KingdomKingdom

FungiFungi

1

Fungi are

important

decompose

rs in the

environme

nt3

Characteristics

heterotrophic

absorption

Singled celled

multicellular

Most reproduce SexuallyAsexually

SporesSpores

eukaryotic

Cell wall…chitin

4 Clip

Reproductive

structures

spores

4

Bodies made of hyphae (mycelium)

5

7

Divisions

Kingdom Fungi

Ascomycota

Basidiomycota

Zygomycota

Deuteromycota

Classification

based on

Sexual

Reproduction

8

Divison AscomycotaDivison Ascomycota “Sac Fungi”

9

Yeasts•single cells, produce daughter cells either by budding or by binary fission•the common baker's yeast- Saccharomyces cerevisiae

10

Divison BasidomycotaDivison Basidomycota “True Fungi”

11

Fungal Fungal

Body Body

StructuresStructures

12

Ring

Or Pores

Stipe

Divison ZygomycotaDivison Zygomycota “Molds and Mildews”

13

Clip

Divison Deutromycota

“fungi imperfecti”•Fungi that only reproduce asexually.• Some species of Deuteromycetes are predatory fungi that live in the soil and ensnare animals such as nematodes (roundworms) in a loop of hyphae. 

14

Three fungal lifestyles •A fungus that feeds on dead organic

matter is a saprotroph.

•Fungi that get their nutrients from living

organisms do so in a variety of ways but

can be put into two broad categories.

Where there is no benefit to the other

organism, the fungus in question is a

parasite. •If there is some benefit to both the

fungus and the other organism, the fungi

are mutualistic. 1

6

Usefulness of FungiUsefulness of Fungi•Fungi are valuable economically as a

•Antibiotics, vitamins•various industrially important chemicals, such as

•Acetone, Enzymes•fermentation processes, as in the production of

•alcoholic beverages, vinegar, cheese

•bread dough •Extremely important in soil renewal, through the decomposition of organic matter17

18

•Trichophyton interdigidale - Athletes foot•Epidermophyton and Microsporum     These fungi cause a variety of tineas and ringworms, affecting humans and animals.

•Candida albicans - Candidiasis.     This fungus is dimorphic, assuming a yeast-like or a hyphal form. Candidiasis typically is an irritating, itching condition which is more annoying than dangerous. Forms include vaginitis, and thrush.

•Blastomyces - Blastomycosis.     This can cause a mild skin infection or a potentially lethal

pulmonary infection. •Histoplasma - Histoplasmosis.     This widespread fungus occurs most frequently in guano, especially in bat caves, where there is little air flow, and a high concentration of spores. When inhaled, they can cause lung infections which vary from mild bronchial symptoms to lethality. It often results in capsules being formed in the lungs, which on x-rays appear like tuberculosis. 19

•Arthrobotrys and Dactylella - Lassoing fungi.     These and other interesting forms have either nooses of cells or adhesive cells which capture soil nematodes as they crawl in their vicinity.

•Drechslera - Southern Corn Blight.

    This is a serious pest of agriculture. •Alternaria - Late Blight.     This affects a variety of plants including wheat,

mustards, and solanaceous plants. •Verticillium and Fusarium - wilts.     Especially important in tomatoes and bananas.

•Rhizoctonia - damping off, root rot, canker.•Tolypocladium - This fungus is the source of cyclosporine, a vital drug for suppressing the immune

response in transplant patients.

20

Associations Associations between fungi and between fungi and plants plants •Mycorrhizae

are symbiotic relationships between fungi and plant roots (the term means literally 'fungus root'). •Perhaps more than 80% of the species of higher plants have these relationships

24