km3net international solvay institutes 27 29 may 2015, brussels, belgium. maarten de jong...
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KM3NeT
International Solvay Institutes 2729 May 2015, Brussels, Belgium.
Maarten de Jong
Astro-particle and Oscillations Researchwith Cosmics in the Abyss
(ARCA & ORCA)
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Introduction
1. Discovery and subsequent observation ofhigh-energy neutrino sources in Universe
2. Measurement of neutrino mass hierarchy3. Synergy with Earth & Sea sciences
• KM3NeT is a new Research Infrastructure– network of cabled observatories– located in deep waters of Mediterranean Sea– hosting multi-km3 Neutrino Telescope
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Detection principle
muon
wave front1 2 3 4 5
~ km
~ 100 mneutrino
interaction
time resolution 1 nsposition resolution 10 cm angular resolution 0.1 deg
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KM3NeT
Architecture
shore station
remote accessto data
remoteoperationon off
computercenter
0.1
1 Tb/
s
10100 Mb/s
neutrino telescope
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Design~
600 m
Optical moduleLauncher vehicle
‒ 31 x 3” PMTs‒ low-power HV‒ LED & piezo inside‒ FPGA readout‒ White Rabbit‒ DWDM
‒ rapid deployment‒ autonomous unfurling‒ recoverable
17”
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ETEL
3-inch PMTsKey features:
– timing ≤ 2 ns (RMS)– QE ≥ 25-30%– collection efficiency ≥ 90%– photon counting purity 100% (by hits, up to 7)– price/cm2 ≤ 10” PMT
ETEL D792 Hamamatsu R12199 HZC XP53B20
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PDF of muon light
50 m
Dt [ns]
Angular resolution 0.1 degrees
1 Te
V m
uon
PMT
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Phased implementation
Phase Blocks Primary deliverables
1 0.2 Proof of feasibility and first science results;
2.0
2ARCA
Measurement of neutrino signal reported by IceCube;All flavor neutrino astronomy;
1ORCA
Neutrino mass hierarchy;
3 6 Neutrino astronomy including Galactic sources;
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1) Optical module deployed at Antares April 2013 (2500 m)
2) Mini string deployed at Capo Passero May 2014 (3500 m)
Prototyping
Eur. Phys. J. C (2014) 74:3056
Rate
[Hz]
Multiplicity
Rate
[Hz]
PMT orientation
To be submittedEur. Phys. J. C
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Phase-1
First string assembled end of last year
® to be deployed at KM3NeT-France following weeks• Completion Phase-1 by end 2016
– 24 strings in KM3NeT-Italy– 6 more strings à la ORCA in KM3NeT-France
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Phase-1
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ARCA
Measurement of neutrino signal reported by IceCube
~1 km ~1 km
1 building block 1 building block
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Cascade analysis 1.0 cut & count
1. Online data filter– 5 (or more) coincidences between PMTs in same optical module
(DT = 10 ns)
2. Event filter– number of hits ≥ 2000
3. Vertex cut– veto atmospheric muons
4. Energy cut– total time-over-threshold ≥ 12 ms
5. MRF/MDP cut– 2D cut based on Boosted Decision Tree & energy estimate
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3.) Atmospheric muon veto
R2 [103 m2]
z [m
]
detector volume vertex cut
cosmic neutrinos atmospheric muons
R2 [103 m2]
80%
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5.) Signal to Noise
“sweet spot”
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5.) Signal to Noise
BDT (topology of event)
S e
vent
s / y
ear /
blo
ck
atmospheric muonsatmospheric neutrinos (tracks)atmospheric neutrinos (showers)cosmic neutrinos (tracks)cosmic neutrinos (showers)
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Sensitivity¶
observation time [y]
sign
ifica
nce
[s]
muon tracks
cascadescut & count
maximum likelihood
¶ Vetoing of atmospheric neutrinos not included.
F
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Resolution
En [GeV] En [GeV]
Dq
[deg
]
E R/E T
DqER/ET
ne
KM3NeT/ARCA Preliminary KM3NeT/ARCA Preliminary
1 sigma90%
Energy Direction
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Simulation of 1.5 PeV nt event¶
¶ Passes all cuts.
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Diffuse muon analysissi
gnifi
canc
e [s
]
observation time [y]
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ORCA
Measurement of neutrino mass hierarchy
200 m
1 building block
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Neutrino mass hierarchy m
ass
ntnmne
“normal” “inverted”
109 eV
106 eV
103 eV
100 eV
10-3 eV
electron
proton
g
neutrino
1 : 1000,000,000,000
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Neutrino mass hierarchyoscillations
cross sections
fluxes
matterL/E [km/GeV]
prob
abili
ty
E [GeV]
s [1
0-36 c
m2 ]
E [GeV]
EdN
/dE
[cm
-2 s
-1]
E [GeV]
probabilityco
s(q
)
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ORCA
observation time [y]
sign
ifica
nce
[s]
¶ Using prior for q23 octant and dCP angle.
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Future prospects (I)
~1 km
1 building block
~1 km
1 building block
~1 km
1 building block
~1 km
1 building block
~1 km
1 building block
~1 km
1 building block
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Future prospects (II)
RXJ1713¶
Vela X§
observation time [y]
sign
ifica
nce
[s]
RXJ1713-3946
Vela X
¶ S.R. Kelner, et al., Phys. Rev. D 74 (2006) 034018. § F.L. Villante and F. Vissani, Phys. Rev. D 78 (2008) 103007.
(binned analysis)
Galactic sources
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suddenEddy currents
Temperature
Earth & Sea sciences¶
France
observatoryfood supply
Bioluminescence
short lived (rare) eventsdominate life in deep-sea
permanent observatory
time profile¶ Antares
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KM3NeT status & outlook• R&D
– developed cost-effective technology– feedback from prototypes confirm key specifications
• Phase-1– going ahead as planned
• Phase-2– ARCA
• measurement of IceCube flux with different methodology, complementary field of view and improved resolution
• all flavour neutrino astronomy
– ORCA• measurement of neutrino mass hierarchy
• Future prospects– exploration of our Galaxy