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Kinetics Lesson 2 Increasing the Reaction Rate

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Page 1: Kinetics Lesson 2 Increasing the Reaction Rate. Factors that Affect the Reaction Rate A homogeneous reaction is one where all the reactants are in the

KineticsLesson 2

Increasing the Reaction Rate

Page 2: Kinetics Lesson 2 Increasing the Reaction Rate. Factors that Affect the Reaction Rate A homogeneous reaction is one where all the reactants are in the

Factors that Affect the Reaction Rate A homogeneous reaction is one where all the reactants are inthe same phase. They are Fast due to thorough mixing andlots of collisions! H2(g) + O2(g) →

AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) →

Page 3: Kinetics Lesson 2 Increasing the Reaction Rate. Factors that Affect the Reaction Rate A homogeneous reaction is one where all the reactants are in the

Factors that Affect the Reaction Rate A homogeneous reaction is one where all the reactants are inthe same phase. They are Fast due to thorough mixing andlots of collisions! H2(g) + O2(g) →

AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) →

same- only look at reactants!

Page 4: Kinetics Lesson 2 Increasing the Reaction Rate. Factors that Affect the Reaction Rate A homogeneous reaction is one where all the reactants are in the

Factors that Affect the Reaction Rate A heterogeneous reaction is one where the reactants are intwo or more different phases. They are Slow due to poormixing and fewer collisions. Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) →

 Fe(s) + O2(g) →

 Al(s) + I2(s) →

 

Page 5: Kinetics Lesson 2 Increasing the Reaction Rate. Factors that Affect the Reaction Rate A homogeneous reaction is one where all the reactants are in the

Factors that Affect the Reaction Rate A heterogeneous reaction is one where the reactants are intwo or more different phases. They are Slow due to poormixing and fewer collisions. Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) →

 Fe(s) + O2(g) →

 Al(s) + I2(s) → Two solids don’t mix!

 Ca(s) + H2O(l) →

Page 6: Kinetics Lesson 2 Increasing the Reaction Rate. Factors that Affect the Reaction Rate A homogeneous reaction is one where all the reactants are in the

Factors that Affect the Reaction Rate A heterogeneous reaction is one where the reactants are intwo or more different phases. They are Slow due to poormixing and fewer collisions. Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) →

 Fe(s) + O2(g) →

 Al(s) + I2(s) → Two solids don’t mix!

 Ca(s) + H2O(l) →

Different

Page 7: Kinetics Lesson 2 Increasing the Reaction Rate. Factors that Affect the Reaction Rate A homogeneous reaction is one where all the reactants are in the

Factors that Affect the Reaction Rate Mixing can be improved by increasing the surface area.Increasing the surface area can increase the rate of aheterogeneous reaction solids only! Low surface area (slow) Higher surface area (fast) A lump of C burns Powdered carbon explodes A log doesn’t light Kindling lights 

Page 8: Kinetics Lesson 2 Increasing the Reaction Rate. Factors that Affect the Reaction Rate A homogeneous reaction is one where all the reactants are in the

Factors that Increase the Reaction Rate of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Reactions 1. Increasing the temperature 2. Increasing a reactant concentration (aq) or (g) 3. Adding a catalyst (an inhibitor decreases the rate)  4. Changing the nature of the reactant (changing a reactant for another that is more reactive) Movie  5. Increasing the pressure of a gaseous reactant

Page 9: Kinetics Lesson 2 Increasing the Reaction Rate. Factors that Affect the Reaction Rate A homogeneous reaction is one where all the reactants are in the

Factors that Increase the Reaction Rate of Heterogeneous Reactions Only  6. Increasing the surface area for a heterogeneous

reactions only (solid) 7. Agitation (stirring or fanning) for heterogeneous reactions only.

Page 10: Kinetics Lesson 2 Increasing the Reaction Rate. Factors that Affect the Reaction Rate A homogeneous reaction is one where all the reactants are in the

What reactions are faster than others? 1. Homo’s are faster than hetero’s.

2. Fastest Slowest(aq) (g) (l) (s) of the reactants

  3. Simple ionic equations are the fastest because there

are no bonds to break (double replacement). Fast AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)

Fast Ag+ + NO3- + Na+ + Cl- → AgCl(s) + Na+ + NO3

-

 Fast Ag+ + Cl- → AgCl(s) All three are simple ionic!

Page 11: Kinetics Lesson 2 Increasing the Reaction Rate. Factors that Affect the Reaction Rate A homogeneous reaction is one where all the reactants are in the

Describe each Pair of reactions as faster or slower.   8Cu(s) + S8(s) → 8CuS(s)

 

2NaClO3(aq) + F2(aq) → 2NaF(aq) + 3O2(g) + Cl2(g)

Page 12: Kinetics Lesson 2 Increasing the Reaction Rate. Factors that Affect the Reaction Rate A homogeneous reaction is one where all the reactants are in the

Describe each Pair of reactions as faster or slower.   8Cu(s) + S8(s) → 8CuS(s)

 Hetero

2NaClO3(aq) + F2(aq) → 2NaF(aq) + 3O2(g) + Cl2(g)

Homos are faster- more collisions

Page 13: Kinetics Lesson 2 Increasing the Reaction Rate. Factors that Affect the Reaction Rate A homogeneous reaction is one where all the reactants are in the

Describe each Pair of reactions as faster or slower.   AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)

 

2NaClO3(aq) + F2(aq) → 2NaF(aq) + 3O2(g) + Cl2(g)

Page 14: Kinetics Lesson 2 Increasing the Reaction Rate. Factors that Affect the Reaction Rate A homogeneous reaction is one where all the reactants are in the

Describe each Pair of reactions as faster or slower.   AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)

 

2NaClO3(aq) + F2(aq) → 2NaF(aq) + 3O2(g) + Cl2(g)

Hmmmm.…………both homo……

Page 15: Kinetics Lesson 2 Increasing the Reaction Rate. Factors that Affect the Reaction Rate A homogeneous reaction is one where all the reactants are in the

Describe each Pair of reactions as faster or slower.   AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)

 Simple ionic- double replacement- fastest!

2NaClO3(aq) + F2(aq) → 2NaF(aq) + 3O2(g) + Cl2(g)

Page 16: Kinetics Lesson 2 Increasing the Reaction Rate. Factors that Affect the Reaction Rate A homogeneous reaction is one where all the reactants are in the

Describe each Pair of reactions as faster or slower.   

3Ca(s) + 2P(s) → Ca3P2(s)

 

I2(g) + H2(g) → 2HI(g)

Page 17: Kinetics Lesson 2 Increasing the Reaction Rate. Factors that Affect the Reaction Rate A homogeneous reaction is one where all the reactants are in the

Describe each Pair of reactions as faster or slower.   

3Ca(s) + 2P(s) → Ca3P2(s))

 Hetero- both solids- slow- less reactant collisions!

I2(g) + H2(g) → 2HI(g)

Homo- both aqueous- fast- more reactant collisions!

Page 18: Kinetics Lesson 2 Increasing the Reaction Rate. Factors that Affect the Reaction Rate A homogeneous reaction is one where all the reactants are in the

State five ways to increase the rate of this reaction. 

Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)

1. Increase temperature

2. Increase [HCl]

3. Add a catalyst

4. Increase surface area of Mg

5. Agitate

Page 19: Kinetics Lesson 2 Increasing the Reaction Rate. Factors that Affect the Reaction Rate A homogeneous reaction is one where all the reactants are in the

State three ways to increase the rate of this reaction. 

2H2O2(aq) → O2(g) + 2H2O(l)

1. Increase temperature

2. Increase [H2O2]

3. Add a catalyst

Page 20: Kinetics Lesson 2 Increasing the Reaction Rate. Factors that Affect the Reaction Rate A homogeneous reaction is one where all the reactants are in the

State six ways to increase the rate of the following reaction. 

4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Fe2O3(s)

1. Increase temperature

2. Increase [O2]

3. Add a catalyst

4. Increase the pressure of O2

5. Increase surface area of Fe

6. Agitate

Page 21: Kinetics Lesson 2 Increasing the Reaction Rate. Factors that Affect the Reaction Rate A homogeneous reaction is one where all the reactants are in the

Demonstration

Sucrose + potassium chlorate = rocket fuel

H2SO4

C12H22O11(s) + 12O2(g) → 12CO2 + 11H2O + energy

Let’s increase the rate by:

1. Adding the catalyst H2SO4

2. Increasing the [O2] to 100 % by adding KClO4

3. Allowing the temperature to increase to 2000 oC (exo)4. Increasing the surface area of C12H22O11 (powdered)

It should be Fast- Movie


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