KINESIOLOGI

Applied of anatomy & mechanics in movements

Dr. Irfannuddin, SpKO

LOKOMOTOR SYSTEMPassive BonesActive Muscles

Joints:Companionship of 2 or more bone, center of movement

(fulcrum)Joint supports:

Tendon, ligament, joint capsule (discus/meniscus), sinovial fluids, cartilage, bursa

Bones Foundation of body

Cortex & Medulla 4 types

Long bones Short bones Flat bones Pneumatics

Locomotors Long, short and scapula

JointsFibrous (sindesmosis)Fibrous, No cavity, almost not moving SkullCartilaginous (sinkondrosis)Hyaline cartilage, no cavity, almost not moving Sternum to costaeSinovial joints (diartrosis)With cavity, moving free knee, ankle, hip etc

Knee

Joint structureBonesBones shape determine movements Joint capsuleSlick, decrease frictionDiskus/meniskusBuffer, Shock absorber, stability, Cavity with fluidsLubricator, nutrition for cartilageLigamentConnective tissue, control the movement

Sendi lutut

Types of JointHinge joint1 axis: flexion - extension

Pivot joint1 rolling axisPronasi - supinasi

Saddle joint2 axis (flexion-extension, abduction-adduction)

Kondiloid joint2 axis

Ball & socketMost flexible 3 aksis(flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, endo-exo rotation)

Gliding jointMulti axis but limited

Skeletal muscle Active locomotor engine Converting chemical to kinetics Origo :

- Not mobile bone, always proximalInsersio :

- Mobile bone always distal- Usually connected by tendon

Muscle formation

ContractionSliding filamentHead of myosin torque

Types of contraction

Concentric Eccentric Shorten Muscle force more than

external force For acceleration Eq: Quadriceps while

standing

Lengthwise Muscle force less then

external force For decceleration Eq: Quadriceps while

sitting

DynamicsThe length is change when contraction

Jenis KontraksiStatic/Isometric Contraction but not change in length (tighten) Muscle force = external force For fixation

Push the wall

Contraction PowerDepend onDiameterMotor UnitTension beforeElectrical stimulation

Motor Unit

Tension Before

Contraction pattern

Agonist Principal activator Biceps brachii while elbow flexionSupporting activatorBrachialis while elbow flexionStabilizers/ fixationShoulder while elbow flexionSynergyAnkle extension while finger flexionAntagonistWork adversative to controls agonist, Usually eccentric Hamstring while kicking the ball

Types of movement

FlexionExtension AbductionAdductionRotation

Endorotation/ pronasiExorotation/ supinasi

Sircumduction

That’s all