kinematics physics

8/6/2019 Kinematics Physics

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Kinematicsy the mathematical treatments of the motions of bodies

without regard to the forces that produce the motion.

y the science of describing the motion of objects usingwords, diagrams, numbers, graphs, and equations.

y a branch of mechanics(the study of the motion ofobjects).


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Scalar vs. Vectory Scalars are quantities which are fully described by a

magnitude (or numerical value) alone.

yEx: mass, time, and temperature

y Vectors are quantities which are fully described byboth a magnitude anda direction

y Ex: velocity, acceleration and force


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Motion and Position

yMotion is the change of an objects position in

time.

y Position is how far an object is from the origin

or reference point.


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Distance, Displacement, Position

y Distance is how far an objects moves. It is a scalarquantity.

y Displacement is the vector version of distance. It isthe overall change in position.

y The SI unit for all of these quantities is meters.


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AMouse in a Maze

3m

4m

2m

2m

1m

1m

5m2m

Distance traveled:

Position:

Displacement


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Distance Formulasy For an object in uniform motion (constant velocity)

d = vt

y For an object undergoing constant acceleration d = d

i+ v

it = at2

d = (vi+ vf)t

2

d = v t :average velocity

v


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Constant aceleration vs. constant

velocity

y Constant acceleration

y Constantvelocity


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Velocity Graphsy Instantaneous velocity may be calculated by finding

the slope of a d-t graph. (or p-t graph)

yVelocity may be calculated in several ways:y Average velocity is simply total displacement divided by

time

y V = d

ty Average velocity is also the average value of a d-t graph.


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Velocity Graphsy Instantaneous velocity is equal to the slope of a

distance-time graph at any given point.

y

For constant velocity graphs, simply calculate the slopeusing d .

t

y For accelerated motion, you would need to find the

slope of a tangent to the curve


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Velocity Fomulasy To find velocity for an object in uniform motion

simply use the formula:y V = d

ty For accelerated motion, use a formula that

includes acceleration.y a= v

t

y d = d0 + v0t = at2y vf

2 =v02 +2ad

y d = (v0 + vf)t2


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kinematics physics

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