knowledge of adolescent regarding hiv in india

8/13/2019 knowledge of adolescent regarding HIV in india

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Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences; Karnataka,

Bangalore

ANNEXUREII

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION

1 Name of the Candidate and

Address (In block letters)

MISS ALEENA MATHEW

1ST

YEAR M.Sc NURSING STUDENT

ATHENA COLLEGE OF NURSING

FALNIR ROAD

MANGALORE-575 001

2 Name of the Institution ATHENA COLLEGE OF NURSING

FALNIR ROAD

MANGALORE-575 001

3 Course of study,

subject

1ST YEAR M.Sc NURSING,

PSYCHIATRIC NURSING.

4 Date of Admission to

Course

01/06/2009

5 Title of the topic

A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF

ADOLESCENTS REGARDING HIV INFECTION / AIDS IN SELECTED

HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOLS AT MANGALORE WITH A VIEW

TO DEVELOP A SELF INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE.


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6 Brief Resume Of Intended Work

6.1 Need for Study

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retro virus that can lead to

acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Acquired immune deficiency

syndrome is a collection of symptoms and infections resulting from the specific

damage to the immune system caused by the Human immunodeficiency virus. In

June 1981, scientists in the United States reported the first clinical evidence of

the disease that was later known as acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

World health organizations current statistics shows that globally around

40 million people contracted HIV infection / AIDS and over 25 million have died

because of AIDS. As per UNAIDS global report 2007, every day more than

6,800 people get infected with HIV infection and 2.5 million people get newly

infected. One person out of every six infected is a child under the age of 15 years.

Of the 2.1 million people who died because of AIDS in 2007, 1.7 million were

over 15 years of age and 2,90,000 were under the age of 15years.1

UNAIDS 2007, estimated that there are 5.6 million people living with

HIV in India, which indicate that there are more people with HIV infection in

India than many other country in the world. In 2007, following the first survey of

HIV infection among the general population, UNAIDS and NACO agreed on a

new estimate between 2 million and 3.1 million people living with HIV in India.

In 2008 the figure was confirmed to be 2.5 million which equals to a prevalence

of 0.3%. This may seem a low rate, because Indias population is so large, it is

third in the world in terms of greatest number of people living with HIV infection

with a population around a billion, a mere 0.1% increase in HIV prevalence

would increase the estimated number of people living with HIV by over half a

million. AndraPradesh, Maharashtra, Tamilnadu and Karnataka are the states

which show the highest prevalence of HIV / AIDS.2

Karnataka, a diverse state in the southwest of India, has a population of

around 53 million. HIV prevalence was 1% from 2003 to 2006, and dropped to

0.5% in 2007. It is also one of the 6 highest states in HIV / AIDS prevalence.3

A study was conducted in 2007 in South Delhi, India regarding


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knowledge, attitude and perception of 251 adolescent urban school girls towards

HIV infection / AIDS from two senior secondary schools. Result reveled that

more than 1/3rdof the students in this study had no accurate understanding about

HIV infection / AIDS. About 30% of the samples considered HIV infection /

AIDS could be cured, 49% felt that condoms could not be available to youth,

41% were confused whether the contraceptive pill could protect the females

against HIV infection and 32% thought it should only be taken by married

women.4

A study conducted in 2004 regarding knowledge and attitude of 300

adolescent girls about prevention of HIV infection in Sikkim, India reveled that

adolescent girls had inadequate knowledge regarding magnitude of AIDS, modes

of transmission, incubation period, treatment, control and prevention of

HIVinfection.5

A wide range of literature suggests that HIV infection / AIDS is

associated with high-risk behaviors. Studies support that HIV infection could be

prevented or controlled if adequate knowledge is provided to adolescents, which

will help in behavioral changes. Adolescents experiment with sex, drugs and may

engage in high-risk behaviors and they are at risk for exposure to HIV infection

/ AIDS. Majority of adolescents dont take precautionary measures when

engaging in high risk behaviors. If the HIV infection / AIDS epidemic has to be

stopped or at least slowed, adolescents and youth need to be targeted.

The researcher from her own experience and discussion with colleagues

and experts realized that HIV infection / AIDS is a problem in Karnataka. If

adolescents are provided with knowledge on causes and signs and symptoms,

modes of transmission and prevention of HIV infection / AIDS, this might help

the students to change their behavior and also influence others. Therefore the

researcher chose to assess the knowledge of adolescents and their attitude

towards HIV infection / AIDS and based on that to prepare a self-instructional

module.

6.2 Review of Literature

A study was conducted in Karnataka, to assess the knowledge, attitude

and expressed behavior in relation to HIV infection / AIDS among students of


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non professional colleges in Udupi District with a view to identify the learning

needs. Survey research approach was used for the study and the sample consisted

of 263 students selected using simple random sampling technique. Data was

collected with the help of structured self administered questioners. Findings

reveled that television was the main sources of information in relation to HIV

infection / AIDS. Students possessed higher knowledge in the area of prevention

and treatment (79.5%). The lowest knowledge was in the area of incubation

period (69%). Students possessed adequate knowledge but they showed a less

favorable attitude towards HIV / AIDS clients.6

A survey was conducted in Dakshina Karnataka, South India on 1669

samples (834 males and835 females) aged 19-25yrs of the general population to

asses HIV infection / AIDS related knowledge, attitude and practice. Results

showed that 54% of participants knew that AIDS is caused by HIV virus and

44% correctly identified all modes of transmission, 41% did not know that

condoms can prevent HIV infection. Few (34%) felt that HIV infected

individuals should be kept away from others and 40% were not willing to accept

a family member with HIV infection. There was a significant and positive co-

relation between knowledge and attitude scores (P


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states population.

A study was conducted in Karnataka to find out the knowledge and

attitude of undergraduate nursing students regarding HIV / AIDS. Convenience

sampling technique was used and data were collected from 175 nursing students

of schools and colleges of nursing. Structured knowledge questionnaire and

attitude scale was used to collect data. The findings of the study suggested that

there was no significant difference in knowledge and attitudes between the two

student groups (BSc and GNM students). Majority of the student found to have

adequate level of knowledge and attitude orientation, still there is need for

improvement.9

6.3 Problem Statement

A study to assess the knowledge and attitude of adolescents regarding

HIV infection / AIDS in selected higher secondary schools at Mangalore with a

view to develop a self instructional module.

6.4 Objectives of the Study

1. To assess the level of knowledge of adolescents regarding HIV infection /AIDS as measured by a structured knowledge questionnaire.

2. To assess the attitude of adolescents regarding HIV infection / AIDS asmeasured by an attitude scale.

3. To find out the relationship between mean knowledge score and meanattitude score regarding HIV infection / AIDS.

4. To find out the association between mean knowledge score and meanattitude score with selected baseline variables (age, stream of education,

education of parents, occupation of parents and income).

6.5 Operational Definitions

Knowledge

In this study knowledge refers to the correct response of adolescents

regarding HIV infection / AIDS as measured by a structured knowledge

questionnaire.


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Attitude

In this study attitude refers to the view or opinion of adolescents to HIV

infection / AIDS as measured and scored by an attitude scale.

Adolescents

In this study adolescents refers to the students between 15 -18 yrs of age

and are studying in selected higher secondary school at Mangalore.

HIV infection / AIDS

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retro virus that can lead to

acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Acquired immune deficiency

syndrome is a collection of symptoms and infections resulting from the specific

damage to the immune system caused by the Human immunodeficiency virus.

Higher secondary schools

Are the schools in Mangalore that run plus one and plus two classes.

Stream of education

The subjects which students have taken for their higher secondary

education eg: science / commerce.

Self instructional module

In this study selfinstructional module refers to a learning package

consisting of information regarding causes, signs and symptoms, modes of

transmission and prevention of HIV infection / AIDS which will be prepared by

the investigator and distributed to the students after assessing their knowledge

regarding HIV infection / AIDS.

6.6 Assumptions

1. Adolescents may possess some knowledge regarding the HIV infection /AIDS.

2. Self instructional module improves knowledge regarding HIV infection /AIDS.

3. As knowledge increases more favorable attitude develops.

6.7 Delimitations

The study is delimited to

1. Adolescents studying in plus one and plus two classes.


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2. Adolescents studying in selected schools of Mangalore only.3. Adolescents who are willing to participate in the study.

6.8 Projected outcome (Hypothesis)

All hypotheses will be tested at 0.05 level of significance

H1:There will be a significant relationship between mean knowledge score and

mean attitude score of higher secondary students regarding HIV infection /AIDS.

H2:There will be a significant association between mean knowledge score and

selected baseline variables.

H3: There will be significant association between mean attitude score and

selected baseline variables.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

7.1 SOURCE OF DATA

Data will be collected from adolescents who are studying in selected

higher secondary school in Mangalore.

7.1.1 Research design

Descriptive survey design will be used for the study.

7.1.2 Setting

The study will be conducted in one of the private school in Mangalore

City which is under private management.

7.1.3 Population

Population of the study will consist of plus one and plus two students at

selected higher secondary school in Mangalore. The student strength of the

selected higher secondary school (plus one and plus two) is 3800.


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7.2 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

7.2.1 Sampling procedure

School will be selected on the basis of purposive sampling technique,

and simple stratified random sampling will be used for selecting 150 plus one

and 150 plus two students from the selected school.

(75 science students + 75 commerce students from plus one class= 150

75 science students + 75 commerce students from plus two class= 150)

Total 300 samples.

7.2.2 Sample Size

The sample size will consist of 300 higher secondary students who have

taken commerce or science as their main subject.

7.2.3 Inclusion Criteria for sampling

1. Students who are studying plus one and plus two and have taken commerceor science as their main subject.

2. Students who are willing to participate in the study.3. Students who are present at the time of data collection.

7.2.4 Exclusion Criteria for sampling

Students who have undergone any training / in service education

regarding HIV infection / AIDS.

7.2.5 Instruments intended to be Used

The tool will consist of 3 sections

Section I :Demographic Proforma

Section II: Structured knowledge questionnaire regarding HIV infection to

assess the knowledge.

Section III:5 point Likert scale to measure the attitude of the sample regarding

HIV infection.


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7.2.6 Data collection method

After obtaining administrative sanction from the principal of selected

higher secondary school in Mangalore, the investigator will randomly select the

students. They will be made to sit in a large hall which can accommodate 300

students. The purpose of the study will be explained to them and informed

consent will be taken. After obtaining their consent the tool will be administered

to them. Based on the result a self instructional module will be prepared and

given to the school authorities.

7.2.7 Data Analysis Plan

Based on the objectives of the study data analysis will be done using

descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics such as mean

percentage and frequency will be used to depict the demographic data as well as

knowledge and attitude score. Inferential statistics such as Karl-Pearson co-

relation co-efficient r test will be used to find out the relationship between

mean knowledge score and mean attitude score. Chi-square test will be used to

find out the association between mean knowledge score and mean attitude score

with demographic variables. Findings will be presented in the form of Tables and

Figures.

7.3 Does the study require any investigations or interventions to be

conducted on patients or other humans or animals? If so please describe

briefly.

No investigation /intervention will be conducted on the sample.

However a self instructional module on HIV infection/AIDS will be given to the

school authorities.

7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.3?

Ethical clearance will be obtained from the ethical committee of college

of nursing prior to the conduction of the study. Administrative permission will be

obtained from the concerned authorities. Written consent will be obtained from

the sample and confidentiality will be assured.


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List of References

1. http://data.unaids.org/pub/globel report/2008/jc 1510_2008_globel report[access date 27/08/09]

2. http://www.google.com,HIV/AIDS statistics in Asia, published on July2009, [access date 27/08/09]

3. http://www.google.com.NACO/WHO AIDS epidemic update, 2008.[access date 28/08/09]

4. Alexandra Mc Manus and Lipi Dhar. Study of knowledge, attitude andperception of adolescent urban school girls in south Delhi, India,

http://www.google.com. [Access date 27/08/09].

5. Mehrzad Taghizade. A study on attitude and knowledge of adolescentGirls about prevention of HIV infection /AIDS. The nursing journal of

India 2005 February; 15 (2): 40-42.

6. Mengstu Welday. A study of knowledge, attitude and expressed behaviorin relation to HIVinfection/AIDS among students of non professional

colleges in Udupi District with a view to identify the learning needs.

Unpublished Masters thesis, Manipal University, 2000.

7. Anand D, Menudi,Ambikadevi Amax, Aruna Roan, Sangeetha Shettyy. Across sectional problem based study of knowledge, attitude and practice

regarding HIV/AIDS in Dakshina Karnataka, India. Journal of

international association of physicians in AIDS care (JIAPAC) 2008

February; 7(1):27-34.

8. Basir Gaush, Muzaffir A, Rehna K and Shabnam B. Knowledge andbelief on HIV/AIDS among the female senior secondary students in

Srinagar District of Kashmir. Health population perspectives and issues

2003; 26(3): 101-107.

9. Birara Tadag Yayeh. A study of knowledge and attitude of under graduatenursing students in selected schools and colleges of nursing in Udupi

District, Karnataka state. Unpublished Masters thesis, Manipal

University, August 2005.


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8 Signature of Candidate

9 Remarks of the Guide

10 Name and Designation of

(in block letters)

10.1 Guide

10.2 Signature

10.3 Co-Guide (if any)

10.4 Signature

MR. JAMES CHAKO

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR


MANGALORE

NIL

-

11 11.1 Head of Department

11.2 Signature

DR (SR) ALPHONSA ANCHERIL

PROFESSOR


MANGALORE

12 12.1 Remarks of the Chairman and Principal

12.2 Signature

knowledge of adolescent regarding hiv in india

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