent ● More remarriage 

CHANGES IN FERTILITY -Women born in the UK are having fewer children, 1935 = 2.42, 1970 = 1.9 -Age women are having children is increasing, in 1970 = 26, in 2014 = 31 Why are things changing? -Economic reasons – women needed more children to go to work in the 19th Century now they are working having careers before children. -Children are expensive (£67,000+ by 18) -Later marriage -Women more independent -Effective birth control -Women choosing to be childless by choice 

MARRIAGE GLOBALLY In UK monogamy only formed if marriage allowed. In other areas of the world there are other options. Polygamy – husbands having more than one wife (Mormons in Utah USA) Polyandry women has more than one husband (Tibet) Arranged Marriages – marriages decided by your parents/relatives. Sometimes suitable partners are selected & you can choose. Forced Arranged Marriage – made to marry even against your will. This is illegal in the UK. 

 ONE PARENT TRENDS - Proportion of children living in one parent families has increased since 1970 = 24% - Most live with their mothers JEWSON Afro-Caribbean have been even higher percentage but Asians lower but its rising  WHY ARE THERE SO MANY LONE FAMILIES - Increase in divorce - Changing social attitudes - Decline in moral standards - Women choosing to have children alone

 

CHANGING PATTERN OF MARRIAGE - Number of marriage declining - People are marrying later (30s) - 2005 – Civil Partnerships allowed - 2014 Same sea couples can marry Increased cohabitation (living together not married) 

- Trial marriage - Alternative to marriage - Cheaper than marriage - Change in social attitudes 

Births Outside Marriage (increased 43% in 2066) - No stigma - Increased cohabitation 

BTEC TECH AWARD: Child Development

Component 2: Learning Through Play 

LEARNING AIM A: Understand how children play 

Social Skills  Are used when interacting with each other. 

Unoccupied play  A child does not interact with others and makes movements with their body. 

Solitary play  Playing alone. 

Spectator/onlooker play 

Watching others play but not playing with them. 

Parallel play  Playing at the side of others but not playing with them. 

Associative play  Sharing resources but playing alone. 

Cooperative play  When children are playing with each other. 

Adult-led  Adults make and lead an activity for children to complete. 

Repetition  Repeating something. 

Enhance  Increase or improve something. 

Adult-initiated  Adults provide resources for an activity but let children play with them in a way they choose.  

Independent learning skills 

Being able to think, problem solve and act without an adult helping. 

Child-initiated play  Children organise their own play activities without the support of adults. 

Circle time  A time when children sit together with an adult to take part in an activity or a discussion. 

Motivating  A reason to do something. 

 

BTEC TECH AWARD: Child Development

Component 2: Learning Through Play 

 

LEARNING AIM B: Demonstrate how children’s learning can be supported through play. 

Hand-eye coordination 

Coordinated control of eye movements with hand movements. 

Spatial awareness 

Understanding where you are in relation to the objects in your environment. 

Body management 

Skills used to control the body. 

Bodily coordination 

Movement of different areas of the body.  

Accurate  Free from mistakes. 

Manipulating  Handling or control over objects. 

Imagination  Using your mind to be creative. 

Attention skills  Noticing and concentrating on something. 

Cognitive development 

Information processing, memory and problem solving. 

Interaction  Involvement with others. 

Refining  Making changes to improve. 

Lift-the-flap books 

Books with flaps on the pages which show images or text underneath. 

Textured stories  Use materials to suggest what something feels like, e.g. fur to represent animals. 

Social bonds  Attachment to other people. 

Emotional bonds  Having a connection with a person. 

Wipe board  Plastic-backed board that can be wiped clean. Specially designed pens are used. 

Listening walk  Being silent whilst walking in order to hear what is going on around you. 

Emotional face  Showing different emotions on your face. This can be done by a child or adult, or shown through images or video. 

Story sacks  A sack or box that has a storybook and other resources that are linked to the story. 

Stoke Damerel Six

RESPECT• Respect each other

• Be kind, treat others how you want to be treated

• Respect yourself

RESPONSIBLE• Take responsibility for your

learning and behaviour • Try to be a leader

• Be a positive role model

RESILIENT• Commit to your learning

• Try your best • And try again and again

PREPARED• Be prepared and ready to learn • Be here, be on time and bring

everything you need for learning • Take part in your learning

and your school

PROFESSIONAL• Be polite

• Be welcoming to all members of our College

• Smile and be friendly

PRIDE• Be proud to learn; proud

of your work• Wear your Stoke Damerel

uniform with pride • Be proud of yourself