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KINCSEM GYÖNGYE

Első Magyar-Róng (Hungarian-Lepcha) Szókincstárka

Meagher (Rádics) Ilona

MagyarEtimológia.com

"Adjon Isten, szivem édene'...

Menyasszonyom, kincsem gyöngye Te!

Liliomszál! Apád id' adott,

Itt a gyürü! jegyesed vagyok!"

- Szilárd Nyerges, Költeményei (1911)

ELSŐ VÁZLAT : 2016

USA

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© All Rights Reserved : Kincsem Gyöngye : Meagher (Rádics) Ilona : magyaretimológia.com : 6 August 2016

Tartalom : Contents

Előszó : Preface ............................................................................................................................................................ 3

Kiejtés : Pronunciation ............................................................................................................................................... 7

Röviditések és jel kulcs : Abbreviations and symbol key ...................................................................................... 9

Magyar-Róng Forditások ......................................................................................................................................... 19

A-Á ......................................................................................................................................................................... 20

B, b .......................................................................................................................................................................... 38

C .............................................................................................................................................................................. 53

Cs ............................................................................................................................................................................ 54

D.............................................................................................................................................................................. 65

E-É .......................................................................................................................................................................... 72

F .............................................................................................................................................................................. 82

G.............................................................................................................................................................................. 91

Gy ........................................................................................................................................................................... 96

H ........................................................................................................................................................................... 105

I- Í .......................................................................................................................................................................... 128

J ............................................................................................................................................................................. 137

K ............................................................................................................................................................................ 143

L ............................................................................................................................................................................ 176

Ly .......................................................................................................................................................................... 188

M ........................................................................................................................................................................... 188

N ........................................................................................................................................................................... 206

Ny ......................................................................................................................................................................... 213

O-Ó ....................................................................................................................................................................... 222

Ö-Ő ....................................................................................................................................................................... 228

P ............................................................................................................................................................................ 231

R ............................................................................................................................................................................ 243

S ............................................................................................................................................................................ 256

Sz........................................................................................................................................................................... 271

T ............................................................................................................................................................................ 295

Ty .......................................................................................................................................................................... 321

U-Ú ....................................................................................................................................................................... 322

http://magyaretimologia.com/

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Ü-Ű ....................................................................................................................................................................... 325

V ............................................................................................................................................................................ 327

Z ............................................................................................................................................................................ 340

Zs .......................................................................................................................................................................... 342


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Előszó : Preface

Kancsendzönga (régebbi magyar alakváltozata Kancsindsanga; angolul Kangchenjunga; én szerintem

Kincsemgyöngye is megfelelhet) a Himalájának és világnak harmadik legmagassabb hegye. E hegyen,

három éve, 2013. május 21. körul, hires erdélyi születésű, magyar állampolgári székely hegymászó Erős

Zsolt, és társa Kiss Péter, életüket siralmassan elvesztették.

Honfitársa Kőrösi Csoma Sándor, a nyelvtudós, könyvtáros, tibetológia megalapítója, és a Tibeti-Angol

szótár megalkotója, 171 évvel azelőtt Kancsendzönga árnyékában halt meg Dardzsilingben.

Érdekes módon, Erősnek fia neve Csoma. 2013. január 26án, ép evvel kezdődött a beszélgetés amikor

Erős leült Kékesi Raymundal.1 Egy kis szemelvény belőle:

Kékesi Raymund: – Kőrösi Csoma Sándor miatt Csoma a kisebbik gyermeked?

Erőss Zsolt: – Persze. Róla mindenki tanul, a magyarság, a magyar kultúra része. Székely,

polihisztor. Hogy az ember mentálisan így kiteljesedjen, polihisztorrá válva eljusson Ázsiáig és

a tibeti kultúra kutatásáig, ez hatalmas teljesítmény. Ő az őshazát kereste, és eljutott

Dardzsilingig. Azon a vidéken valóban vannak nyomai a magyarságnak – én is gyakran

találkozom ilyenekkel. Kötődünk Kőrösi Csoma mentalitásához, székely vagyok, és akarunk

magasabbra menni és hegyre menni, még magasabbra menni, és a Himalájába… Soha senkit

nem ismertünk Csomának, mármint rajta és a fiunkon kívül, de ez egy régi magyar keresztnév.

… . Csoma azzal, hogy elkezdte a tibeti kultúrát tanulmányozni, a legrégibb történelmünk

forrásaihoz tudott eljutni. Vajon mi mindent tudott volna feltárni, ahogy az szándékában is

állt, ha a tibeti leírásokat, kolostori kódexeket még jobban megismerhette volna? Mindenesetre

1 „A legveszélyesebb dolog az emberre a céltalanság” beszélgetés Erőss Zsolttal | Hunbaba mei tai

Babahordozás kényelmesen, szépen, magyarul (accessed 6/22/16)


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jó úton járt. Darjeelingben, Ladakban, és Szikimben egy tiltott kultúrával ismerkedett. Az

akkori dalai láma zártan tartotta ezt a kultúrát, és a láma alattvalói a kolostorokban a

szerzetesek. Ezeknek tiltva volt, hogy nyugati kultúrával ismerkedjenek, vagy tibeti kultúrát

adjanak át a nyugatiaknak, Csoma tehát tilosban működött. Akkoriban a tiltás nem

pénzbüntetéssel járt.

A Lepcha törzs hivatalosan Szikkimnek az eredeti lakósa.

Helység, folyó, stb. nevek ő tőlük származnak.

Ez a vidék védett volt, ugy ahogy Erős álittota, és gondolom ezért elégé tisztán maradhatott az éveken

keresztul a nyelvük. Amikor az első Angol kutatók megjelentek e vidéken a 19.ik században,

megjegyezték a népet és a nyelvüket.2

Érdemes itt az elején tudni hogy ugy mint a magyar külföldieknek egy Hungarian , a róng (helyessen,

teljessen mútuncí róngkup rumkup) idegeneknek egy Lepcha, és a róng nyelv = róng ring.

A róng “ravine folk”-ott jelent amikor megkérdezi az ember tőlük mitt jelent a nevük. Magyarul, én

szerintem, “horony nép” a megfelelő forditása (pontossaban, ravine = mélység, szurdok, hegyszoros).

Mielőtt meghalt, Kőrösi Csoma Sándornak ez volt a véleménye e törzs nyelvéröl:

A dardzsilingi angol ügynök dr. Archibald Campbell Notice on the Lepchas of Sikkim című

tanulmányát Körösi véleményezte, és megállapította, hogy a lepcha nyelvnek nincs köze a

tibeti nyelvhez — holott jelenleg a szaktudósok véleménye szerint a tibeti nyelvek családjához

tartozik.3

És még4:

“The Lepcha have an alphabet, whose character Csomo [sic] Korosi pronounced to be non-

Tibetan.”

[“A Lepchának van egy ábécéje, Csomó [ sic ] Kőrösi szerint, amelynek jellege nem-tibeti.”]

2 Dr. A Campbell, Late Superintendant of Darjeeling, “On the Lepchas,” Journal of Ethnological Society of

London, 1869-1870, vol. 1, pp 143-157; és Hyde Clarke, Vice-President of the Anthropological Institute of

London, „Himalayan Origin and Connection of th Magyar and Ugrian,” Journal of the Anthropological

Institue of Great Britain and Ireland, 1878, vol VII, pp 44-64 3 LK Calloch Bernard – Batári Gyula, “Körösi Csoma Sándor, a Bengáliai Ázsiai Társaság könyvtárosa,”

Magyar Könyvszemle 1989/3., Közlemények p 305

http://epa.oszk.hu/00000/00021/00341/pdf/MKSZ_EPA00021_1989_105_03_277-312.pdf (acc. 5/3/16) 4 Friedrich Max Müller, Christian Carl Josias von Baron Bunsen, “Letter to Chevalier Bunsen on the

Classification of the Turanian Languages,” 1854, p. 102 (Google Books, acc. 5/3/16)


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És5:

Note. With the above interesting paper I received from Mr. Campbell a specimen of the Lepcha

character, in the text and running hands, as well as the alphabet, the sounds of which are given

above, in the letters expressing each sound. Mr. Csoma Korosi informs me that these

characters, and the language itself have no affinity to the Thibetan, nor to any dialect of it, nor

to the dialects of any other oriental language with which he is acquainted.

[“Jegyzet. A fenti érdekes papírral kaptam Campbell úrtol egy Lepcha irásjel példányt, a szöveg

és a futás kezét <?>, valamint az ábécét is, a hangok amik fent megadottak, a betűk kifejeznek

minden hangot. Kőrösi Csoma Sándor úr közölte, hogy ezek a jellemek, és maga a nyelvnek

nincs rokoni viszony a Thibetihez, vagy pedig bármilyen nyelvjárásához, és még más keleti

nyelv nyelvjárásokhoz sem, amellyel ismerős.”]

Kőrösi Csoma Sándor utolsó napjairol (és említés a Lepcha szolgájárol a végén található)6:

Dr. Campell, mint kormányügynök, volt a legfőbb tisztviselő akkoron ezen végső állomáson. Ö

Csomát nem csak híréből, de személyesen is már évek óta ismerte; barátságosabb körbe tehát

alig juthatott volna honfitársunk, mint volt Darjilingben.

A szomorú eseményt Dr. Campbell Mr. Bushby calcuttai kormány-titkárhoz intézett hivatalos

leveléből olvassuk; hazai nyelven a Magyar Posta 1857-dik folyamában volt közölve, ekképen:

«Sir!

Nagy sajnálattal vagyok kénytelen jelenteni a magyar utazó és tibeti tudós Körösi Csoma

Sándor e hó 11-dikén itten*) történt kimultát. Áldozatja lett az útközben kapott láznak,

melynek orvoslása végett gyógyszert venni reá nem bírhattam, a midőn még az hasznára

lehetett volna.

Körösi úr múlt hó 24-dikén érkezett meg s közlötte velem óhajtását a szikkimi Baja székhelyére

s onnan Lassába menni, a végett, hogy a tibeti irodalom kincstáraihoz bemenetet szerezzen ;

ezeket keleti Tibetnek fővárosában Lassában még mindig föltalálhatni ő bizton hitte. Ladák- és

Kanumban folytatott tanulmányai alkalmával pedig az ott nyert értesítés után, oka volt

föltenni azt, hogy a szóban lévő müvek esetleg Szikkimbe hozattak át.

...

April 12-dikén reggeli 8 órakor, földi maradványai az állomás temetőjében tétettek le. Én

olvasám fölötte a temetési végtiszteletet, majdnem minden európai lakos jelenlétében.

5 Dr. A Campbell, “Note on the Lepchas of Sikkim,” Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Vol IX, Part I

Jan-Jun 1840, p 393 6 Dr. Duka Tivadar, Kőrösi Csoma Sándor Dolgozatai, Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, 1885


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...

Mellékelve van egy lajstrom a szekrények tartalmáról. Papírjai között találtattak a 300 rúpiára

menő bankjegyek ... <stb.> ... Ennyi volt pénzbeli hagyománya. Ebből le fogom húzni temetése

költségeit s egy lepcsa szolgájának hátralévő bérét, megtartván a többit, a míg a kormány

rendeletét veendem.

...

Jegyzés. A kék öltönyt <amit KCsS Teherántol Dardzsilingig viselt> lepcsa szolgájának

ajándékozták.

1876-ban, megjelent az első angol nyelvű Lepcha nyelvtan.7

Szerzője George Byers Mainwaring, egy Angol Indiai tábornok és nyelvész akit hivatalosan kiküldtek

Szikkim vidékére Lepcha szótárt írni, húsz évig élt a róngokkal, és szóbeszéd volt hogy megis nősült egy

Lepcha őshonoshoz.8 Igy megtanulta a nyelvet, és 1898-ban megjelent a kivánt Angol-Lepcha szótár9

(szomorúan, halála után; bőséges jegyzeteit egy német felülvizsgálta és befejezte).

E szótárt elkezdetem magyarra forditani 2016. február havában.10

Fél év után, ez az eredmény. A szótárnak forditása k.b. 10 százaléka (nagyvonalú becslés) kész.

E kis szótárocskának NEM az a célja hogy a magyarok eredetét bebizonyítja. Az SEM, hogy innen ered a

nyelvünk. HANEM, a forditások azt mutatják hogy a magyar nyelv legalább olyan ősi mint a Lepcha. A

magyar nyelv bennszülött és értékes, és a magyar szó kincs testi, szellemi és lelki gyöngyünk.

A magyar nyelv megőrzése és dicsérete teljessen érdemes és méltó törekvés.

Istennek ajanlván maradok Nagyságodnak legkisseb szólgája,

Meagher (Rádics) Ilona

Elnézést kérek, és előre köszönöm megértését kedves olvasóim:

1. Az első vázlat (2016 augusztus) példa alakító, gyors kiadvány; sok helyen hiányzik a magyar

forditás, és a teljes formázás nem kész. Mégis, tökéletes a szó tartalom és a vágy hogy más is

elolvashatja. Térjen ide legfrisseb változara: www.magyaretimológia.com

2. Szüleim magyarországon születtek, én Amerikában. Nem írok nyelvtanilag helyesen vagy

szépen. DE magyar szavakat szeretem, értem (hát, még van itt javulásra bőven hely), és védem!

7 Cololnel G.B. Mainwaring, A Grammar of the Róng (Lepcha) Language as it Exists in the Dorjeling and

Sikim Hills, 1876 8 Barbara Crossette, The great hill stations of Asia, 1998. 9 George Byres Mainwaring, Dictionary of the Lepcha-Language compiled by the late General G.B. Mainwaring,

revised and completed by Albert Grünwedel, 1898 10 Még három kiegészitő forrást használtam a Mainwaring szótáron kivül: K.P. Tamsang, Lepcha-English

Encyclopaedic Dictionary, 1981; Helen Plaisier, A Grammar of Lepcha, 2007; és a University of California-

Berkeley STEDT Lepcha database, http://stedt.berkeley.edu/~stedt-cgi/rootcanal.pl/group/21/893


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Kiejtés : Pronunciation

Latin Mainwaring Grammar

Mainwaring Grünwedel Dictionary

Róng Tamsang Dictionary

IPA Magyar STEDT Plaisier

2007

A a a ă A a [ə] [ö] a a, a = [ə]

Á á â á [a~ɑ] á a = [a]

47 Â â á a A aa [ʌ~ə] [a] ö

B b ba bă b ba [b] b b = [b]

Bl bl bla blă [bl] bl

C c tsa tsă p tsa [ʦ] c ts = [ts]

Ch ch tsha tśă w tsha [tsʰ] ch tsh = [tsʰ]

9 Č č cha čă cha [ʧ] cs c = [ʧ]

10 Čh čh chha că chya [ʧʰ] csh ch = [ʧʰ]

16 D d da dă d da [d] d d = [d]

Ḍ ḍ [ɖ] dr = [ɖ]

E e e e A aey [e~ɛ] e [ɛ] é [e]

e = [e~ɛ]

F f fa fă [f] f f = [f]

Fl fl fla flă [fl] fl

5 G g ga gă g ga [g] g g = [g]

6 Gl gl gla glă [gl] gl

H h ha hă ha [h] h h = [h]

Hl hl hla hlă [hl] hl

I i i i A ae [i] i i, i = [i]

Í í î í ai [i] í

11 J j ja jă jya [ʒ] zs j = [ʒ]

1 K k ka kă k ka [k] k k = [k]

4 Kh kh kha ḱă kha [kʰ] / [x]

kh kh = [kʰ]

3 K k (final)

k k k


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2 Kl kl kla klă [kl] kl

L l la lă la [l] l l = [l]

M m ma mă ma [m] m m = [m]

Ml ml mla mlă [ml] ml

7 N n na nă na [n] n n = [n]

12 Ñ ñ nya nyă nya [ɲ] ny ny = [ɲ]

8 Ŋ ŋ nga ṅă nga [ŋ] ng ng = [ŋ]

O o o o A ao [o] o o = [o]

Ó ó ó ó A aao [ɔ] u [o] o = [ɔ]

P p pa pă p pa [p] p p = [p]

Ph ph pha ṕă pha [pʰ] pʰ ph = [pʰ]

Pl pl [pl] pl

R r ra ră r ra [r] r r = [r]

S s sa să s sa [s] sz s = [s]

Š š sha šă sya [ʃ] s sh = [ʃ]

13 T t ta tă t ta [t] t t = [t]

14 T t (final)

t t t

Th th tha ťă tha [tʰ] th (angol?) th = [tʰ]

15 Ṭ ṭ [ʈ] ty tr = [ʈ]

Ṭh ṭh [ʈʰ] thr = [ʈʰ]

U u ú u A aoo [ɯ] ö[u] u = [ɯ]

Ú ú u ŭ au [u] ú u = [u]

V v va vă v va [v] v v = [v]

W w wa wă w wa [w] ú [a] w = [w]

Y y ya yă y ya [j] j, ly y = [j]

Z z za ză z za [dz~z] z z = [z]

'a = à(IM) [ʔ] gutteral [h/k] ʔ = [ʔ]


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Röviditések és jel kulcs : Abbreviations and symbol key

MTA Hivatalos Szófejtési (Etimológiai) Nyilatkozatok

» Uj magyar etimológiai szótár, első vázlat (UMESz): http://nszt.nytud.hu/etimologia.html

☑ Eredet (UMESz)

☐ Ismeretlen (UMESz)

◪ Vitatott (UMESz)

☒ Bizonytalan (UMESz)

▶ Lásd még

● elosztó : divider

✘ vezetéknév : family name

◦ LEED betűzés

▪ STEDTdb betűzés

♬ úgy hangzik, mint : sounds like

♂ given name (male)

♀ given name (female)

♔ ruler

⚑ helység : place

⚐ mondai hely : mythical place

≈ folyó : river

💫 égi : celestial

↔ betű változás : letter change

(rev ←) fordított : reversed

← from

→ to

/IPA/ Nemzetközi fonetikai ábécé

◷ szótörténet : word history

***


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(abl) = ablative case [expresses motion away from something] : távolító

(abr) abbreviation : rövidítés

(acc) = accusative case : tárgyeset

(AD) = anno Domini [Latin = In the year of our Lord])

(adj) = adjective : melléknév

(adv) = adverb : határozószó

(agr) = agricultural : mezőgazdasági

(aka) = also known as : avagy

(ala) = like, similar to : hasonló

(amt) = unit of measure (weight, etc.) : mennyiség

(ana) = anatomy : taglalat

(ang) = anagram

(ant) = antonym : ellentét

(arc) = archaic : elavult

(arc-HB) = archaic, Halotti Beszéd

(ast) = astronomy : csillagászat

(bot) = botany (science of plants)

(cog) = cognate

(col) = colloquial (used in ordinary conversation, familiar, non-formal, non-literary)

(com) = comb. form

(conj) = conjunction

(contr) = contraction (shortened form of word from word or group of words)

(cur) = currently (often used for geographic names)

(dat) = dative case

(der) = derivatives, further words derived from root word

(dia) = dialectal/nyelvjárási (mainly used by UMESz to denote history of a word's pronounciation)

(dim) = diminutive

(duo) = dualism, opposing concepts contained in a similarly-spelled (or pronounced) word

(emp) = emphatic particle (words that lend an emphasis to some part of a sentence)


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(eng) = English, Angol

(ent) = entertainment, title of movie, television series, music group or song, video game, etc.

(esp) = especially

(ex) = example

(exc) exclamation

(ext) = extrapolation, extending meaning from given specific defintion(s) to overarching theme(s) or

relationship(s)

(fam) = family genus [plants]

(fig) = figuratively

(gen) = genative case

(gov) = official government (local and up) term, designation, name, etc.

(grm) = grammatical

(his) = historical

(hon) = honorofic

(hum) = humorous, said in a joking manner

(hun) = hunting term

(hyp) = hypothesized, not directly attested word (reconstructed word/root based on comparative analysis

of language family)

(ie:) = in other words

(imp) = imperative command

(inf) = infinitive

(ins) = instrumentative/instrumental case

(iq) = idem quod., same as

(lay) = layman's terminology, general word commonly used in daily conversations in public

(min) = mining

(mng) = general, overarching meaning or essense of (root) word

(mod) = modern spelling; underlined word in Lepcha Lexicon = modern spelling - no (mod) notation

included

(n) = noun

(nau) = nautical


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(nom) = nomitive

(nur) = nursury rhyme, children's song or story

(obj) = objective case

(obs) = obsolete

(opp) = opposite of

(opt) = optics (eye-related)

(org) = originally, original meanging

(orn) = ornithology [study of birds, branch of zoology]

(par) = particle, a word that has a grammatical function but does not fit into the main parts of speech (i.e.

noun, verb, adverb).

(phr) = phrase or sentence

(phy) - physics

(pl) = plural

(ply) = properly

(pn) = proper noun/személynév (names of people, places, official things)

(pol) = political term

(pos) = possible, (pos root) = possible/abstract [elvont], posited root based on still-existing related words

containing it

(pp) = past participle of

(ppp) = perfect passive participle

(pre) = prefix

(pro) = pronoun

(pun) = punctuation

(re:) = regarding

(reg) = regional/tájszólás

(reg-Erd) = regional-Erdély/Transylvanian Hungarian

(rel) = related word(s)

(rev) = reverse match when read backwards, r-to-l

(root) = root word


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(root*) = an * after a row's main word denotes CzF roots and related words (from pp 66-118)

(s) = singular

(sal) = salutation

(same) = defintion is the same as that given for the immediately preceeding word

(say) = saying/mondás

(see x ) = see more at x

(sic) = as written (notation that text's error/typo included); from Latin sic "thus"; in full: sic erat scriptum,

"thus was it written"

(sla) = slang

(smb) = somebody

(smb/g) =somebody or something

(smg) = something

(smw) = somewhere

(snd) = sounds like

(snp) = clipped Online Etymology Dictionary [OED] data and and entered words under their appropo

language column

(suf) = suffix

(syn) = synonym

(trans) = transliteration

(twin) = twin interjection (two words used together, often rhyming with one another)

(v) = verb

(var) = variations (of a word through the years)

(vk/mi) = valaki vagy valami

(vki) = valaki

(vmi) = valami

(vs) = versus, ie. the opposite of

(vul) = vulgar language

(wr.) = written (appears in Sumerian definitions especially)

(zoo) = zoology


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***

(AAC) = AACHULEY blog, aachuley.wordpress.com

(AcDo) = Dr. Chowang Acharya & Acharya Sonam Gyatso Dokham : SIKKIM: The Hidden Holy Land

and its Sacred Lakes [pdf]

(AMS) = Angol-Magyar Szótár/ English-Hungarian dictionary at http://angol-magyar-szotar.hu/

(ANE) = An excursus on the Egyptian word nTr at https://ancientneareast.org/2012/02/10/an-excursus-on-

the-egyptian-word-ntr/

(ATL) = Lepcha, A. T. (2014, May 26). "Rong Taarshyaok, the Lepcha Flag," Aachuley. Retrieved May 24,

2016, from https://aachuley.files.wordpress.com/2014/05/4a81f-444.jpg

(BaGa) = Barna Gábor : A regös hagyományok földrajzi elterjedéséről at http://www.sulinet.hu/

(BaGy) = Bacsó Gyula : Adavidéki Nyelvjárás Fő Tekintettel a Mondattani Sajátosságokra, 1906 [pdf]

(BaMó) = Ballagi Mór : A Magyar Nyelv Teljes Szótára

(BaNe) = Bába Barbara-Nemes Magdolna : Magyar Földrajzi Köznevek Tára, 2014 [pdf]

(BaVi) = Bárdosi Vilmos : Magyar Szólások, Közmondások Adatbázisa, (2012) [pfd]

(BC) = BCE [Before the Christian Era]

(BeFa) = Bede Fahey : Mayan, A Sino-Tibetan Language? A Comparative Study, 2004 [pdf]

(BeGa) = Bereczki Gábor : Finnugor Jegyzetek XIX. Cseremisz (Mari) Nyelvkönyv, 1971 [book]

(BeSt) = C. De Beauvoir Stocks : Folk-Lore and Customs of the Lap-Chas of Sikhim, 1925 [book]

(BH) = Biblehub at http://biblehub.com/

(BlJo) = Blaskovics József : A Magyarok Története [book]

(BlLa) = dr. Blaskovich Lajos : Ősháza és Kőrosi Csoma Sándor Célja, 1942

(BoId) = dr. Bobula Ida : A Sumir - Magyar Rokonság Kérdése, 1982 [book]

(BuFe) = Buji Ferenc : Ismeretelen Eredetű Szavaink [pdf]

(CHW) = Choi Han-Woo (Hoseo University) : A Comparative Study of Korean and Turkic, Int'l Journal of

Central Asian Studies, Vol 1., 1996 [pdf]

(CKL) = Charisma K. Lepcha : Religion, Culture and Identity: A Comparative Study On the Lepchas of

Dzongu, Kalimpong and Ilam, 2013 [pdf]

(ClSc) = Claire S. Scheid: Hidden Land and Changing Landscape: Narratives about Mount

Khangchendzonga Among the Lepcha and the Lhopo, 2014 [pdf]

(CWNET) = Finn-Ugor, Altaic, Sumerian, Etruscan List at http://users.cwnet.com/millenia/dictionary.htm

(CzF) = Czuczor/Fogarasi szótár [pdf]


15


(Dar) = Place Names In Darjeeling [pdf]

(DaRa) = Das Ray : Sikkim: A Traveller's Guide, 2005 [book]

(DeCs) = Detre Csaba: Hun Szavak, Szövegek [pdf]

(DJB) = Donald J. Borror : Dictionary of Word Roots and Combining Forms: Compiled from the Greek,

Latin, and other languages, with special reference to biological terms and scientific names, 1960 [pdf]

(DuTi) = dr. Duka Tivadar : Kőrösi Csoma Sándor Dolgozatai (Magyar Tudományos Akadémia)], 1885

[book]

(EDSG) = Etymological Dictionary of Scottish-Gaelic, Alexander MacBain, 1896 [book]

(EMSzT) = Erdélyi Magyar Szótörténeti Tár [pdf]

(ENBR) = Encyclopedia Brittanica, 1911 http://www.theodora.com/

(ePSD) = ePennsylvania (Univ of Penn) Sumer Dictionary at http://psd.museum.upenn.edu/epsd/

(FaTa) = Farkas Tamás : Régi magyar családnevek névvégmutató szótárá XIV−XVII. század, 2009

(FeCs) = Ferenc Cser: Roots of the Hungarian Origin: Contemplation on the Carpathian Origin of the

Hungarian Language and People

(FoJa) = Fogarasi János D. = A' magyar nyelv metaphysicája: vagy a' betüknek eredeti jelentései a' magyar

nyelvre alkalmaztatva, 1834 [pdf]

(FrSa) = Frank Sandor Magyar Origins (Third Edition): A 21st Century Look at the Indo-Aryan Origins of

Ancient Hungarians and other Uralic Speakers, 2015 [book]

(GBM) = Cololnel G.B. Mainwaring, A Grammar of the Róng (Lepcha) Language as it Exists in the

Dorjeling and Sikim Hills, 1876 [pdf]

(GeDr) = George Dremin: Szkita-Szamarta nylevjárás és V.I. Abajev Szkita szótára [pdf]

(Glosbe-HZ) = Glosbe Burushaski-English Dictionary (online)

(GoCG) = Colman-Gabriel Gostony : Dictionnaire D'étymologie Sumérienne et Grammaire Comparée,

1975 [book]

(Goo) = Google

(GTE) = Google Translation Engine

(GyBu) = György Busztin : The Legacy of the Barang People: An exploration into the puzzling

similaritiesof the Hungarian and the Malay languages, 2006 [book]

(HaSi1) = Halfdan Siiger : The Lepchas: Culture and Religion of a Himalayan People (Part I), 1967 [book]

(HaSi2) = Halfdan Siiger, Jørgen Rischel : The Lepchas: Culture and Religion of a Himalayan People (Part

II), 1967 [book]

(HePl) = Helen Plaisier: A Grammar of Lepcha, 2007 [book]


16


(HePl2) = A Brief Introduction to Lepcha Orthography and Literature, Heleen Plaisier [pdf]

(HTV) = H. Te Velde : The Swallow as Herald of the Dawn in Ancient Egypt [pdf]

(IIpAr1) = Ipolyi Arnold : Magyar Mytologia [book]

(IM) = Ilona (Radics) Meagher : if noted w/row's main word, it is one that was constructed by me via

extrapolation

(IpAr2) = Ipolyi Arnold : Magyar Mytologia: A Hasonmás Kiadás Függelékei (Europa Könyvkiadó :

Budapest, 1987) [book]

(JaCh) = Col. James Churchwood : The Sacred Symbols of Mu, 1933 [pdf]

(JaHa) = James Halloran, Sumerian-English Lexicon [pdf]

(JaMa) = James A Matisoff : Toward a Eurasian Bestiary: (I) OTTER in Tibeto-Burman and Mon-Khmer;

(II) JACKAL in Sino-Tibetan and Indo-European, 2009 [pdf]

(JaSu) = Jackson T.-S. Sun: The linquistic position of Tani (Mirish) in Tibeto-Burman: A lexical assessment

[pdf]

(JoTa) = John Tan: On the Terms Concerning Longevity in Khitan and Jurchen Languages, 2012 [pdf]

(KaAr) = Kálnási Árpád : Debreceni Cívis Szótár, 2005 [pdf]

(KaSa) = Alice S. Kandell and Charlotte Y. Salisbury : Mountaintop Kingdom: Sikkim, [book]

(KCSKE) = Körösi Csoma Sándor Közművelődési Egyesület (various authors) : Körösi Csoma Sándor és

Magyar Keletkutatás, 2004 [book]

(KCsS) = Kőrösi Csoma Sándor : (various) Közlemények: Egy Összehasonlí tó Szógyüjtemény Töredéke

sanksrit, hindi és magyar nvelvekböl; Rövid glossarium a közleményekben gyarkrabban előforduló

nevek és szavak magyarázatával [all taken from dr. Duka Tivadar : Kőrösi Csoma Sándor Dolgozatai

(Magyar Tudományos Akadémia)], 1885 (reprint, 1984) [book, pdf]

(KeIs) = Kenesei István (szerkesztő) = A Nyelv és a Nyelvek, 1989 [book]

(KiGa) = Kiss Gábor : Régi magyar szavak magyarázó adatbázisa, 2012 [pdf]

(KiGa2) = Kiss Gábor : Szinonimák Rokon Értelmu Szavak Adatbázisa,

(KNE) = Kincses Nagy Éva : A csagatáj irodalmi nyelv mongol elemei, 2009

(LAW) = L.A. Weddell : Place and River Names in Sikhim, [pdf]

(LEED) = Lepcha-English Encyclopaedic Dictionary, K.P. Tamsang, 1981 [book]

(LeTo) = Charisma K. Lepcha and Davide Torri : Fieldwork in Dzongu: In Siiger’s Footsteps and Beyond

[pdf]

(MaAl) = Mario Alinei : Ősi Kapocs: A magyar-etruszk nyelvrokonság, 2005 [book]


17


(MaIs) = Mark Isaak, Flood Stories from Around the World at http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/flood-

myths.html (accessed 4/30/16)

(MEA) = Magyar Élettér Autóatlasz, Magyar Élettér Alapitvány, 2009 [book]

(MÉK) = Magyar Értelmező Kéziszótár, O. Nagy Gábor, Juhász József, Szőke István, etc. , 1978 [pdf]

(MEN) = Magyar Etimológiai Nagyszótár, Tótfalusi István [accessed online at szokincshalo.hu]

(MNT) = Magyar Nyelv Történeti Szótár : Szarvas Gabor/Simonyi Zsigmond, 1890 [pdf]

(MSS) = Magyar Szinonima-Szótár, Akadámiai Kiadó (edited by O. Nagy Gábor, Ruzsiczky Éva,

Budapest), 1978 [book]

(MTS) = Magyar Tájszótár, A Magyar Túdós Társaság, 1838 [pdf]

(NaSa) = Nagy Sándor : The Forgotten Cradle of Hungarian Culture, 1973

(NoEl) = Dr. Novotny Elemér : Sumer = Magyar, 1977 [book]

(NP) = Nyelvtudományi Pályamunkák, 1839

(OED) = Online Etymology Dictionary, http://www.etymonline.com/

(OsGa) = Osváth Gábor : Nyelvi érintkezés: európai kölcsönszók a kínaiban, koreaiban és japánban [pdf]

(PiJe) = Pintér Jenő : Magyar Nyelvvédő Könyv, 1938 [book]

(PoMi) = Podmaniczky Miklós : A Magyarság Őstörténete, Eredete, Nyelve, Helye a Kultúrák Világában

Szöveggyűjtemény, 2013

(PoSa) = Pongrácz Sándor

(PPI) = Perkupai Pető Imre: Szkita nyelvi emlékek [pdf]

(RaGé1) = Radics Géza : Eredetünk és Őshazánk [book]

(RKS1) = R.K. Sprigg : The Syllable Finals of Tibetan Loan Words in Lepcha Orthography, 1986 [pdf]

(RoPr) = Rosetta Project (swadesh lists) at archive.org

(SaAt) = Sántha Attila, Székely Szótár online at http://szekelymagyar.transindex.ro/

(SIBLAC) = Sikkim Bhutia Lepcha Apex Committee at http://www.siblac.org/

(SiTö) = Peter Siptár, Miklós Törkenczy : The Phonology of Hungarian, 2000 [book]

(STEDT) = University of California-Berkeley Language database http://stedt.berkeley.edu/

(STEDT-Matis) = STEDT Matisoff 87 database

(SzAt) = Szabó T. Attila : Anyanyelvünk Életéböl: Váloatott Tanulmányok Cikket, 1970 [pdf]

(SzKá) = Szily Kálmán : A Magyar Nyelvujitás Szotára: A Kedveltebb Képzók és Képzésmódok

Jegyzékeivel, 1902 [pdf]


18


(SzSi) = Gábor Szarvas and Simonyi Zsigmond, Nyelvtorteneti Szotar, 1890 [pdf]

(TaCh) = Tapan Chattopadhyay : Lepchas and their Heritage, 2013

(TeRa) = Tej Ram Sharma : Personal and Geographical Inscriptions in Gupta Inscriptions, 1978 [pdf]

(ToBr1) Alfred Tóth-Brunner Raetic : An Extinct Semitic Language in Central Europe, 2007 [pdf]

(Toth2) = Alfrfed Tóth : Hunnic-Hungarian Etymological Word List [pdf]

(Toth3) = Alfred Tóth : Sumerian, Hungarian and Mongolian (including Avaric) [pdf]

(Toth4) = Alfred Tóth: The Common Mesopotamian Substrate of Hungarian and Basque, 2007 [pdf]

(Toth5) = Alfred Tóth : Etruscans, Huns and Hungarians [pdf]

(Toth6) = Alfred Tóth : Hungarian-Mesopotamian Dictionary (HMD), 2007 [pdf]

(ToZs) = Tomory Zsuzsa : weebly.com

(Ucs) = Ucsiraltu : A hun nyelv szavai, 2008 [book]

(UMESz) = Új Magyar Etimológiai Szótár, Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, 2016 [first edition pdf from

official website of MTA at http://nszt.nytud.hu/etimologia.html]

(UmZi) Hiroshi Umemura, Peter Zieme: A Further Fragment of the Old Uighur Qianziwen

(VaCs1) = Varga Csaba: Ógörög: Régies Csángó Nyelv, 2006 [book]

(VaCs2) = Varga Csaba: The Living Language of the Stone Age: The 'proto-nostratic' language of

prehistoric times, 2003 [book]

(VaCs3) = Varga Csaba : Our Words from the Past, 2010 [book]

(VaCs5) = Varga Csaba : HAR avagy Európa 45.000 éves szellemi és nyelvi öröksége I., 2004 [book]

(VaCs6) = Varga Csaba : A Magyar Szókincs Titka, 2005 [book]

(VaCs7) = Varga Csaba: Szóértelmező Szótörténeti Szótár, 2013 [book]

(VeJo) = Végh József : A Békési Népnyelv Névszótövei [pdf]

(Wad1) = L.A. Waddell : Place and River-Names in the Darjíling District and Sikhim, 1892 [pdf]

(WIKI) = Wikipedia.com

(WIKT) = Wiktionary.org

(WiSz) = Wikiszótár at http://wikiszotar.hu/

(YiDo) = Yishey Doma : Legends of the Lepchas: Folk Tales from Sikkim, 2010

(ZaGa) = Zaicz Gábor: ETIMOLÓGIAI SZÓTÁR, 2006 [pdf]

(ZsSa) = Nemesdedinai Zsuffa Sándor : A Magyar Nyelv Nyelvrokonságai, 1942


19


Magyar-Róng Forditások


20


A-Á

-abb, -ebb, -obb, -öbb

(adj) (viszonylag) több

(comparatively) more

bă, bá

(adj) bőséges; számos be abundant; numerous; (n)

nagyobbítás, tisztelet, dicséret, csodálat, értékelés,

méltóság magnification, respect, commendation, admiration,

estimation, dignity

bá-t

(v) gyárt, nagyított, többszörösített; növekszik, dagad

(mint a rizsa amikor fő); növekedés, nagyszerűség, érdem,

érték, tulajdonság, fejlesztés to be produced, magnified,

multiplied; to increase, to swell (as rice in boiling); (n) increase,

magnificence, merit, worth, property, development

abajgat

(v) piszkál to pester, chase

▪dryák

(v) űz, üldöz to pursue, chase

ablak

(n) lyuk window

aj, áj

(n) fissure, slit, ravine, valley

ajak

(n) lip ● ajkú -lipped, -speaking

ajtó

(n) door

ók, ▪ʔok

(v) nyit (ajtót, ajkat, akármit) to open (as door, mouth or anything)

ók di

(v) kinyílik to come open

a-ók, a-ók mlo

(n) nyitó, vagy vmi amivel nyitunk an opener or something to open with

▪ʔángpur

(n) alagút, lyuk a tunnel, opening

◦aayet

(n, v) leereszkedés, csökkenő; átjáró vagy levezető lépcső; akármi

haladás, bármilyen mértékű vagy állapoti magasagra vagy

mélységre descent, descending; passage or stairway leading down; any

passing from higher or lower in degree or state

ábrázol

(v) jelöl, leír, ecsetel to

represent, depict, describe

▪ʔábryáng

(n) név name


21


ács, (arc) álcs, álcsi

(n) asztalos, famegmunkálás

carpenter, joiner, carpentry; (obs

root) csodálatos állapot vagy

helyzet wondrous state or

condition (CzF) ● ácsok carpenters

● ácsol to build, carpenter ●

szög nail <used in joining>

barkácsol to tinker ● szakács

cook, chef <joiner of ingredients>

šok, šuk

(v) akármi megosztott vagy különálló végét egybe csatlakozni to join

ends together, as anything divided or separate

a-šok

(n) akármi összekapcsolása the joining of anything

bar

(n) akárminek közepe, pl. évnek the middle of anything; e.g. year

bar-ka ťí

(v) elérni az év közepét to have reached the middle (of the year)

ácsorg, ácsorog

(v) lézeng lounge, stand (about)

díng

(v) áll to stand

ad

(v) to give, provide, administer,

allot, allow, bestow, extend, gift,

give forth, grant, inflict

adom

I give (it) ● át adom to give (it)

over (to smb/smg) ● adó tax;

giver ● adóm my tax; my giver

-mány

(def) added to a verb to form a

noun indicating result of action

adomány

(n) donation, contribution, gift,

benefaction, grant; <(lit) the

result of my gift: Adam?>

ádám

(pn) Adam (first man God

created in Abrahamic texts)

Ádámik ✘

*toṅ

(v) elengedni, felhatalmaz ; adni, ajándékozni ; büntetés, kárpótlás

ember levágásra to let go, depute; to give, bestow; a fine, a compensation

for man's slaughter <^atone^>

á-dom bo (GBM)

(v) néked adja give thee

▪bo~bón

(v) adni to give

mán, a-mán

(n) hús, testi hús flesh, meat; the flesh of body

A-thiṅ (RNT) <n⇔l Attila>

(n) lord, ‘férfi’ legelismertebb kifejezése lord; most respected term for a

man

*de9, de-mik

(n) kulcs key


22


ág /ˈaːɡ/

(n) branch

a-gri

(n) száraz gally dry twig of tree

agancs /ˈɒɡɒntʃ/

(n) antler(s), forest, grove, horn,

timber, woodland

róṅ, ă-róṅ

(n) szarv, agancs horn, antlers

a-nŭṅ

(n) agancs ága, fa kereszt - ág a branch of antler, a cross-branch of tree

agg /ˈɒɡː/

(n) (very) old man, aged ●

aggkor old age ●

aggodalom worry, anguish,

alarm, fear

gán

(adj) öreg , idős old, aged

gán lât

(n) öregség, idős kor oldness, old age

agy /ˈɒɟ/

(n) brain ● agyak brains

agyam

(phr) my brain

esztok

(n) (reg-Székely) skull (CzF)

tok ☐

(n) sturgeon, boll, capsule, case,

casing, holder, holster, husk, pod,

sheath, skin, socket

tök(fej)

(sla) head, skull

tökít

(v) (reg-Tisza) hide smg

tök pohár

(n) gourd/skull cup

a-ťyak

(n) a fej the head

▪a-t'yak yón

(n) az agy the brain

*ťok

(n) koponya skull

tok

(n) a legmagasabb pont, magas , nagy the highest point, high, great

ťyok

(n) fej head

ťok-ṕor, ťyak-ṕor

(n) emberi koponyábol alakitot pohár cup made from a human skull


23


agyak, agyag

(n) clay, argil, loam, potter, earth;

terracotta

dam

(n) sár mud

dam-šók

(n) sár, agyag mud, clay

áhít

(n) wish, piety ● áhítoz|ik to

desire (smg); long, yearn, crave

(mind: for smg) ● áhítat awe,

piety, devotion(s), prayer(s) ●

áhítatos ardent, devotional,

fervent, religious, reverent,

reverential ● áhítoz|ik to be avid,

thirst, yearn ● áhítozás thirst,

longing ● áhítatosság godliness,

piety, pietism

áhítattal reverently, awfully

hit ☐ /ˈhit/

(n) belief, faith, creed, religion,

affiance, conviction, credence,

persuasion, trust; id (obs) sacred,

holy, saint (PoMi)

gát /ˈɡaːt/ <^God^>

dam, dike/dyke, embankment,

levee, fence(s), hurdle, barrier,

corrals, pen, rampart, seal,

stumbling-block, traverse

áhító <♬ ajtó>

(adj) hungry <for God>

ajtó <♬ áhító>

(n) door, gate <Istenre éhes =

mennyei ajtó ? hungry for God =

door to Heaven>

ájtatos

(adj) devout, pious ● ájtatosság

adoration, worship, prayer,

prayer-meeting ● ájtatoskod|ik

(v) to say one's prayers, be at

one's devotions

gat

(v) vágy, kíván, akar, kedvel, szeretetre méltó, szeret, beleegyezik,

kel, elégedett, igényel, szükséges, nagyon fontos, nélkülözhetetlen,

alkalmaz; to desire, wish for, want, like, be aggreable to, love, be pleased

with, require, be necesary, be essential to, have occassion for <hit = belief,

faith, creed>

rumfát

(n) imádat worship <rum = Isten God>

hyit

(n) halál után, az ember színezet megváltozása halhatatlan

szellemre the change after death of the shade of man to an immortal spirit

hŭt

(v) ujjong az örömtől to shout, as for joy

hyŭt

(adj) egymáshoz kapcsolva, tiszta mint az ezüst joined together, pure

as silver

gat-bo

(n) egy vágyó; ami jóváhagyott a vággyal kapcsolatba a desirer;

what is approved of the thing wished for

▪ ángpur

(n) alagút , lyuk a tunnel, opening


24


óhajt

(n) desire, wish, want, covet,

hope, like, will

óhajtó

(n) optative (def) verb mood

expressing a wish, if only

óhatatlan

(adj) inevitable

aj!

(exc) oh!

ájulás

(v) faint(ing), swoon, sycope,

collapse, coma(tose), tremor <due

to miracle?>

ájtatos

(adj) religious, devotional,

devout, docile, godly, pious(ly),

prayerful, submissive, pi

ájó

(n) mark in the form of a half-

moon in the ear of cattle <félhold

= lelki jelkép, crescent = a spiritual

symbol>

a-yo

(n) rémületes felkiáltás exclamation of fright

◦aayoong

(n) üvöltve : hosszú, elhúzódó , gyászos sír, mint kutya, farkas

howling: long, prolonged, mournful cry, as dog, wolf

àyŭl, íl

(v) szárít, melegít, sül, pirít <hő miatt elájul ?> to dry, heat, parch, roast,

toast <faint from heat?>

◦aarat

(adj) jószívű, kedves, jó természetű, szimpatikus < szó ezt is jelenti:

arat, betakarítás > having or showing a kind heart, kindly, good-natured,

sympathetic <word also means arat harvest>

ajánl ☐ /ˈɒjaːnl/

(v) to offer, commend, bid,

dedicate, proffer, put up

ajándék ☐ /ˈɒjaːndeːk/

(n) gift, present, benediction,

donation, gratuity, offering,

presentation, testimonial

ajánlatos

*yán

(n) papnak díj, ajándék, könyöradomány a fee, present, gift, alms to

priest

yán, a-yán

(n) egy fiatal maghüvely vagy gyümölcs <első termés?> a young pod or

fruit <first fruits?>

yán-tán

(n) készség, művészet, tudomány, jó minőségű skill, art, science, good

quality

gat-mă-o


25


(adj) advisable, expedient

ajazni

(v) to distend, stretch out ▶von

(adj) célszerű , szükséges it is expedient, necessary <gat = hit = faith>

yán

(v) hosszú, elhúzódó; lógó to be long, protracted; pendulous

ak

(pos root) belehatol the

touching/hitting of one body with

another (CzF)

akna

(n) (land) mine, shaft, tunnel, pit,

well, gallery, sink

akadály

(n) obstacle

◦hok

(v) lyukat vagy lyukakat tenni vagy behajtani vmibe, alagútat

fúrni, stb., testbe vagy anyagba üreget tenni kívüli áthaladásal vagy

anélkül, kibányászni anyagot; (le)hámozni, lapáttal kiüríteni; hálót

alakítani to make a hole or holes in, put or drive into a hole, bore a tunnel,

etc., make a hollow within a body or in a substance with or without a

passage outside, make a hole made by digging out or removing material; to

shell, husk, scoop out with ladle; to make a net

▪hong

(adj) üres hollow

a-gok a-tyăt

(n) akadály obstacle

akár /ˈɒkaːr/

(conj) whether, intend, even

iker

(n) twin

csomó

(n) bunch, abundance

chó

(n) páros szám, pár even number, pair, couple <chó also = csatol

unite/join >

akol

(n) (sheep-)fold, pen, kraal; (reg-

Szamoshati) hodály, hodái

lŭk byó (rev ←)

(n) akol fold

ákom-bákom

(n) squiggle-scrawl; maybe re: to

ákom-bököm (ököm-bököm)

meaning szúrom I stab

szurkálom, I prod (CzF)

a-kum

(n) akárminek kerete vagy szegélye frame or edging of anything

kum

(v) kerekessen kötődni mint karikával, megövezni to bind round as

with hoop, to gird round


26


kum-bo

(n) karika, kör alakú kötelező, öv a hoop, a circular binding, a girdle

băk-ḱyŭm

(n) utazók számára ház a house for travellers

al-

(adv, prep) under, underpart;

sub-, under-; vice-, deputy-

alom

(n) bedding, litter for animals

alá

(adv) below, beneath, under ●

alám <going> under me ● alól

under ● alólam from under me

alap

(n) base, bedrock, foundation,

bottom, cause, ground, principle,

root, substratum, substructure

alantas

(adj) inferior, low, menial

alatt

(adv) under, below, beneath,

underneath, during, in, pending,

through ▶hull

alacsony /ˈɒlɒtʃoɲ/

(adj) short, low, lowly, brief,

humble, low-down, small, shallow

alag-

(adv) under-, lower ● alagút

tunnel

alsó

(n) under(neath), bottom, down,

knave, low(er), nether, jack, page

● ez alul under this ● alulra

below, down, downward(s)

lon, a-lon

(adv) mögött, miután behind, after

▪me-

(adv) odalent down there

▪melom

(adv) mint odalent like that down there

a-help

(adj) alsó lower

lon tsóm

(v) hátrahagyott, alantas, kevés to be left behind, be inferior, be short of

a-hlat

(n) halott levelek amik fákról leestek, hulladék dead leaves that have

fallen from trees <underneath>

măl, măl-lă măl-lă

(adj) nagyon kicsi, kutyára mondják very small, said of dogs

▪ʔángpur

(n) alagút , lyuk a tunnel, opening

a-č'u \ ▪ʔáchú

(adv) ebbe az irányba, ott lent \ ez itt lent, alul in this direction, down

there \ this down here, this down below

a-č'un \ ▪ʔácún


27


(adj) alacsony, az alsó rész vagy oldala\ alatt, lejjebb, alatta low, the

lower part or side \ below, lower down, beneath

alávon /ˈɒlaːvon/

(v) draw/drag down

lă-vo nyer /la-ˈvoɲe~ɛr/

(adj) a hold apadása the wane of the moon

áld /ˈaːld/

(v) to bless, blessed

áldjon!

(imp) bless! ● Áldjon ég! (arc

sal) Heaven bless you!; (mus)

Liszt Ferenc/Franz Liszt

composition; (syn) áldjon az ég,

ég áldjon common greeting (ToZs)

● áldjon meg (az Isten) (sal)

God bless you ● áldja meg (az

Isten) God bless you

áldomás

(arc) blessing; pledge (a drinking

toast), feast

adjon (az Isten) may (God) give

ács, álcs (arc) wonder; (syn)

ámul (CzF)

ácsul to work as a carpenter

(join/build things); (arc)

masterfully <wonderfully> (CzF)

⚑ Ácsa falu Somogy

megyében; Acsa faluk Fehér,

Pest és Somogy megyékben;

puszta Csanádban. ◷ Régi

oklevelekben Achya (CzF)

Áldalak!

(say) I bless you!

a-cu-le \ aachuley \ A-chu-lé!

(exc) öröm kifejezés: bravó! dicséretre is alkalmazott < A-chu-lé!

“O, Öröm!” nagyon régi pentaton skála szerinti Róng dal. Sir

Sourindro Mohun Tagore :" ... bár ez megfigyelhető a skót

balladákban, ezt a skálát (még mindig) a kínai, japán és sziámi közt

használják> an expression of joy: bravo! used also for praise <A-chu-lé! O,

Joy! Lepcha song still showing "traces of the very old pentatonic

scale, Sir Sourindro Mohun Tagore: ...'though it is observable in

Scotch ballads, it is the scale (still) in use among the Chinese,

Japanese and Siamese'" >

rŭm-ka a-cu-le mat

(exc) Istennek dicséretet adni to give praise to God <rŭm-ka = uramnak

= to God>

cu

(n) erő, hatalom power, might <csúcs>

a-cu

(adv) ebben az irányban, ott lent in this direction, down there


28


alkot /ˈɒlkot/

(v) to create, make (up), bear,

produce, generate, compose,

constitute, frame, give birth,

mint, shape, span

alkotás /ˈɒlkotaːʃ/

(n) creation, artwork, coinage,

composition, constitution,

generation, work, invention

alak ☐ /ˈɒlɒk/

(n) figure, shape, form, build,

aspect, character, fellow, format,

size, stature, structure

alakít /ˈɒlɒkiːt/

(v) to construct, represent, act,

build, constitute, craft, create,

develop, fashion, form, make,

model, mold, personate, play,

portray, put up, set up, shape

alkalmaz /ˈɒlkɒlmɒz/

(v) to employ, use, make use of,

apply, hire, adopt, assign, put

into practice, take, utilise

alkalmas

(adj) suitable, advantageous, apt,

able, applicable, fitting, handy, of

use, right, useful, able, fit,

favourable, good, proper

àyok

(n) 1) alkotás, tevékenység work, action; 2) előny, alkalmazás;

advantage, use 3) okozat effects, consequences

▪ʔá kâ

(n) a kéz the hand

▪ʔít

(v) alkot, készíteni to create

▪ʔáʔít

(n) eredet, teremtés origin, creation

▪ʔá gek

(n) születés birth

àyok-să mlo

(n) hasznos tárgy/dolog a useful thing

áll1

(v) to stand, be erect(ed), hold,

persist, endure ● kiáll

(v) to stand, bear, endure,

weather ● állandóan

(adv) enduringly

álló

lă

(v) képes legyen elviselni, támogatni, eltűrni, szenvedni,

beletörődni , egyenlőnek lenni to be able to bear, support, endure,

tolerate, suffer, put up with, be equal to

lă-bo

(adj) képes birni, vagy elviselni (one) able to bear or to endure


29


(n) erect, fixed, immobile,

standing, stationary; (lit) one

(that is) standing

áll2

chin, mentum, jaw

kiállás front, standing-out

▪ʔákíng

(n) elülső, homlok front

állatövi jegy

(n) zodiac, sky's belt-like region

tă-lyaṅ ḱyŭm

(n) állatövi jegy(ek) <(lit) ‘a magaslatot hely’ háza; táv landa kunyhó?>

the signs of the zodiac <(lit) 'the high place' house>

<⚑ Po Lin monstary (eredeti neve: A Nagy Kunyhó original name: The

Big Hut ), Lantau island, Hong Kong, China » állatöv-keritett óriási

Buddha szobor w/zodiac-ringed giant Buddha>

alma

(n) apple

gránátalma

(n) pomegranate

⚑ Lipót Győr-Moson-Sopron

megye county

*lí7

(n) az alma the apple (Mainwaring); a vad Himalájai körte, őshonos

dél ázsiai gyümölcstermő fa Pyrus pashia (Pyrus nepalensis) the wild

Himalayan pear (Watt), fruit bearing tree native to S Asia (aka) batangi

(Urdu), tangi (Kashmir), mahal mol (Hindi) and passi (Nepal)

<maracuja passion fruit?>

lí-kuṅ

(n) indica <(aka) Docynia indica, Docynia griffithiana Decaisne,

Eriolobus indicus, assam alma assam apple, almatermésűek pome

fruit, Tong, Tong shing, Mel, Mehel, Thungchurpu, Thung Kakpa;

örökzöld/félig örökzöld virágzó fák a genus of evergreen/semi-

evergreen flowering trees, (fam) Rosaceae; (hab) Nyílt helyen 2000

méter magasságokban Open places to 2000 meter elevations in Nepal,

Sikkim and Bhutan>, Cydonia indica (Watt)

lí-pót

(n) egy alma an apple

álnok

(adj) deceitful, false

lŭk

(v) hamisnak lenni, megtéveszteni to play false, deceive

a-lŭk

(n) a megtévesztés a deceit


30


álom /ˈɒlom/

(n) dream, daydream, sleep,

slumber

nal-lóm

(n) (megtisztelő) egy álom (honorific) a dream

ampulla

(n) ampule, vial, bulb, sac, vesicle

● ampullagömb ball

jít šim-pŭm

(n) a hólyag the bladder <jít = vizelet urine >

angyal

(n) angel, cherub, cherubim

angyalok

(n) angels

andalog

(v) to go about dreamily,

stargaze, drift away, muse;

(arc) indulge in daydreams

andalít /ˈɒndɒliːt/

(v) to enchant ● andalító

enchanting, sweet, lulling,

soothing ● andalodik to be

awestruck (UMESz)

Andizetes, Andisetes

Ἀνδιζήτιοι [HE]

(pn) small Illyrian tribe, lived in

present-day Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Not much known about them;

listed by ancient Romans among

Illyrian tribes; put up a heroic

resistance during the Great

Illyrian Revolt for freedom.

Personal names of Andes,

Andis popular among the

Illyrians of S Pannonia and N

ăṅ

(v) dicsőségesnek lenni to be glorious; (n) kápráztató, ragyogás,

dicsőség dazzle, splendour, glory

*gyal, gye

(v) nyerni, győzelmet szerezni, meghódítani, legyőzni, leküzd to

win, gain victory, conquer, vanquish, overcome

ăṅ-ăṅ, ăṅ-ṅă ăṅ-ṅă

(adj) fényes, káprázatos, csillogó bright, dazzling, sparkling

aṅ-gă

(n) child of a great man, a young gentleman or lady

gyál

(v) to vanish

a-gyăl

(adj) safe

a-gyăn, a-gyăn-so

(n) miracle, wonder, supernatural event, marvel, thaumaturgy, used

also in sense of eventuality


31


Dalmatia derived from the name

of this tribe. (WIKI)

annak /ˈɒnːɒk/

(pro) it, of that, to/for that ●

annak ellenére all the same,

nevertheless, nonetheless,

notwithstanding, despite

yaṅ-lă

(conj) but, however, whereas, nevertheless, howbeit, notwithstanding

annyi /ˈɒɲːi/

(adv) as/that much, so

many/much

annyi számtan(IM) (lit) so much

math(ematics) <to study?>

*aṅ-gi

(n) figures, numerals

aṅ-gi-să yán-tán

(n) the science of numbers, arithmetic <-să = regarding; yán-tán = skill, art,

science, good quality>

anya, mama

(n) mother ● anyú, anyuka

ma, mam(my), mom(my),

mum(my) ● anyja [his/her/its]

mother

anyó, anyóka granny ● anyós

mother-in-law

nagyanya, nagymama, tata,

mama grandmother; mami,

nagyi grandmommy

mo, a-mo \ ▪ʔámú

(n) mother

a-nyen

(adj) gentle, mild

a-nyo

(n) a lady, gentle-woman, Main.: a queen W. 60

yŭ, a-yŭ; 'ayŭ, tă-'ayŭ

(n) a wife, female, woman

▪munjú

(n) grandmother

anyag

(n) matter, material(s),

sustance, fabric, body, theme

*gyu

(n) matter, substance, material; money, wealth

gyŭn

(v) [obscure] to become rigid <merev angular>


32


anyatej

(n) mother's milk, breast milk

▪nyín

(n) milk

apa, apó, apu, édesapa

(n) father

apuka, apuci

(n) daddy, pop

⚑ Opoudi 1055: helynév; Opsa

1208: személynév (UMESz)

⚑ Aba town (near

Székesfehérvár)

apum

(n) my father

nagyapa, nagypapa, papa,

öregapa

(n) grandfather papi, nagyi

grandaddy ● dédapa,

dédpapa, dédnagyapa great-

grandfather● dédi great-

grandaddy ● ükapa, ükpapa

great-great-grandfather

bo, a-bo \ ▪ʔábo

(n) father

▪-bo

(n) father, uncastrated male parent animal

bŭ, a-bŭ

(n) the superior, the upper part of anything, the first beginning of an

undertaking

pum

(v) to proceed from, emanate, issue from, be the origin

pum, a-pum

(n) the chief sprout of plants

▪bojo

(n) grandfather

▪thikúng

(n) great-grandfather <thík = köt tie>

ápol ☐

(v) to take care of, nurse (incl.

breast-feed/suckle), (at)tend,

cultivate, cure, groom ◷ 1372:

apolya (UMESz)

abál

(reg-Székely) soft, delicate,

emotional lágy, gyöngéd,

érzelemben mereng

háp

(v) sopni to suck

ta-pán, ta-mel

(n) lovász <vki aki másra gondozik> a groom, a horsekeeper <smb who cares

for another>


33


ápor

(pos root) heavy/bad (smell) (VaCs1) ● áporodott airless, stale,

frowsy

pór

(v) rossz szagú, pl. a hónalj , a gyermek számára, ha mosatlan, stb.

to smell offensively, applied to the smell of armpits, etc., also of babies when

unwashed

a-pór (IM)

<(adj) büdös smelly <a- as prefix creates adjectives of verbal roots>

apró /ˈɒproː/

(adj) tiny, wee, minute, baby,

diminutive, lilliputian, fine, nice,

slight, small, little, mini(scule)

póṅ3, a-póṅ

(n) a small piece (as of cloth, etc.), scrap, crumb

pót

(v) to fructify, bear fruit, vegetate, give advantage, multiply ▶pót

ŭm-pa

(phr) it is nice <Umpa Lumpa, Oompa Loompa (def) Willie Wonka and the

Chocolate Factory character: short tree-dwelling being, possibly desendents

of leprechauns, from Lumpa land=Arpó Lumpa?>

ŭm1

(v) to be nice, savory, delicious, agreeable to taste or feelings

ár1

(n) flood ● áram

(n) current, electricity, flush,

flux, juice, power, stream

áraszt

(n) deluge, flood, pour (out),

drown, engulf, crowd, fill, flush,

gush out, inundate, invade,

overflow, overrun, overspread,

overwhelm, rain, sluice, swamp

● elárasztás (n) flooding,

inundation

árad

(v) flood, radiate ● áradat

torrent, abundance, flood; flock ●

Ararát Mount Ararat, btwn

Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan,

Iran (Genesis 8:4) Noah's Ark

landed on the "mountains of

Ararat" after The Flood. (WIKI)

◦aaraam

(n) beginning, origin, source, start

tsót

(v) to inundate, to flood, to delluge; (n) inundation

◦aaraat

(n) Tibeti, vagy Tibet lakói, nyelvükkel vonatkozó; szó szerint: a

pusztító, a fosztogató Tibetan: of or pertaining to Tibet, its inhabitants

and their language; literally, the destroyer, the plunderer <Lepcha have a

tale of The Flood (and Tower of Babel); satanist Aleister Crowley

also attempted to sumit Kanchenjunga in 1905>


34


árong

(obs) gush, outpouring (as spread

over/through via air, water, or

other matter, esp by fluid motion

or passive means; (syn) áradoz (CzF)

róṅ, răṅ

(ppn) a Lepcha <Róng>, (aka) mo tŭn či róṅ; (n) ravine <Lepcha is said

to mean 'vile-sounding speech' lepcses ; Tower of Babel babbling?>

ríṅ, a-ríṅ \ ◦aaring

(n) language: voice, sound, the note of animals, birds, the sound of

trumpet, etc. <sounds that carry/spread from source>

ár2

(n) price; article of trade,

commodity

árul

(v) sell, vend, market, sold; (syn)

elad, elárul, áruba bocsát

eladó /ˈɛlɒdoː/

(n) seller, salesperson, vendor; for

sale, on sale

a-far

(n) price

▪ʔul

(v) to sell

▪ʔulbú

(n) salesman, seller

arany /ˈɒraːɲ/

(adj) gold(en), or (of yellow or

gold tincture on a coat of arms),

lass, yellow metal, ratio ●

aranyalalp gold standard ●

aranyember good soul; (lit) gold

man ● aranyigazság an eternal

truth; golden truth ●

aranymondás wise/golden

saying ● aranyszabály golden

rule ● aranyló shimmering,

glittering like gold ● aranyos

golden, gilt, gilded; charming,

dear, sweet, darling, lovely

árny ☐ /ˈaːrɲ/

(n) shadow, shade, ghost,

phantasm, simulacrum ▶apró

àyŭm

(v) 1) lenni to be; 2) ez így van, természetesen , minden kétséget

kizáróan it is so, certainly, without doubt; 3) dicsőségesnek lenni to be

glorious; 4) árnyék shadow

▪ʔápíl

(n) árnyék shadow <^apparition^, ^umbrella^>


35


arat /ˈaːrɒt/

(v) to harvest, reap, crop, mow ●

aratás /ˈɒrɒtaːʃ/ harvest(ing),

reaping, crop, principal felling,

harvest cutting

◦aarat

(v) levesz, széthúzással eltávolítja vagy szétszedi; az ami elvett

taking down, removing by pulling apart or taking apart; (n) that which is

taken

árbóc, árboc /ˈaːrbots/

(n) mast, pole, spar ●

árboc(szalag) pennant, flag

árboc fejt(IM)

(v) (árbocszalagot kifejteni)

unfurl a pennant/flag

tarcsvitorla

(n) staysail (a triangular fore-

and-aft sail extended on a stay)

*tar-čok

(n) zászló flag

tar-čok fót

(v) zászlót kibontani, kigöngyölni to unfurl a flag

asszony

(n) wife, a married woman

▪ʔáyu

(n) feleség, férjhez házasságban csatlakozva nő wife, woman joined

in marriage to a husband

át

(adv) through, across, by, over,

via ● át- through, across

átível

(v) overarch, span

átlát

(v) see-through ● átlátsz (one)

see(s) through/across ●

atlasz atlas <'see' across the

entire world>

átlát a szitán (idiomatic,

colloquial) to know what someone

is up to, clearly see someone's

game, see through it; (lit) see

through the screen

vát

(v) to span round (as with hand), grasp, meet round (as girdle, band,

etc.), circumvent, encompass, environ, embrace (corporally or

mentally), accompish

a-tel

(n) the end, the extremity, the horizon

a-tel lyaṅ

(n) the land confines of a country; the frontier

bat

(adv) straight across, right across

bat-lă

(adv) across

bat-lă ťo


36


átcsap

(v) cut across/through, pursue,

chase

(v) to put evenly across

(kuṅ) bat-lă ć’ít

(v) to split (tree) evenly

átlyuggat

(n) honeycomb

a-fyŭ

(v) the cell in a honecomb <fyŭ = vessel/fazék, lyúk>

vót fyŭ

(n) cells of honey; any depression

atya

(n) father, begetter, governor

Atya

(pn) The Father (God, father of

Creation)

Atyánk, Miatyánk

Our Father

Arany Atyácska

Golden Father

Atyám

My Father

◷ 1181: Atta apa; 1200: Ata

{u.a.}; 1213: Achya helynév;

1213: Agya; 13. sz. e.: atia apa;

1372: attyaya pap, szerzetes,

vezető, ős, köztiszteletben álló

személy, atyaisten,

kezdeményező; attẏaÿ atyai;

1711: atyáskodik atyáskodni;

1788: atyus Atyus

a-tă, a-tá

(adj) solitary, lonely

ăt

(v) to generate, copulate

A-thiṅ (RNT)

(n) lord; most respected term for a man

a-tím

(adj) great, large, important, weighty

a-tím-ka ši

(v) to admire


37


atyafi

(n) relative

a-ťól

(adj) near, said of place or time; (n) relationship

nŭm-nŭ a-ťyeṅ

(n) near relationship

az /ˈɒz/

(pro, adv) that, the, it, that one,

she, he, the one who, very, what,

which; ◷ oz (arc-HB 1195) ki

nopun emdül oz gyimilcstül

azon

(adv) (az oldalon) on that side

o-re

(pro) that

▪ʔopín

(adv) that on the other side

o-bon

(adv) on that side, on the other side

a-č'un

(adv) low, the lower part or side

aznap /ˈɒznɒp/

(adv) that day, the same day, on

that day

▪ʔotshóng

(adv) that day

azonnal /ˈɒzonːɒl/

(adv) immediately, at once,

directly, forthwith, now, like a

shot, just, straight(away),

promptly, therewith

azonban /ˈɒzombɒn/

(conj) however, but, after all,

nevertheless, at the same time

a-naṅ

(adj) straight

a-naṅ kál

(n) an earpick; straightforward, upright, impartial, just, even, candid

yaṅ-lă


azonos /ˈɒzonoʃ/

(adv) identical, same, identic,

equal (to), equivalent, one

▪dryándo

(adv) equal to


38


azóta

(adv) for, from, since (then), ever

since, thence

ăya o-ťa

(adv) in those former times

azután /ˈɒzutaːn/

(adv) afterward(s), next, then, so,

thus, thereupon, after, later

azutáni

(adv) subsequent, following

o-re-nŭn

(adv) from that, then, after

o-re-nŭn găṅ

(adv) after that, afterwards

B, b

-ba, -be

(adv) in, into, to

-ban, -ben

(adv) inside, in, at; under,

inboard

ba

(suf) 1) in comp. "place," "direction," "where," "there;" 2) expresses

"time," expresses "when" (past); 3) by means of, "thro[ugh]," by

reason of; 4) a verbal particle expresses a past indefinite in subject of

Sanskrit absolutive; 5) often used in songs, merely an expletion and

redundant, used to fill up the measure

ban, băn

(instransative) affixed to verbs forms a past participle

bar, a-bar

(n) the middle of anything, the half

▪-báng

(num) half of <e.g. kettö two + -be into = kettőbe into two>

bádog ☐

(n) tin, sheet (metal), metal

plate; ◷ badak (arc:1329) (UMESs)

*ša-ka

(n) white metal, tin


39


bagoly ☐

(n) owl

*wuk-po

(n) owl

bal

(adj) left ● balkezes left-handed,

clumsy, awkward, blundering,

maladroit

balsors

(n) adversity, bad luck, calamity,

ill luck, misfortune, mishap ●

balszerencse bad luck, jinx,

deuce, hard luck, setback

balsejtelem

(n) presentiment, misgiving

baljós

(adj) disastrous, ominous, ill-

omened, bodeful, inauspicious,

portentous, sinister, sullen ●

baljóslatú ominous, baleful, ill-

omened, sinister, unlucky

baleset accident, mishap ●

ballépés amiss, trip ● balítélet

misjudgment, prejudice ●

balsiker failure, flop,

miscarriage, wash-out ● balul

amiss● balul végződik goes to

the dogs, (lit) ends to/on the left

balgatag

(n) fool(ish) ● balek chump,

sucker, dupe, mug, sap, gull,

simp(leton), patsy (taken

advantage of), pigeon, lamb,

pushover ● balkazes simpleton

● balfácán twit, jerk, muff, sap

▶ véletlen

bal

(v) megismételni, ismétlés, megkettőzni; hajolni , lejtőn le, lefelé

lógni ugy mint a gyenge, beteges to repeat, make repetition,

reduplicate, recur; to bend, slope down; to hang down slopingly, hence to be

weak, infirm

▪vi-m

(n) bal left

*ba-tsó

(adj) titkos vagy nem tiszta gyökér vagy a származás fattyú; korcs,

bázis született, hamis , törvénytelen a clandestine or impure root or

origin; a bastard; mongrel, baseborn, spurious, illegitimate


40


balta

(n) ax(e), hatchet, bill

◦balaa

(n) lándzsa, hegyes kétélű fém fejű hosszú nyelű fegyver sertés

vágásra, stb., hosszú botű fegyver szúrásra vagy dobásra, vasból

vagy acélból rögzített éles fejjel a spear; lance, long-shafted weapon with

sharp pointed two-edged metal head for killing pigs, etc., weapon for

thrusting or throwing with a long wooden staff with a fixed sharp head of

iron or steel (LEED)

bán1 ☐

(v) to regret, be sorry for, repent

bánt ☐

(v) to hurt, harm, trouble, cause

sorrow, offend, aggrieve, ail,

annoy, distress, injure, jar,

maltreat, outrage, vex, chagrin

banya

(n) harridan (vicious, scolding

esp older woman), hag, witch,

shrew, virago, crone

ban

(n) 1) a kés (bármilyen fajta) , egy Róng kése (mindig hordott egy

hosszú kést nyitott köpeny saját oldalán ; a legfontosabb és

legértékesebb árucikkük, 2) penge 1) a knife (of any description),

the Lepcha knife (L's always wore a long knife in open sheath at their

side; their most important and valuable article; 2) a blade

sŭṅ-ban

(n) nyíl horgas vége barb of an arrow

ba-mo (muṅ)

(n) egy női démon, egy emberevő óriásnő, boszorkány a female

demon, an ogress, witch

boṅ-yo

(n) átok, átkozódás, átokká felmondás a curse, malediction,

imprecation, execration, denunciation

bán2

(n) ban, official title used in

many central, SE Europe states

boṅ ťíṅ

(n) dalnok, pap, ördögűző a bard, priest, exorciser <szertartásoknak

lelki vezetője; kíséri a muṅot the spiritual leader at ceremonies;

accompanied by a muṅ>

barangol

(v) to wander, roam, rove,

mosey, range, saunter, scour

barangolás

(adj) wandering, roaming

barangoló

(n) roaming, roamer

bal

(v) megismételni, ismétlés, megkettőzni; hajolni , lejtőn le, lefelé

lógni ugy mint a gyenge, beteges to repeat, make repetition, reduplicate,

recur; to bend, slope down; to hang down slopingly, hence to be weak, infirm

bal lŭṅ lí

(v) ismételni to repeat

bal lŭṅ lóm

(v) járni, gyalogolni oda-visza, utazni to perambulate, walk to and fro, to

make trips


41


bárány

(n) lamb <bír-ány(IM) patient?;

Lepcha root lŭk lamb = to die a

sheep's death, patiently

bár-ány(IM)

Jesus, the lamb of God?

<bar bél belly; bár bír bear, able to

hold much + -ány name-forming

suffix névképző>

bari(ka)

(n) lambkin, little lamb

birka

(n) sheep <(lit) bír to bear + -ka

forms diminutive (small) noun =

'small bearer'?>

bár

(v) tágasnak lenni, kiterjedt; (adj) széles, képes sokat fogni (v) to be

capacious, spacious; (adj) wide, capable of holding much

čí búm bár-bo

(n) bor vása wine-vase <Jesus: lamb bárány, his blood vér = wine bor ?>

bar, a-bar

(n) bármi a közepén, a fele the middle of anything, the half <Jézus: a

bárány, a középső figura , Isten és halandók közt? Jesus: the lamb as the figure

in the middle, btwn God and mortals?>

lŭk

(n) bárány sheep

bárka

(n) boat

*kru

(n) nagy hajó a large ship

barom /ˈbɒrom/

(n) beast, brute

▪ʔátâng

(n) kövér hímnemű vadállat fat male beast

bársony

(n) velvet, velour

◷ 1221: Barsunus bíborszínű

bársony; (purpurroter); 1389:

Barson; 1395 k.: barʃan,

barzon; 1411: Barsonyus;

1519 parʃʃont

bă

(v) bőségesnek lenni to be abundant

băr-fóṅ

(n) patríciusok, arisztokrácia; a Róng népnek egyik osztálya H. H.

Risley Tribes 2, 8. M. Gr . XII . n . <bársony gyakran nemességi jel> the

patricians, aristocracy, in constradiction to a-den; a division of the Róng-

people H.H. Risley, Tribes 2, 8. M. Gr. XII. n. <Because of its unusual

softness, appearance, and high cost of production, velvet has often been

associated with nobility. Velvet was introduced to Baghdad during the rule of

Harun al-Rashid <786-809> by Kashmiri merchants> (WIKI)

bá

(n) szőnyeg, takaró <keleti szőnyegek selyem mel készülnek> a carpet,

coverlet <oriental rugs are made of silk>


42


bá č'uṅ

(n) egy kis szőnyeg a small carpet

pŭn-san, pŭn-dan

(n) "díszítő" méltóság, fenség "ornamental," dignity, majesty

pŭn-san pŭn-dan

(n) ornamented accoutrements, robes of state

bárzsing

(n) (o)esophagus, gullet, meat-

pipe; (obs) animal stomach,

casings; (syn) begy, nyelőcső;

(arc) nyelőgége (CzF)

◷ 1799: bá'singnak animal

stomach, casings <intestines>;

1812: bazsingodat esophagus;

1825: Bárzsing; 1833: bársing

(1893) intestinal-side fatty pig

meat

bar, a-bar

(n) bármi a közepén, a fele < 1799 bárzsing = állati gyomor, bél

(belek középső testrésze)> the middle of anything, the half <1799

bárzsing = animal stomach, casings (intestines; middle body part)> (UMESz)

▪-báng

(num) fele <bárminek a fele = közepén vágva> half of <half of anything

= cut down middle>

bató

(n) (God's) staff, pole (SzSi)

bátor

(adj) brave

bă, bá

(v) be abundant; numerous; (n) magnification, respect, commendation,

admiration, estimation, dignity

bá-t

(v) to be produced, magnified, multiplied; to increase, to swell (as rice

in boiling); (n) increase, magnificence, merit, worth, property,

development

bát-bo

(adj) productive

bát-yă

(v) it swells very greatly or it increases greatly


43


be /ˈbɛ/

(adv) in, inside

belső /ˈbɛlʃøː/

(adj) interior, inner, internal

▪a-byet

(n) máj liver

▪a-bu

(n) tüdő lung

becsül ☐ /ˈbɛʧyl/

(v) to value, honor, appreciate,

assay, be worth, esteem;

estimate, figure, forecast, judge,

make, price, put, rate

becsület

(n) honor, faith, credit

becses ☐

(adj) precious, estimable,

valuable, valued

▪ʔáce

(n) szeretet love

bor-lát

(n) jólét, siker, magasság, becsület, dicsőség, magaslat ; szépség

prosperity, success, elevation, honor, glory, eminence; beauty

begy

(n) animal's stomach

bél

(n) intestine, gut(s), entrails,

bowel, pith

bendő

(n) paunch, large stomach

▪bop, ă-bop

(adj) large (as belly)

beteg ☐

(v) to be ill, sick, unwell, ailing,

bad, nasty, crook, diseased,

unhealthy

betegség

(n) disease, illness, affliction

*bŭr-dŭṅ

(n) szenvedélyek, érzelmek, vágy ; szenvedés passions, feelings, desire;

affliction


44


bika

(n) bull

▪bík

(n) cow

▪bíkbo

(n) bull, steer

▪bíkgú

(n) cow

▪bík lóng

(n) ox

▪bík lóng cúng

(n) young bull

bimbó

(n) bud, burgeon, button, eye,

head, sprout

bŭ, a-bŭ

(n) the superior, the upper part of anything, the first beginning of an

undertaking

bír ☐

(v) to have, possess, own <bíró =

judge (presides over marriage,

etc.)>

bíró ☐

(n) judge, magistrate, umpire,

referee

birodalom

(n) empire (union of

tribes/nations)

birtok

(n) property, asset, capital,

lordship

birtokló owner, proprietor,

bearer ● birtok biró (lit)

property owner

brí \ bree

(v) to twist (as cotton), to twine, to plait; to unite in marriage, chiefly

applied to the marriage of women

bro

(v) to head, to look after, to watch, to ward, to take care of as sheep,

cattle

ťok

(n) fortune, wealth

ťok-bló

(n) an heir


45


bíz ☐

(n) trust sg with sy, entrust(s),

relies on smg/smb ◷ 1138:

Bizau; 1211: Bizothlon

bizakodik, gondozásra átad;

1372: byʒÿkuala; 1553:

buzzuc vmi fölé rendel (UMESz)

bizony (arc, reg) bizon

(n) to be sure, verily, certainly

● bizakod|ik (v) to hope, trust

bizodalom, bizalom

(n) confidence, faith, reliance,

credence, credit, trust, assurance

bízó

(adj) trusting, reliant

bizonylat

(n) voucher, certificate, warrant

biztos

(n) sure, certain, safe, secure,

trustworthy, benign, faithful,

infallible ● biztosít (v) provide,

guarantee, assure, grant, secure,

support, strengthen ● bizton

(arc) surely, certainly; security

biztat

(v) encourage, hold out,

reassure, cheer on/root for,

stimulate; biztató promising

bí, bín

(v) adni, adományozni to give, bestow <this form is used in governing the

third person; bo is used in the case of first and second person> (GBM)

byí, byí-n

byí-šo (future tense)

byín-kón (causative)

byín-bo

(n) a giver

byín-lyaṅ

(n) means of giving

byin

(v) to give, bestow

hŭ-yum tat byí

(v) to entrust them

bő /ˈbøː/

(adj) abundant, ample, full,

bounteous, bountiful, broad,

large, generous, exuberant, large,

liberal, rich, wide, baggy, roomy,

loose

▪bo~bón

(v) to give

bă, bá

(v) be abundant; numerous; (n) magnification, respect,

commendation, admiration, estimation, dignity


46


bá-t

(v) to be produced, magnified, multiplied; to increase, to swell (as

rice in boiling); (n) increase, magnificence, merit, worth, property,

development

bocsánat

(n) sorry, apology, remission

bocsátani to admit to, to let go

*ťă-bo čă

(v) to repent, more corr. to make confession, see also ťál <vall>

bök ☐

böködik

(v) to stab, aim a blow with a

weapon or finger

ban-nŭn ťok

(v) to give a blow with a knife

-ból /boːl/, -böl /bøːl/ (prep)

from, out, out of

bol /bol/

(v) to rise up, sprout up, emanate

ból

(pos root) bent, curved (CzF)

ból

(v) to be bent down by force, to hang over

boldog ☐

(adj) happy, glad, joyous,

blessed, gay, flattered, joyful,

lighthearted, lucky, sunny,

beatific, cheerful, exuberant,

lively, merry (obs) saint, sacred,

holy; (obs syn) szent (PoMi)

boṅ ťíṅ

(n) dalnok, pap, ördögűző a bard, priest, exorciser <szertartásoknak

lelki vezetője; kíséri a muṅot the spiritual leader at ceremonies;

accompanied by a muṅ>

bul

(adj) ragyogó , csillogó brilliant, sparkling

bul-lă bul-lă dum

(adj) vakító fehér dazzling white

*gye

(adj) boldognak lenni to be happy


47


biggyeszt

(v) tack on/onto, place/hang

casually (somewhere)

Boldog Asszony (lit)

Happy/Blessed Woman,

Supreme Goddess (pre-

Christian)

<Bolygó Asszony (lit) Planet

Mother> (IM)

▪bo~bón

(v) adni to give

<bí gye(IM)>

<(v) boldogságot adni to give happiness? bí ad give+ *gye boldognak

lenni to be happy = boldog?>

bön (LeTo)

(n) ősi Lepcha vallás (kora-Tibeti lámaismus) ancient Lepcha religion

(pre-Tibetan lamaism)

itbu-mu

(ppn) Róng nép anya alkotója mother creator of the Lepcha race

*wi-dó

(n) ötödik osztály satva azon a buddhista hitrege the fifth class of

satva's of Buddhistic mythology

bólint /ˈboːlint/

(v) to nod, beckon, bow

▪pá

(v) to beckon, signal

bonyolít

(v) to involve, complicate

bonyolultság

(n) complexity, complicacy,

complication, entanglement,

difficulty, imbroglio, intricacy

bonyodalom

(n) complexity, imbroglio,

complication, involvement,

intrigue, knot, ravel, snarl,

story, tangle

bonyolultan intricately

bacsók, bagykó, bakkus,

bakszak

(n reg-Erd) carnival, Shrovetide

mask worn at balls, royal court;

(syn) farsangi álarc

boṅ, a-boṅ; băṅ, a-băṅ

(n) the mouth, the face

boṅ-yo

(n) a curse, malediction, imprecation, execration, denunciation

boṅ ťsóp

(v) 1) speaking in the room of another; 2) pleading, mediation

boṅ ťsóp mat (lí)

(v) to speak in the room of another, plead for, mediate

boṅ ťsóp mat (lí) bo

(n) a pleader, an intercessor

*ba-tsó





48


bőr /bøːr/

(n) skin <encloses smg/smb?>

bőrönd /ˈbøːrønd/

(n) suitcase, trunk, bag, case,

portmanteau

börtön ☐ /ˈbørtøn/

(n) prison(-house), jail(house),

gaol, lockup, big house, limbo,

pen(itentiary)

bor

(n) broken skin below nail

bŭn-bo

(n) a carrier <of loads>

*bŭr-dŭṅ

(n) the passions, feelings, desire; affliction

bor

(n) wine

bibor

(n) purpure (in blazon, the color

of purple), purple, violett,

amethyst, mercury

bár

(v) tágasnak lenni, kiterjedt; (adj) széles, képes sokat fogni (v) to be

capacious, spacious; (adj) wide, capable of holding much

čí búm bár-bo

(n) bor vása wine-vase <Jesus: lamb bárány, his blood vér = wine bor ?>

borda

(n) rib (curved bone), cord,

stretcher

ból da

(n) keresztül feküdni, lehajolt; gerincet felfüggeszteni, átlépni egy

hegy gerincet to lie across, bent over; to suspend a ridge, to cross the ridge

of a mountain

borít

(v) to spill, cover, enshroud,

sheathe

borul (beborul)

(v) to cloud/fog/gloom (up)

burkol (beburkol)

(v) to cover, envelop, shroud,

enfold, hide

bá

(n) a carpet, coverlet

bá láp

(n) to spread carpet

bá rát

(v) to take up carpet

bá čuṅ

(n) a small carpet, rug

bá-ka ṅan

(v) to sit on a carpet


49


burkolt

(adj) oblique, veiled,

(figuratively) hidden or

disguised

tung-bór, thám-bór

(n) célozgatás (Róng nyelv egyik stílusjegye), sajátosan Lepcha

példázatos használata nyelv innuedo (stylistic feature of the L. language),

the peculiarly Lepcha use of allegorical language (Spr1)

tŭṅ-bór ríṅ

(n) figurative language, allegorical, slang

tŭṅ-bór-nŭn zuk

(v) to effect by mechanical power; and indirect mode of speech, slang-

language, also hint, innuendo, parable, simile, allegory

a-boṅ-ka ŭm, a-boṅ ŭm

(v) to hold the hand before the mouth to restrain laughter <cover>

borostyán

(n) amber

*po-še

(n) amber

boroszlán

(n) daphne ● farkasboroszlán

spurge <spurious>; (myth) ▶The

Legendary Mânsalóng

⚑ Boroszló Eperjesi kerület

Eperjesi járásában Brestov,

Prešov District, Slovakia ◷ 1219:

Borozlou

*ba-tsó




bosz-

(pre) in revenge ● bősz ☐ (adj)

angry, mad, enraged, grim, irate,

rabid

boszorkány

(n) witch(craft), hag, beldam(e),

hell-cat, hex, sorceress, virago,

vixen

ba-mo (muṅ)

(n) a female demon, an ogress, witch

sŭ-mo ba-mo-săṅ

(n) gnomes and vampires

*sám kyu bam

(v) to be troubled in mind


50


bosszúsan

(adv) fretfully, worryingly

*ba-tsó

(adj) titkos vagy nem tiszta gyökér vagy származás; korcs, bázis

született, hamis , törvénytelen a clandestine or impure root or origin; a

bastard; mongrel, baseborn, spurious, illegitimate

bot

(n) stick, staff, baton, cane, rod,

spar, stave, pole, bar, baston,

batune, club, perch, reed, stake

pasmagol, pasmag (arc) to

strike the palm <tenyér> of smg

with a pick or small woden shovel

<falapicka> (CzF)

hagyományosan nádbol készült

targyak objects traditionally made of

bamboo:

porgolát, porgolád

(n) (reg-Erd) garden gate (SaAt)

pálca

(n) stick, pole, baton, cane, ferule,

rod, staff, stave, wand

pacskolás

(n) paddle

pad

(n) bench, pew, band, desk, table

padló

(n) floor(ing); (adv) under

padlozat

(n) platform

padlás

(n) attic, loft, garret, roof truss

palánt

(n) (arc) plant

blók

(v) bambusz vagy nád külső és belső részét elválasztani egymástol

to separate the outer and inner part of bamboo or cane

po

(n) a nagy nád; bambusz faji/némi neve the large bamboo; generic

name for bamboo or cane

pomík pobóng

(n) nádas erdő, nád nővény csoport bamboo forest, group of bamboo

plants

pă-

(pre) <legtöbb nád faj előtt használt előtag prefix used before most

species of bamboo>

prâ

(n) vágott nád cut bamboo

pă-čel

(n) nád fajta a species of bamboo

pă-tu

(n) nád fajta a species of bamboo, po pă-tu

plyâ

(v) termelni, előre hozni to produce, bring forward


51


bú /ˈbuː/

(n) sorrow, grief, dolo[u]r

búbánat

(n) sorrow

bánat ☐

(n) grief, sorrow, bitterness,

compunction, contrition,

dissatisfaction, regret, remorse,

woe, Ruta graveolens, chagrin,

discomfort, distress, heartache,

rue, sadness, sore, tribulation,

trouble

bŭ

(n) teher, rakomány, súly; börönd, csomag, poggyász, áru ,

rakomány (adj) kemény, súlyos, fájdalmas, gyulladt, siralmas,

szigorú a burden, load, weight; baggage, luggage, freight, cargo, lading;

(adj) hard, grievous, painful, sore, woeful, severe

bŭ bŭn-bo

(n) hordár, teher hordozó porter, a carrier of loads <bŭ = teher,

rakomány, nehéz, súlyos a burden, load; hard, grievous; bŭn-bo = a

hordozó carrier>

bű

(n) secret, supernatural force

eliciting wonder and/or

astonishment; believers' faith:

world works w/unseen (esp. evil)

forces that require actions (song,

sacrafice, prayer..); shamanism;

"bámuló szájtátást jelentő bá

szónak ikertársa: bű-bá" (CzF)

bűn ☐

(n) sin, crime

bűnös /ˈbyːnøʃ/

(adj) guilty, sinner, criminal,

culpable, blame, felonious,

nefarious, offender, peccant,

sinful, vicious, wicked

bŭ, bŭ-n, bŭ-n-bo

(v) birni, hordani, közvetítenek; képletesen szenvedni, elviselni to

bear, carry, convey; metaphorically, to suffer, to endure

lă-yo bŭn-bo

(adj) bűnös , bűn viselő guilty, bearing sin <lă- előtag képezi főnevek

nemlegeséget as prefix forms nouns in the negative;, ie. lă-yo = nem jó not

good, bŭn-bo = teher hordozó carrier of loads>

ba-mo (muṅ)

(n) egy női rossz szellem, emberevő óriásnő, boszorkány a female

demon, an ogress, witch

buk|ik

(v) to fall, tumble

bukkan

(v) to find, stumble upon

smg/smb

bukás

buk, a-buk

(n) bármi hátsó, rossz oldala, rosszabb (a mik szemben), fordított,

bármi becstelen része, a bal oldal, sötét, tisztátalan, a hulladék the

back, wrong side of anything, the worse (in contrast to mik), the reverse,

bad, dishonorable part of anything, the left, sinister, the unclean, the refuse

▪buk

(v) ütni, csapás, csépel to hit, strike, thresh


52


(n) breakdown, catastrophe,

downfall, failure, spill, debacle,

bankruptcy, bomb, flop

bukfenc

(n) somersault, backflip, tumble

burgonya

(n) (white) potato(es), spud,

Solanum tuberosum

édes burgonya, yamgyökér,

jamgumó

(n) yam, any Dioscorea vine; in

West Cumbria, England, it

also means home (Glosbe)

buk bá

(n) jó burgonya good potato

buk rŭm-bo

(n) mélyen gyökerező jamgumó the deep-seated yam <re: rég and

rombusz>

burján

(n) (reg-Erd) weed; (syn) gizgaz (UMESz, SaAt)

burjánz|ik

(v) to ramp, sprawl, fungate, run

riot, luxuriate, propagate,

proliferate ● burjánzó

sprawling, prolific(al), rampant,

rank, gross, proliferant

bák

(n) gyom, dudva, gaz weed

jŭ próṅ

(n) gyomok; mennyiségek/sűrű tüskék weeds; quantities/thicket of

thorns <jŭ tüske thorn + próṅ sok many>

buzgalom ☒

(n) ardor, fervor, pep, zeal

buzgó /ˈbuzɡoː/

(adj) zealous, eager, earnest,

industrious, keen, strenuous,

ardent, avid, fervant, devout,

sedulous, vehement

buzog (felbuzog)

(v) to boil, foam ● buzogni to

bubble, to sprout, to well

*bŭr-dŭṅ

(n) szenvedélyek, érzelmek, vágy; szenvedés the passions, feelings,

desire; affliction

*bo-gók, bu-gók

(n) hab, tajték foam, froth


53


C

cickány /ˈtsitskaːɲ/

(n) shrew (mouse-like animal),

Soricidae, shrew-mouse

buzgómócsing

(n) weasel; (syn) menyét

sŭṅ-kyeṅ

(n) cickány fajta a species of shrew

sŭṅ-kyeṅ sŭm-bri

(n) menyét weasel (mustela)

cím /ˈtsiːm/

(n) address, title, name; ability,

accomplishment, aptitude,

competence, expertness,

skilfulness

▪kú míng

(n) megjelőlés, név appellation, name

cimbalom

(n) dulcimer, cymbol(o) psaltery

kay laṅsamba(YiDo)

(n) drum, derived from the name Kesamay

cók

(adj) extra, substitute

▪-chúk

(adj) most, worthy

comb /ʦomb/

(n) thigh(s), femur, leg(s), hip,

ham, haunch, limb, tibia

csíra /ˈtʃiːrɒ/

(n) germ, embryo, bud, ovum,

rudiment, seed, spore, sprout;

(reg-Erd) cera, cira (SaAt)

sertéscomb /ˈʃɛrteːʃtsomb/

(n) leg of pork

ťoṅ /tʰoŋ/, a-ťoṅ /ə-tʰoŋ/

(n) lábfej foot, lábszár leg

čít, mă-zŭ-să čít

(n) ondó semen <^szem^ >

▪čan

(n) szem, csíraszem eye

▪čan màn

(n) bélszín, ágyék loins

▪a-lam

(n) thigh ▶háml/Hám


54


Cs

csak ☐

(conj, adv) only, just, but,

merely, exclusively, simply,

solely, alone, nothing but

csaknem

(adv) all but, almost, near(ly;

(lit) only no ● csak nem but

ṅam /ŋəm/

(v) közel lenni, majdnem/mellet to be close, be near

-csál, csél

(suf) (def) gyakorító utótag

ami kifejezze az ismétlést

frequentative suffix added to verb

to express the frequent repetition

of an action (ex: rág to chew →

rágcsál to chew, slowly, with

small bites)

cselekedik ☐

cselekvés /ˈʧɛlɛkveːʃ/

(v) act, work; verb, action

család

(n) family, folks, people <előre

folytatás going forth from indv>

*čán

(v-megtisztelő) menni , elmenni, ki menni, folytasson, előre menni;

(adv) ‘megy’ (honorific v) to go, go away, go forth, proceed, to walk;

(hon) for nóṅ -ong, öng -ing; (adv) 'going'

csap2

(n) tap, faucet, spigot, peg, pin,

tenon

csepp

(n) drop <small mass of liquid>,

raindrop, drip ● cseppecske

droplet ● csöpp wee, drip, drop ●

cseppfolyós liquid, fluid ●

csöpög to drip, distill, dribble,

drop, ooze, weep

cóp

(n) (megtisztelő) víz <uṅ> (honorific) water <uṅ>

uṅ-kŭp

(n) a kisebb folyó the lesser river <uṅ = víz water>


55


Csepely ⚑

(pn) falu Ungh megyében

village in Ungh county ● Csepel

⚑ Budapest island

csapadék (liquid) precipitation,

rainfall, deposit,

hydrometeorology

csapárok small man-made

channel whose water powers

watermill ● csatorna /ˈʧɒtornɒ/

canal(s), channel, sewer,

aqueduct, conduit, course, ditch,

drain(pipe), flume, gutter, water-

course ▶üreg

ă-plăn

(n) felborulás, leesés falling over and down

ŭṅ tŭk-vór

(n) a drain, ditch

csárdás

(n) traditional Hungarian folk

dance

csűrdöngölő

(n) (reg-Erd) székely táncrend

Szekler dance (SaAt)

ca-bro

(n) egyfajta tánc a sort of dance

ca-bro mat

(v) ca-bro –t táncolni to dance the ca-bro

*ca

(pre) lásd a cak alatt see under cak

*cak, also: ca-, cók, cóṅ-, ṕyók

(n) (megtisztelő) kéz (honorific) hand <kézi-csok>

cók-ten

(n) ajándék vagy udvariasság vagy szertartási felajánlás a present or

offering of civility or ceremony

csata

(n) battle, action, combat ●

csatár soldier, warrior (Toth4)

csattog

(v) clap, crack, clash

čádóng

(n) háború, harc war, battle

Chongtong ⚑

(pn) the arrowheaded place, a name given to a site at the junction of

two streams (Dar)


56


csatol

(v) unite, buckle, clasp; bind,

fasten; annex a territory to

(another); enclose

čó \ ▪chó

(v) to unite, join \ even number, pair, couple

có ťo

(v) dolgokat együtt helyezni egymásnak megfelően to place things

together corresponding to each other

csavar

(v) to screw, to twist

kar

(v) to twist, curl as hair, as tail, as leaf

kă-kar-la

(adj) twisted, curled

csen ☐

csend

(adj) quiet ● shend béke peace

[SA-HU]

csendes ☐

(adj) calm, quiet, silent, still,

peaceful, restful, docile, leisurely,

quiescent, tranquil, airless,

comfortable, easy, good,

inaudible, mum, muted, noiseless,

pacific, relieved, rest, serene,

smooth, soft, uneventful

hyáṅ

(adj) csendes quiet <^hiány(zik a hang)^>

csermely

(n) brook(let), creek, run, stream

csurgó

(n) eaves, spout ● csurog to

gutter; weep, wept; run, flow ●

Ha nem csurog [csordul,

csurran], csepeg [cseppen].

(say) If it's not trickling, it's

dripping. (CzF)

csurrani

khola (DaRa)

(n) kicsi folyó small river


57


(n) to flow slowly (Toth3) ● csorog

trickling, flowing water/liquid,

streaming, draining ● csurogtat

makes (smg) trickle/drip (CzF) ●

csurgalékvíz percolating water,

leachate ● csurgaléklé silage

csurom(víz)

(v) pouring ● csuromvizes

soaking wet, dripping wet,

drenched ● csurvíz (arc syn)

csurdultig vizes, ugy

általázott, csurog belőle/róla a

víz (CzF) ● csuroncsur 1858:

very rainy, humid(UMESz) ●

csuroncsú ázott soaked,

drenched

ču

(v) to flow out with force, to pour forth

ču rŭm

(n) the god of the snows

Csi-csít

(pn) supreme king of Huns,

58BC (RaGé1)

Csitár ⚑ towns in Nógrád and

Nyitra county ● Bodokcsitár

town Nyitra county (CzF) ●

Csitár (cur) Gerlachovský štít,

Slovak (former Hungary): highest

Carpathian range peak and N and

Central Europe » “A Csitári

Hegyek Alatt” ‘Under the

Csitari Mountains’ folksong ●

Cserhát mountain range

csúsz /ˈtʃuːs/

(v) to slide ● csúszik /ˈtʃuːsik/

slide, sliding ● csúszósín

/ˈtʃuːso:ʃiːn/ slide, guide rail

csízió

(n) (reg-Erd) jóslás, tudás,

eszme divination, knowledge,

conception (SaAt)

čí

(n) example, model

či, čí

(v) to be great, large, august, noble; (adj) great, etc.

ču

(n) snowy range/high mountain on which snow always lies

ču-să uṅ /ʧusəuɳ/

(n) water from the melted snows; <ču = snowy range/high mountain on

which snow always lies; uṅ = water>


58


csík

(n) streak

csikó

(n) foal, colt, filly, horse

kí

(v) to contend/grasp for, engage with

čúko \ ▪chúko

(n) energy, force

kí-kó

(n) strength, power, capability

*gyŭk

(v) to gallop, run fast, scamper off, flee

csillag

(n) star ● csillog shine, glitter,

sparkle, gleam ● csillogó

glittering, glimmering, glistening

● csillogás glitter, shine, sparkle

● csillogtat to make smg

shine/glitter; exhibit, display ●

csillogtatja tudását to show off

one's knowledge

Csilla

(pn) feminine given name

csillog-villog

(v) to sparkle and glitter

čir

(v) to glisten, glitter

tŭṅ-la

(adj) bright, dazzling, beautiful

ti-lă

(adv) very, greatly

jir-ră jir-ră

(adj) csillogó glittering

csín

(n) neatness, trimmness

csinos

(adj) pretty, good-looking, smart

(dresser), handsome, neat, trim

csinos kis összeg

(say) a tidy sum, a pretty penny

čím

(v) vékony, sovány (személy vagy hús); csillapodni, lesoványodott

, enyhe, szegényes to be thin, lean (as person or meat); to be attenuated,

emaciated, slight, meagre

čím nóṅ

(v) elvékonyodni to become thin <nóṅ = -ong>

čím-bo

(adj) csekély meagre


59


csinvat ☒

(n) tick tock (sound of ticking)

čútsât

(n) óra hour

csíp

(v, n) sting, bite, cut, nip, pinch,

smart; break off a bit of smg (from

smg)

csípi

(adj) it burns/stings [it] (e.g. hot

pepper)

híp

(v) borotválkozni, kaparni to shave, scrape

čúpí

(n) kén sulphur

csirke

(n) chicken

csibe

(n) chick

hík kŭp

(n) csikre chicken

híkbom

(n) női tyúk, amelynek csirkéje lesz female hen having chickens

hík

(n) szárnyas fowl

cső /ˈʧøː/

(n) pipe(line), tube, barrel, bore,

conduit, duct, piping, spout,

tubing

čuṅ, a-čuṅ

(n) the most facile or straight road or coarse to a place

čum, tŭk-čum

(n) a channel, a bamboo or any other article for conveying water, a

conduct, a spout

csoda /ˈtʃodɒ/

(n) wonder, miracle, marvel ●

csodán gondolkozom (I'm)

thinking about (the) miracle,

wonder(ous thing)

csodál

(v) to wonder, admire

láss csodát! lo and behold!; (lit)

see wonders!

čotân

(n) a vallás lényege the essence of religion

čut o (IM)

(v) <csírázás - emelkedő , vagy kihajtott – emelkedett; verbális

részecske o elhelyezett következő szó általában = jelen vagy múlt

idejű sprouting - rising, or has sprouted - risen; verbal particle o affixed

following word generally = present or past tense Main Gram 51)>

čet o (IM)


60


csodaszarvas

(pn) the miracle stag

1282: ⚑ Charadajaras együtt

legeltetett állatok, rendszerint

szarvasmarhák csoportja cattle

herd (UMESz)

csodálatos szinekben

pompázó

(phr) from Csodaszarvas rege

folk story describing how Hunor

and Magor followed a wonderous

stag donning amazing colors to

the Carpathian homeland (RaGe)

(v) <eltűnő vagy eltűnt; verbális részecske o elhelyezett következő

szó általában = jelen vagy múlt idejű disappearing or has disappeared;

verbal particle o affixed following word generally = present or past tense

Main Gram 51)>

čotân sabur (IM)

(n) < čotân vallás lényege essence of religion + sabur pézsmaszarvas

musk deer>

čómtun sabur (IM)

<friendship + musk deer>

pum

(v) eredni, kiömleni, kiáradni, eredetnek lenni to proceed from,

emanate, issue from, be the origin

pum-bo

(n) a legfőbb, a fő, Isten the chief, the principal, God <^grand poobah^>

csók ▶kéz, csokor, csomó

(n) kiss; osculation: <csókolózás

the act of kissing; (geo) ahol két

görbe vagy felület érintkezésbe

kerül egymással, ahol közös

érintővonal létezik the place where

two curves or surfaces come into

contact, or where their common

tangent exists>

csókol

(v) to kiss, give a kiss

csókolom

(v) (I) kiss (you, it); (sal) hello

cúk

(n) csók kiss

▪-cho

(adj) legjobb, legnagyobb best, greatest <csúcs, esküvői>

▪-chúk

(adj) legtöbb , méltó most, worthy

jok

(v) csatlakozik, csókol to join, kiss

cóm-lă mat

(v) barátkozni , ellenségeskedések beszüntetése, összeegyeztetni,

véleménykutatásban egyeztetett, békét alakítani to make friends,

cease hostilities, be reconciled, be agreed as in opinion, make peace

csokor /ʧokoɾ/

(n) bouquet <virág felajánlása?

offering of flowers? lehető gyökere a

csokoládé …csókol-adás, csokor-

čokóng /ʧokɔŋ/

(n) rizs tészta felajánlása offering of dough rice


61


adni? possible root of chocolate

csokoládé?> (*disp-ZaGa*)

csomó /ˈʧomoː/

(n) knot(s), lump, bunch, bundle,

clot, clump, cluster, crowd,

group, joint, mass, mob

domb /ˈdomb/

hill(ock), hump, hummock

csoport

(n) group, team, branch, troupe,

band, bunch, detachment, set,

bevy, clump, cluster, colony,

company, covey, crowd,

csomópont

(n) intersection, hub, knot ▶csonk

koma

(arc n) chum; brother-in-law

csimbók

(n) knot, (hair) top-knot ● csög

bunch, knot; (syn) csomó, bog,

göcs (rev ←) <gyümölcs> ,

csögbog (CzF)

čóm, čam

(v) fürtözöttnek lenni to be clustered

čam

(v) fürtökben lenni, csoportosíthatott fák, vastagon ágazó,

halmokban lenni to be in clusters, be grouped together as trees, be thickly

branched, be in heaps

a-čam

(adj) fürtözött csoportosítva; (n) egy csoport (adj) clustered, grouped;

(n) a group

a-čam a-čam

(n) foltokban vagy csoportokban in patches or groups

čómtun

(n) barátság friendship

cóm-lă

(adv) <barátságos, nyugodt , kellemes friendly, peaceful, agreeable>

cóm-lă mat

(v) barátkozni , ellenségeskedések beszüntetése, összeegyeztetni,

véleménykutatásban egyeztetett, békét alakítani to make friends,

cease hostilities, be reconciled, be agreed as in opinion, make peace

csonk

(n) stump, butt, end, snag, stub,

truncated, game

csonka-bonka

(n) truncated from multiple

parts/sides/angles

csonka kúp

(n) truncated cone

šok

(n) a vég, a határ the end, the limits

▪kúngbóng

(n) fa csonk, tönk tree stump


62


csont

(n) bone ● csontok bones

▪ʔáh ret

(n) csont bone

csöpp

(adj) wee, drip, drop; csöppnyi

minim, tiny little, titchy,

wee(ny), modicum

kŭp, a-kŭp

(n) gyermek, bármilyen fiatal állat, kölyök child, the young of any

animal, a cub

csorda ☒ Szláv

(n) (cattle) herd(s), drove, flocks,

bunch, gang, group, horde, mob;

◷ 1282: ⚑ Charadajaras együtt

legeltetett állatok, rendszerint

szarvasmarhák csoportja cattle

herd; 1291: Churda {same}; 1340:

Chordawt; 1395: cherda,

csërda; 1400: Chordas; 1416:

group (of people)(UMESz)

*tśo

(n) összeállítás, társadalom, zenekar, cég, nyáj, csorda an assembly,

society, band, company, flock, herd

*tśo

(n) ajánlat, áldozat offering, sacrifice

tśo-dyăn

(n) oltár altar

ć'o-ten

(n) a monument, sacred building, originally a chaitya <Hindu

temple> <WICT (def) A Buddhist or Jain shrine including a stupa (A

dome-shaped Buddhist monument, used to house relics of the Lord

Buddha.)>

csótány ☐ /ˈʧoːtaːɲ/

(n) (cock)roach(s), Blattaria

▪tungder

(n) csótány cockroach

csúcs-

(adj) maximum

chü

(n) hű; Chun, Canis Major,

férfi, hun, harcos [HU] (PeIm)

csúcs

(n) vertex, (mountain) peak,

summit

▫ -čúk

(adj) legtöbb, méltó most, worthy

ču

(n) havas tartomány, magas hegy, ahol a hó mindig fekszik snowy

range, high mountain on which snow always lies

▪cú

(n) hegycsúcs mountain peak

čú


63


csúcspont

(n) zenith, vertex, apex, acme,

apogee, climax, head, height,

heyday, meridian, origin, peak,

pinnacle, pitch, point, summit

(n) erő, bátorság strength, courage

cu

(n) erő, hatalom power, might

čuṅ, a-čuṅ

(n) a fő pont, felettes, fő- , lényegi (tárgy), legfőbb, elsődleges; egy

helyre a felületesebb vagy egyenesebb út vagy pálya the chief point,

principal, main, the essential (object), supreme, paramount; the most facile

or straight road or coarse to a place

▪dźu

(n) hegyes, csúcsos pointed

csuk

(v) to close, shut, seal

csukló

(n) wrist, knuckle, joint(s),

carpus, hinge, link, pivot, fetlock,

juncture ● csuklós jointed;

geniculate, articulated ●

csukló(s)pánt hinge

csukód|ik

(v) fasten, lock, shut

csukott

(n) shut, closed, sealed

csügör, csüger

(n) (reg-Erd) freshly-pressed

applejuice (SaAt) <stamp, seal,

press>

cöjk, cők (reg-Erd) grain

alcohol, pálinka yeast (SaAt) <ingredient 'fastener'>

ököl ☐

(n) fist, duke, punch, wrist

ká-čŭk

(n) joints of the fingers <kallantyúk/kallancsűk finger/latch>

▪a-ká tŭt

(n) kézbütyök knuckle

ć’ók-ṅór

(n) (megtisztelő) csukló (honorific) the wrist

ć’a-, ć’ak, ć’ók, ć’óṅ-, ṕyók

(n) (megtisztelő) kéz (honorific) hand

šok, šuk

(v) bármit össze csatlakozni, bármi ami osztott vagy önálló join ends

together, as anything divided or separate

a-šok

(n) bármit csatlakozni, egyesíteni the joining of anything

ć’ó-gyó, ć’ók-gyó, ć’ak-gyó

(n) kéz jel, pecsét, bélyegző handmark, seal, stamp

ć’ók-gyó kyóp

(v) 1) pecsétel to seal; 2) hajlik, köszöntés bow, salutation

▪(a-)ká tyam (4a)

(n) csukló, kézelő wrist


64


csuklik, csuklás

(v) to hiccup

hák

(n) flatus, the force of the breath

hák dak

(v) to hiccup

csün

(v) (obs) subside, delay

development; csünni erejében;

(syn) lankad, alábbhagy,

fejlődésében késik, csenevész (CzF)

ču, čun

(v) kicsinek lenni, kevés, csökkentik to be small, little, diminish

čum, a-čum, čum-bo

(adj) kicsi, kevés, apó small, little, minute

csüng ☐ /ʧyŋg/

(v) to dangle, hang, swing, cling

csügg /ʧyg/

(v) depend (on), hinge, hang

(from), dangle (from)

pŭn-jă /punʒə/

(n) supporting, resting, carrying, help, support, assistance,

dependance [root jă = to fix arrow on string, preparing to fire off]

csúnya /ˈtʃuːɲɒ/

(adj) ugly, nasty, bad, black,

deformed, dirty, disagreeable,

misshapen, repulsive

ču muṅ bí muṅ

(n) the evit spirit of the snows, applied to mí gát-muṅ

č'u

(adv) below

a-č'un

(adj) low, the lower part or side

*č'uṅ

(adj) small, little <not magnanimous>

csupa ☐

(adv) all, mere

tsŭp-pă, šŭp-pă

(n) régi Lepcha nyelven: "minden" old Lepcha language for "all"

cukor

(n) sugar

čí -ma-ka-ru

(n) cukor sugar


65


D

dagad

(v) swell, rise, belly (out),

expand, fill, surge, wax

dagály

(n) high-tide, flood, high water

dă kă-diṅ

(n) deep lake or water

dal

(n) song, love-song, descent,

ballad, lay, melody; dalmű opera

dallam

(n) melody, tune

dalköltészet lyric poetry

bonyodalom complexity, story,

imbroglio, intrique, involvement,

knot, ravel, snarl

hagyomány

(n) tradition

vâm

(n) song

dăl

(adj) pendulous <denotes movement, rhythm, as in music>

dunlu

(n) remark

vâ~vâm

(v) to chant, sing

▪dun (rev ←)

(v) to tell, narrate, say

dúnggít, lúngten

(n) tradition

dáma

(n) queen, dame, lady

⚑ Damak

(pn) NE Hungary Borsod-

Abaúj-Zemplén county village

near Balajt and Hangács

dam

(n) the crown of head; (adj) noble, holy

⚑ Damak, Nepal

(pn) one of the oldest municipalities in the Jhapa District, 50-60 miles

from Darjeeling; near Rajghat


66


császárnő

(n) empress

*čam, čóm

(n) hon. wife of king, pă-no čam

dara

(n) semolina

darál /ˈdɒraːl/

to grind, mill

daráló /ˈdɒraːlo:/

(n) grinder, miller

▪de

(v) to destroy

▪dek

(v) to break

datolyapálma

(n) date palm, Phoenix

dactylifera

szikla datolya(IM)

(n) cliff date palm

šap

(n) a date tree, species Phoenix

šap doṅ-mo

(n) Phoenix rupicola <cliff date palm>

dél1

(adj) south; meridian; déli

south(ern), southerly; southerner;

délen in the south

bijuum, gim, gin nappal

daytime, during the day [SA-

HU]

délkör

(n) meridian (line)

csúcspont, tetőfok/pont

(n) meridian

tető

-meridian

lum

(adj) south <luminescece>

lum kón

(n) the southern direction, the people of India Tbr. <Indián ↔

delijuum délen in the south; Hindu-ma Indiai [HU]>

tsŭk-naṅ

(n) the meridian <tsŭk <sug(ár)> = nap Sun>

mik hoṅ, lum lyaṅ

(pn) India


67


déli szél

(n) southerly wind

délibáb ☐

(n) mirage, fata morgana

délceg ☐ , deli, daliás

(adj) heroic, chivalrous, gallant;

strapping, well-built (man) ●

di(gy?)evild diadalmas

(dolog) triumphant (thing);

di(gy?)evisi diadalmas

(személy) triumphant (person)

[HU] (PeIm)

diadal ☐

(n) triumph, victory, achievement

derék1

(adj) honest, straight, brave; well-

built, stalwart, fine; excellent,

admirable

derék2

(adj) middle, central, trunk

delejes

(adj) (obs) magnetic (MAK)

feléled

(v) revive, wake; felújul

to renew

▪delúk

(n) resurrection <feltámadás: (def) A self-referential term for Jesus

Christ; the act of arising from the dead>

dereng ☐

(n) dawn, loom

szerkezet /ˈsɛrkɛzɛt/

(n) action, mechanism

reggeli szürkület

(n) dawn, morning twilight

hróng

(v) to come up, arrive from a lower place or region

zŭt2

(n) dawn, early dawn

tŭr-zŭt lun

(n) dawn to appear


68


születés /ˈsylɛteːʃ/

(n) birth, dawn, nascency

szerkezet

▶hány, kezd, óra, szül

sosóng

(n) dawn

derű ☐

(n) serenity, brightness

derűs

(adj) cheerful, jolly, merry,

bright, cheery, convivial, genial,

gleeful, good-humored, happy,

jocund, jovial, light-hearted, gay,

serene, sunny, unclouded

kŭr-dŭ (rev ←)

(adj) bright as a star, brilliant, refulgent, luminous; explet. of să-hór

star <in Legends of Padma.>; cheerful, vivacious, blithsome <cordial>

díj1

(n) fee, dues, price, tax, toll;

díjak fees ● di(gy?)evild

diadalmas (dolog) triumphant

(thing); di(gy?)evisi diadalmas

(személy) triumphant (person)

[HU] (PeIm)

díj2

(n) prize, award, trophy

bám(ulat)

(adj) awe

díj-bám (IM)

(n) awesome prize

dyak

(v) to become sour and destroyed (as chi)

dyak bam

(v) to be good, auspicious

dobban (megdobban)

to be frightened, scared

*óṅ

(v) to be dumbfounded; [Main. says from TT dbaṅ] >>


69


dolgozatok

(n) exercises

dolgozó

(n) employee, worker, toiler

dolgozó méh

(n) worker-bee

dolog

(n) job, labour, work,

(some)thing

lók, a-lók

(n) exercises

ló-zóm-bo

(n) a hireling

mi-lók

(n) a person who works for his food

dăl lók(IM)

dăl = pendulous (inga) + lók = hand ["fr. T. lag (hand)"]

dönt

to decide, judge, determine

dyám

(v) to reflect, consider, ascertain, judge

dörgés

(n) the sound of thunder

♔ Darrhajawaus

Dareios (Persian king) [SA-HU]

▪sader mi

(n) gun (literally thunder-fire)

dorong

(n) pole, cudgel

kur kuṅ

(n) pole of a tent <kuṅ fa tree>

dörzsöl

(v) to rub, chafe, scour, scratch,

scrub

bedörzsöl

(v) to annoint, rub (in), smear

kŭr-dăṅ (rev ←)

(adj) ruddy as ripe fruit <rubbing makes skin red/ruddy>

kŭr-dăṅ kŭr-sóṅ

(adj) ruddy, rosy, rosy-cheecked; applied also to persons of quality

assembled together: bright, brilliant, splendid; illustrious,

distinguished, noble >>derűs>>


70


dúl ☐

(adj) raging, anger; rob, prey on,

destroy

dyŭ \ ▪dyu~dyut

(v) to fight, make war, quarrel ◦ (v) to argue

▪du

(n) disease

dulakodás

(n) scrimmage, scrum, scuffle

(scrape feet while walking)

<dúl-kopás?> <dawdle: phon.

related?>

lomha ☐

(adj) pokey, slow(poke), slack,

slothful, sluggish, sullen, torpid <^lumber^ along>

kop, kyop

(v) to be slow

kyop kyop, dăk-nŭn kyop-nón

(v) to be slow in doing anything <word root also inre: sick, slow pers.

shuffling/scuffing (scratching) floor; késik runs late>

kyop kyop lóm, lóm-ba kyop-bo

(v) to be slow in walking as sick man

▪há

(v) to scrape, skim

duma

(n) spiel, speech, argument

▪dyu ~ dyut

(v) to argue

▪dun

(v) to tell, narrate, say

≈ Duna

(pn) Danube; "Végre végtül

végig a réteken oly ingóvány

van, hogy ott vigyázatlanság

esetén a marhák bele fúlnak,

és ezen réten olly fü is

találtatik, hogyha abból a

marha eszik, attól megdöglik."

-Zsidó községről, Pest megye

(OrKu)

ingovány

(n) swamp, moor(land), wetland,

marsh(land), quagmire, bog,

morass, fen, heath, slough, tarn

◦dun

(n) front, foremost part or surface of anything, place or position

directly before anything; (adj) of or pertaining to the front, situated in

or at the front

dun2, dun-nă dun-nă, tŭn-dun, tŭn-dun-la

(adj) 1) saturated with water; 2) muddy, impure, contaminated,

boggy, marshy <Duna vs. Tisz(t)a?>

uṅ dun-nă dun-nă

(n) impure water <uṅ = víz water>

fat dun-nă dun-nă

(n) marshy land


71


<**VERY IMPORTANT

MATCH** see ▶ tova for more

dun=(t)ov examples; also esp

good for: ingo = uṅ (!!) >

dúr

(n) (mus) major (note)

dur

(pos root) raw, powerful,

forceful (CzF)

durran

(n) bang, chatter, crack, crash,

flap, pop, smack, slap

durc

durca

peevish, sulky, fractious

durva ☐

rough, course, rude, brusque,

gross, vulgar, boorish,

obscene, crass, brutal, raw,

barbaric, beastly, caddish,

churlish, earthy, harsh,

inhuman, hirsute, natural,

nugget

durr!

crack! thwack!

durrog

crackling

duruzsol

ding

▶zűr, zörög

zur

(adv) in different, various directions

a-zur

(adj) to crack in different places

a-zur a-zur bu


zar-ră zur-ră bu

(v) to split in different directions


72


E-É

ecet

(n) vinegar, sour

▪ʔácor

(n) sour

eddig

up to now, so far

▪-tet

(adv) until, up to (also spelt tyet or tyat)

Éden

heaven, (Garden of) Eden,

elysium

idény

(n) season, time, period

edény ☐ /ˈɛdeːɲ/

(n) vessel, pot, container, bowl,

receptacle, pan, dish, jar, duct <container, nest made by God for

humans?> "Oh ember, ez a

világ-lakóhely egy madár

[fészek], Sok madár repült ki

[már] ebből az ódon

fészekből." -Tárih-i Ungürüsz

codex (BlJo)

ódon

antique, archaic, old

édes

sweet, pleasant, beautiful,

good, sweetheart, charming,

fair, gentle, kind, lovely, cute,

affable, nice, tasty

édesanya

(n) mother; (lit) sweet mother

id

(obs) sacred, holy, saint (PoMi)

de2

(v) to create

*de4

(v) to pass away

*den4

(n) true, faith, belief, just

▪ʔyáng

(adj) real, true

▪sukdum

(n) world

*de5

(n) blissful, said of soothing and quieting a child to prevent its crying

den3

(v) 1) to be upright; (adj) upright; 2) (v) to be well or thorough

performed; 3) to overspread

a-den, kí den, dŭm den

(n) the warp nyüst (upright threads); the populace in contradistinction

to băr-fóṅ <bársony>, the patricians


73


<id (base instincts; the

unconscious instinctual force),

identity, identical>

ég

(n) sky, heavens; Ég God; égés

burn(s), combustion, fire,

burning, ignition

aigh

(n) ég [SA-HU] (VAA)

▪talyáng

(n) sky, heaven <táj ég?>

egy

(num) one (arc) edgy (CzF) ●

egyen- equal (prefix in

compound words)

egész

(adv) all, whole, complete, entire,

total

egyén

(n) individual (apart from the

whole) ● egyéb other

egyenlő /ˈɛɟɛnløː/

(adv) even, equal (to), coordinate,

deuce, level ▶azonos

> elen, elyn egy, egyetlen [SA-

HU] (VAA)

gyám, a-gyám

(adj) entire, whole, complete

gŭn

(adj) all, every, total, each, whole

gŭn-nă

(adj) all, every, altogether, total[l]y

▪jen

(adj) other

▪dryándo

(adv) equal to

egyenes

straight

gyŭn

(v) [obscure] to become rigid


74


egykor /ˈɛɟkor/

before, ever, heretofore, in

former times, in times past,

sometime

▪ʔyo

(adv) before, formerly, some time ago

éjszaka

(n) night (period btwn sunset,

sunrise)

> ihel éjszaka [SA-HU] (VAA)

sŭk-nap, so-nap

(n) the night

ék

(n) feather; body part esp.

pleasing to the eye,

embelishment, design, jewelry (CzF)

ékírás

(n) cuneiform, cuneiform

writing <consists of designs>

ékítés

(n) decoration, adornment,

flourish

ékítmény

(n) embellishment, vignette

(running ornament in Gothic

architecture)

ékkő

(n) gem, jewel

kóp, a-kóp

(n) a feather of a bird, a feather of wing or tail etc., a quill

eke

(n) plough/plow, share

(cutting blade of agricultural

machine)

ekhó

(n) tilt (a corse canvas covering

for carts, wagons pulled by

horses or oxen)

ek

(v) to crop; move hands or feet up and down

ăyek

(v) to reap

a-ăyek

(n) the cutting of grain


75


kurtít

to crop

a-ăyek tu-tsát

(n) the harvest-time

el /ɛl/

away, edge, exist, aside, clear,

off, past, way

elöl

afore, ahead, fore, in front (of)

első

first; elenyshi első first [SA-

HU] (VAA)

elöl megy

lead, go before, lead the way

előre /ˈɛløːrɛ/

forward, onward, ahead,

before(hand), (a)fore, forth,

ahead, (in) advance, in

anticipation, in/up front

eleink

(n) our forebears, our

forefathers

eleinte

at first, in the beginning, to

begin with, initially

lón

(v) to lead <the verb (sort of) = the metal ólom lead, Saturn>

a-lón(IM)

(n) a leader, lead-like (?) <using Lepcha grammar: prefix a- added to

verbs form substantives (nouns) and adjectives>

rel1

(v) to proceed continuously

rel-nóṅ

(v) to go onward without stopping <nóṅ = -ong>

a-rel

(n) an onward-motion

a-rel-lă-nóṅ

(v) to go onward <nóṅ = -ong>

él1

to live, exist, dwell, subsist, be

alive, have life, live by/on,

living, earn one's living by

élettartam

(n) lifespan; életerő lifeforce

>eli él live [SA-HU] (VAA)

mă-rŭ, mă-rŭm, mu-rŭm

(n) the allotted period of life; vital power


76


ember

(n) man <^embryo^> ● mar

ember man; mari emberi of

man; ojsmar <ott ember?> az az

ember that man (over there);

marum emberiség humanity

[SA-HU] (VAA) <ember parázs>

mű

opus, creation, work, writing;

(def) any artistic work, especially

one on a large scale> <^mural^>

ember csöpp (IM)

(n) man cub

némber, nőszemély female (PoFe)

-mány, -mény

(suf) added to a verb to form

noun showing result of the action

emberi

(n) human, of man ● emberi

azonosság oneness/sameness of

man

mar

(v) to twist, to turn <like man's DNA strands?, living man>

bri

(v) to twist

▪muró

(n) ember man

mă-ró kŭp

(n) személyek, emberek, emberek fiai persons, people, sons of men

nyí, nyí-m

(v) lenni to be

nyím-bo

(n) existing, one possessing

mán, mán-kít, a-mán

(n) flesh, meat; the flesh of body

mí

(n) a man; mankind <mi = we, us>

én

(pro) I; nominative: én,

accusative: engem, dative:

nekem, instrumental: velem,

causal-final: értem, inessive:

bennem, superessive: rajtam,

adessive: nálam, illative:

belém, sublative: rám, allative:

hozzám, elative: belőlem,

go

(nom pro) én I

go-nŭn ◦ go-nun (GBM)

(ins) én, enyém, engem I, my, me <▶ gon: gondozó, ' gondoló'>

ka-su ká

(dat) nekem to me


77


delative : rólam, ablative:

tőlem

-ka

-y (suf) forming diminutive

nouns (ex: asztal table →

asztalka small table)

-y

(suf) used by nobility to denote

ownership

engem /ˈɛŋɡɛm/

(pro) me, myself

enyém /ˈɛɲeːm/

(pro) my, mine

enyémmel, enyémekkel

(ins) with mine

köszönöm

thank you → (ext) hála tőlem

megy ki hozzád gratitude from

me going out to you ● kyh, ut ki

out; kytu, eki kifelé

(felszólkitásként is) out, in an

outward direction [SA-HU] (VAA)

▶kő, kösz, gon, gyen-, egy

kam (obj)

ka, ka-yu, kă-yu

(pro) (ősi Lepcha) enyém (old Lepcha) mine, now ka-mŭm

ka-nŭn

(ins) velem with me is more definite and usually denotes the number

to be limited or special (opp. kă-yu)

ka-să ? ◦ ka-su (GBM)

(gen) éntőlem, enyém of me, my

ka-sum

(acc) engem me

ka-su nun (GBM)

(abl) tőlem from me <eltávolító = vmi-töl indítvány ablative = motion

away from smg> < ka-su nun ♬ köszönöm thank you>

én(gem) adom kiért meg

tesz(IM)

(phr) I'll do it, I'll give it to you;

(cur) megteszem, neked adom

go a-dóm kat mat šo

(phr) Megteszem neked, neked adom I'll do for you, I'll give it to you

<phrase@▶kat kit>

enged

allow, defer, delay, abandon

▪nyók

(v) to delay


78


engesztel ☐

engesztelő

propitiatory, placatory

*nyen

(v) to propitiate, reverence

nyen-jo-mo

(n) a priestess, ordained lady, lady-superior, abbess

enyh ☐

(n) salve

enyhe ☐

(adj) balmy, comfortable, easy,

mild, moderate, benign, bland,

clement, faint, genial, gentle,

lenient, light, slight, smooth, soft

enyhül

(v) to abate, soften, ease up,

lessen, let up, moderate, remit,

slacken, (time) turn/grow milder

àyŭm, ŭm

(v) 1) to soften enyhül; 2) to lay fruits, ripen érlel; 3) to be shady

árnyékos; 4) to be glorious arany/fényes, splendid

ép ☐

(adj) sound, entire, intact,

integral, unharmed, unhurt,

uninjured, unscathed, whole

épen

(adv) soundly, whole, safely,

scot-free

ṕin-dak

(adj, n) all, the whole, altogether

erdő

(n) forest, woods, grove,

timber, vert

ártéri erdő

(n) flooded forest

să-ryo

(n) a high forest <să- = (pre) natural element(animal, plant)>

erény /ˈɛreːɲ/

(n) virtue, honor, morality

ryum, a-ryum /ə-ryʋm/

(adj) good, handsome, healthy


79


erényes

virtuous, chaste

rendben all-right, good, ship-

shape, sure

ryum-čo

(superlative) the best, thoroughly well

ryum-bo

(n) a good person or thing; (adj) good, etc.

erkölcs ☐ /ˈɛrkølʧ/

(n) moral(s), morality, custom,

habit, ethic(s) <ér-kincs?>

erkölcsök

(n) morals

*čo

(n) moral

čo-lŭ, čo-să dok

(n) according to religion

erre

this way, in this direction

ily módon

this way, thus

lon

(adv) in this direction

lómmyú

(n) the way

es |ik /ˈɛʃik/

(v) to fall (upon/down), drop,

rain, plummet, (a)light, come

down, descend, fallen, fell, hang,

land, lapse, pitch, sag, sink

eső

(n) rain; esős rainy

esni

to fall, (it is) raining

áz|ik

to soak, steep, be saturated in

liquid

so

(n) rain; in compos. the weather, the state of the weather or

atmosphere

šăl, šel

(n) to be wet

a-šăl

(adj) wet


80


eskü

(n) oath, vow, pledge

csókolom

(sal, hon) hello; (lit) I kiss

(you)

esküvő

(n) wedding, betrothal

esket

to marry, betroth <make an

oath>

esdeklő

(n) supplicant

szombat

(n) Saturday <pre-CE day of

worship>

*čo-kó

(n) ordinances, rites, ceremony

*šo4

(n) old Lepcha for book könyv; now co

šo-pu

(n) old Lepcha for religion vallás; now co-bo

šo-mat

(v) to exercise religion

est

(n) evening, vesper

este

(n) evening, night, tonight,

eve, in the evening, sundown,

vesper

esthajnal

(n) dusk, gloaming

> klynihel este night (fn); mere

este at night (időhat); meri esti

of the night (mn); esthajnal

mer dusk [SA-HU] (VAA)

nap, so-nap

(n) night, evening

nap-sóṅ, nap-pă luk-kă

(adv) morning and evening, night and day

ész *sám

(n) the mind, thought


81


(n) mind, brains (intelligence,

apptitude), intellect, reason,

wisdom, wit

eszem

(n) my mind; e szem this eye;

this speck

eszme

(n) conception, idea, notion

eszem

(v) (I) eat

esz|ik

(v) to eat, consume

eszköz ☐

(n) utensil(s)

▪ʔázóm

(n) rice, food

év

(n) year

> vynum jövő [SA-HU] (VAA)

▪nám

(n) year

evez

to paddle, row, oar, pull, scull

evezés

(n) row(ing), oarage

evező

(n) oar, paddle, string, rowing,

scull

nă-var

(n) a boat, a ship


82


ez, e

this

ezen

on this

ezen-azon

on this and that

-zăn, -zen

(suf) an affix, which gives the sense of 'possessing' or the English

termination '-er'

▪ʔábon

(adv) on this side

▪ʔápín ʔábon

(adv) on both sides, here and there

ezentúl

henceforth (from now on)

gan lon

(adv) hereafter

F

fa

(n) tree(s), wood, antler(s), forest,

grove, timber(land), firewood,

lumber, woodland

foszni(deszka) (reg-Erd) 4-6cm

thick board/plank (SaAt)

fal

(n) wall ● kügü falu (Hun

települések közt legnagyobb

a kaghak) village [HU] (PeIm)

falu

(n) village, field

farsang (reg-Erdély) fassáng

(n) carnival, Shrovetide (3 days

preceding Ash Wednesday)

fábol /ˈfaːboːl/

wooden; (lit) (made) from

wood; fában (lit) in the tree

fás

woody, densely

forested/wooded, ligneous,

wooded <fás-ak?>

fo

(n) madár bird <smg living in/associated with trees>

kuṅ, kuṅ lăṅ

(n) fa; szár, kukorica szár, stb; sark; faipari a tree; stalk, the stalk of

corn, etc; pole; wood

kuṅ băṅ

(n) Northern part of a Lepcha village, 'tree foundation'

fă-lí

(num) négy 4, four <(ext) 4 fal walls = egy ház a house>

-kyung, -kyong (LAW)

(n) village (suffix applied to place-name)


83


fásít

to forest (cover an area with

trees)

>> négy, kunyhó

pă-zók

(n) the jungle, forest

fajta

sort, kind, tribe

▪ʔágít

(n) tribe <ág branch (of people, etc.)?>

fakalapács

(n) beetle, (lit) tree hammer

la-gyek

(n) a very noisy species of wood-beetle

fakópáncs

(n) woodpecker; (lit) tree abrader

kar-vo fo

(n) all species of woodpeckers

fakul /ˈfɒkul/

to fade, pale, lose colour,

discolour

▪fâk

(v) to scrape, skim

▪flók

(v) to peel, peel off skin or bark

falka /ˈfɒlkɒ/

(n) flock, pride, bevy, drove,

kennel, pack

lŭk dóp

(n) a flock of sheep

farag

(v) carve <fa-ró, fa-rág?>

▪hra

(v) to cut, chop


84


fattyú, fattú

(n) bastard, person born to

unmarried parents; (syn)

elfajzott

*ba-tsó




fátyol(t)

(n) voile, veil, tissue, fog, mist,

fall

fátyolt inga?

(n) veiled pendulum (body

suspended from a fixed support)

fadongthing

(n) first Lepcha man/god (aka Tukbothing <takar, gyök?> or

Tasheything)

fed, föd

to cover (with smg); put a roof on

● befed to cover, roof over/in,

top

▪dáp (rev ←)

(v) to cover

fej1

(v) to milk

fejt

(v) to draw off, hull, mine, shell,

shuck, strip, quarry, pod ● fejtek

I shuck/shell

▪cer

(v) fejni milk

fyek

(v) hántani, lehámozni, ugy mint a madár amikor gabonát eszik to

husk, to shell as birds, when eating grain

fel

(adv) up, upward(s), ascending,

up to, above, aloft, over fel- (verb

pref) indicating actions with

upward direction ● felhő

/ˈfɛlhøː/, felleg /ˈfɛlːɛɡ/ cloud ▶

dél

▪delúk

(n) resurrection

fyul

(v) to take off as things hanging on hook


85


feléled

(v) to resurrect, revive ●

felélénkít animate ● felszáll to

take off, lift, ascend, unstick

fél

(n) half, not whole; party,

participant (at court etc.)

feleim

(n) (arc) loved one(s), life-long

friend/partner; (obs) wife; (syn)

feleség ● feleség wife; (lit) other

half

fel(oszt)

(v) divide, allot, partition, split ●

felez to halve, bisect, split, half ●

félre apart, aside, off

félrelök

(v) to push aside, toss away ●

félrerak to set aside, set apart

felfakad

(v) to bust, burst, upwelling ●

felszak|ít to rip, rive

felkel

(v) to wake (up), arise, awake(n),

rouse, be up, daw, elevate, get up,

heave, hoist, lever, lift, raise

revolt, rise; felmutat to produce,

render, set forth, show (off/up)

flí, flí-m

(v) to divide, to separate as persons or things also affections of the

heart

flek2, a-flek

(n) 1) pulse or split peas; 2) anything broken into small pieces; 3) a

splinter of rock <flake>

▪plâ

(v) to come forth, come out, rise

▪plyâ

(v) to produce, bring forward

felcser /ˈfɛlʧɛr/

(n) leech

▪fot

(n) leech


86


fény ☐ /ˈfeːɲ/

(n) light, glitter, refulgence,

shine, splendor, visible, blaze,

radiation, clarity, glimmer ●

fény- /ˈfeːɲ/ illuminating

napfény

(n) sunlight, sun, sunshine,

daylight ● fényes nappal in

broad daylight

fényes

(adj) bright, vivid, glorious,

glossy, gorgeous, luminous,

lustrous, satiny, shining, shiny ●

fényesen brightly ● fényesít

burnish, brighten, glaze, gloss,

polish, shine ● fényesítés shine

💫 Feni

(pn) Vénusz Venus ● venishi

fényes bright [SA-HU] (VAA) ●

Phanes <^Fényes^> first primeval

deity (of goodness whose name

means 'to bring light' or 'to

shine') created (via an egg) by

Chronus ☐ etym unknown

[HE] (WIKI)

fényáram

(n) flux, luminous flux ●

fényáteresztőképesség

transparency, light transmission

● fényerő brightness; (lit) light

strength ● fényerősség

luminous intensity, brilliance ●

fényerősség-mérési

photometric

fényfácán (Himalájai)

(n) Himalayan pheasent, (lit)

bright pheasant

▪fán

(v) to burn

pa-sang

(ppn) name of the planet Venus

fă-doṅ fo

(n) a large species of pheasant (lives near the snowy range) Impey-

pheasant, Lophophanes impeyanus


87


féreg (nyű)

(n) worm, vermin, insect,

maggot

frek bŭ

(n) a supposed Acarus <mite atka>, causing itching in the feet <type

of small insect that feeds on host>

fésű

(n) comb (toothed implement

for grooming the hair)

phák-zu

(n) a brush

fészek

(n) nest ● <fo szék (IM) nest>

fo šap

(n) madár fészek a bird's nest <fo madár bird + šap fészket alkot to make

nest>

fí

(n) son, male child ● fia

(his/her/its/your) son ● fiú son,

boy, lad, chap, kid

fiatalok

(n) youth, young people ● ifjú

(reg-Székely) éfiú young(ster),

youth, child(ren), juvenile,

offspring

férfi /ˈfeːrfi/

(n) man, adult male

fă-

(pre) prefix forming nouns in subject of male gender

fă-lyeṅ ◦ faleng

(n) a young boy, young man <lyeṅ = young lény>

fă-lyeṅ ťok

(n) the period of youth

Fudoṅ Thiṅ \ Fadaongthing

(ppn) the first male created; meaning 'most powerful'

ficam

(n) dislocation(s), luxation(s),

rick, abarticulation, sprain,

wrench

ficamítás

(n) wrench (violent twisting

motion)

ek

(v) to crop; move hands or feet up and down

a-kă ek

(v) to gesticulate


88


ficánkol

(v) to wiggle, caper, fidget, flap,

flounce, founder, frisk, frolic,

prance ● ficánkolás to flounce

ăyek

(n) to wriggle as body, to modulate voice; to pinch

finom

(adj) delicious, tasty, delectable,

sweet

▪myan

(adj) ripe

ŭm1

(v) to be nice, savoury, delicious, agreeable to taste or feelings

a-ŭm

(adj) delicious, delightful; (n) flavour, taste

ŭm-ŭm

(adj) delicious

fő1

(n) head, chief, top ● fől up, (reg)

fő ● föl-alá up and down

fo

(n) bird madár

fő2 /ˈføː/

(v) to cook, boil, brew, stew;

seethe ● főz to cook, prepare,

stew, make dinner; distill

(brandy), make coffee/tea, perk,

percolate; cajole smg, (try to)

persuade smb to do smg

főző

(n) cooker, stove; (lit) one doing

the cooking; fazék pot, cooking

pot/vessel

fazék tál(IM) vessel-

dishing/serving

fyŭ

(n) a vessel for cooking <főz(ő) edény>

fyŭ tyăk \ ▪fâtyók

(n) a small vessel <fyŭ főz(ő) + tyăk tok> ◦ pot

fyŭ tál

(v) to take pot off fire


89


fog

(n) tooth ● fogam my tooth ●

fogaim my teeth

fogó /ˈfoɡoː/

(n) pincers, handle, pliers, bail,

clamp, claw, ear, forceps, knob,

handhold, holder, knob, nippers,

tongs ● fogóm my pincers

ʔáfo

(n) tooth fog

▪fo kí

(n) tooth fog

▪fo góm

(n) molar zápfog, őrlőfog

föld

(n) (arc) feld earth, land,

ground, soil, Earth, acre, clod,

dirt, field, terra, world

Felduum a Földön on Earth;

feldtuedum föld tudomány

earth sciences [SA-HU] (VAA)

▪fát

(n) earth föld <fát also = lose fogy, veszít <folt, vésik, kés-ik>>

folt /ˈfolt/

(n) spot, stain, blur, blemish,

blob, blotch, cloud, dab, flaw,

freckle, mark, mend, mottle,

patch, plaque, smear, smirch,

splash, smudge, speck(le),

splatter, splotch, tarnish

▪fát

(v) to lose fogy <fát also = earth föld>

foly

(v) to flow

folyó

(n) river ● folyam river, stream,

brook, river, tributaries

▪fá

(v) to swim

▪kyoŋ

(n) river

for

(v) (pos root) denoting energetic,

strong movement, revolving,

spinning (CzF)

pŭr

(v) to ooze out, said of water of spring <^pour^>


90


forrás

(n) source, (head) spring, origin,

boil(ing), ebullience, font,

fountain head

forrón ▪hrún

(adj) hot, warm spicy

függ ☐

függés

(adj) dependence, dependency

pŭn-jă


dependance <root jă = to fix arrow on string, preparing to fire off>

fúj /ˈfuːj/, fújni

(v) to blow, bluster, huff, puff,

sing, waft, wind ● fújt blew,

blown ● fújás blow, blowing

fújjon!

(let it/you) blow! <away from

here> ● futamo dj run away

<from here> ● megfutamodás

flight, rout

fut /ˈfyːt/

(v) to run, course, fly, race, run

for, scamper, sprint ● futás

run(ning), bolt, course, scud,

scuttle ● futó /ˈfutoː/ runner,

running, passing <^future^>,

transient; (chess) bishop

◦flyaong

(v) to put to flight, force to flee, rout, disperse in defeat and

disorderly flight

fülcimpa

(n) earlobe

▪nyilop

(n) earlobe


91


fülemüle

(n) thrush nightengale, bulbul

tŭr-fóṅ fo

(n) a spec. of bird, ground-thrush

füllent

(v) to fib, lie, tell stories

füllentés

fib, (tall) tale, story, white lie

füllentő fibber

vóṅ-lă mat

(v) to lie

vóṅ-lă zóṅ

(adj) lying, knavish

vóṅ-lă yám-bo

(n) a liar, a lying knave

fúr

(v) to bore, drill, burr

pŭr

(v) to burrow, excavate under earth or in wood as mole, rabbit, white

ant

G

gabona

(n) grain, cereal, corn, granule,

pip, speck, squal

kă-na

(n) species of wheat

Kakyo kOÀ (Aachuley)

(n) wheat

gaz ☐

(n) weed, nefarious, rascally,

roguish, scoundrelly,

villainous

gaztett

(n) misdeed, abomination,

atrocity, horror, outrage,

villainy, wrongdoing

gí

(v) to be out of the perpendicular, slope, be bent down, be inclined;

(n) indirect, indirection; difference, distance, inequality; (v) to be

inclined towards (mentally or physically) having a penchant towards

used in a bad sense; (n) a bribe, subornation; (v) to be ungrateful, to

be false, faithless, perfidious

gí zo

(v) to take a bribe; to perform evil


92


gazember

(n) villain, scamp, scoundrel,

blackguard, rascal, s.o.b., bad

hat/lot, bastard, bugger, cad,

con man, crook, deceiver,

knave, miscreant, ragamuffin,

thief, varlet

gí zóm-bo

(n) one who takes a bribe; a perfidious, evil person, a traitor

gerinc ▪glyan

(n) backbone, spine

gólya ◫ /ˈɡoːjɒ/

(n) (reg-1522) gagó stork, crane,

(university) freshman

◷ ⚑ Gola (1333), ⚑ Golya

1466), Eztrag-golia (1585),

Gyólya Korso (1685), Gólya

(1708), gollyának Lippai:

Posoni kert (1753), gója-fiu,

góla, góllȧ (1787) (UMESz)

gálya ☐ /ˈɡaːjɒ/ gaia

gola kék blue; Föld: “a kék

bolygó,” Earth: “the blue

planet” [SA-HU] (VAA)

glí-là

(adv) dinstinctly

*gyo

(n) copulation

▪záko

(n) planet

gom* ● göm*

(pos root) root meaning bending,

cornering, roundness;

származékai derivatives: gomb

button, gomba mushroom,

gomboc dumpling, gomoly

whiff, gomdor (gondor); sphere,

scoop, round thing, spherical,

etc.; letter change m → n in

göndör curly, göngyöl

wrappers; hasonít hozzá similar

to: csöm (csömör,

csömbölyék), és a mélyhangu

csom node (csomó knot, bunch,

◦gom1

(n) fészkel, fészket beszerez vagy elhelyez, mint a madarak;

szorosan elrejteni; bizalmasan vagy szeretettel nyomni vagy tenni;

ölel, őr ,véd nestle, to provide with or settle in a nest, as birds;

ensconce snugly; to put or press confidingly or affectionately; hug,

guard, protect

◦gom2

(v) elmélkedni, vmit amit kell csinálni vagy ártani fejben

megfontolni; szándékoz vagy javasol; tükrözik, szemlélik, tervez,

latolgat, mélázás, kérődzik, kigondol, gondol meditate, to consider in

the mind as something to be done or effected; intend or purpose; engage in

thought and contemplation; reflect, contemplate, plan, ponder, muse,

ruminate, cogitate, think


93


csombók); továbbá a köm

(köndör), kom (kondor

condor); és a hom, hem, höm,

(hombár garner, hempelyeg,

hömbörög); rokon related: gam

(gamó), kam (kamó, kajmó

Cayman), gém ☐ (gémber), gim

(gimben), göm (gömb circle,

sphere, button, orb, ball), gum

(gumó), güm (gümő) (CzF)

-om, -öm, -em, ém

(adj, suf) my, belonging to me

Esztergom

(pn) city, NW of Budapest, 10-

13c. capital of Hungary; seat of

the Hungarian prímás Roman

Catholic Church primate, former

seat of the Constitutional Court,

largest ecclesiastical collection,

and largest church in Hungary. ●

Eszter Esther, female given

name, book of the Bible ● Eszter-

gom(IM) Esther’s nest ● Eszter-

gyüm(ölcse) Esther’s fruit

<paradise, paradicsom> ● Eszter-

csom(ója) Esther’s bunch ●

Esztergömb Esther’s orb/sphere

▶gólya: Eztrag-golia (1585)

> theke gömb; thekild

gömbölyű [HU-Iszfahani] (DeCs)

Göncölszekér

(pn) Big Dipper, (lit) Göncöl's

wagon/chariot <bright Northern

asterism seen once every 24 hours

in sky> <gunc/gömb teker?>

Lubba, Luppa Kanál Ursa

Major [SA-HU] (VAA) ● gunc day

and night, period of 24 hours,

rotational period of planet [HZb] (Glosbe-HZ) ● theke gömb; thekild

gömbölyű [HU-Iszfahani] (DeCs)

gondoskod|ik to cater, do for,

look after, maintain, provide, see

▪zá

(n) kör circle

▪záko

(n) bolygó planet <szeker, szék, fa szék, fészek>


94


to, tend, worry gondoz to tend,

look after, attend (to), care,

culture, husband, keep, maintain,

nurse, see to, take care of ●

gondos ☐ careful, regardful,

attentive, diligent, searching,

tender, thoughtful ● gondosság

care, dilligence, heed,

thoughtfulness

gondoskodó, gondozó

(n) attendant, caretaker,

custodian, caregiver, carer, tender

gondviselő guardians, tutelary

◷ (reg-Székely) Hetevény,

Hetemény (syn) 1.) Fiastyúk

2.) Göncölszekér. Mondai

adat: Fiastyúk csillagképe

csakugyan hét csillagból áll,

melyek legfényesebbike a

tyúkot, a többi hat pedig

annak a csibéit képviseli."

Révai Nagy Lexikona. (SaAt)

gon = fon = von

▶gond, göngyöl, gólya, golyó,

göndör, fontolgat

◦gom kyaop

(v) to protect, defend or guard from attack, invasion, annoyance, etc.;

to meditate <fontolgat>

◦gom kyaop baam

(n) protection, the act of protecting; the state of being protected;

patronage; meditating

◦gom kyaop boo

(n) protector, one who or that which protects; a defender, guardian;

meditator

◦gom kyaop loong baam boo

(n) protectorate, the relation of a strong state toward a weaker state

or territory which it protects and partly controls; a state or territory

so protected

◦gom chyen

(n) meditator, one who or that which meditates; a person who lives in

seclusion or apart from society, often for religious meditation; a

religious voluntarily immured or remaining for life within a cell

recluse <fontolgat>

◦gom jyook

(n) rule, principle or regulation governing conduct, action,

procedure, arrangement, etc; order <vonalzó, rendelet, mondás, rend>

göngyöl

to collar, wrap; (arc) gömgyöl;

(def) bundle/fold (hair, fur,

cotton, hemp or other

harvested item) together; (syn)

gongyol (CzF)

göngyölít

to ball (up), roll, wind

▪táng

(n) bundle <^tangle^>

▪tángko

(n) basket


95


göngyöleg

(n) web, roll, torse, wrapper,

envelope, swathing,

integument; to furl; (arc syn)

gongyola, gongyolát

göngyölegsúly

(n) tare; tarló /ˈtɒrloː/ stubble

(short stalks left in field post-

harvest), crop/plant residues

<tare?>

tarlórépa

(n) turnip; (syn) fehérrépa,

petrezselyemgyökér

gyom

(n) weed(s); gyomlál to weed

(out), hoe; gyomlálás weeding

kigyomlál

to stub, weed (out)

▶gom*, tanya, pongyola,

pólya, poggyász, eke, runcat,

gönye

▪tabók

(n) abdomen, stomach, belly, womb

▪tarók

(num) six <(bib) divide wheat from tares, 666>

jŭ

(n) thorn

jŭ próṅ

(n) weeds; quantities/thicket of thorns <próṅ many>

gúny

(v) to ridicule, irony, jest,

mock(ery), scorn, taunt

gyŭn

(v) [obscure] to become rigid <irony iron = vas; being rigid leads one to

ridicule, mock others (because they are not like you)>

görbe

curve(d), bent, tortuous,

spline, arched, bow(ed),

curvilinear, hooked, line,

sinuous, twisted, winding

görbül

to bend

*k'or, 'k'or-ba

(v) to go round, to wander round, to encircle

gar-gar-bo

(n) one <who is> crooked


96


görbület

(n) curvature, bend(ing),

camber, crook, curve, elbow,

flex, sweep, turn

könyök /ˈkøɲøk/

(n) elbow, bend, cubit, ell

görcs

(n) gnarl, knot, spasm, snag

görgő

(n) caster, roller, wheel

gurít

to roll, send smg rolling, bowl,

trundle, wheel; guriguri

double-runners

gurul

to trundle, wheel, roll

gret

(v) to be hooked

▪(a-)ká t'u (ta)

(n) elbow

▪kiríl

(v) to roll thread into ball

gŭr, gar, gar gar

(adj) curved, crooked at one end, bent; (v) to be curved, etc. (see also

kar <kör>)

gyul

(v) to be oval, ovalshaped (as cup, weights of net)

Gy

gyakorol

practice, exercise, pursue,

cultivate, drill, exert, exert,

train, wield

◦gya

(v) to observe, keep, follow, adhere to, perform duly

gyakran /ˈɟɒkrɒn/

often, a lot, frequently, again

and again, commonly,

oftentimes, regularly, greatly,

much, substantially, vastly

gye gye

(adv) much, very much, so as to excite wonder

yaṅ-ṅă

(n) altogether, entirely, completely, quite, always, ever


97


gyalog /ˈɟɒloɡ/

(adv) on foot, afoot, by foot;

(chess) pawn (least valuable

piece)

gyaloglom

(I) take a walk/am walking

lomha ☐

(n) slow(poke) ▶lusta

găl-lă (for gă-lă)

(adv) hasty manner, running, flowing

▪lóm

(v) to walk

▪lóm

(n) road, way

găl-lă lóm (IM)

<(v) to walk (on) road>

lóm-ba kyop-bo, kyop kyop lóm

(v) be slow in walking as sick man <kyop-bo = (n) one reduced to a

supine state <hanyatt fekvő>>

lóm-bo

(n) a walker

gyalu ☒ /ˈɟɒlu/

(n) (carpenter's) plane; slicer,

cutter

gyalul

plane, pare, plough, reduce,

shave

horonygyalu

(n) plane

gyaluforgács

(n) shavings

gyalulás

planer, shaving

gyaluvas

(n) bit

gyalus

(n) planer, plougher

*gyal, gye

(v) to win, gain victory, conquer, vanquish, overcome <Jesus as

carpenter>


98


gyanú ☐

(n) suspicion (especially of

something wrong), idea, hunch,

inkling

gyanús

doubtful, suspicious, dubious,

equivocal, fishy, queer, shady,

suspect

gyanúsitani

to suspect

gyanúsan

suspiciously

gyanakvó

wary, distrustful, cagey,

suspicious, yellow

▶szégyen, gyenge

*sám-čŭ, *sám-čŭṅ

(adj) pusillanimity, weakminded <sám szán = the mind, thought>

sám-čŭṅ mat

(v) to be pusillanimous

sám zăṅ ṅŭn

(v) to be filled with fear

sám róṅ

(v) to be in doubt; (n) a doubtful hesitating

gyap

(pos root re:) <di: dív, dísz, díj

származtak, (diap, lágyítva

gyap)> lush(-growing), wealth,

abundance, honor; <tap: tapadó>

soft, sticky; (re:) watta (CzF)

gyapjú ◫ /ˈɟɒpjuː/

(n) wool, fleece, lambswool,

woollen <whiteness, purity> ●

gyapjas /ˈɟɒpjɒʃ/ woolly

<holy?> ● gyapot ☐ cotton ●

gyap-juh <Jézu(s)?>, gyapjas-

juh honorable lamb, woolly

<holy?> lamb ● gyap-juhász

(n) honorable shepherd (IM)

Jézus

Jesus <jó szűz, győző?>

Joshua

Józsua

gyór

(v) to glow as fire, glaze, glitter, be shining, brilliant

gyór-lát

(n) izzás/ világít, ragyogás glow, effulgency, brilliancy

*gan, gyăn, gyan, gen, gyen

(n) teher; üzleti, kereskedelmi, szakmai, díj, hivatal burden;

business, trade, profession, charge, office

*gyal, gye

(v) nyerni, győzelmet szerezni, meghódítani, legyőzni, leküzd to

win, gain victory, conquer, vanquish, overcome

*gye-bo, *gye-pu

(n) hódító, győztes, nyertes a conqueror, victor, winner

*gyal-po, gye-pu \ Gyalpo

(n) király, uralkodó king, monarch

*gyal-se

(n) 1) herceg prince, 2) szent saint


99


gyaponik ☐ (arc)

(v) to ignite, kindle, cause to

burn; gyapont, gyapunt (arc)

ignite, generate, impassion; (ex)

"És gyaponts engem te szent

szerelmedben." cech-Cod.

"Hogy az isteni szeretetet, ki

mind ez világon megholt

vala, felindojtaná, avagy

felgyopontaná." Érs. Cod. (CzF)

gyăn-lá-bo

(n) hatékony tiszt an efficient officer

gyár

(n) factory, (manufacturing)

plant, works, mill, house

gyártson!

(imp) [you] produce!

gyárt

(v) manufacture, produce, turn

out

gyártás

(n) production, construction,

making, fabrication, manufacture,

processing

gyarmatok

(n) possessions

gyarmat

(n) colony, possession,

plantation

gyarapodik ☐

gyarapít

to augment (increase, add to,

refine) <...as gold!>

gyarapított/gyárt arany

(n) refined/manufactured gold

*gar, gar-ťsóṅ, gar-sóṅ

(n) a smithy, smith's workshop

bór

(v) to apply mechanical aid to raise or effect an object

bór-ťap

(v) to apply mechanical aid, a screw or leverage

*gyu


gyu sok

(v) to accumulate riches, wealth

gyu mat

(v) to merchandise

gom

(n) fészkel nestle, to provide with or settle in a nest, as birds, to settle

or ensconce snugly, to put or press confidingly or affectionately, hug,

guard, protect ▶gom, gomb, (föld)gömb

jer-ṕi

(v) to refine gold

jer-a-yaṅ

(n) fine gold


(n) burden; business, trade, profession, charge, office


100


gyarló

fallible, flimsly, frail, vile,

weak

dyál-bo

(adj) weak, shaky, slight

gye!

giddyup!; (def) lovat menésre

nógató szócska (CzF)

gyerek, gyermek ☐

(n) child

igyekszik, igyekezik

endeavor, aspire, exert, aim,

try, hasten, hurry, strive,

struggle, undertake

⚑ Gyeke falu Erdélyben,

Doboka megyében (CzF)

gyek, gek

(v) to bring forth, to give birth to; to be born, to be generated, to be

created (life)

a-gyek

(n) a birth

gyékény

(n) bulrush, mat, rush; (def) type

of tall plant <reed grass> growing

in, near water (used in Egyptian

papyrus (paper), rope, to build

arks/boats in Biblical times; moist

inner flesh also may be eaten) (OED) <kény ♬ cane nád>

gyékényszőnyeg

(n) mat(ting), straw mat

geszt ☐

(n) a gyümolcs fás héja fruit

tree’s peel

gesztenye /ˈɡɛstɛɲɛ/

(n) chestnut, castor, Castanea

gyek muk

(n) a plant

rŭk-lóp

(n) 1) the castor oil-plant, Ricinus communis; 2) a spec. of Calamus

kálmos <sweet flag>, three species: uṅ rŭk-lóp, hik-bŭ-să rŭk-lóp,

fat-nók rŭk-lóp


101


Gergely ✘, ♂

(pn) Gregory

görgő

(n) castor ↔ ung rŭk-lóp

> Jerkaielo Görgő, hód Castor;

(myth-Greek) Pollux testvére

brother of Pollux: Jerkeni. The

two = the Dioscuri; (astr) Ikrek

Csillagkép egyik csillaga one

of the twin stars in Gemini

constellation; Jerku Ikrek

Gemini [SA-HU] (VAA)

diosgenin

(n) (org chem) diosgenin, (def)

steroid sapogenin from certain

yams, having estrogenic activity

Diósgyőr, Diósjenő ⚑

▶hód, Hám, akár

gyen-, gyön-

(pre) (pos root) (arc) gyöny

szegényes, enyhe meager, mild

(arc) gyön jön to come <ex:

létrehoz (a világba jönni)

generate (come into the world);> (CzF)

gyenge ☐

(adj) meager, mild, tender,

vulnerable ● gi(gy?)evi kegyes

gracious; gi(gy?)evisi

kegyelmes merciful;

di(gy?)evild diadalmas

(dolog) triumphant (smg);

di(gy?)evisi diadalmas

(személy) triumphant (smb)

[HU] (PeIm)

*jóm2, jam, jám

(v) 1) puhának, finomnak, vékonynak lenni to be soft, fine, thin; 2)

gyengédnek, szelídnek lenni to be tender, gentle; 3) elfáradtnak,

megcsömörlöttnek lenni to be wearied, disgusted with

*nyen

(v) szelídnek, enyhének, kedvesnek lenni to be meek, mild, gentle

nyen-bo

(adj) szelíd, enyhe, tanulékony gentle, mild, docile


(n) teher; üzlet, kereskedelm , szakma, díj, hivatal burden; business,

trade, profession, charge, office


102


gyengébb

(adj) weaker, fairer, gentler,

softer ● gyengít to weaken,

assuage, calm, lessen

gyermek ☐ , gyerek

(n) child

▶gyümölcs, gyöngy, gyógy,

jön, könny

nyen-lát

(adj) szelídség, stb.; képlékenynek, engedékenynek, könnyedesnek

lenni gentleness, etc.; to be ductile, yielding, facile

gyó*

(pos root, reg) good; (syn) jó (CzF)

gyógy- /ˈɟoːɟ/

healing, curative

gyógyul

heal, cure, recover

gyógyult

(n) whole, healed

▶jó, gyóta

*zó

(adj) to be elegant, magnificent, have fine appearance, be splendid

zó dot

(v) to beautify

gye gye

(adv) much, very much, so as to excite wonder <healing being a

'miracle' , exciting wonder in all?>

gyóta ☐

(n) (obs) forest, (forest) pasture

<medicinal plants found> (UMESz)

gyök

(n) root

gyógyszer

(n) medicine

gőlye, göje/gője, gönye,

gönne

(reg-Erd) sow, female pig, yelt,

gilt; (syn) koca, anyadisznó,

emse

zót

(v) to graze, pasturage

a-zót

(n) pasture, food for cattle and beasts

(a-)zót lyaṅ

(n) pasturage place for grazing

gyŭt

(n) a small bulbous root

▪món

(n) 1) medicine; 2) pig, boar <▶maszlag, Mânsalóng tale >


103


▪món mót

(n) sow

gyök

(n) root

gyökelem

(n) radical element, essential

meaning carried by root word

gyŭt, a-gyŭt, gyut

(n) a small bulbous root, applied chiefly to sŭṅ-krí and nyiṅ

<Sakyóng, Sungnyít conx? ▶maszlag, Mânsalóng tale >

gyömbér ☑ Latin

(n) ginger

◷1395: genber; 1405: gengber;

1525: Gewnghber; 1531

goenber; 1538: gÿewmber,

gyengbeert, Giomwer; 1659:

giumber, gyümbier, gömbér

hiṅ \ ▪heng

(n) gyömbér ginger

gyöngy

(n) pearl

gyöngyöz(ik)

(v) to sparkle, evervesce

⚑ Gyöngy Erdélyi falu

Szathmár megyében Szatmár

county town, Transylvania;

(cur) Giungi, Romania [MA]

Jongu <original spelling of Dzongú>

(pn) Lepcha motherland in North Sikkim

gye gye

(adv) much, very much, so as to excite wonder

gyors ☐

(adj) quick, fast, rapid, swift,

speedy, prompt, expeditious,

nimble, express, accelerated, agile,

expedite, facile, fleet, flying,

hasty, high-speed, presto, rash,

ready, short, spanking, snap,

sudden, tantivy, winged, zippy


104


gyorsít

(v) accelerate, advance, cultivate,

raise, press, pinch, quicken, force

bór-šet

(n) mechanism, machinery, art, science

bór-ťap

(v) to apply mechanical aid, a screw or leverage

gyűjt, gyújt

(v) to collect, gather, bring

together, glean, hive, hoard, save

gyűlés

(n) assembly, meeting,

convention, function, rally,

session, sitting

*gyu

(n) a gathering together, a collection of

◦gya

(v) to make lasting, accumulate or preserve something for future uses

(money, food, etc.), hoard; (n) an accumulation of smg for

preservation for future use

▪do

(v) to collect, gather together, assemble

lŭt

(v) to liberate, save, ransom; to aid or take the part of another

gyúl

(arc) catch fire

gyula

(n) military head (co-leader

w/spiritual ruler, the kende)

(syn) főbiró, fővezér, világi

hatalmat viselő tisztség ●

gaali oriási giant [SA-HU] (VAA) <^(military) general^>

maró gyúla(IM)

(n) caustic war leader

merev gyúla(IM)

(n) unyielding war leader

Gyula ♂

(pn) Julius <also: title used by

Roman leaders, Ceasar(s)>

ć'o-mí glót

(v) to light <ć'o-mí = lamp mécses, lámpa>

gyór

(v) to glow as fire, glaze, glitter, be shining, brilliant

*gyal, gye

(v) to win, gain victory, conquer, vanquish, overcome

*gye-bo, *gye-pu

(n) a conqueror, victor, winner

*gyal-po, gye-pu \ Gyalpo

(n) a king, monarch

Chogyal

<(n) temporal and spiritual king kende <Csúcs Gyula >

gŭl, gŭl-lă gŭl-lă, kă-gŭl-lă

(adv) worn by friction; also: indestructible, unyielding


105


gyulany

(n) hydrogen <highly

flammable>

gyúlékony

flammable, combustible, fiery,

ignitable, incendiary, tindery,

volatile

gyújt ☐

to light, fire, spark, gather,

collect

mă-ró kă-gŭl-lă

(n) an indefatigable person <mă-ró = human>

dyŭ

(v) to fight, make war, quarrel

dyŭt-bo

(n) one who fights, a warrior

gyăn-lá-bo

(n) an efficient officer


(n) burden; business, trade, profession, charge, office

gyór-lát

(n) glow, effulgency, brilliancy

glí-là

(adv) dinstinctly

gyüm*

gyümölcs

(n) fruit

csög

(n) bunch, knot; (syn) csomó,

bog, göcs (rev ←) <gyümölcs>

csögbog (CzF)

gyámolt kiskorú

(n) pupil, student

▶finom, nyáj, nyel, enyh,

arany, apró, jámbor, pót,

csomó, gyenge, gyöngy

ŭm \ ▪ʔum


a-ŭm

(adj) delicious, delightful; (n) flavour, taste

ŭm-ŭm

(adj) delicious

*jóm2, jam, jám

(v) 1) puhának, finomnak, vékonynak lenni to be soft, fine, thin; 2)

gyengédnek, szelídnek lenni to be tender, gentle; 3) elfáradtnak,

megcsömörlöttnek lenni to be wearied, disgusted with

H

ha /ˈhɒ/

(conj) if, unless, an(d), except

▪gang

(conj) if


106


hogyha /ˈhoɟhɒ/

(conj) if

▪gangne

(conj) if

hab

(n) foam, froth, drivel; (v) foams

● habar scramble, clammer,

climb

háp, hăp

(v) to cause to lap over

habarcs

(n) mortar, grout, bonding; (def)

Paste of binder (cement, plaster or

lime), sand and water; used in

masonry to make bricks, stones,

etc. stick together (WIKI)

bar, a-bar

(n) the middle of anything, the half <habarcs mortar found in middle

of two bricks>

had /ˈhɒd/

(n) army, military, host

▪dźu

(adj) pointed

Hadak Útja, Tejút

(pn) Milky Way; (reg-Erd)

Csaba útja (SaAt)

> Eejalona Tejút Milky Way

[SA-HU] (VAA)

> tuoji fenyő pine, fir; tuojekh,

tuojid fenyves pine [SA-HU]

ʔádyút

(n) fight <Hadak Út? fight = Hadi Üt(közet)?>

ʔádók

(n) pain

ʔádet

(n) movement

ʔádúm

(adj) white <mint a tej (Tejek Útja) like milk (Milky Way)?>

să-nóm să-dŭ lŭm-toṅ lŭm-ba

(ppn) the Milky Way <să-nóm=fortune, luck; king's forehead>


107


haj

(n) hair

a-myal

(n) haj (testi) hair (body)

hajaj!

(n) alas!, oh, boy! dear me!

a-ya-ya, a-ya a-ya

(exc) an expression of pain, wonder

hajl(ott)

<kanyargós?>

kal

(adj) to be crooked

lă-yo lă-sóṅ

(n) sin, guilt, (lit) 'without virute'

hajrá!

go for it!, tally-ho!, burst of

speed

hajt ◪

(v) to drive (away), propel,

actuate, chase ● hajtom (I) drive

away

hajt-nyom (IM)

(v) to drive-push

hajdú

(n) herdsman, 17th c foot-soldier

hajszol

(v) to pursue, chase, drive

(away), propel, chivy, gun for,

lash, rush

hajtószer

(n) purgative; (def) substance or

medicine that purges; laxative

(syn) hashajtó ● hortenzia

hydrangia <hortó-, hajtó->

hryá!

(imp) pull! <(ext) hryá húz(d) pull + rá! rajta! hunt!>

rá

(v) to hunt

hăt

(v) to drive a cattle

hăt nyón

(v) to drive away <fiercely> <nyón = fierce>

*gye-bo ḱa nók

(bot) Adamia cyanea <blue-berried adamia/hydrangia>, used as a

purgative <*gye-bo = gyula conquerer + ḱa ajak mouth + nók

lop/(el)nyom deprive/separate; (ext) conquering substance that

deprives (purges) the mouth of smg>


108


hal1

(n) fish(es) <Jesus as fisher of

men>

>>halad to progress; halom

heap (buried dead); halk quiet;

hall to hear>>

hal2

(v) to die, expire, pass

away/on ● haldokló dying

(approaching death), fey,

moribund (about to die)

múlik to pass, elapse, go (by),

progress

meg-

(pre) verbal prefix expressing

the completion or beginning of

an action

meghal

(v) to die, to pass away/on,

depart, expire, perish ● kimúlik

depart, die, pass away, cross the

river of death ● kimúlás death;

(syn) halál ● kimúlt birka

bundája mort, death

lúdmony

(n) (arc reg) stone cross, golden

anchor (CzF)

múlhatatlan

(adj) deathless, imperishable,

undying

halandóság mortality

▪ngú /ɦu/

(n) fish <silent 'n' pronunciation noted in HePl Grammar>

▪ngún /ɦun/

(v) to become <silent 'n' pronunciation noted in HePl Grammar>

mak det-bo

(n) deadly sick

mak \ ▪mák

a-lŭt mak

(v) to be dying

mak det

(v) to die, said of man, animal, tree, fire, dispute, used with (or

without) a-lŭt <heart, center <lét>> denotes excessive grief <(duo)

death as completion AND beginning>

mă, m-ám

(v) to call <for smb/g to listen/act; to pray is closely related> now(obs)

except "to call animals"

mak-să ši dóṅ

(v) to seek for with all one's heart as if death was within sight

halad ☑ Örökség, uráli

(v) proceed, advance, pass, come

along, drift, fare, get on (with), go

(on), head, move (on), progress,

run, speed ◷ 1138: ✘ Haladan,

Haladau; 1372 eleuehaladdotuala

hal-lă hal-lă

(v) to hurry, scurry <what fish hal do>

hát

(v) to be hasty; cfr. [TT] had had


109


pass (time), precede (spacially), move

place; haladek; 1416: halaʒtotta;

halogat leave (it) for later; 1456:

haladás, halogatok, halasztgat,

halogataʃʃal postpone, neglect;

1470: hallogaʃʃad [hallogat]; 1495:

halsztódik will be delayed,

postponed; 1508: exceed; 1517:

hallaztany; 1520: meg halladnaÿa;

1536: parry (fend, counter); 1539:

halogatas; 1585: halado; 1761:

halagattok; 1770: halogat;

halaszt(UMESz)

haladozik

proceeding <rare>

haladás

course, march, progress(ion),

advance(ment), going,

head(way)

siet

hurry, fast, hasten, fly, gain,

hie

zihálás

to gasp, wheeze

érzékeny

sensitive, irritable, susceptible,

raw, fast, tender, delicate, nice,

receptive, responsive, sensient,

sensuous, sore, testy, thin-

skinned, touchy

érzelmek

(n) feeling, emotions

hát-tă zuk

(v) to do anything in a hasty manner

sak hát

(v) to prosecute

hát-lă, hát-tă

(adj) gasping

hát-tă sak-čín

(n) a hasty, excitable temper

hát sak-lyak

(n) an irascible disposition

halk ☐

(adj) faint, soft (sounding), low,

subdued, muted, inaudible, quiet,

small, still

hŭk, a-hŭk

(n) spirit when become sour


110


háló1

(n) net(ting), mesh, web, lattice,

snare, fishnet, reticule

a-hok

(n) the commencement in making a net

halom /ˈhɒlom/ ☒ Szláv

(n) heap, pile, knoll, stack, batch,

clump, accumulation,

conglomerate, crowd, dump,

group, hillock, mass, mound, to

pile, mountain, peck, sheaf

kőhalom

(n) cairn, monument <nagy halom = hegy, mountain>

hlo

(n) a high mountain, upon which snow falls

ču

(n) mountain <hó-snow (on peaks); csúcs>

Hám, Khám

Ham, third son of Noah

Kain

Cain; son of Adam and Eve who

killed his brother Abel; in Gen 9,

Ham sees his father, drunk with

wine and uncovered, in his tent.

"Ham, …saw the nakedness of his

father, and told his two brethren

without." His older brothers,

Shem and Japheth, went to the

tent and, without looking at their

father, covered him. Upon

awaking, Noah curses Ham's

fourth son, Canaan, to slavery to

Shem and Japheth's lineage.

Scholars have speculated for

2,000 years what happened in the

tent exactly. The Talmud deduces

two possibilities: Ham castrated

Noah (leaving him unable to have

a fourth son; hence, Ham's fourth

son is cursed); and/or Ham slept

with Noah. Castration may be

mirrored in háml = to peel off ;

(ext) to remove/cut off, hasít to

hám

(v) to undermine as river, its banks

kán

(v) to pulverize, reduce to fine powder

▪čan màn

(n) bélszín, ágyék loins <čan = szem eye >

há

(v) to scrape, skim <háml peel, peel off; hasít to chop>

▪a-lam

(n) thigh comb <öl lap, ölem my lap>


111


chop; há = to scrape, hám = to

undermine> (WIKI)

hímvessző

(n) penis; hím male; vessző

comma <punctuation mark:

puncture-ation mark?>; rod, cane,

stave, stick; vesz to take; vész

calamity

comb /ʦomb/

(n) thigh(s), femur, leg(s), hip,

ham, haunch<ívváll>, limb, tibia

csíra /ˈtʃiːrɒ/

(n) rudiment, seed; (reg-Erd)

cera, cira (SaAt); csípő hip(s),

haunch, tingling

▶comb, hamu, csípő, maszlag,

gyón, mancs, kanyar, nedv,

gyékény

com

(v) to oppress <comma: a pause from fwd mvmt>

cóm

(v) to leave, leave behind, abandon

hamar ☐ /ˈhɒmɒr/

(adv) soon, early, presently,

shortly, fast

ha-le, ha-o

(adv) quickly

háml|ik

(v) to peel, peel off (in layers)

há

(v) to scrape, skim

flók


hamu

(n) ash(es), cinder(s)

yu, păyu

(n) light thin ashes

prú

(n) ash


112


hang /ˈhɒŋɡ/

(n) sound, voice

torkokhang

(n) guttural; (lit) throat sound

hangtalan /ˈhɒŋɡtɒlɒn/

silent, voiceless, mute, calm,

inaudible, noiseless, quiet,

soundless, speechless,

toneless, tuneless, wordless

hozzágondol

to understand, think

ríṅ, a-ríṅ \ ◦aaring

(n) 1) voice, sound, note of animals, birds, sound of trumpet, etc.; 2)

speech, words, talking, subject, matter, thesis ◦ (n) language,

communication by voice, form or manner of expression, speech,

conversation, dialect; what a person says or has to say

*rán2

(n) the mark ~ put over letters giving them a prolonged also gutteral

sound M. Gr. 5: a sort of circumflex sign, pronounced hard as if

written dran;

◦aaringaachum

(adj) voiceless, low-voiced, having an unmusical voice, uttered

without tonal vibration of the vocal cords

◦aaring ko

(n) one who understands; (adj) understanding, comprehension

hany

(n) marsh, bog, fen, mire,

moorland, morass, sough

> landa szárazföld drylands

[SA-HU]

lyáng

(n) soil, earth, land

hány1

(v) vomit, be sick, throw up

hajnal

(v) dawn[ing], aurora, daybreak,

orient, prime, red of dawn,

sunrise ● najal hajnal dawn

[SA-HU]

hányinger

(n) retch(ing), nausea, feeling of

sickness, quesiness ● felhány to

cast up, turn over ● felhány

vkinek vmit to upraid smb for

smg

nagyjábol felhangol

(v) to rough up

hluṅ

(v) to eject out of mouth, to vomit; to eject evil spirit

hro

(v) to come up

hróṅ, hrón \ ▪hróng

(v) to come up, to rise up ◦ (v) come up, arrive from a lower place or

region <as sun comes up in the morning>

hiṅ \ ▪heng

(n) gyömbér ginger ◷ 1405: gengber (UMESz) <hányingeri

győgyszer> <Ginger is a very popular, important crop in Sikkim.>

◦flyaong

(v) to put to flight, force to flee, rout, disperse in defeat and

disorderly flight <megfutamodás>


113


felhánytorgat

(v) vmit vkinek to cast smg up

to/against smb

hány2

(adj) how much, how many, what

▪khá

(n) num. score

hány3

(n) cat; (syn) cica, kandúr,

krapek, macska, muksó,

rókázik

▪ʔályú

(n) cat

hanyag ☒

(adj) negligent, sloppy, derelict,

forgetful, heedless, inadvertant,

inattentive, indolent, lax,

oblivious, reckless, remiss,

slothful, unmindful; (1808)

langyos, (1831) felületes,

nemtörődöm

hanyatl|ik

(v) to decline, decay, ebb, fall off,

retrograde, sink, wane

hangya

(n) ant <insect that goes

underground>

hlat

(v) to fall, as leaves from tree, hair from head

harag

(n) anger

haragú (hirtelen haragú) (adj)

hot-tempered

hrún

(adj) hot, warm, spicy

kar-ră

(adj) hot-tempered

három

(num) (3) three <^harmony^?>

sam

(num) three


114


harminc

(num) (30) thirty

harminc-hat

(num) (36) thirty-six

kă-sam

(num) thirty

su sam

(n) three edges, triangular <triangulate=háromszögelés>

▪káchám

(adv) in three days' time, after three days <(re:) belief that spirit

remains on Earth for 3 days before liberation?>

hasonlat

(n) simile, semblance

hasonló

(adj) similar, akin, (a)like,

analogous, comparable, parallel,

such

▪klánlá

(adj) resembling

zóṅ

(adj) like <similar to>

hát

(n) back; why; now ● hát- dorsa

hátsó

(n) rear, back(side), hind(er), aft,

after, buttocks, cheeks, posterior,

rump, tither

hátország hinterland, heartland

hát

(v) to lose, leave behind

ʔácáng

(n) back

hat1

(num) six (6)

▪tarók

(num) six

hat2

(v) affect, take (effect), act,

actuate, do, effect, grab, grip,

have, impinge, operate, seize,

taken, work (on), wreak, impress

pot

(v) to imbue with, infuse, take anything with hands, fling with

fingers, dash on externally so as to have influence on (as water

dashed into face), have effect on, be affected by; to absorb, soak in,

infuse


115


határoz (meghatároz)

(v) to name, give rise to, allocate,

cause, determine

hatékony, hatatós

(adj) effecient, efficacious, potent,

effective, powerful, smart

hathatósan

(adv) ably, effectively

ház

(n) house; (arc reg-Kórógy)

håoz (VaCs6)

lí3

(n) a house <^lair, lie, lay^>

heg /ˈhɛɡ/

(n) scar, crust, seam, callus,

cicatrix, cicatrice; (def)

permanent mark on the skin

resulting from a wound <welt>

> hegati vkit, vmit tisztel

(infinitivus perf. hegatin) [SA-

HU] (VAA) <respect after

healing/purifying?>

heged ☐

to heal, mend, scar/scab over

heges

scabby; hegesedés scar(ring)

hegeszt /ˈhɛɡɛst/

to weld; (def) to join materials

(esp metals) by applying heat

hegesztés /ˈhɛɡɛsteːʃ/

weld(ing), joint

hegesztő

(n) welder <welter>

hyŭ

(v) to join together as metal, two pieces of iron so as to leave no mark

a-hyŭt

(adj) joined together; pure as silver


116


hegy

(n) mountain, hill, mount, point,

mound, berg, loma, highlands

> jagh hegy mountain <jég?>;

hegalb legfelső highest; hegati

vkit, vmit tisztel (inf. perf.

hegatin) respect smb/smg [SA-

HU] (VAA)

havas

(n) snowy; (arc) snow-capped

(treeless) mountain

hóborította

(n) (fátlan) hegy; <hegyes>

hegyesebb

most pointed, sharpest

hegyszoros

(n) notch, defile, mountain pass

⚑ Hegyszoros Szarvaslak,

Muravidék village in former

Hungary; (cur) Sotina,

Rogašovci, NE Slovenia

hlo

(n) mountain <hó-snow (which is found on mountain peaks)>

hent

(pos root)

hentereg

wallow, flounder, welter; (def)

to roll one's self about, as in

mire

trágár

pornographic, vulgar, dirty,

indecent

trágya

(n) manure, dung, fertilizer,

chip, excrement, fym, ordure

▪à-yit

(n) dung


117


hervad ☒ /ˈhɛrvɒd/

(v) wilt, fade, wither

nyerít

(v) to neigh, whinny <neigh ♬

nay = no nem, tagad>

*nyer /ɲe~ɛr/

(v) wane: to decrease periodically in the extent of its illuminated

portion after the full moon, opposed to wax; (n) the waning of the

moon, a period of waning, time or period after full moon till the new

moon (LEED)

nyer kaat /ɲe~ɛrkət/

(n) the first day after the full moon, the 16th day of the month (LEED)

hervadó hold (IM)

(n) (lit) wilting/fading moon

lă-vo nyer /la-ˈvoɲe~ɛr/

(adj) the wane of the moon

hét

(num) 7, seven; week

> jeti hét seven [SA-HU]

(VAA)

hetes

tizenhét 17, seventeen

Hádész, Hadész

Hades (def) In the Septuagint

Bible, the Greek translation of

Sheol; The god of the

underworld and ruler of the

dead, son of Cronus and Rhea,

brother to Zeus, Poseidon;

(syn) alvilág, csehenem,

dzsehennem, pokol

kă-kyăk \ ▪kakyók

(num) seven <kă = (pre) forming numerals>

kă-kyăk-bo

(num) the seventh

▪kakyók tháp

(num) seventeen <tháp = tizen- -teen>

kăk

(v) to shake <+ y = cause of; (ext) kyăk = cause of the shaking>

kăk

(iq) krăm, tă-i kăk

ká-ka

(contr) fr. ká-ka ?

Hétmagyar (törzsszövetség)

(lit) Seven Hungarians (tribal

alliance); (def) clans that banded

together via blood oath to (re)take

hyŭ

(v) to join together as metal, two pieces of iron so as to leave no mark

a-hyŭt

(adj) joined together; pure as silver


118


the Carpathian Basin, aka as The

Conquest Honfoglalás

hatum hathatóság

(n) potentia efficacy, cogency;

hatumyn hatékonyan,

hathatósan effectively, ably [SA-

HU] (VAA)

hla thu (HaSi1, p194)

(n) open-air shrine near Tingbung built of two groups of natural

stones representing mountain peaks or ridges; each group had a large

stone in the middle representing kong chen (K

Kabi Longtsok

(pn) site of Sacred Grove where 13c. bloodbrother oath was made

between Lepcha and Bhotia

Ka-yu-sa-vi Lung-tsok

(pn) (lit) Oath sworn-in with our blood [smeared] on erect stone,

making it a sacred stone or Ney-do; <another breakdown> 'Kabi'

meaning Ka-yu-sa-bi or our blood and 'Long' meaning stone and

'Tsok' meaning erect. Kayu-sa-bi-na Long-tsok: erect stone with our

blood which is an oath sworn. (SIBLAC)

hév /ˈheːv/

(n) ardour, drive, élan, fever, fire,

glow, heat, mettle, pathos,

vehemence, verve, wamth, zeal

heves ☐

hot, feverish, flaming ● hévenes

August, harvest <^heaven^,

^haven^?>

felhevít

(v) to heat (up), excite, stir

hru

(adj) to be hot

hí

(v) (poe) to call (to do smg)

hip

(to have a) merry mood (ex. when

starting to dance, jump); hipp

(arc) distant-calling sound(CzF)

hopp

(v) to hop to it, jump

hŭp

(v) to jump

a-hŭp

(n) the jumping downards


119


hibban(t)

(adj) crazy, wacky, nuts, insane

<off your rocker>; crazed, light-

hearted

hiphop

(twin) to dance, jump, encourage

others to dance, etc.; (lit) hip

have a merry mood + hopp

hop to it/jump hipethopot;

(folkstory say) "Szól bátyám

dudája, hiphop a nótája,

ugorjunk a táncba." Horv.

Ádám(CzF) <19th C Hungarian

dictionary includes this word;

now nearly impossible to find in

online Hung. dictionaries; all refer

only to (cur) hip-hop/rap music

definition>

hibál

(v) to dangle

hím ☐

(n) male, male animal, buck, cock,

dog, he, jack, male plants

himba, himbakar

(n) rocker; fly, beam, rock-lever,

rock-staff, balance-beam

himbál(ás) ☐

(v) to rock, slew, sway, swing ●

himbálódzó rolling, see-saw,

swinging ◷ 1748: himbálódzot

to dangle; 1783: him-bállyák; ◷

1621: hibbanni to tilt, slip, fall;

1795 k.: hibbad, hibbadni to

slip, overthrow megcsúszik;

1874: [meg~] hibbanyik goes

crazy, losing [his] mind

megbolondul; 1895: to be wrong

téved; 2. 1863: warped; to wane,

lose weight; lappad, lohad (UMESz)

hímez-hámoz

to talk back-and-forth (CzF)

a-hŭp a-hŭp nóṅ

(n) the jumping downwards, a descent by jumping <nóṅ = -ong>


120


hideg ☐

(adj) cold, bleak, frigid

uṅ hyáṅ

(n) hideg víz cold water <uṅ = víz water>

▪khek

(v) megfagyni to freeze

híg

(v) to water [down/dilute]

▪~ung

(n) water

hirtelen ☐ /ˈhirtɛlɛn/

(adv) sudden(ly), abrupt(ly),

steep, impetuous, precipitous(ly),

out of the blue, quick, all at once,

off-hand(ed), tight, rash(ly), rigid,

stiff, stringent, tense, bang, blunt,

brusque, choppy, dead, hasty,

jerky, headfirst, headlong, slap-

dash, rapid, quick, speedily,

stunned, warm; (~lit) (when the)

news is full <hir news + tele full>

tír, tír-lă

(adv) suddenly

tír-lă lám

(v) to fly suddenly away <✝ when Good News is (ful)filled?>

hó1

(n) snow

havas

(adj) snowy; (arc) snow-capped

(treeless) mountain hóborította

(fátlan) hegy

> hovesi

(n) juhász shepherd <haver,

Jehova jöve hozzá came to

him/her/them> [HU] (PeIm)

*ró, *mik-ró

(n) hó látvány snow spectacles <mikró micro>

▪hyu

(v) megtisztítani to purify <fehér hó ezt is csinálja white snow does this

exactly>


121


hó2, hónap ☑ Uráli

(n) month; (arc) havas holdkór

hó, hold1

(n) moon, the Moon, natural

satellite, Luna, lamp, parish

lantern, satellite

haver

(n) buddy, coven sidekick, friend,

crony <ho-vér?>

havonta

(adj) monthly

havibaj

(n) menses, monthly period

dátum-hó(IM)

(n) date-month

lă-bo

(adj) (one) able to bear or to endure

lă-vo /la-ˈvo/

(n) the moon, a month; met. the ministers of king <the moon as king's

friend/sidekick> <hover = habozik, lebeg>

lă-vo lă-vo /la-ˈvo la-ˈvo/

(adj) monthly

a-ví

(n) menses <monthly period>

dátho

(n) almanac

hód

(n) beaver(s), castor

hódprém

(n) beaver, castor ● prém fur ●

hódpatkány coypus, nutria ●

hódmókus mountain beaver

vidra

(n) otter, nutria; (syn) kitérülő

sárkány

▪ʔút

(n) vidra otter

să-ryóm

(n) a vidra an otter <să- = (előtag) természetes elem (állati , növényi) (pre)

natural element ( animal, plant) >

hóka

(n) animal (horse mainly) with

white streak/coloring on his

forehead (CzF)

bók, a-bók

(adj) white and black nearly half of each (said of animals)


122


holló /ˈholːoː/

(n) (common) raven, corvus,

crow(s), corbie; poison pen letter

hollók

(n) crows

hallok

I hear ● hallócső trumpet, (syn)

kürt ♬ crowed

varjú /ˈvɒrjuː/

(n) crow(s), rook, corvus, carrion-

crow, hooded crow, raven(s)

o lók-fo, o lak-fo

(n) a crow; see or-fo lók-fo under lók-fo <fo=madár>

a-lók-fo

(n) crow: the species in general

ór-fă-lók fo

(n) Indian corby or crow, Corvus culminatus

o lók-fo

(n) a crow

a-ryan

(n) the crow of cock Main. 113

hik-bŭ ryan ryu

(n) the cock's crow is a fortunate auspice

homályos

(adj) vague, fuzzy, dim, hazy,

gloomy, unclear, cloudy, misty,

uncertain, apocalyptic(al), bleary,

dusk(y), foggy, murky, muddy,

shady, obscure

dam

(n) mud

dam-šók

(n) mud, clay

homlok

(n) forehead, brow, front, facial

mik-myon

(n) brow

a-tʻyak kin

(n) forehead <a-tʻyak = head fej, (reg-Erd) esztok>

horgony

(n) anchor

horog ☐

(n) fish-hook

nyól, nyól-lăṅ

(n) hajói horgony anchor of a ship

vór

(n) fish-hook


123


horkol

(v) to snore

nyerít

(v) to neigh, whinny

nyór

(v) alvó röfögés, nyögés to grunt, groan or moan in sleep

horony

(n) chase, groove, gutter, notch

ránc

(n) wrinkle, pleat, crease, fold,

furrow, plait, plica, pucker, ruga,

seam, tuck, wimple ráncba szed

(say) bring [them] to heel, teach

[them] a lesson; (arc) plait,

creases ◷ ranchos 1520: plait,

wrinkles, frown; 1702: error,

eclipse; rancholtatoth; 1560:

wrinkles, frown

homorú

(adj) concave, hollow

hornyol

(v) to channel, furrow, groove ●

hornyolás fluting, furrow,

grooving ● hornyolat

gorge, notched

horonygyalu

(n) (carpenter's) plane

rece

(n) (file) teeth, (coin) milling <ribbed edging protecting against

illegal clipping> ● recemunka

(v) to filet

hor

(n) üreges, mint a föld hollow, as ground; (adj) vájt, feltárt, odvas

hollowed out, excavated, scooped out <vájt

*roṅ

(n) hegyszoros, szűk szoros/hágó a defile, a narrow pass <szűk a kapu

narrow is the gate>

róṅ, a-róṅ

(n) szarv, agancs horn, antlers <szarvas agancs félhold alakú, közepén

üreges deer anters are crescent-shaped, with a hollow in the middle>

hoṅ \ ▪hong

(v) üregesnek lenni, mint, a szem, a hang; beesni, mint a Föld , híd,

liszt; eltörött mint egy üveg to be hollow, as eye, voice; to fall in, as

earth, bridge, flour; to be broken as bottle; ◦ (adj) üreges, mélyedés hollow

hóṅ

(adj) tágas, nem kitöltött, semmiséges, üres, üreges, beesett to be

spacious, not to be filled, be void, empty, hollow; (v) kikaparni, bottal,

lapáttal to scrape out as with stick, scoop out


124


Hortóbágy ⚑

(pn) village in Hajdú-Bihar

County, Hungary, ismert az

újévi regelő szokásuknak

known for New Year's regö

caroling <kantálás>: regös

carol, caroler; (reg) Dunántul,

Erdély regelő szökás custom of

greeting <ringing in>New Year

with song <rege> (BaGa)

hagyomány

(n) tradition <rég = long ago,

rege = legend, tale, story>

hajtószer

(n) purgative; smg that purges; <purging old (year) for new;

hortenzia Adamia cyanea

hydrangia, Lepcha's use as purgative → hajtó=hortó=hányó>

hányó

(adj) vomiting ● hányinger

nausea

> Hagnoayse (elavult

helyesírási első írásos forrás,

1443 obsolete spelling of first

written source, 1443); (cur)

Hogmanay skót szilveszteri

ünneplés (hasonló a

Hortóbágyihoz) Scottish New

Year's Eve celebration (similar to

Hortóbágyi) ● Holdújév

Chinese New Year ● Nengajo

Japanese New Year

bágyadt

(adj) weak, faint, sickly, languid

bagykó, bacsók

(n) (reg-Erd, Palóc) farsangi

álarcos, jelmezes carnival

mask, costume

Laasoboo (LTL)

(pn) groups of Lepcha youths visit houses on New Year's Eve,

delivering cultural programs (songs, etc.)

Rangoli (WIKI)

(n) floor, courtyard designs of colored rice, sand, flour or flower

petals made during Indian festivals

lúngten

(n) hagyomány tradition

hro

(v) to come up


(v) to come up, to rise up ◦ (v) come up, arrive from a lower place or

region <as sun comes up in the morning?>

hluṅ

(v) to eject out of mouth, to vomit; to eject evil spirit

Loosong (DaRa)

(n) Szikkim Újév Sikkimese New Year

bhailo (DaRa)

(n) song sung by Nepali girls visiting houses in groups during Tihar

<5-day festival of lights celebration>


125


hortó-bágy(IM) ‘gyengeség

öblítés’ ‘purging weakness’ <(ext) ahol erőt, reményt, örömet

(újra) megerősitjük? a place to

(re)gain strength, hope, joy?>

▶reg, rege, hajrá!, hány

hossz

(adj) length, long, boom, bull

market ● hosszan continually,

long ● hosszú élet longevity;

(lit) long life

hyrăn, ă-hyrăn

(adj) hosszú long

hozomány

(n) dowry

lŭk-myen

(n) feleségért fizetett ára the price paid for a wife

hű ☐

(n) (arc root) staring in

astonishment ● chü hű; Chun,

Nagy Kutya Canis Major, férfi,

hun, harcos [HU] (PeIm)

hűbéres

feudatory, liege(man), man,

vassal < feudatory ♬ fő datolya,

datolyapálma = Phoenix

dactylifera, date palm>

hiú

(adj) chesty; hiúz ☐ bobcat, lynx

Hun, Kun

inkább

(adv) before, first, more (likely),

preferably, rather, soon

▪chú

(n) strength, courage

▪kun

(n) sort of fishnet

▪kuṅ

(n) tree, branch, stem

▪kyoṅ

(n) river

▪ngún /ɦun/

(v) to become <pronunciation noted in HePl Grammar>

han-mo

(n) the ordinal number (of han only); the first


126


Hunor

<hon őr?, honor, han-mo the

first; horony groove (grove?)

Róng; horgony anchor; kende

spiritual leader; alpha>

Magor

<mag őr? gyula military

leader, major; Magyar;

omega>

magolja

(v) (obs) cut (away), break apart <azért hogy tudhassanak

növekedni, magok ezt csinálják

(ugy mint az Ősrobbanásban: a

pont ‘magolja, megölje’ magát

hogy több élet létezhet) seeds do

this to grow; (~re:) big bang, where

the point breaks itself apart so that

more life can exist > (MSS)

Mŭṅ kŭṅ :: Mŭng kŭng (SiRi2)

(pn) one of the two male 'shoulder gods' <that sit invisibly on either

side of men's shoulders; kŭṅ fa tree; kéreg (tree) bark >

Măṅ la :: Măng la (SiRi2)

(pn) one of the two male 'shoulder gods' <that sit invisibly on either

side of men's shoulders >

hull /ˈhulː/

(v) to fall, stream/flow (as tears),

fall out (as hair), die

hulladék

(n) clippings, cutting, waste,

debris, discard, trash, scrap

hullám

(n) wave, breaker, surf, billow

ondolálás wave of hair

hlat

(v) to fall, as leaves from tree, hair from head

▪tyul

(v) to fall

a-hlat

(n) dead leaves that have fallen from trees <fa alatt?>

hlam

(v) to stretch out, extend as hand <waves do this>

hüllő

(n) reptile, a cold-blooded

vertebrate

bŭ

(n) a reptile, a worm; caterpillar, leech


127


huncut

(n) rascal, elfin, elfish, impish,

arch, mischievous, perky, rogue,

roguish, waggish

dezentor

(n) (reg-Szamosháti) naughty,

fake, prankster child, knave

huncut, hamis, csínytevő

gyermek, gazfickó; (syn)

csintalan, akasztani való,

gézengúz, mihaszna,

rosszcsont, pernahajder,

csirkefogó, kópé, csibész,

haszontalan, bitang, bajkeverő,

nagyszájú, lókötő,

semmirekellő, csalafinta,

jómadár, ebugatta, hitvány,

rosszalkodó, zsivány

▶ sark, sípsor

▪dyángtung

(n) sarok, szél, megsarkal heel

hús ☐

(n) meat, flesh, steak

*ša

(n) flesh, game

húsz

20, twenty

▪khá

(num) score = twenty <húsz> <e.g. four score, 4x20=80>

húz /ˈhuːz/

to pull, drag, draw, hale, haul,

heave, hitch, pluck, lug, tow,

tug

húzlaló

(n) (obs) 1) a well's driving-

weight or kölönc; 2) piece a

plowcart chain or ekelánc clips

into (syn) kampós szeg,

▪khá

(num) score = twenty <húsz> <e.g. four score, 4x20=80>

hlam

(v) to stretch out

a-kă hlam

(v) to extend as hand

du hlam

(v) to dig deep, investigate, strive perseveringly


128


akasztó, ósó vonató, segíszëg,

foglalószëg (BaGy)

a kart húzlalom (IM)

(I) draw the arm

túr húzlaló(IM)

plowing deeply down (well,

into ground); (lit) digging (the)

driving weight

kihúz

draw (out), extrude, expunge,

outdent (move smg to a higher

outline level), drag (out), pull

(out), protract; cancel, cross

out, expunge, blackout, cut

out, delete, rule out, strike out,

scratch out

kyó

(v) to take out as with spoon, to ladle out

I- Í

ide

(adv) to (right) here; (ant) oda

idegen ☐

(adj) foreign, alien, extraneous

<ide-jön?> ● vendég ☐ guest <alávetés submit>

a-tiṅ

(n) part, division < nem ‘mi’ -velünk kapcsolatos… nem az egységböl

való not one of 'us', not part of the whole>

idő, (arc) ydeu(GoCg)

(n) time, weather, clock, period,

spell, temporal, tense, times,

while

idén

this year

idény

season, time, period, time (of

year)

tu

(n) time, season

dyóm, a-dyóm

(n) a period or space of time, a time

dem2

(n) time, period


129


ütem

(n) beat (rhythmic)

iga

(n) yoke, harness, subjugation;

cufflinks

igáz (leigáz)

to enslave

igásló

(n) draft horse, carthorse

⚑ Igal, Hungary

óṅ

(v) to sell into slavery

igaz /ˈiɡɒz/

(adj) true ● igazán truly

Ég

(n) sky; (v) burn; (arc) God

igazi

real

de igaz

yes, indeed

▪ʔyáng

(adj) real, true

*den4

(n) true, faith, belief, just

igen ☐

(adv) yes; aha, ja (col) yes ●

igenlő affirmative, positive, yes

● igenlés affirmation,

affirmative, amen

ámé

(v) (pos root) staring (mouth

agape) in amazement, marvelling:

(der) ámét, ámít, ámúl (CzF)

ă

(adv) yes

ák

(exc) yes, yes indeed

ák mă

(adv) yes, yea

ă ťam

(v) to answer in the affirmative, concede


130


igenis!

(adv) yes, indeed!, ay!

igény /ˈiɡeːɲ/

(v) to claim, demand, need,

pretense, pretension, want

igényel /ˈiɡeːɲɛl/

(v) to claim (ownership of smg),

want, call for, demand,

necessitate, need, require, take,

entail, involve, pretend

ák-kă če-nă

(exc) yes certainly!

gat-nyí

(adv) it is necessary <gat = hit = faith>

íj

(n) bow (weapon used for

shooting arrows)

să-lí

(n) a bow <lí = bow; să- = widely-used prefix for words re: weather,

time, virtues, vices, animal/plant names and more>

-ik /ik/

-s (def) suffix of a large group

of front vowel verbs <(ie:) =

action, beginning to move,

etc.>, (ex:) néz to look → Nézik

a tévét. - They are watching

the television. 2) their ... -'s

(def) third-person plural

possessive suffix = plural

possession, (ex:) kapu gate →

a kapuik their gates

ak

(v) to pluck up, set in motion, take off (as shoes or cap), extract (as

thorn)

àyok

(n) work, action

-i1

of, native to (a place or group);

(def) added to a proper noun

or a noun to form an adjective

(ex: amerika America →

amerikai American); his, her,

its (person, place, thing); (def)

like -s (third-person singular

possessive suffix denoting

plural possession)

*ri

(n) race, kind, genus, custom, rules, discipline


131


illanó

evanescent, volatile

> Eejalona Tejút Milky Way

[SA-HU] (VAA)

> elü jelszó, jel password, sign

"El is tűnhet, meg is jelenhet a

j. Itt ez utóbbi...Ebből

származott az él, éles szavunk

is. Az él a megmunkálás jele."

[HU] (PeIm)

elillan /ˈɛlilːɒn/

(liquid) evaporate, disappear,

vaporize; (perfume) fade, wear

off (gas) escape; (+) elinal

slip/steal away, make off,

skedaddle

el innen!

away from here!

illanó olaj

(n) essential oil <such oil was

used in annointing the dead,

departed>

illő /ˈilːoː/

appropriate, correct, pertinent,

suitable, becoming,

congruous, decent, decorous,

fair, felicitous, fit, fitting,

proper, relevant, respectable,

right, seemly

ill|ik /ˈilːik/

to fit (in), go (well) with smg,

become/suit smg, be proper;

(obs) to disappear, run away

illat /ˈilːɒt/

(n) fragrance; illatos /ˈilːɒtoʃ/

fragrant; ▫ -illatú -smelling

▪lâm

(v) to fly

àyŭl, íl

(v) to dry, heat, parch, roast, toast

◦lyaong

(v) jutting out: to extend beyond the main body or line, protude out,

project out; (n) something that juts out, a projection or protruding

point (LEED)

Illam (Aachuley)

(pn) Lepcha district in E Nepal


132


<▶ water drop in hot, over

boiling-pt frying pan does not

evaporate: Leidenfrost effect>

illanó Ilona, fényes fairy

♀ Ilona Helen(a); (syn) Ica, Icó,

Icu, Icuka, Ila, Ilácska, Ilcsi, Ili,

Ilike, Ilka, Illa, Ilók, Ilon,

Ilonka, Ilus, Iluska, Inci, Lonci,

Lonka

élénk /ˈeːleːnk/ <Ilonk-a>

lively (full of life), alert, alive,

bright, quick, sprightly,

vivacious, active, adroit, brisk,

keen, perky, sprited, spry,

spirited, spruce, vigorous,

vivid, acrid, acute, animated,

astir, breezy, buoyant, busy,

cant, cheerful, chipper, chirpy,

corky, frisky, gay, graphic, hot,

intense, lurid, mercurial,

merry, nimble, nippy,

picturesque, poignant, racy,

rattling, rich, sharp, skittish,

smart, vigilant, vital, warm,

waspish

Tündérszép Ilona Fairy-

beautiful Helena; <Inanna [SU]

↔ Ilona [MA] ↔ Ixchel [MY]

↔ ăṅ-ṅă ăṅ-ṅă [LX] ↔ Feni

[SA-HU] ↔ Freyja [oNN] ↔

Fényes [MA] ↔ Phanes [HE]

↔ Vénusz [MA] ↔ Venus

[EN]

✝ Illés Elijah, Ellis, Elias

<biblical prophet; one of the

Old Testament's greatest>

a-nyo

(n) a lady, gentle-woman, Main.: a queen W. 60

la-uṅ, la-oṅ \ ◦la aoong

(n) a lamp

ăṅ

(v) to be glorious; (n) dazzle, splendour, glory

ăṅ-ăṅ, ăṅ-ṅă ăṅ-ṅă

(adj) bright, dazzling, sparkling

im

(arc) Look! See! Behold! (SzSi)

mă, má, má-t

(v) to call (obs); to pray to God


133


ima

(n) prayer

imád

adore, worship, love,

appreciate, cherish, enjoy,

have a high regard for

imádkoz|ik

to pray (to God), worship

mă-ku

(v) to pray to God

a-ma

(n) a secret thing

indok

(n) cause, reason, motivation

▶ing, -csál

indokol

to motivate, justify, explain,

warrant, account for; motive

indul

to begin

inkább

before, first, more (likely),

preferably, rather, soon

nóṅ

(v) to go, go away, go forth, proceed; (adv) 'going'

nyón, nón-kón

(v) to cause to go, go away, go forth, proceed

▪nahán

(adv) before

ing1

wobble

▶int, indok, -ong, öng

<indok ing = cause of the <Big>

Bang? .. wobble, movement,

energy>

inga

(n) pendulum, outrigger

▪nyók

(v) to cause to quiver, shake

nóṅ


▪jí

(v) to annoy, disturb


134


ingerel ☐

to provoke, annoy, incite,

irritate, nettle, rile, spite,

stimulate, tease, vex

innen

hence (from here)

lon, a-lon


ír

to write, type, spell

írás

(n) writing, letter

aláírás

(n) signature, (lit) underwriting

čárí (←rev)

(n) letter

iskola

(n) school

oktatás, tanítás

(n) education

čolí

(n) school

▪choyântân

(n) education

istálló

(n) (horse) stable

*ta

(n) a horse

Isten

(pn) God ● úr lord ● uram my

lord ● ishum Isten god [SA-

HU] (VAA)

ÍZ-TEN „elsője”…a

Világosság. Első akarata, első

rum

(pn) God

Itbu Rum (LaTo) \ Eetboo-deyboo Rum (Aachuley)

(pn) Creator God who created Lepcha out of pure snow


135


teremtménye az

örökkévalóságban. Mielőtt élet

„lett”, Világosság „VAN”

(forum.index.hu/)

Isten fizesse

(reg-Erd) God bless you; (lit)

God pay you (YouTube:

Csángó Bál 2015)

Mindenség Ura

(arc) God; (lit) Master of

Everything; Egek Ura God;

(lit) Heavenly Master;

Magyarok Istene God of

Hungarians

iszony

loathing, dread, horror

zuṅ

(n) a signification of fear for evil spirit

mŭ zuṅ

(v) (from mŭ body) to have dread of evil spirit; to be cowardly, esp of

things at night as of evil spirits

-ít

(suf) (make something ...-like);

(def) added to a noun,

adjective or other stem to form

a verb expressing causation

(ex: alap (“base”) → alapít (“to

found”)

▪ʔít

(v) to create

itat

(v) to provide (animals) with

water

átitat

to imbue, impregnante,

saturate, steep, drench

pot




infuse


136


átitatás

(n) impregnation, saturation

átitatódik

steep

átitatódott, átitatott

sodden, soaked

ítél /ˈiteːl/

to judge, pass sentence on,

condemn, form an opinion of,

conclude (that), doom (to);

ground (child)

tilt

to prohibit, forbid <(ala)

pinball tilt>

tilos

forbidden, prohibited

tilalom

(n) prohibition <(ala) tee-total>

*til

(v) to fall down <(ala) teeter-totter?>

itt

here, right here <where I am

now>

emitt

over here

amott

over there, there, yon, yonder

emitt-amott

here and there

▪ʔábi

(adv) here, this right here

▪ʔáfi

(adv) this just here, this nearby here


137


íz /ˈiːz/

(adj) taste, flavor, aroma, salt,

gust, joint, limb, jam, sauce,

savor, spice, occassion

gyümölcsíz /ˈɟymøltʃiːz/

(n) jam, marmalade

izom

(n) muscle, brawn, sinew

zu, zu-m

(v) to live, be alive as person, tree, etc.

▪a-so

(n) muscle

J

-ja /jɒ/, -je /jɛ/

your, his, her, its; 3rd pers sing

possession: barát (“friend”) →

a barátja (“his/her/its friend”)

-éje/-ája, -néje/-nája

(arc syn) "" (FoJa)

-unk/-ünk

1st pers plur possession

-om/-em/-öm

(suf) 1st pers sing poss.

▫ -zăn, -zen


termination '-er' ▶ józan

éṅ, àyeṅ, (sometimes also iṅ)

(n) 1) younger brother, younger sister hug or cousin; 2) child, babe

unoka; 3) pupil of eye pupilla <eyelid szemhéja> <(ext) related,

belonging to smg larger: (FoJa) ex: teremtéje, hallája> ▶lány, lény

jámbor

pious, devotional, devout,

godly, good, guileless, holy,

ingenuous, religious, saintly,

silly, starry-eyed,

unsophisticated, simple, meek,

tame (animal)

▶nyáj, enyh, árny, gyümölcs,

finom, arany, apró

jámboran

piously, devoutly

jámborul

religiously

ŭm1


àyŭm

(v) 1) to soften enyhül; 2) lay fruits, ripen érlel; 3) be shady árnyékos;

4) be glorious arany/fényes, splendid

a-àyŭm a-nóṅ

(n) splendour

a-àyŭm a-nóṅ ťap

(v) to glorify


138


jámbor

(n) ember (wo)man of good will,

simple/good soul

jártas

cunning, expert, handy,

practiced, proficient, versed

<gyártas?>

jártas ember

(n) expert man

jártasság

(n) craft, cunning, deftness,

habit, empiricism, neatness,

objectivism, proficiency, routine,

skill

*yán-tăn

(n) skill, art, science, good quality

yán-tăn-nyím-bo

(n) a scientific, talented, skillful person, one possessed of good

qualities

jég

(n) ice

> jagh hegy mountain [SA-

HU]

▪khek

(v) to freeze

jegyez (megjegyez)

to memorize

▪jóng

(v) to memorize

jel /ˈjɛl/

(n) sign, denotation, signal,

augury, beacon, cue, indication

jelszó

(n) password, countersign,

parole, shibboleth, access code,

passphrase, code, rallying cry,

watchword, word

▪jel

(v) to understand, know/speak a language


139


jelzés

(n) mark(ing), stamp(ing),

label(ling), brand(ing); blaze, trail

> elü jelszó, jel password, sign

"El is tűnhet, meg is jelenhet a

j. Itt ez utóbbi...Ebből

származott az él, éles szavunk

is. Az él a megmunkálás jele."

[HU] (PeIm)

jel {B} <jel signal ♬ yell

kiabál>

<sárga yellow often = sun,

sunlight; (ie:) enlightenment

"do you see the light?!"; can

also mean cowardice: yellow-

bellied>

> sarakh sárga yellow

"Valószínű 'fényest' jelent a

'sárig hasú kígyó' és a 'sárog

viasz,' a nap színét-fényét.

Sárhegy, Szárhegy = Naphegy.

Ujgur: szárok" [HU] (PeIm)

💫 Feni Vénusz Venus; venishi

fényes bright [SA-HU] (VAA)

Kövesd a tojást

Follow the egg <yolk, yellow =

sárga> (Glosbe)

Kövesd a sárga téglás útat

(ent-Wizard of Oz) Follow the

yellow brick road

A sárgatéglás út

(ent-2010 horror film)

YellowBrickRoad; plot: In 1940,

villagers spontaneously go up

into the mountains and

disappear <illanó: raptured?>.

The village is called: Friar

<Inanna [SU] ↔ Ilona [MA] ↔

▪sagrám

(adv) below

*tó

(n) a mark, sign, token, characteristic, an evidence of, indication of

▪tshâlum

(n) orange narancssárga


140


ăṅ-ṅă ăṅ-ṅă [LX] ↔ Feni [SA-

HU] ↔ Freyja [oNN] ↔

Fényes [MA] ↔ Phanes [HE]

↔ Vénusz [MA] ↔ Venus [EN] <into the frying pan: ▶ Leidenfrost

effect, ties back to illanó>

Narancssárga az új Fekete

(ent-tv) Orange is the New Black

A sárga mentén halad (say)

Follow the yellow blaze/trail

(to) <listed under jelzés in my

MAK dictionary, it led me to

many such yellow/orange-

related cultural references>

jó /ˈjoː/

(reg) gyó good, all right, fine,

okay, nice, be good at, clean,

fair (enough), fit, kind, near,

hunky-dory, obedient,

positive, smart, right(eous),

very good, very well, well

jól /ˈjoːl/

(reg) gyól well

józan ☒

sober, sane, advised, cautious,

clear-headed, discreet, down-

to-earth, modest, moderate,

philosophical, quiet, rational,

sensible, sound, steady <jó

szán(dék)?>

jonh

(n) (obs) soul; (syn) lélek (PoMi)

jobb

(adj) right (direction, side, hand,

etc.)

gó

(v) to rejoice, be pleased, be glad, be merry, cheerful, joyful, be

delighted; to like, be affectous for, love

*zó

(adj) to be elegant, magnificent, have fine appearance, be splendid

zó-zăn(IM)

<(adj) one possessing magnificence, being splendid>

▫ -zăn, -zen


termination '-er'

gyóm

(n) the right (in opp. to vim the left)

gyóm ká

(n) the right hand

gyóm-ka, gyóm kón-ka

(adv) to the right

gó-bo

(n) a friend, lover


141


jobb kéz

(n) right hand

jobbra

to the right

jóba

van vkivel to carry on with

smb; (lit) is in good with smb

jóban van vkivel

to be friends with smb

jóbarátok

(n) fast friends; (lit) good friends

jóban-rosszban

for good or ill, better or worse,

through thick and thin,

through foul and fair

(weather)

jókor

at the right time; (lit) good

time

jólét

(n) welfare, well-being,

happiness, peace, abundance,

comfort, ease, flourish, plenty,

prosperity, wealth, affluence

étvágy /ˈeːtvaːɟ/

<létvágy?> (n) appetite (for

food), hunger, relish, satiety,

stomach, twist

jó étvágyat /ˈjoː eːtvaːɟɒt/

(say) enjoy your meal, bon

appétit, have a nice meal

jólét-kót (IM)

well-being satisfied

a-kót

(adj) satiated, filled with satiety

kót

(v) to be contended, satiated (with), gorged, glutted, filled with

kót tet zo, kót mă kót ťa

(v) to eat belly full, be contented with, satisfied with

kót-lă byi, kót dŭt-lă mat

(v) to satisfy

a-kót zo

(v) to eat to satiety


142


jóllakott /ˈjoːlːɒkotː/

(v) to be sated (not hungry),

satiated, satisfied, full, stuffed,

replete; (syn) kielégít ●

jóllaktam! I'm full! ●

jóllakottság appetite, glut,

hunger ● jóllakat to glut, gorge,

sate, satiate

korty /ˈkorc/

(n) gulp, mouthful, draught,

swig, sip, nip, sup, potion ●

kortyol /ˈkorcol/ to take a gulp,

swallow, sup, sip ● kóstol

/ˈkoːʃtol/ to taste, appreciate,

attempt, try

▪kón

(v) to taste

a-re kón, a-re kón ṅak

(v) to taste this

jön

(v) to come, be coming, arrive,

come (from); turn out, happen

(reg) gyön ● jöjj! (imp) come! ●

jövök (I'm) coming

zóṅ, zón

(v) to depart <(opp) jön>

juh ☐

(n) sheep, ewe, lamb, ovis aries

juhok

(n) (pl) sheep

juhtej

(n) ewe's milk

juhász

(n) sheperd (person who tends

sheep) ● juh csaba (arc)

shepherd (cwnet) ● hovesi juhász

shepherd [HU] (PeIm)

jak

(n) yak (ox-like mammal native to

the Himalayas,Tibet with dark,

long and silky hair a horse like

tail and a full, bushy mane)

lŭk

(n) a sheep

ju

(v) to bring up, maintain, domesticate, foster, patronize

lŭk-bro-bo

(n) a shepherd


143


jut

(v) to fall (on/be allotted to),

conclude, get (smg), come (into),

appear, become

eljut

(v) to get to, reach

▪ngún /ɦun/

(v) to become <pronunciation noted in HePl Grammar>

yu

(v) to reach

K

-ka

(suf) -y; forms diminutive

nouns; (ex: asztal table →

asztalka small table)

kŭp

(n) 1) a child; 2) offspring, descendants

kaka, kakál, kakás

kaki (sla) poo(p), excrement,

faecal matter

kak

(v) to be costive, to be bound (bowels)

kabát

(n) coat, jacket

kă-ba

(n) kind of cloth formed of a single twist, cloth

kacsa

(n) duck/csirke virus chicken

virus

kacsák faja

(n) duck family

kă-ťyer

(n) chicken pox bárányhimlő

kă-ťák-fo

(n) bird species of barbet bajszika


144


kád <köd?> <akadály?>

> jawr medence [SA-HU]

*kă-diṅ, kăl-diṅ, kŭl-diṅ, tŭr-diṅ

(adj) very deep as water, pit, valley; (n) a depth, an abyss <térdig,

térden?>

kaguár

(n) couger, puma

kă-gŭl-lă

(adv) indestructible, unyielding

kalapács

(n) hammer

kal

(n) the hammer of gun

▪kán

(v) to pulversize, reduce to powder

kaláris, kláris

(n) (sea) coral

ṕyi-rŭ a-klyen

(n) a piece of coral <piros kláris?>

kályha

(n) (cook) stove(s), fire, heater,

burner

▪kâ

(v) to cook

kakas

(n) cock, rooster; (def) a male

domestic fowl; kakas (reg-Erd)

kukorica popcorn (WIKT)

kukorékol

(v) to crow (make the sound

of a rooster <^riasztó^>)

kukorica

(n) (sweet)corn, maize, Indian

corn, mealies, Zea mays

kunchhoong (Aachuley)

(n) maize, corn


145


kaja

(n) (slg) chow, grub

kása /ˈkaːʃɒ/

(n) porridge, oatmeal, kasha,

mush, groats, gruel, pap, pulp,

puree, squash

kerülgeti, mint macska a

forró kását

(n) (say) to beat around the bush;

(lit) chasing it, like a cat chases

the boiling porridge (CzF)

ká

(v) to decoct, boil, stir (as porridge), stew (meat)

kan ☐

(n) boar(s), buck, male

kanca /ˈkɒnʦɒ/

(n) mare(s), (adult) female horse;

kancacsikó filly, fillies

▪ʔún

(n) ló horse

kandúr /ˈkɒnduːr/

(n) cat, tom-cat

▶illő

macska

(n) cat; macskaféle(k) felids,

feline, (fam) Felidae; (lit) cat-

type(s) ● cica cat; cicuska kitty

macskagyökér

(n) valerian

pacsmagol

(arc, hun) said of feline beasts

of prey when they are

spawning (CsF)

a-lyŭ

(n) egy macska a cat


146


kánya

(n) kite (bird of prey), black kite

▪kumthyóng

(n) kite

kanyar

(n) curve, bend, turn, bite,

corner, hook, loop, sweep,

turn(ing), twist, wimple

kanyarog

kígyózik

to wind, meander, serpentine,

snake, twist, weave, wiggle,

wriggle, writhe

kígyó /ˈkiːɟoː/ (arc) kíjó

(n) snake, serpent, cobra, viper,

ophidian ; kígyók snakes

kampó ☐ /ˈkɒmpoː/ (arc)

gamó, kamó, kajmó

(n) hook (rod bent into a curved

shape), clamp, clasp, crook,

crotchet, hanger, peg

Kajmán(-szigetek)

Cayman Islands <the island(s) are

curved like a claw/clamp>

majom monkey; curved hands

clamp onto trees and allow them

to swing from vines>

kalamajka /ˈkɒlɒmɒjkɒ/

(n) ruction, muddle, disturbance;

✝Kám

Ham; Káin Cain; kánaán

canaan <didn't follow the

straight/right path>

kén ☐

(n) sulphur, brimstone

kaṅ

(v) to separate from others

kăṅ-kí kăṅ-kyók

(adj) winding

▪kóng

(n) branch

kí-kyók

(adj) winding as road <snaking?>

ḱyi lŭk

(n) the 'dogtailed' sheep, the sheep of the plains

k'eṅ

(v) to grow, to spring up uncultivated, be wild (plant)

▪kán

(v) to pulversize, reduce to powder


147


kap

to receive, obtain, get, retain,

achieve, acquire, be given,

capture, catch, caught,

contract, develop, earn,

encounter, find, get on, give,

got, have, hunt, poll, procure,

snatch, strike, take

kapkod

to snap up, buy up; fling (one's

clothes) on; catch/grap at smg;

be in a flurry/fluster, hurry-

scurry; be inconsistent

kapunk

we [will] get; kapúnk our gate

kapóra

opportunely, pat, pertinently,

jumped; kapóra jön come in

handy, arrive just in the nick

of time

kapóra jött

(n) appropos, god-given

ami kapóra jött

godsent

kapóra jön vkink

to stand one in good stead;

kapóra jött megjegyzés very

appropos remark

> kapinkh kapunk [SA-HU]

kăp

(v) to be hurried, flurried, flustered

kapa

(n) hoe, mattok, spud, weeder

ásókapa

(n) hoe, mattok

sŭṅ-kăṅ, sŭṅ-kăṅ kă-na, kón-kă-na

(n) a kind of hoe


148


kapatosság

(n) edge

árokpart

(n) bank, escarp

klóp

(n) edge

uṅ klóp

(n) banks of river

kapcs, kapos

(n) clasp; (def) curve-ended

object which connects with, clings

to or grabs another; stapling,

clamping, attaching, hooking;

(zoo) ring-shaped female terminal

which male hangs his curved end

upon (CzF)

▶kar, kanyar, kapatosság,

kapca

kapocs /ˈkɒpoʧ/

(n) buckle, staple, brace, clamp,

clasp, claw, clip, connective,

crook, fastener, hasp, hook (and

eye), link, locket, snap, strap

mancs (rev ← köröm)

(n) paw, claw, leg, pad

kapa

(n) (garden) hoe <curved tool>

kapcsolódik

to bite, relate, connect

kapcsolódó

related, joint, connecting

*ḱa-čŭṅ

(n) a locket

kapu

(n) gate, (street) door, entrance

door; (football/soccer) goal

◦go boo

(n) leader, on who or that which leads, a guiding or directing head, as

of a movement or party, chief, chieftan guide <iga, ego>


149


nagy kapu

(n) big gate

kapúnk

(n) our gate; we [will] get

kapura lő

shoot/aim at the goal


(n) (reg-Erd) garden gate

▶pokol (SaAt)

◦go paa

(adv) certainly, it is so, with certainty, without doubt, assuredly

<igen>

◦go do

(pro) myself <engem>

◦go daom

(n) choice, the act of choosing, selection, an abundance and variety

from which to choose, the power of choosing between two or more

things

◦go daong

1) (n) gate, a narrow means of access or entrance, as the door of a pen

or sty; 2) (phr) I search, I have searched <Jesus: narrow is the gate>

gye-ko

(n) a large door, gate

pól, pól sŭṅ

(n) a supposed invisible fence made round by mŭn to protect from

evil spirits, a magic circle <pörög?>

pól sŭṅ gor

(v) to guard houses by pól

kar

(n) (törzskar, vezérkar) staff

kar szál(IM)

(n) arm cane

ḱar

(n) staff, stick

ḱar-sil

(n) a kind of staff used by la-ma's

ḱar pă-ťúṅ

(n) a walking stick

ka

(pos root) to curve, bend (CzF)

kar

(n) arm

kar

(v) to twist, to curl as hair, as tail, as leaf

kă-kar-la

(adj) twisted, curled


150


karolás

(v) to embrace, hug

karkötő

(n) bracelet ● gheir kar arm

[SA-HU] (VAA)

köröm

(n) (finger/toe)nail

kar-ră kar-ră mat

(v) to twist, to curl

gyăr

(n) bracelet karkötő

Karácsony

(pn) Christmas, nativity

kar-tsŭ

(n) astronomy, astrology

kar-tsŭ nak-tsŭm

(n) astrology, divination

kar-tsŭ nak-tsŭm tsŭ

(v) to divine, to cast nativities

▪kryóng

(v) to praise

kŭr-tát

(n) rejoicings, festivities

kŭr-tát mat-šăṅ kŭk

(v) to assemble a party for festivity

karcol

(v) to scratch, graze, claw, etch

▪krón

(v) to scratch

karcsú ☐

(adj) slim, attenuate, fine, lank,

lithe, rangy, reedy, slender,

willowy

kar-gyóṅ

(n) [slim] sausage, lit. a whits [very small part/piece] sausage (i. opp.

to nakgyóṅ <nagyon?>)


151


kard

(n) sword

kar-jó

(n) curved knife, reaping hook <sarló?>

karéj

(n) slice, hunk; thin, broad piece

cut off (of bread, etc.)

▪kró

(v) to slice

karika

(n) ring, circle, collar, curl, disk,

hoop, loop, round <csavar to twist>

Kárpátok ⚑

(pn) Carpathian (mountains) ●

karra szikla rock, cliff ●

Karrabata Kárpátok

Carpathians [HU] (DeCs)

kar

(v) csavarni, összegömbölyödik mint a haj, farok, levél to twist, to

curl as hair, as tail, as leaf

kar-ră kar-ră mat

(v) csavarni, összegömbölyödik to twist, to curl

ḱar pă-ťúṅ

(n) sétapálca a walking stick

karton

(n) cotton, print

kártolt gyapjú

(n) carded wool

kí

(n) pamut cotton

kártya

(n) (playing) card; slip (of paper)

● kártyázni to play cards

kártyaleosztás (card-playing)

hand

▪katyám

(n) kar izom muscle of the arm <used to 'hold' or 'deal' cards?>

▪kă-tí, kati

(num) tíz ten <kă- (suff) used to designate numbers + tí tíz ten>

kasu

(n) cutch, catechu, japon(ic)

earth; (def) vegetable extract

containing tannin, esp. from

Indian acacia tree heartwood,

used chiefly for tanning and

dyeing (Google)

kŭn-du

(n) puha készített irha, cserzett bőr soft prepared hide, tanned leather


152


galluszsav, csersav

(n) tannic acid

akác(fa)

(n) acacia (tree)

háncs

(n) bast (fibre made from the

phloem of certain plants),

heartwood

kasza

(n) scythe

kaszab

(n) (arc) butcher ● kaszabol

to slaughter, massacre ●

kaszakő whetstone

kaszál

(v) to mow, cut down, scythe

(grass) ● kaszálás mowing,

cutting, reaping ● kaszáló

mower (one who mows: kaszás);

meadow, field, pasture, grassland

● kaszálód|ik getting ready,

gather one's things together

ka-ča

(n) sarló, kaszálási horog sickle, a reaping hook

kă-čer \ ▪kacer

(n) búza wheat, genus Triticum

katona

(n) soldier

▪kât

(v) rendelni, utasítani, parnacsolni to order, command

katonazubbony

(n) tunic

ťokro-dum

(n) Lepcha tunic worn by males

kavar ☐

(v) to stir, rabble

ká

(v) to stir


153


kavargás

churning, maelstrom, swirl

kavargó

tumultuous, vertiginous

kavarodás

(n) fray, hurly, burly, mix-up,

pother, riot, ruckus, rumpus, stir,

turmoil, upheaval

kavarog

(n) riot, swirl(s)

kever

to to mix, shuffle, blend, stir,

mingle, combine, compound,

disturb, invert

összekutyul

to mix

összekuszál

fog, entangle, confuse,

disarray, dishevel, muss, ravel,

ruffle, shuffle, snarl, tangle,

tumble

kusza

confused, diffuse, intricate,

involved, muddled

korcs

(n) mongrel, hybrid, mixed-breed,

cur, bastard, degenerate,

misbegotten, tyke; crippled,

freakish; (syn) keverék

▶kutya

vă2

(v) to mix by stirring, stir as tea

kyol

(v) to mix, mingle, stir together as tea, infuse

kyól

(v) to blend, mix, confuse(HePl); (v) to blunder, mistake, err,

confound

hyol

(v) to mix, blend

kazán

(n) (steam)boiler, (tea)kettle,

cauldron, furnace

són kru (rev ←)

(n) a steamer, steam-boat <kru large ship>


154


kecske

(n) goat; (reg-Erd) cega (SaAt)

saʔár

(n) a goat

saʔár gú

(n) a female goat

saʔár tsu

(n) a goat, billy goat

kegyelem

grace, mercy, pardon

▪klyam

(adj) to be sweet

kegyuraság

(n) patronage

*gŭn-rán

(n) patronage, favour of patron or lord

▪kryóng

(v) to praise

kel

rise, ferment

kan

(v) to rise

ḱeṅ

(v) to grow, spring up uncultivated, be wild (plant)

kellemes

pleasant, nice, agreeable, mild,

welcome, comely, (con)genial,

enjoyable, lovely, comfortable,

debonair, delicate, moderate,

affable, attractive, benign,

fine, gracious, gentle, likable,

merry, sweet

alkalmas

suitable, advantageous, right,

apt, applicable, convenient,

klyam

(v) to be sweet, pleasant to the taste

klyam-lát

(n) sweetness

a-klyam

(n) sweetness, sweets, pleasant flavour; (adj) sweet


155


due, fit(ting), handy, of use,

able, auspicious, amenable,

comfortable, capable,

(con)genial, decent, good,

friendly, proper, timely

▶kegyelem, kedves, alkot

àyok-să mlo

(n) a useful thing

kelő (előkelő)

(adj) distinguished, fine, sublime

▪klo

(adj) straightforward

kendő ☐

(n) kerchief <of kender-hemp?>

khada

(n) esküvőkön használt ünnepélyes sál <más fesztiválokon is

használt> ceremonial scarf used in weddings <and other festivals>

kenyér

(n) bread; (reg-Erd) kinyer

▪khú

(n) loaf of bread

kép <kopás?>

(n) image, picture, face, scene,

drawing, painting, frame, view,

countenance, expression,

photo(graph), copy, effigy,

engraving, idea, illustration,

jowl, look(s), print, sketch, vision,

representation

képi

(n) of/from (an) image <kopi(k),

kópia, kopja copy?>

kép-zek(IM) <képet csinálok make an image>

kép(et) szépít

to gild, beautify an image

*ku

(n) 1) (megtisztelő) <hősi, hűséges?> nagy ember testje <arckép, kéz?>

vagy ilyen személy (hon) body or person of great man; 2 ) kép image,

picture

ku pí

(v) to draw a picture <képez copy>

ku zuk

(v) képet késziteni make an image <kezeddel, természetesen with your

hands, naturally: kezek hands; kezdet the beginning: Isten embert készült

Maga képmására God made man in his image>

ku sán kyóp

(v) képet bearanyozni vagy bevonni vagy to gild or plate an image


156


kép(et) festeni, ecset(ez)ni,

szín(ez)ni (IM)

to paint a picture

ku ťso nŭn

(v) képet festeni to paint a picture

kerecseny ▪kălyŭṅ

(n) eagle

kum-thyóṅ / ▪pun-thyóṅ

(n) eagle, kite

▪kryóng

(v) to praise

kerek

(n) round; kerék wheel

▶teker

kerekít

lekerekít

to round, round off

kering /ˈkɛriŋɡ/

(v) to revolve, circle, circulate,

gyrate, orbit, wheel ▶kéreg tree

bark <circles tree>

keringés

(n) circulation

> keryn to revolve; kerenild

circulation [SU-HU] (VAA)

klak

(v) to come round

▪kúng

(n) a tree <smg round, kerek kéreg>


157


keres /ˈkɛrɛʃ/

to seek, look for

kereslet /ˈkɛrɛʃlɛt/

(n) (economy) demand, request,

call

▶szer, szűk

▪chet

(n) need, want, lack, demand, necessity

kerít

(v) to enclose terminate, fence in,

enclose, surround● kerítés,

kerítések fence(s), fencing,

barrier(s), corral(s), enclosure(s),

hurdle(s), obstruction(s), pale(s),

paling, palisade(s), railing(s)

kert

(n) garden(s), yard, grounds ●

kert kép (land)scape, picture

[SA-HU] (VAA)

klak

(v) to be surrounded with (as fence)

▪kók

(v) to fence in

*kru

(n) an angle

krup-jí

(n) a quadrilateral, a square

kerül

(v) to avoid, balk, fall, go in a

roundabout route

▪klú ~ klúm

(v) to fall

*kru

(n) a large ship <moves things around>; an angle

*krup-jí

(n) a quadrilateral, square

kés

(n) knife

kések

(n) cutlery

vág /ˈvaːɡ/

to cut, slice, hew, shear

▪bán

(n) knife <bán also = after később>

▪bánkup

(n) small knife

▪báng

(v) to break, cut, chop wood or bamboo in short pieces


158


betör

break (into), cleave, crack,

splinter

völgyszoros

chop, gorge

▶bán, balta, vág, rés, tör

▪bâk

(v) to weed <smg done with a blade késsel>

kés|ik

(v) to be late, be running late;

slow (clock); (lit) knifing (use a

knife) <(re) scratch, scuff>

késked, késedelem

(arc) to dawdle, linger, lag; (syn)

cselleng

elkoptat

(v) scuff (scrape feet while

walking) <hence, will be late:

késik>; (syn) csuszog

▶kop, las-, lus-, lomha,

dulakodás, tunya

kop

(v) to be slow in anything, tardy, sluggish, lazy, inactive, indolent,

supine, inert

kyop kyop

(v) to be slow in doing anything

kyop kyop lóm


keserű /kɛʃɛryː/

(adj) bitter, acrimonious, acrid,

acute, harsh, keen, lurid,

poignant, sharp

▪kri

(adj) bitter

kesztyű(k)

(n) glove(s)

ká-śŭk

(n) gloves

két

(num) two

kít

(v) to divest of <ie., reducing from whole>


159


kettéhasít

(v) to split, cleave in two

▪kla

(v) to cleave

kettő

(num) two

▪nyet

(num) two kettő <nyujt: egyböl kettőre?>

kéz

(n) hand

kézi

of the hands

kézimunka

(n) handiwork, handcraft(s)

Kezicsókolom, Kezét

csókolom, Kézcsók

(hon) greeting, saluation, hello or

goodbye used with elders, the

highly respected; (lit) (I) kiss your

hand <sealed with a csók>

ká, a-ká

(n) hand

▪katáp

(n) fist <ököl>

ká-śŭ

(n) handiwork (handmade), manufacture

ć’a-, ć’ak, ć’ók, ć’óṅ-, ṕyók

(n) (honorific) hand <ká + ć’ók(IM)>

ć’ó-gyó, ć’ók-gyó, ć’ak-gyó

(n) a handmark, seal, stamp

ć’ók-gyó kyóp

(v) 1) to seal <csuk>; 2) a bow, salutation

ć’ók-dóm kyóp

(v) to seal

kezd /ˈkɛzd/

(v) begin, commence, start, lead

kezdet /ˈkɛzdɛt/

(n) origin, start, outset, dawn,

opening, commencement; kezdő

beginning, initial, entrant,

young, colt, fledge(ling)

▪ke

(v) to try, attempt

▪kát

(num) one


160


egy (arc) edgy (CzF)

(num) one ● idzhi egy one; idz

egy one (Dlimild Ashar) [SA-

HU] (VAA)

edző /ˈɛʣːøː/

(n) coach, trainer, conditioner,

hardener, manager <leader>; edz

/ˈɛdzː/ train, exercise, anneal,

chill, work out, steel, temper

kezdődő

(n) inchoate; (def) just begun

and so not fully formed or

developed; rudimentary

▶egy, Ég, Éden, hány

▪kátbú

(n) the first

ki1

(adv) who; kit whom; kin on

whom; kid who (is) to you; kié

whose; kibe in whom; kiért

for/because of whom; kihez to

whom; kire who ... for, (ex:) kire

vár? who are you waiting for?;

kinek for whom; kitől from

whom; kivel with whom;

aki who, s/he who, that ● khi ki,

aki who, whom; eki kifelé

outwardly [SA-HU] (VAA)

ki-ki

(adv) each

kat

(num) (contr. fr. kă-ta q.v.) one; the indefinite article a, an; also used

to express 'a person', 'one such one' as kat-să a-bryaṅ; the name of

such a one, used also in thread as go a-dóm kat mat šo <én(gem)

adom kiért megtesz> I'll do for you, I'll give it to you

ki

(adv) out ● kyh, ut ki out; kytu,

eki kifelé (felszólkitásként is)

out, in an outwardly direction

[SA-HU] (VAA)

kint

(adv) outside ● künn (arc)

without, be outside


161


kijön, (reg) kijő

(v) to come out of (smw), pull

out/off; (math) be right, work out;

get on well with (smb); ● Ki! Ő!

Out! Him/Her/It! <(bib) Golden

Rule: love one another; (ext) and

God will pull you out?>

kijár

(v) to come out/off of (smg), keep

falling out, due/owing to (smb/g),

manage to obtain/get (smg for

smb), finish/complete one's

studies; visit the countryside

kijárat

(n) way out, exit, gate

kijáró

(adv) going/coming out (smw);

(smg) due/owed to (smb); way

out, exit

kyó

(v) to take out as with spoon, ladle out

kiált

(v) to shout, call, cry (out), bark,

hail, exclaim, holler, whoop,

scream, yammer, yell

▶áll

▪ki

(v) to claim, demand, assert

kicsi /ˈkiʧi/

(adj) little, small, pint-sized, tiny,

baby, junior, little one, low,

minor, petite, puny, scrimpy,

skimpy, slight, titchy, wee

kicsim

(n) my little one

kicsiny

(adj) exiguous, little, pygmy,

small, tiny

čím

(v) to be thin, lean (as person or meat); to be attenuated, emaciated,

slight, meagre

a-čím

(adj) lean (person, meat)

čím nóṅ

(v) to become thin <nóṅ = -ong>


162


kicsinylő

(adj) depreciatory

▶segéd, sekély, szék

čím-bo

(adj) meagre <^simple^>

kifli

(n) crescent, croissant, twist

▪kibri

(v) to twist, wind threads together

kilenc

(num) nine

kölönc

(n) a waterwell's driving-weight;

(obs) húzlaló (BaGy)

különc

(n) eccentric, odd, extravagent,

libertine, original, oddball,

singular man

▶húz, húsz

▪kakyót

(num) nine

kín

(n) pain, aching, anguish,

distress, torment, dread, misery,

passion, pang ● kínlódik

(v) agonize

kínom

(v) to torment, (I) torment,

afflict, agonize, bedevil, beset,

bully, crucify, discommode,

excruciate, harry, lacerate, obsess,

pain, pester, rack, tease, tribulate

<kén nyom, harag, kenem ?>

kínom, hó!

kin , kin kin dàk

(v) to have gripping pains (in stomach)

kă-nŭm

(exc) an expression of anger or dislike <(raising) cain?, harangue>

kă-nŭm-hó

(exc) wait, look out, I'll pay you off! etc.


163


(v) I torment, whoa! <kén

nyom; ki nyom?>

kínál /ˈkiːnaːl/

(v) to offer (up), present,

bid(den), constitute, depict,

donate, give, grant, introduce,

make an offer of, perform, play,

proffer, propose, reenact, render,

represent, sacrifice, tender <^can^>

király

(n) king <most honorable leaders

serve others, not selves>

kínálat

(n) supply, bid(ding), offer

kán

(n) khan, king

kende, kündü

(n) dual-monarch of early

Hungarians (alongside gyula, the

war chief); functioned as 'sacral

prince' (WIKI)

▶könyít, Kurszán, kincs

kŭr-

(pre) in the words starlight, brightness, asterisc <sic> of notched stick

(?);<!!! rovás bot tetején a csillagjel; star atop rovás stick> royalty, etc.;

front-part, etc.

kŭr-dŭ


star <in Legends of Padma.>; cheerful, vivacious, blithsome

▪kryóng

(v) to praise

boṅ ťíṅ ◦ bóngthíng (ClSc)

(n) a bard, priest, exorciser <the spiritual leader at ceremonies;

accompanied by a muṅ ...boldog?>

kă-nye

(n) novice priest, a catechumen

padem (ClSc)

(n) less often-used term for shaman or ritual specialist (bóngthíng

and mun used more frequently)

kincs

(n) treasure, hoard, hidden

supply, golden ● küncse kincs

treasure [HU] (PeIm) ● kincsem

my treasure

kincses ember(IM)

(n) lucky person

kincsem uram(IM)

(n) my treasure's lord

kiṅ-tsum

(n) luck

kiṅ-tsum nyím-bo

(adj) szerencsés lucky <nyím-bo= ember, személy a being, person>

kiṅ-tsum rŭm, kiṅ-tsum mŭt

(pn) God of fortune


164


Kancsendzönga

(pn) Kanchenjunga

Kancsendzönga Csúcs

(pn) Kanchenjunga Peak

kincsem gyöngye

(n) (my) treasure's pearl

kincstár

(n) treasury

szókincs

(n) vocabulary; (lit) word

treasure

kulcs

(n) key <clinch, clink?>

kancsó ☐

(n) jug, pitcher, pot, flagon, can,

carafe, crock, cruse, ewer, stoop,

vessel; (def) large serving vessel,

holder <^hordó^, horony=róng>

kancsóka

(n) pitcher plant, lady’s lace

(fam) Nepenthes khasiana

(Indian Pitcher Plant); (def)

several different carnivorous

plants having modified leaves

(aka: pitfall traps—a prey-

trapping mechanism featuring

a deep cavity filled with

digestive fluid liquid) (WIKI)

Kan-čen dzó-nga ◦

Kaongchyenkaonglo-Chyoo (Kanchendzonga Mountain) (Aachuley)

Khang-Chen-dzod-nga, Kintsoom Zaongboo Cheu (SIBLAC)

⚑ Kanchenjunga Lepcha's sacred mountain, female eternal guardian

deity of Sikkim, 3rd highest peak in world (once thought tallest); (lit)

'Five Treasures of Snow' (salt, gold, turquoise and precious stones,

sacred scriptures, invincible armor <Nimrod> or ammunition, grain

and medicine, said to be revealed to the faithful during times of

crisis) (WIKI)

kint

(adv) outside, outdoors

kinő

(v) to erupt, grow, outgrow,

spring up

k'eṅ

(v) to grow, to spring up uncultivated, to be wild (plant)


165


kísérlet

(v) to experiment, attempt, try

▪ke

(v) to try, attempt

kiugró

(adj) jut, stick out

◦lyaong

(v) jutting out, to extend beyond the main body or line, protude out,

project out; (n) something that juts out, a projection or protruding

point

kő /ˈkøː/

stone(s), rock; precious stone,

jewel; (gall-)stone, calculus

költséges

(adj) expensive, costly, dear,

high-priced

čoṅ

(n) of a stone, Calcedony [Chalcedon, Chalkedon <this area was an

ancient Megarian colony in 685 BCE>], acc. Jāschke Cornelian or

Sardonyx

*ḱŭ

(n) mountain

*ku, a-ku

(adj) highprised (sic), dear, expensive

kőszívű

(adj) heartless, stony/cold-

hearted, hardheated; (lit) rock-

hearted

kám

(n) an overhanging rock

kocsány

(n) pedicel, stalk, stem

kíp, a-kíp

(n) a slight narrow shoot, slender sprout, picker

kŭn-tsoṅ kíp

(n) young head of Indian corn

köhög

(n) cough

ḱóṅ

(v) to cough with hollow sound

▪khák

(v) to choke


166


köldök /ˈkøldøk/

(n) navel, belly button, umbilicus,

omphalos

köldökzsinor

(n) umbilical cord

köldökzsinorja

(n) (their) umbilical cord

Kancsendzönga

(pn) Khangchendzonga

"According to local beliefs, the

mountain, in whose fresh snows

the first Lepcha couple was

created, is the eldest brother of the

Lepchas: “The umbilical cord of

the com-munity is thus linked to

the mountain and its presence

permeates every aspect of

theLepcha life-style” (MaTu)

ku, băk-ku

(n) the navel

▪à yen -zo

(n) umbilical cord

koldus

(n) beggar

ul-bo

(n) a beggar

kölyök

(n) calf, cub, kid, young <kegyek?>

kă-dyák, kă-dyók

<diák, dög? duke/dog?>

(n) the young of small animals when just born having no hair on

belly as cat, pig, unfledged as young bird <kitty, calf?>

kombiné

(n) camisole, slip

kum-bo

(n) a hoop, a circular binding, a girdle


167


komócsin ☒

(n) (prairie) timothy grass,

meadow (common) cat's-tail,

Phleum pratense; 'can be

confused with meadow foxtail' (WIKI)

kŭm-bo móṅ

(n) a species of millet ? <Main. added the '?', and WIKI mentions that

timothygrass is often confused with foxtail ...which is a type of millet;

both plants look very similar, and both plants are used as fodder to

feed livestock, etc.>

könny

(n) tear(drop)

könyörög /ˈkøɲørøɡ/

(n) to beg, implore, supplicate,

appeal, beseech, crave, entreat,

petition, pray, sue

uṅ

(n) water

▪kyón

(v) to suffer

*ku

(v) to invoke or pray aloud to God, to call the name of the lord

ku-mo

(n) a lady, a grandee (female), an abbess <apátnő>

könyv

(n) book

könyv lap

(n) book page

könyvek

(n) books

költemény

(n) poem, poetry, lines, song,

verse ● költészet poetry, poesy,

romance ● költő poet, bard,

bulbul, minstrel; spending

(money); hatching (egg)

*čo \ ▪cho

(n) book, literature

*čolep

(n) leaf of a book

▪choyuk

(n) literature

▪chodám

(n) book binding


168


kop|ik

to wear away/out

koptat

to abrade, erode

elkoptat

scuff(le); (def) scrape the feet

while walking; (syn) csuszog,

dulakod

koporsó /ˈkoporʃoː/ ☒ Török

(n) coffin, casket, box, pall, casket

kopt

(n) Coptic; (def) ethno-religious

group (N Africa, Mid-East: esp

modern Egypt) the area's largest

Christian denomination

kop

(v) to be slow in anything, tardy, sluggish, lazy, inactive, indolent,

supine, inert

kyop

(v) to be slow, lazy tardy caused by sickness

kyop kyop, dăk-nŭn kyop-nón

(v) to be slow in doing anything <hence: késik runs late>

kyop kyop lóm


kyop-bo

(n) one reduced to a supine state <hanyatt fekvő>

ḱek

(adj) chapped, have hole in (as pot) <kilyukad, lyuk>

kopár naked, leafless, arid,

bald, bare, barren, bleak, stark

(hrók1), pă-hrók-lă, pă-brót-lă

(adj) thin, skinny (as person), bare (as tree), barren (as place)

köpül to churn (butter)

▪kyok

(v) to churn butter

kór /ˈkoːr/

disease, illness

korház

hospital; (lit) illness house

korhad

to mo(u)lder, rot, decay,

decompose

korhadt

kyor

(v) to be mean, low, dirty-looking, out of repair, dilapidated

kŭr-mót

(n) freckles of face, sentigo; also ephelis or any similar slight

alteration of pigment


169


rotten, rotting, decayed,

crumbling; korhadt fa

decayed wood

korom ☑ ótörök

(n) soot, black, carbon black,

grime, lampblack, smut; kormos

sooty, dirty, black

komor

somber, dismal, tenebrous,

black, dark, dim, dingy,

funereal, gaunt, gloomy, glum,

louring, lowering, lugubrious,

sable, saturnine, sombre, stern,

sullen, surly

korpa bran, dandruff, scurf,

crap, furfur, meal, scale; (def)

Gyöke kor hangutánzó; jelent:

törést, zúzást; rokon a korhol,

horhol, korcsolya, karcol stb.

ily gyökü szókkal(CzF)(say)

aki korpa közé keveredik,

megeszik a disznók who keeps

company with the devil, will

learn to howl; (lit) who mixes

with scurf, will be eaten by

pigs(MAK)

kop|ik to wear away/out, get

thin from wear, fret, fray,

become threadbare

kapar to scratch

▶kop, korhol

kă-kyor-bo

(adj) mean, low, dirty-looking

mă-ró kă-kyor-bo

(n) a black-guardly looking person <mă-ró = human>

a-ťyak-ka bŭl plă

(v) for dandruff, scurf to rise <a-ťyak = the head a tök>

kör

circle

körbe

around

körül (vmi)

*ḱor, 'ḱor-ba

(v) to go round, wander round, encircle

*kru

(n) a large ship <movement; carries things around>; an angle


170


around (smg)

körülkerít

korhol

to berate, upbraid, chide,

objurgate, rebuke, reprehend

korholás

objurgation, reproof

kárhoztat

to blame, reprove, condemn

kárhoztatva van

(s/he is) doomed

korhely

drunk(ard), boozer,

debauchee, guzzler, rake,

soak, sot, tippler, toper

*ḱa-kyá, *ḱap-kyán

(v) honorific, to reprove, reproach, rebuke, anger

ḱap-kyán zăk

(v) to fall under displeasure

korlát ☐

korlátlan

absolute, illimitable, infinite

pŭr

(n) perfect, thorough, absolute

kormány ☑ délszláv

(n) government, helm, cabinet,

administration, regime, reign,

power, rule, regulation, rudder,

ascendancy, authorities; steering

wheel

▶sark, huncut

kŭr-móm

(n) an assembly, society, band, company, flock, herd

korona

(n) crown; (mus) pause, fermata

▪(u) kró

(n) haj (fej) hair (head)


171


koronás crowned (head), with

(a/the) crown

korong

disc; (hockey) puck <smg

round, like a crown>

koronabirtok

crown lands

koronaékszerek c

rown jewels

▶sark, huncut, kerek

*ḱor, 'ḱor-ba

(v) körbe menni, vándorlni, övez/körülker ít to go round, wander

round, encircle

kosz

▶korcs, kór

a-gók

(n) the mange in dogs, the itch

kösz, köszi

thanks

köszönni

to thank, greet

köszön

to greet (smb), thank (smb for

smg), say thank you to (smb

for smg)

köszönöm

thank you (very much)

köszönöm, kérek

yes, thank you; (lit) thank you,

I request

köszönet

thanks, acknowledement

kazal

to stack, rick; kazalba rak stack

trókchí

(say) thank you <torok + chí throat example/model?>

khamree \ ▪khámrí

(sal) greeting

ka-su; ka-sum (GBM)

(pro) of me, my; me

▪khámrímó

(sal) greeting (more respectful than khámrí)

ka-su nun (GBM)

(pro) (abl) from me <ablative = motion away; (ext) in this sense, your

thanks moving away from you to another>


172


kazalozás

stacking

kas, kasol

to lay across one another;

Egymással keresztbe vagyis

kasul rak. (CzF)

kasulás

laying across ane another

kasolong

pearl-opal

▶én, kő, köz, ki, út, kas

kovács, kohács (arc)

*kar-vo

(n) smith

köz

közös

község

▪kyong

(n) village

krekk ace tí krók

(v) to be very great

kukac (nyű) worm, maggot,

mite, grub, snail

kin bŭ

(n) cloth-worm

kül-

external, foreign, outlying

különálló

distinctive, separate, special

▪kúl

(v) encircle, surround

glí-là

(adv) dinstinctly


173


külvilág

outer world

▪kumdúng

(adj) other

küld ☐

to send

▪klóng

(v) to send

*kru

(n) a large ship

kunyhó

hut, cabin, cottage, <convent,

egyház, elsöház, kuṅhó,

kuṅház?>; (arc) gunyhó,

kuhnyó, kuhnyoczka,

kunnyo, kunnyhó,

kunnyojokat, gunyhójába,

Kunhaja, kunha, kujhó (VeJo)

konyha

kitchen

kalyiba

hovel, hut, shanty

ḱyŭm \ ▪khyŭm

(n) a house

kuṅ, kuṅ lăṅ

(n) a tree; stalk, the stalk of corn, etc; pole; wood

kuṅ băṅ

(n) Northern part of a Lepcha village, 'tree foundation'

-kyung, -kyong (LAW)

(n) village (suffix applied to place-name)

kúp

cone, taper; (prescriptive)

suppository

kupac

heap, mound, mountain, pile,

cop

kúpcserép

ridge-tile

kŭṅ-čór-rik

(n) species of creeper <ridges extend/creep along a line>


174


kupa

tankard, bowl, pot, chalice,

horn, plate, goblet

kupa láb (IM)

*ka-yă, ka-yu, ka-yol

(n) cup, a bowl <kaja chow/grub; kajál to eat>

*ka-yă láp

(n) saucer <csészealj>

Kurszán

kende (sacred leader) at the

time of the Magyar migration

to Pannonia; died in a raid

~907 CE; succeeded by the

(military leader) gyula Árpád

kŭr-

(pre) in the words starlight, brightness, asterisc <sic> of notched stick

(?);<!!! rovás botnak a tetején a csillagjel; star on top of the rovás

stick> royalty, etc.; front-part, etc.

kŭr

(v) to be warm, passionate

kă-nye

(n) novice priest, a catechumen

kŭr-dŭ


<Kurszán (rev ←)> star <in Legends of Padma.>; cheerful, vivacious,

blithsome

kurva

(vul) bitch, whore, hooker,

prostitute, vixen, bimbo,

chippy, doxy

nemi szervek

genitals, private parts

kerület

perimeter, border, girth, circle

közösül

to copulate, have sex(ual

intercourse), go to bed with

smb

kŭr

(v) to be warm, passionate

kŭr-dŭ


star <in Legends of Padma.>; cheerful, vivacious, blithsome

kŭr-nap

☀ (n) the evening star, Venus <Venus = (obs) sexual activity or

intercourse; sex, lust, venery(Glosbe)>

▪kŭr-byek

(n) pudenda pueruli aut puellulae <[LN] = girls and boys' 'skirts'; in

KJV ✝ skirt = border/hem, animal diaphragm/midriff, and 'savages

who skirt along our western frontiers', ie: Scythians>

▪kŭt

(v) to copulate


175


kusza

(adj) confused, diffuse, intricate,

involved, muddled ▶kavar

összekuszál

(v) fog, entangle, confuse,

disarray, dishevel, muss, ravel,

ruffle, shuffle, snarl, tangle,

tumble

kut*

(adj) (pos root) curved, crooked (CzF) ● összekutyul to mix

korcs

(n) mongrel, hybrid, mixed-breed,

cur, bastard, degenerate,

misbegotten, tyke; crippled,

freakish; (syn) keverék

kyol

(v) to mix, mingle, stir together as tea, infuse

kyól

(v) to blend, mix, confuse(HePl); (v) to blunder, mistake, err,

confound

hyol

(v) to mix, blend

kutya

(n) dog, canine, keen-scented

kutyus

(n) doggy ● kutya csöpp(IM) dog

cub/pup kutya-puli?

♌ Kutha Leo (the Lion-

Oroszlán) constellation; (lit)

kutya dog/canine [SA-HU]

kă-ju \ ▪kajú

(n) dog <Stephen King book: Cujo [menacing dog]>

kă-ju-kŭp

(n) puppy (dog)

kă-ju păli

(n) dog

küzd

(v) struggle, fight, battle

* ku

(n) loss, detriment

ku-zăk

(v) to suffer loss


176


L

lá la; (def) syllable used in

solfège to represent the sixth

note of a major scale

hat six, 6; to affect, impinge,

seize, wreak <sex: catalyst for

our soul arriving into this

world; the 'picture' made by

the symbol '6' mimics the path

a satellite would take to

approach the planet to enter

its orbit>

áll /ˈaːlː/ (rev ←) to stand,

endure, hold

◦la

(v) to endure, hold out against, sustain without impairment of

yielding, undergo, to bear without resistence or with patience,

tolerate, suffer patiently, to bear or to support the burden of

something distressing, irksome, or painful

láb foot, feet, leg, limb, stand

lábak feet; props <'propellers'>

mezítláb barefoot

lábszár leg, shank, paw, shin,

lower leg

la

(n) a mountain-pass

lóm

(suf) via, through; (n) road, way; (v) to walk

lajstrom list, blotter, book,

calendar, docket, record, roll

dep-tóm

(n) record, testimony, tradition

lak dwelling, house, lodge

lakó

▪lí

(n) house

lándzsa ☑ olasz ‘lancia‘

/ˈlaːndʒɒ/

(n) spear, lance, pike, shaft

lŭṅ-ji /luŋʒi/

(n) of an evil spirit


177


lándzsák

spears

lándzsarózsa

pita (aechmea);

lŭṅ-ji zăk

(v) to suffer under influence of lŭṅ-ji: in cutting a field, etc. if the

person be unfortunate enough to wound or hurt lŭṅ-ji, he suffers

similarly

láng /ˈlaːŋɡ/

flame, blaze, light, flare, fire

lángol

to blaze, burn, flame, glow

lángos

lángelme

lángész

la-uṅ, la-oṅ \ ◦la aoong

(n) a lamp ◦ a vessel for containing inflammable liquid, as oil, which

is burned at a wick as a means of illumination, a torch, light, lamp,

celestial body, as the moon (figurative), a source of intellectual or

spiritual light, electric light

ć'o-mí la-la

(n) the flickering of lamp <ć'o-mí = lamp mécses/lámpa>

la

(v) to flame

lóṅ2, a-lóṅ

(n) relective light

lány /ˈlaːɲ/ (arc reg) lyány,

jány

girl, daughter(s), maiden, fille,

lass, Miss, babe, baby girl,

bride-to-be, child, colleen,

dame, damsel;

-ja /jɒ/, -je /jɛ/ your, his, her,

its; 3rd pers sing possession

-éje/-ája, -néje/-nája (arc syn)

"" (FoJa)

-unk/-ünk 1st pers plur

possession

▶lény, növény, talaj, világ, -

ja/-je, golyó, illanó, ángy

lyeṅ

(n) young

a-lyeṅ

(n) a full-grown female beast or fowl, which has not yet had young

nŭm-lyeṅ

(n) a girl, a young female <nő-lény/lány; növény? females described

as flowers in poetry, etc. throughout history>

lyaṅ ◦ lyáng

(n) the earth ▫ soil, earth, land <lyány as mother earth?>

lang

(n) a stone <lány as mother planet golyó, gólya gaia?>


(n) 1) younger brother, younger sister hug or cousin; 2) child, babe

unoka; 3) pupil of eye pupilla <eyelid szemhéja> <(ext) related,

belonging to smg larger: (FoJa) ex: teremtéje, hallája>


178


lap sleeve, leaf, page, table,

face, back, blade, card, sheet,

tab, lamina, section, side

▶

láb

alap

base,footing, substratum ▶al-

lapos

flat

zsilip /ˈʒilip/ lock, floodgate,

sluice (gate/valve), penstock

◦lap

(v) to spread, draw or stretch out to the full width, as carpet; to

overlay, cover, or coat with something; to cover, overspread or

surmount with something; (n) something laid over something else, a

covering

a-lyóp

(adj) flat, a flat piece of anything

lóp

(n) a large leaf of tree

▪jóp

(v) to flatten, make or become flat

lapát

shovel

lapocka (arc) small shovel;

falapocka, falapicka (arc)

small wooden shovel (CzF)

tă-lí

(n) a shovel, spoon

lappangó

dormant, hidden, larval,

latent, potential

*lam-po če

(n) the road to heaven

lassú /ˈlɒʃːuː/

slow, adagio, deliberate,

leisurely, lingering, moderate,

pokey, slack, slowly, sluggish,

tardy, unhurried

▶szédűl, lusta

▪sadu

(adv) slowly


179


lát /ˈlaːt/

to see, witness, descry, ken,

perceive with the eyes, (fig)

pick up

látás /ˈlaːtaːʃ/

vision, (eye)sight, view,

seeing, color perception

ellátás

provisioning, service,

sustenance

láss csodát!

lo and behold!; (lit) see

wonders!

fát

(n) service

le

(adv) down <mer, merre>

me-

(adv) down there

legutóbbi

last, latest

lon-bam-bo

(n) the last, the one behind

~lel

(def) frequentative suffix (ex:

kér to ask → kérlel to plead);

causative suffix (ex: érik to

ripen, become ripe → érlel to

ripen, make ripe; added to

nouns to make verbs

▶szem2

lă

(particle) 1) in emphasis, intensity; in subject of 'only' 2) 'also'

lencse /ˈlɛntʃɛ/

lentil, pea-sized legume

lednek

vetch(ling), everlasting pea,

meadow pea (cultivated as

silage, fodder)

să-lyăṅ

(n) a species of vetch, lentils <să- = (pre) natural element(animal,

plant) + lyăṅ the earth>

Kalaa kla (Aachuely)

(n) lentil


180


alakor ☒

einkorn Triticum

monococcum; (def) An old

kind of Mediterranean wheat

with small bearded ears and

spikelets that each contain one

slender grain, used as fodder

in prehistoric times but now

rarely grown. (Goo)

▶szem

lep /ˈlɛp/

surprise; (reg syn) kap (cur) to

get, vhol talál find smw (EMST)

lepni

to surprise, be taken aback

lepel /ˈlɛpɛl/

shroud, veil, pall, cloth,

perianth <outer part of a

flower, consisting of the calyx

(sepals) and corolla (petals)>;

lepedő (flat) sheet <bed-

covering>

kalap

hat, cap, headgear, chapeau;

caret, circumflex accent; (fig)

particular role or capacity that

a person might fill, lottery or

draw (out of hat); (syn) fejfedő

<feed your head>, sapka,

kúpos ékezet

mesterhármas

hat trick; (def) three

achievements in a single game

or similar

kalapkapcsoló

hat switch; (def) joystick

movement pad; gives 3D

lep

(n) the entrance to the lower regions; (v) to press down, to flatten;

(adj) flat

*ḱa-lep

(n) a cover for pot <keeps smg hidden>


181


games players ability to pan

the view with a touch of the

thumb

▶kap, kalapács

lepény

kalács /ˈkɒlaːʧ/ cake(s); (def)

brioche (light sweet bread),

nut roll; (obs syn) szarvas

(1696) (def) curved-end cake

hajlított végű sütemény, kifli,

kalács (UMESz)

Kürtőskalács /kyrtøːʃkɒlaːtʃ/

[kurtosh kalach] a spit cake

specific to Hungarian-

speaking Szekely land <(cur)

Romania>; Earlier a festive

treat, now eaten every day, of

sweet, yeast (raised) dough

strip spun, wrapped around a

truncated cone–shaped baking

spit; etym refers to a

stovepipe <kályhacső>; the

steaming cake's shape

resembles a hot chimney;

"...when taken off from spit in

one piece, its shape is a 25–30-

centimetre [9.8–11.8-inch] long

vent/tube; (aka) dorongfánk

spit-donut, botratekercs stick

roll-up, botfánk stick-donut,

fonott kalács braided yeast

bread (WIKI)

▶szarv

a-lep

(adj) flat (as plate or board), the leaf of a book <alap>

*čolep <čo = könyv book>

(n) leaf of a book

čo-gu lep

(n) a sheet of paper

ḱu a-lep kat

(n) a chupatee, cake of bread

lép1

to step, advance, move

lep

(n) the entrance to the lower regions; (v) to press down, to flatten;

(adj) flat


182


lepcső

flight of stairs, staircase,

stairway, steps; lépcső stairs,

echelon, scale, step

<légcső

trachea (in the sense of

moving up through a tunnel,

passage or tube, etc.)?>

lepcsőzet

staircase; (syn) gradatio

lépcsőzetes

cascade, cascading, tiered

lépked

to amble, pace, step, stride,

tread, trod(den)

lă –hap

(n) mountain pass, gap, cliff, cavern

*lam-po če

(n) the road to heaven <Lepcha '9 steps from/to heaven' legend: 1st

man/woman descended nine steps to live on Earth>

lap-tsó

(n) stones set up as sign-posts to direct the way; the Lepcha's and

Bhutiya's place leaves on these stones under some supersticious idea,

that they doing so will prevent them getting tired

pă-kyó

(n) steps, stairs <kyó = kihúz draw out>

lép2 /ˈleːp/

spleen; honeycomb

lím, a-lím

(n) the spleen

lepcs(es)

(adj) (obs) ugly, odious, sordid (CzF)

Lepcsényi ✘, Lepsényi ✘,

Szelepcsényi✘ (FaTa)

Lepcha

<(ppn) foreign-named term used to call the Matunchi Róng; said to

come from the Nepali word for 'bad-sounding' referring to the sound

of their language>

> Lapce, Lapca ‘inarticulate speech’ derogitorily given to Róng re: the

(ugly) sound of their speech [NP?] (HePl2)

Rong-Aaring (Aachuley)

(n) Lepcha language


183


lét

(n) existence (the state of being,

occuring), to be ● lévő being,

that (which) exist(s) ● linou!

legyen! (leinin létige kemény

imperativusa, v.ö. Latin: esto!

<(re:) *sŭ-tśó = salétrom

saltpeter, nitre {(ext) nit=lét;

n↔l} ) [SK-HU] (VAA)

lélek

(n) soul, spirit, ghost, conscience;

(obs syn) jonh soul ● lelke

(his/her) soul

lét to be

▶él, bél, só, bársony, pótol,

szél, szellem

◦lyoo /ljɯ/

(n) life, conscious existence, period from birth to death

lŭt3, a-lŭt

(n) 1) the heart, physically; middle, center, product, best; 2) the heart

intellectually, mind, understanding <▶uṅ-să a-lŭt só/salétrom salt>

▪laháp

(n) cave <barlang = bel(ső)-láng = inner flame? ▶ [SA-HU] beela>

lenni /ˈlɛnːi/

(v) to be, exist, am, are, become, is

lény /ˈleːɲ/

(n) being, thing, beast

lényeg /ˈleːɲɛɡ/

(n) essence, substance, point,

bottom line, matter, burden,

entity, essential, gist, inbeing,

juice, kernel, main point, meat,

nature, nub, nucleus, pivot,

quiddity, subsistence, tenor

▶ember, lány, mén, él(mény),

nyilván

nyí, nyí-m

(v) to be; to be in a certain place; to exist: to be sure, to be certain

nyím-bo

(n) existing, one possessing <(ie:) a person ember>

nyí-lă

(adv) being, existing

lyeṅ

(n) young <(female) child of beast or fowl>

mán

(n) flesh, meat; the flesh of body <spirit in flesh form>

létre-

(pre) into existence

lévő

being, that (which) exist(s)


184


levet

to take/get off; to

throw/hurl/fling down; leveti

magát to throw oneself down

leveti magát a szakadékba to

throw onelself into the abyss

száll(j) lét!(IM) fly soul!

<^salute!^>

létra /ˈleːtrɒ/

ladder, scale, stair

lejt to descend, slant, slope

<creation stories: in our

present form we're below

heaven and our creator;

Lepcha say there are 7 steps

down from heaven)

▶ hal, háml, levél

a-lŭt mak

(v) to die <mak hal>, said of man, animal, tree, fire, dispute, used

with (or without) a-lŭt <heart, center <lét>> denotes excessive grief

šál-lŭt! (IM)

<(v slip off the manure!; redeem the heart!>

▪yet, yu

(v) to descend

levél

(n) leaf; mail

lomb

(n) foliage, (forest) canopy,

green(ery), leaf, tree cover,

verdure

> levil tenyér [HU]

lóp

(n) a large leaf of tree

lidérc ☐ /ˈlideːrts/

(n) elf, imp, (hob)goblin, incubus,

will o'the wisp, wraith, bugan,

knocker, spirit, sprite, taipo

ledér

lecherous, wanton, frivolous

lidércnyomás /ˈlideːrtsɲomaːʃ/

nightmare, incubus, obsession,

(lit) pressed down by lidérc

▪dre

(n) demon

nók2

(v) to be black; dirty; bad


185


lednek vetch (cultivated as

silage, fodder)

ló

horse(s), knight, steed, equine,

Equus caballus, mount, nag;

pommel/vaulting horse

lónak

for (the) horse

mén ☐

stallion, stud, horse

telivér ló

thoroughbred

lóvé

bread, dough

szárnyas ló

hippogriff; (myth) creature

with horse's body and eagle's

wings, head, born of the union

of a male griffin and a filly

lóm

(n) road, way; journey, distance; to walk, travel

lón

(v) to lead

Lhonak La <pass>/Valley ⚑ (DaRa)

(pn) the home of the herdsmen, meaning 'barren plain,' Muguthang

is the principle village

Lhonak River ≈

(pn) a tributary of the Tista <aka Teesta> River

on

(n) a horse

lő

to shoot, fire, shell, throw; shot

lövedék

bullet, missile, ammunition,

ball, projectile, round, shell,

shot, slug

▪lâm

(v) to fly

▪lang

(n) stone <used for arrowheads, weapons, cannonballs golyó?>

▪lók

(v) to damage, injure, harm

lob

inflammation

lobog

to blaze, flame, flicker, flutter

lot

(n) a rupture, a swelling

la la

(adj) flaming up, flackering as light


186


lobban

flicker

lobogva ég

flare

lobogás láng

flaring

la la dyak bam

(v) to flame up

lóg

lag, hang, play truant, dangle

lóg után(a)

lag behind (it)

lon, a-lon

(adv) behind, after

lon-nŭn

(adv) after, afterwards

lök

to push, hit, jog, jostle, knock,

poke, hove, thrust, toss

lökdös

to jostle, poke

lökdösöm

I push/jostle [it]

lökés

tremor, boost, bump, brunt,

collision, heave, impact,

impulse, jar, jerk, jog, jolt, kick,

percussion, poke, prod, push,

put, shake, shock, shove,

stroke, thrust, toss

▪nók

(v) to push

▪nyók

(v) to cause to quiver, shake

▪lók

(v) to damage, injure, harm

lombik /ˈlombik/

flask, alembic, retort; (def obs)

distilling apparatus for

condensing and conveying

products to receiver (Goo)

▪lóm

(suf) via, through; (n) road, way; (v) to walk

▪lón

(v) to lead, command


187


lódít, lódigál

throw, toss, jerk, push away,

repulse, command or leave

smb to hurry to go smw; (syn)

lódóvá/lótóvá tesz (CzF)

ismétlődik

to happen again, recur, repeat,

return <after being pushed

away?>

>>lök, gyalog>>

▪lol

(v) to bend, turn

▪lót

(v) to repeat

▪lótthi

(v) to come back again

▪lóttho

(v) to put again

▪lótzúk

(v) to remake

lük* * to grind, beat*

lüktet

to pulsate, palpitate, throb; to

walk while kicking dirt with

one foot: lökdösve sántikál

(der) lükés, lűkög, lökg, lükü

(CzF)

lüktető

pulsating; lüktetés to pulse,

beat, pulsation, throb(bing)

lüke ☐

(n) nut <smg ground>, idiot, (sla)

a 'flake'

külü, külő, küllő (wheel)

spoke; (+) kölyű impact-

hammer, pestle: lükü, lökő

(rev ←) (CzF)

>>fel, lök, külü, pehely

flek2, a-flek

(n) 1) pulse or split peas; 2) anything broken into small pieces; 3) a

splinter of rock <flake, fel-lük?>

lusta ☐

lazy, idle, indolent, work-shy

ló-šók

(v) to be neglected (as work)


188


lusta ember

lazy (hu)man

lomha ☐

pokey, slow(poke), slack,

slothful, sluggish, sullen,

torpid <^lumber along^>

>>kop, kés, las-, dulakodás,

tunya, ló, gyalog

lŭk-dŭ, lŭk-dŭ mă-ró

(n) a good-for-nothing sort of fellow, a lazy drone, who only thinks of

eating and sleeping

lóm-ba kyop-bo, kyop kyop lóm

(v) be slow in walking as sick man <kyop-bo = (n) one reduced to a

supine state <hanyatt fekvő>>

lóm-bo

(n) a walker

kop, kyop

(v) to be slow, lazy, tardy

Ly

lyuk

hole, earth (fox's lair), opening,

aperture, burrow, cavity, eye,

gap, kennel, leakage, orifice,

perforation, pit, pocket,

puncture, socket, vent

átlyuggat

honeycomb

◦hok

(v) to make a hole(s) in, put or drive into a hole, bore a tunnel, etc.,

make a hollow within a body or in a substance with or without a

passage outside, make a hole digging out or removing material

vót fyŭ

(n) cells of honey; any depression <vót (large) bee + fyŭ főző/fazék =

small cooking vessel>

M

madár ☐

(n) bird ● marti madár bird

[SA-HU] (VAA)

fo

(n) a bird <fa tree>

mag

seed(s), pip, corn, kernal,

seminal, berry, bud, cell

nucleus, core, germ, pit,

sperm, stone, true seed

▪a-mik

(n) eye

mă-ró

(n) man, a person; a person, ie. one's self


189


maga

(hon) you, oneself, thou, (lit)

your seed; magam (hon)

myself, (lit) my seed

makk ☐

glans penis (conical

vascularized body forming the

extremity of the penis)

kőmag

stone, pit, core; (lit) stone seed

▪lang

(n) stone <landa föld land [SA-HU]>

magömlés

ejaculation

magma

magma, molten matter

magmái

(his/her/its) magma

mak mí

(n) man of war

Magyar(ok)

Hungarian(s); Mudgala

<magdala, mandula?>,

Mudgara White Huns; (arc

spelling in chronicles) mogor-,

moger- Hungarians; (foreign

spell) madgiar-, madsar-

(VaCs7)

<Mada Adam Ádám (rev ←)>

A Magyar

the Hungarian; a mag jár the

seed roams <Hungarians, a

nomadic ppl>

Magyarország Hungary,

cockpit of Europe

Magyarul

in Hungarian

mŭ dyăn

(n) the form, figure of the body <mŭ = body test>

măt, mŭt

(v) to blow <like the wind>

mŭt

(n) the god of fortune

Matli Pano (Aachuley)

(pn) Earthquake King; in Lepcha creation story, Lord Eetboo-deyboo

Rum created the Kaongchyenkaonglo-Chyoo (Kanchendzonga

Mountain) and Matli Pano. Land was created by placing soil at MP,

who still lies below.

ʔádyút

(n) fight

mán ryak

(v) to hunt


190


magyaráz

explain, explicate, clarify

magyarán

bluntly, point-blank <without

embellishment, purely the

truth>

magyarázat

key, explanation, note, gloss,

elucidation; luculent

<meggyőző> (of language,

speeches, etc.: lucid, brilliantly

clear; (arc) shining, brilliant)

magyarázkodik

(v) to apologize, explain oneself

(to somebody else)

magyal ☐

(n) holly, Ilex aquifolium

Magán Talaj(IM)

Private Earth ● Magja Landa(IM)

Seed's Land <landa=lyang land

[SA-HU]> ● Magyal Landa(IM)

Holly Land

magára hagyni

(v) to leave it to one’s own self,

leave it alone

⚑ Mady Jawr Nagy Medence =

Kárpát Medence? Great Basin

= Carpathian Basin? [SA-HU]

(VAA)

mán ryak-bo

(n) hunter

mak mí

(n) man of war <hadihajó> <mak = die meghal + mí = ember(i)

man(kind)>

mă-yăl

(adv) purity

mă-yăl mă-lók

(n) eternal purity

Mangan

⚑ town, headquarters of N Sikkim, opening to the Tibet-Qinghai (or

Qingzang) Plateau, btwn the inner Himalayan range (S) and the

Kunlun Range (N); the start of "the Roof of the World," running

Eastward, the world's highest and largest plateau

Mayal Lyang

(ppn) 'Hidden Land’ or ‘the land blessed by God' …name of the

Lepcha's tribal homeland <mă-yăl purity + lyang = [HU] landa, land,

[MA] láng flame = 'pure field/flame'>


191


malac

pig, farrow <pharoah?>, hog,

pork(lings), swine; (hum) luck

disznó /ˈdisnoː/

pig, swine, hog, pork; dirty

vaddisznó

wild boar, Suidae, domestic

pig ancestor; (syn) vadkan,

kan disznó

koca, emse /ˈkotsɒ/ sow, yelt,

gilt; anyadisznó sow; (lit)

mother pig

sertés /ˈʃeːrteːʃ/

pig(s), swine, hog, pork, sow;

törpesertés miniature pig(s)

tengeri malac

guinea pig(s); (lit) sea pig

▪món

(n) pig, boar <món also = medicine gyógyszer>

▪mŭt

(n) the god of fortune

▪món tsu

(n) boar, uncastrated boar

▪món bo

(n) boar, uncastrated male of swine

▪món bu

(n) boar

▪món mi

(n) fallow sow

▪món mót

(n) sow

▪món sháng

(n) barren sow

▪món tâng (rev ←)

(n) fat boar

mŭt-li

(n) the name of a fabulous animal like a pig, said to support the earth

<Taiap (aka Gapun), ancient language of Papua New Guinea (less

than 100 current speakers)>

malom

mill

lam (←rev)

la-mo

(n) ground on which they thrash corn by dancing on it


192


mancs /ˈmɒnʧ/

paw, claw, leg, pad mancsok

paws, claws, legs, pads

▪mán čúk

(n) flesh, meat hús

mandula (torokmandula)

tonsil(s) <throat organ/gland>

mirigy ☐

gland, glandula

dŭ, a-dŭ, man-dŭ, man-să a-dŭ

(n) a gland

mángol

to mangle, smooth btwn

rollers (hengerek) <being 'over

a barrel'>; (reg-Erd) mungorol;

(syn) ki-mángol, mángorol

(CzF)

mangura

a reef that appears then

quickly disappears (term used

by Duna, Tisza boatmen)

<dangerous obstacle> (CzF)

csamangó, csamongó (reg-

Kecskemét) (syn) with

executioner, butcher,

hangman, headsman, dog-

catcher (CzF)

mangaléta

long bayoneted rifle (CzF)

Mitmitke

(reg-Somogy) Lidérc elf, imp,

(hob)goblin, incubus, will

o'the wisp, wraith, bugan,

knocker, spirit, sprite, taipo

mŭṅ, mŭṅ-ma ⚡

(n) an evil spirit, demon; the evil principle, the devil (opposite of

rŭm)

mankó ☐

(n) walking stick

ḱar-sil

(n) a kind of staff used by la-ma's


193


manó /ˈmɒnoː/ , (p) manók

/ˈmɒnoːk/

(n) elf, kobold, (hob)goblin, evil

sprite, gnome, leprechaun,

brownie, imp, pixie, pygmy, troll

a-nók

(adj) black; dirty; bad, evil

mi nók

(n) in sense of the 'low', the low people

mă-nuṅ muṅ, mă-nuṅ mít

(n) the goddess of the woods and forests <muṅ = an evil spirit,

demon; mít = female/woman of superior beings>

Mao-tunt ♔

Huns' supreme king, end of

3rd C BC (RaGé1)

méltóképpen

worthily

mély talajmű(velés) csúcs (IM)

deep tillage peak, the peak of

plowing/creation

mély talajmű(velés) csík(IM)

deep tillage streak/band, deep

streak/band of creation

Mao-Tai-Ching-Rong ♔

<(pn) ruler of a Tai group of people Nayan Tshering Lepcha indicates

the Róng originate from> (RNT)

mo-tŭn ć'i <roṅ>

mútuncí róngkup rumkup (LeTo)

Mutanchyee Rum Kup (Aachuley)

(ppn) (old Lepcha, Tŭn-bor, Tă-še-suṅ <Legends of

Padmasambhava>) a Lepcha, acc. to Mainwaring from Tibetan rmod

ma byed "that does not plough" <mo to plough + -tŭn does not (acc.

to Main. postp. of neg. imperf., when preceeded by a verb ending in

the final t forms with the preceeding mă) + ć'i greatly>

marad

stay, remain, abide, leave (be)

maradandó

abiding, deathless, everlasting,

imperishable, standing;

maradandóan permanently

maradó

one who stays, remains, abides

mă-ró do ḱuṅ-nŭn da-nyi

(v) to be naturally from all eternity

mă-ró do

(n) one's self

március March mar, mar-nyóm

(n) name for third month


194


marok

hand(ful), palm; marék

handful

markol(ás)

grab, grasp, grip

marok

handful, hand, palm

vór

(v) to clasp, to take a grasp of (as of hair, clothes)

▪kalyók

(n) palm of hand

más /ˈmaːʃ/

other, different, else, unlike,

remaining, additional, another

(one), rest of

mások

others

másol /ˈmaːʃol/

to copy, duplicate, counterfeit,

imitate, make a copy,

plagiarize, reproduce, trace

átmásol

to transfer, trace, copy

mă-šok-ne

(adj) not counted, not included, exclusively of, in subject of 'in

addition to, over and above, besides'

a-ló ašŭ

(n) a trace (of any one)

maszlag

(n) bait, bunk, hooey, daturna,

fudge, stramonium; CzF: 1)

akármiféle étel vagy ital,

mely részegséget, kábulást,

bódulást <state of reduced

consciousness or sensibility;

bódult numb> okoz: to be drunk,

drugged, dazed, quarrelsome,

rowdy, cranky (as a result of

intoxicating food or drink); (rel)

maszog, matat, matikál,

továbbá a motat, motoz igék

Mânsalóng ⚡ (HePl, pp 195-205)

(pn) 'master of Sikkim,' supernatural being <(a lungji <see landzsa> a

powerful, at times harmful, force)> featured in the (and other) folk

tale, 'The Legendary Mânsalóng,' who came from the snowy

mountains, lived with, taught and did many things for the Lepcha.

He showed them how to roast a pig. His name (acc. to tale): mân

meat + lang or lóng stone. <láng = flame ...note: mân + kő stone =

mennykő thunderbolt (God's arrow) (lit) heavenly stone>

Punzu Tuklyo Paco Lepcha

(pn) Mânsalóng's (human) assistant


195


masz, mat, mot 2) nightshade

plant, (fam) Datura

sitramonium; (com) csattanó

maszlag: Jimson weed, devil's-

apple, Devil's snare, csattanós

maszlag: thornapple <(John

Gerard's Herball (1597):"juice of

Thornapple, boiled with hog's

grease, cureth all inflammations

whatsoever)>, moonflower, hell's

bells, devil’s trumpet, devil’s

weed, tolguacha, Jamestown weed <from Jamestown, Virginia (1676),

where British soldiers consumed

it while attempting to suppress

Bacon's Rebellion. They spent 11

days in altered mental states>,

stinkweed, locoweed, pricklyburr,

and devil’s cucumber; (def) used

in traditional medicine to

relieve asthma symptoms and

as an analgesic (to render

patients unconscious) during

surgery or bonesetting. It is

also a powerful hallucinogen

and deliriant used spiritually

for the intense visions it

produces. However, the

tropane alkaloids are fatal in

careless, heavy doses. (WIKI)

maszlagol

(v) to talk hooey

maszlagoló

(n) opiate-monger

beveszi a maszlagot

(n) take(s) the bait

madzag ☐

(n) string <string along?>

malac

(n) pig; szalonna bacon; sonka

ham

Sakyóng Puntóng (or Pentóng)

(n) Sungnyít Cave location ▶gyök <add>

Sungnyít Cave

(pn) last cave Mânsalóng and his assistant slept in; site of wonderous

things as told by Punzu Tuklyo Paco Lepcha

mán


ma

(v) to be secret, concealed

ma nóṅ

(v) 1) to go secretly; 2) to disappear <nóṅ = -ong>

ma-lyaṅ

(n) a place of concealment; shelter, refuge, etc.

a-ma

(n) a secret thing

a-ma lóm

(n) a secret road

*ma-čen

(n) 'the most important personage,' a cook, a baker

ma dó lóp

(n) a plant M. <no further details given>

mál, mál-lă mál-lă

(v) coming and going, appearing and disappearing

móṅ

(n) álom dream

móṅ-ka lóm

(v) to walk in sleep

móṅ kyóṅ

(v) to have a confused, inexplicable dream

móṅ se

(v) to have a clear distinct dream, which afterwards proves true


196


sunyí

shifty, sneaky, foxy ▶

szánakozó

szundít

nap, snooze

szunnyad

to lie dormant, slumber

farkasboroszlán

spurge laurel

kutyatej

spurge, dandelion, devil's-

milk; (fam) euphorbia; (def)

known for their poisonous,

milky, white latex-like sap and

unusual, unique kind of floral

structures

⚑ Mászlony [Dombóvár] town

in Hungary near Somogy and

Tolna County lines, Tüske

városrész (4.3km), Kaposvár

(28km), Pécs (35km) and

Szekszárd (43km) [MA]

> ma-sal4-lum (wr. ma-ša-lum;

zabarma-ša-lum; urudma-sal4-

lum; mu-ša-lum) mirror tükör

matematika mathematics tí-mă tí-kă

(adj) great

mécses /ˈmeːʧɛʃ/

(n) lamp, lampion, oil device

producing light <^matches^>

mécsbél, kanóc, gézcsomó

(n) (lamp)wick

ć'o-mí (←rev)

(n) a lamp, light (light used on an altar)

ć'o-mí duṅ (-re)

(n) the wick of lamp


197


méh /ˈmeː/

(n) Apidae, (honey) bee(s), drone,

bumblebee; belly, endometrium,

uterus, myometrium, uterine,

uterine cervix, womb; (obs) ring,

torque; bracelet; méhek bees

méz

(n) honey <méz ♬ ^maze^

útvesztő> <honey ♬ honi (of)

home/motherland>

anyaméh

(n) belly, uterus, womb; (lit)

mother bee <méh ♬ may: Mother

may I? Anya, szabad/lehet?>

méhkas

(n) beehive, apiary; (def) man-

made box in which bees are kept

for their honey; (syn) kaptár <kastély?> <híve devotee, follower>

kaptár /ˈkɒptaːr/

(n) beehive, apiaries, skeps <^captor^ foglyul ejtő>

fonott méhkas

(n) apiaries, beehives, skeps,

wicker beehive; (lit) braided

beehive

mŭk-nyam

(n) a species of small bee

▪ʔáthú

(n) méz honey <ʔáthú also = this up over there, this up above there >

▪me-

(adv) down there

▪kŭp-tʻor

(n) womb

▪vót

(n) honey-bee

meleg warm, hot, thermal,

warmth; warm weather, heat,

hot season

meleg szendvich toasted

sandwich

mi

(n) fire

mellé

next (to), aside, beside

mál, mál-lă mál-lă

(v) coming and going, appearing and disappearing


198


mellébeszél

to beat around the bush,

equivocate, fudge, palter,

shuffle

mellék-

ancillary, accessory, by,

collateral, extra, lateral, side

ma

(v) 1) to be secret, concealed; 2) to disappear

ma kón

(v) let it be secret

ma-lă

(adv) secretly

melléfog to be/fall wide of the

mark, make a blunder,

blunder

mellétalál miss the target,

strike/shoot wide off the mark

▪melon

(adv) in that direction down there <far from the mark?>

mély

deep, profound, abtruse, low,

low-pitched, fast (of sleep;

deep or sound), absorbed,

intense, recondite, rich,

thorough

mélybe

(into the) depths, deep

mélyebb

deeper

mélyen

deep(ly), low, fast (asleep);

sound(ly) (asleep), sore

merül

to dip, dive, drown, sink ●

merülés diving ● meredély

steep, bluff, cliff, escarpment

me

<(pre) below ... Main p.72>

me-a, me-ba

(adv) there below (distant)

me-bi

(adv) there below (less distant than me-ba)

me-lom

(adv) like that down there

me-lon

(adv) in that direction, down there

me-re, me-lo-lă, me-lol-lă

(adv) that there below


199


menni kör(ül)

going around

ma-nyi kor

(v) to whirl round <(as prayerwheels do); see menny>

menny

(n) heaven

menny(ország)

heaven, paradise

menedék

haven, refuge, shelter,

coverture, asylum, bolt-hole,

concealment, cover, harbor,

home, housing, mew

menekül

to flee, seek refuge

*nam (←rev)

(n) the sky, heaven

*ma-nyi

(n) 'the jewel' especially in sense of prayerwheel

mayel

(n) paradise

ma

(v) 1) to be secret, concealed; 2) to disappear

ma-lyaṅ

(n) a place of concealment; also in subject of shelter, refuge, etc.

mennykő

(n) lightening, (lit) heaven rock

mŭṅ-kyek

(n) forked lightening

meny(asszony)

bride, daughter-in-law

menyasszonyi

pár bridal couple

menyegző

wedding, nuptials

menyekző bir(odalom)?

nászkészület bir(odalom)?

> bir katonasági szövetség

military alliance; biren

szövetségben lenni to be in

alliance [HU] (Toth2)

nyóm, nyóm-al

(n) a bride, also a daughter-in-law

nyóm să myók

(n) the daugher and son-in-law, the bride and bridegroom

nyóm klóṅ

(v) to send a bride to marry

naamko bree

(n) marriage, the act of marrying someone or the ceremony at which

this is done <online article, not Main.>


200


mer

to dare, venture, be bold,

durst, pretend, spoon, stake; to

spoon, withdraw

merít

to dip, draw, extract, spoon,

take (out of), withdraw, ladel

meredek

steep, precipitous, abrupt,

arduous, bluff, high-pitched,

sheer, sticky, tilted, prone

lemerít

to duck, immerse, merge

lemerül /ˈlɛmɛryl/

to sink, dive, duck, discharge

merev

rigid, strict, angular,

unyielding, inflexible, start,

muscle-bound, tense,

unbending

⚐ Lemuria /lᵻˈmjʊəriə/

<Lemerül?> hypothetical "lost

land" in the Indian, Pacific

Oceans that existed in ancient

times, sinking after a

cataclysmic geological change,

such as pole shift (WIKI)

>> maró, merő, mély, melléfog,

merre

▪me-

(adv) down there

me-re, me-lo-lă, me-lol-lă

(adv) that there below

▪melon

(adv) in that direction, down there

ŭṅ myŭr

(v) to dip, plunge into water <ŭṅ = water víz>

mă-ró kă-gŭl-lă

(n) an indefatigable person <kă-gŭl-lă = worn by friction;

indestructible gyúla>

mérges

angry, poisonous, mad,

annoyed, bad, evil, fretful,

furious, harmful, irate, ratty,

savage, venomous, viperous,

wrathful

mŭṅ, mŭṅ-ma

(n) an evil spirit, demon; the evil principle, the devil (opposite of

rŭm)


201


méreg

poison, venom, toxin, toxic,

anger, bane, bother, wrath

mereng

to ponder, brood

mogorva ☐ , morc

peevish, sullen, sour, surly,

morose, gruff

mogorván néz

to scowl, glower (at smb)

mogorva ember

grouch, cross-patch

mogorvaság

sullenness, peevishness,

crossness, surliness, gruffness

merre?

where? whereabouts? which

way? in what direction?

merrébb?

how much further?

▪mere

(adv) that down there

▪mebí

(adv) there below (less distant than mebá)

▪mebá

(adv) there below (more distant than mebí)

mese

fairytale, fable, tale, yarn

*pe šet

(n) a fable, parable, illustration; (v) to tell a parable

mester

master, maestro, governor,

virtuoso (an expert in their

field)

*ma čen

(n) 'the most important personage' a cook, a baker


202


mi1

we (exclusive: I and at least

one other person, but not the

addressed person), us

mink, minket

our, us

declension of mi: nominative

mi, accusative minket, dative

nekünk, instrumental velünk,

causal-final értünk, inessive

bennünk, superessive rajtunk,

adessive nálunk, illative

belénk, sublative ránk,

allative hozzánk, elative

belőlünk, delative rólunk,

ablative tőlünk

▶mulya

*mí

(n) a man; mankind

mán, mán-kít, a-mán


míg /miːɡ/

where(as), as/so (long as),

insofar as, until, till, while,

whilst

amíg /ˈɒmiːɡ/

until, till, as/so (long as),

pending, whereas, while,

whilst

ámde

yet, however, nevertheless, but

még /ˈmeːɡ/

still, even, yet, already, (some)

more, so far, till

mégis /ˈmeːɡiʃ/

however, all the same, still,

even so, nothwithstanding,

redo, afterall, anyhow,

anyway, despite, inspite of,

nevertheless, though, yet

yaṅ-lă



203


mind(en)

all

mindegyik

each, all, every (one

mindig

always

ṕin-dak

(adj, n) all, the whole, altogether

kŭṅ-gan

(adv) always, ever (incorrect form)

mint /ˈmint/

(adj) than, as, like, as if, as of,

nor, qua <^mint (ex: money,

printed bills = value)^>

nam

(adj) like <similar to> <^name^>

mond

(v) to say, tell, speak

mondva

(v) (to do smg) speaking

mondó

(n) one who says smg 1)

mondó (= azt mondó) vagyok;

2) Müncheni codex: "mondani

való'. "Még sok mondóm

vagyon tünektek." (CzF)

mondás

(n) phrase, saying, maxim

monda saga, legend, myth ▶dal

mondat

(n) sentence

mondani

(v) to say

elmond

(v) to relate a story; (syn)

mesél

mŭn

(n) a note, singing

mŭn vă

(v) to prolong a note; (n) a long note, prolonged note

mŭn-bo

(n) a priest, a bard

*mŭn-dóṅ

(n) a sacred direction to remind of one's moral duties

mon ťum

(n) a story, legend, history

*mŭn-lóm

(n) a prayer, supplication, intercession, blessing

mŭt

(v) to be finished, as word


204


mandula

(n) tonsil(s) <throat organ

torokmandula /ˈmɒndulɒ/,

almond <elmond?!>

⚑ Mondula (1328); Mondola

(1389) helynevek (UMESz)

▶duma, szó, nyelv, dal

mord

(adj) grim, stern, sinister

mordul

(v) growl, snarl at, (have)

wrathful anger, turn on

mordály

(n) (obs) blunderbuss

morog to grunt, growl, moan,

rumble

morgó

(n) grumbler

moraj(lás)

(v) to bellow, boom, murmur,

roar(ing); boom (of cannon guns,

the sea)

morajl|ik

(v) to rumble, rustle, (sea) sound,

boom, roar; (far-away thunder)

boom

▶mérges, mocskos, mond

nyór

(v) to grunt, groan or moan in sleep

dyŭ

(v) to fight, make war, quarrel

mű

(n) creation, Greek letter mu,

opus, work, writing

mŭ

(n) tárgy; test, élő test object; body, living body


205


mű-

(adj) false, art(ful), dummy,

imitation, man-made, mock, near,

phantom, synthetic

műves, míves

(n) worker, phyical laborer ●

földműves

(n) ploughman

művész

(n) artist <ész = mind>

szántás

(v) ploughing

szánt-mű (IM)

to 'plough-work'

*mo

(v) to plough

mo če, *mo ćà

(n) ekevas ploughshare

mo šiṅ

(n) ploughshare, a plough

šiṅ mo

(v) to plough

mo-tŭn ć'i \ mútuncí róngkup rumkup (LeTo)

(ppn) (old Lepcha, Tŭn-bor, Tă-še-suṅ <Legends of

Padmasambhava>) a Lepcha, acc. to Main. ← Tib. rmod ma byed

"that does not plough" <mo to plough + -tŭn does not (acc. to Main.

postp. of neg. imperf., when preceeded by a verb ending in the final t

forms with the preceeding mă) + ć'i greatly> >>GO TO méltókép for

stronger translation and explanation why this is incorrect>>

muhar

(n) (foxtail) millet, setaria grass

móṅ

(n) millet

mutat

(v) to show, present, point (to),

reveal, denote, give, mark, record,

simulate

nam mat

(v) to make believe, to simulate


206


N

-n, -nál/-nél, -en/-én/-on/-ön

(adv) in or very near a particular

place; positioned at the upper

sufrace of; at the date/time of;

touching, hanging from

▶rá

lon


na! well!, so!, hey!

nă!

(exc) alas!

-nă

(suff) acts as an imperative or emphatic

nagy

big, large, great, grand, ample,

high, expansive, goodly, high,

noble, mighty

nagyon

very, much, many, highly,

mightily, greatly, full,

thundering, wondrous, well

nagy kapu

large gate

nagyobb

bigger, greater; major, more

nagyobbít

augment, magnify

Nagyon Jó/Nyújt(IM)

Very Good/Giving

Vagyon Nyújtó(IM)

Fortune-Provider

vagyon

na

(v) to be superabundant, superfluous

▪nyák

(v) to exceed

*yaṅ2

(adv) much

yaṅ-ṅă

(n) altogether, entirely, completely, quite, always, ever

*gye

(adj) large, great, extensive, ample, much

gye-ko

(n) a large door, a gate

nakgyóṅ

(adj) very much/big? [check this]

mŭṅ-nyoṅ

(adj) much, many, a crowd

*nán

(v) to enlarge


207


fortune, wealth, riches;

property, possessions; (arc)

(s/he) is/(exists)

> nohta nagy big [Mycho]

(WIKI)

> mady nagy [SA-HU]

náp

(v) to add a little, increase a little

Nazong-Nyu(RNT)

(pn) first female created, means 'ever fortunate'

<interesting: ő vagyon = she exists AND she is (a treasure)>

nap 💫

sun, day, the Sun, sunshine,

solar, date, lamp; napok days,

plural of day; 💫 Napid the

Sun [SA-HU] 💫 Napi the Sun,

(lit) Old Man //fix this//

> bi nap (idő) day (time);

bijuum, gim, gin nappal

daytime, during the day [SA-

HU] (VAA)

napló

diary, log, journal <record of

one's days/nights> naplók

diaries

nappal

day(s), by day, daytime,

during the day, in the daytime

napszállta

dusk, gloaming, nightfall,

sunset

napkelte, napfelkelte

sunrise

naplemente

sunset, purple light; (syn reg-

Erd) naphaladta, naphaladat

(SaAt)

nap-sóṅ, nap-pă luk-kă

(adv) morning and evening, night and day

▪náp-lúk

(adv) day and night, morning and evening

nap-ză

(n) evening, before night

luk nap luk-lŭṅ

(v) rising early in the morning, before day-break

nász

(n) (wedding) nuptials, hymen

nyóm klóṅ

(v) to send a bride to marry


208


nász-

(adj) bridal

▶meny

nyóm, nyóm-al

(n) a bride, also a daughter-in-law

naszád sloop, pinnace,

gunboat (a small warship)

navár

(n) boat

Né Maya El, Né Magán, Néma

Jel ?? Silent Sign, Quiescent

Note <elysium?>

▶paradicsom

Ney Mayel

The Lepchas believe that their tribe originated from a place called

Ney Mayel, a utopian land of plenty, a paradise, a garden of Eden

situated somewhere near Mount Kanchenjunga, their guardian deity.

They believe that this utopian homeland was created for them by

their Mother-Creator Itbu-moo <Itt Báj Mű? ... Itt-Here + Báj-

Grace/Charm OR Itt Madü? ...Madü-Nagy-Great [HU-Iszfaháni]

nedv, nedű

(n) juice, moisture, wetness ●

nedves ☐ wet, moist ● nedves

föld wetland(s) ● ved nedves,

vizes wet; vedlanda vizes föld,

nagy mocsár wetland [SA-HU] (VAA) ● nag nedv moisture [SU] (Toth3) ● naḍa nád a reed; naḍvat

abounding in reeds [SK] (KCsS)

nád ☐

(n) reed, cane, bamboo <grows in

water; bamboo, bamboozle in

Land of Nod/Nád?>

nádas

(adj) reedy

▶gyékény

nŭp

(v) to be covered with water

navár

(n) boat

na

(v) to be superabundant, superfluous <reed grass is>

na dyăn

(v) to fling away what is superfluous <nagyon?>


209


négy, négyes

(num) four ● limmu négy four

[SU] (Toth3) ● negyven forty

fertály

(n) (arc) quarter of a(n) <amt>

negyed

(n) quarter, fourth, district,

section

fal

(n) wall <four walls =

house/abode>

falu

(n) village, town, abode,

country(side), field, ham(let),

location, place, site, spot ● kügü

falu [HU] (PeIm)

falnagy, folnagy

<fali-nagy?> (arc-Erd)

(n) administrator, manager,

steward, trustee, custodian,

bailiff; (syn) Verwalter [GE]

(SzAt)

▶fa, bot

fă-lí

(num) four

fă-lí-bo re

(adj) a negyed(ik) the fourth

nektár /// virágméz

<karácsony?>

▶kása

*kă-rŭṅ

(n) meat (food) or drink prepared for special occasions; ambrosia,

nectar

nem1

no, negative, opposite of 'yes'

ne

no, don't, not

ṅam

(v) to forbid, prohibit, interdict, stop

-nă

(suff) affixed to verbs preceded by mă- (and followed by the verbal

affix) forms negative; also singly forms negative in some cases


210


nélkül

without, minus, wanting, lack

nem lát

can't see

nem jó

not good

lon-ka

(adv) in the absence of

▪nók-lât

(n) blackness

lă-yo

(n) sin, guilt, literally 'without virtue' <lă- as prefix forms nouns in

the negative (le?);, ie. lă-yo = nem jó> <^liar^>

nemű, némü

kind; minémű what kind

némi

some

némely, (reg) némő (BaGy)

certain, some

némi

nemű some kind; (obs syn)

nemű nemű <used, but CzF

says incorrectly>

▶ivar, mű

kă-ta mŭ

(adj) an, a certain one <kă-ta = one, single egyedüli>

mŭ

(n) an object; body, living body

nevet /ˈnɛvɛt/

to laugh, crack up, smile

nevetve

laughingly

nevetés /ˈnɛvɛteːʃ/

laughter

▶kacagás

▪thyen (rev ←)

(v) to laugh

▪thyenlá

(adv) laughingly

▪thyenlât

(n) laughter

néz /ˈneːz/ ṅák1

(v) to see, look behold


211


to look (at), watch, behold,

observe, view, eye(ball), front,

mark, look over, regard, take

for; nézek I look/behold

néző

viewer, beholder, onlooker,

spectator, looker-on, bystander

nézőpont

aspect, point of view,

viewpoint; (syn) szempont

<(lit) eye point>

nézőtér

theatre, auditorium, lecture

room, house; (lit) viewer's

place

▶szem(pont)

nívó

level, bench, plane, standard

nivellál

level

nă

(v) to be level, even, straight; always, continually, regularly

nă-lă

(adv) even, etc.

nă-lă zuk

(v) to make even, level, smooth

nő1 ☐

to grow, increase, accrue, rise,

aggrandize, augment, enlarge,

wax, broad, amplify, extend,

magnify, raise, spring up,

sprout, thicken

növény

plant, vegetable, herb, flora

növel

nă-

(pref) forms nomina, adjectiva; esp. tree names (plants), beasts (birds,

insects, etc.) also a few nomina propria (female consorts of gods,

demons, etc.); in certain cases, interchangeable with nŭm- or nŭṅ

*nán

(v) to enlarge

na

(v) to be superabundant, superfluous

nŭṅ

(adj) wide-spreading


212


▶nagyít, nyúl

ríp

(n) flower, blossom, flowering plant

nő2

woman, girl, female, feminine,

lady, heifer, hen

nősül

married

-né Mrs.

néni

aunt, dame, mother

néne

(obs) elder sister

nyóm lyo

(v) to take a bride, to marry

Nuzaongnyoo (Aachuley)

(pn) second human created by Eetboo-Deyboo Rum, sister of

Fadaongthing

nógat

to urge (on), drive (on), goad,

press, prod, push

nógass!

urge (me) on!

nógatás

pressing

tanogat

(arc, def) slow, continously

forward-moving, gentle

teaching (as one would with a

child, novice) (CsF)

▶nyom

năk

(v) to gasp for, attempt to subjugate, rough-cast, fashion into shape

năt

(v) to push, push against, strive for

a-sóm năk

(v) to gasp for breath, attempt to overcome the difficulty, struggle for

life, push, thrust, push on, urge

tă-hlam năk

(v) to push forward


213


nővér /ˈnøːveːr/ elder sister,

older sister, (rel) nun, nurse,

fille

unokahúg /ˈunokɒhuːɡ/

niece, cousin

▶unoka

nón4, a-nóm

(n) elder sister

(a-)nóm kŭp

(n) elder sister's child, niece, nephew

Ny

nyáj /ˈɲaːj/

(n) flock, herd(s), bunch, drove,

group, sheep

nyájas ☐

(adj) affable, kind(ly), friendly,

amiable, nice, alluring, charming,

gentle, good, lovely, soft, sweet,

tender, winsome, accessible,

amenable, benign, bland, civil,

comely, companionable,

courteous, endeaing, meek,

gracious, mild, placid, pretty

nyájasan

(adv) gently

▶arany, nyel, finom

ŭm1

(v) to be nice, savoury, delicious, agreeable to taste or feelings <▶

arany and nyel both use this root>

nyak ☐ /ˈɲaːk/

(n) neck, throat <torok>, cervix,

collar, crag, nape, scrag, shank

nyaki

(adj) cervical, jugular, of the neck

nyaklánc

(n) necklace

lyak

(n) a necklace for women

nyók ťók

(n) a necklace


214


nyakszirt

(n) back of the head, nape, crag,

scrag, scruff; (syn) tarkó

▪kŭm-hyăr

(n) occiput <back part of the neck>

nyál

(n) saliva

nyel

(v) swallow, gulp, devour, gorge,

ingest, stomach; handle (of pot,

etc).

nyelv1

(n) tongue; language

nyelvcsap

(n) uvula, appendage that hangs

from the palate used when

swallowing

nyálka

(n) mucus, slime, phlegm, snot

nyal

(v) to lap, lick

▶nyelv2, nyáj

▪gyón

(n) saliva

hyul \ ▪hyúl

(v) to swallow nyel

hyul nyón

(v) to swallow down lenyel

nyól, a-nyól

(n) the edge of a bas[i]n, cup, etc.

fo-nyăl \ ▪fo-nyel

(n) gums <(lit) fog <nyal>

lí2, a-lí

(n) the tongue

▪lí kŭl-ča

(n) uvula <fleshy extension hangs above the throat>

na-hrop

(n) the nasal bone

na-hrep, na-hryep

(n) the nasal cartilage

ŭm2

(v) to receive into mouth without swallowing

nyalábnyi

armful

▪blen (rev ←)

(v) to be full, filled up


215


nyavalyás

(adj) damn(ed), bally, potty,

bloody, bum, sarkful, flaming,

ratty

nyavalyáskodó

(adj) (rossz bőrben levő)

peaking

nyavalyatörés

(n) epilepsy, grand mal

nă-vyăr (muṅ)

(n) an evil spirit of excitable passion, hence nă-vyăr a hasty, mad way

nă-vyăr jen-să ăyok

(n) a hasty, made mode of work

nyelv2

language

levegő

air <nyelvegő?>

beszél

to speak; (lit) in wind

szólandó

will say <future part. of szó

word>

lélegz|ik

to breath; lehel to breathe,

blow, puff <re: speech; levegő

nélkül nincs láng, és nyelv

szólandó lángolás sem!>

lelkendez

to rave (about smg) <be/speak

enthusiastically about smg>

lelkesen

beszél vmről to rhapsodize

about smg; (lit) to speak

ravingly about smg

lelkesít

to animate, inspire, fire smg

up

▪yel

(v) to know a language

▪jel

(v) to understand, know a language, speak a language

▪sóm

(v) to breathe

▪ʔáríng

(n) language <(ext) r↔l = ʔálíng ◦ szólandó ◦ language>

▪lík

(v) to call


216


lendít

to swing, fling, stimulate smg

leng

to swing, fly, flutter

lenget

to wave, flourish, sway <say?>

lengő

swinging, flowing flying

(colors) <last verbs ♬

language, mirror its

dynamism)

CzF: Csak alig teng

<tongue?>, leng. (Km.).

Gyökeleme a mozgást jelentő

le, melyből lett az elavult

egyszerü ige len, mint ken,

fen, csen, fon; a len gyökből

gyakorlatos képzővel, len-eg

len-g, mint a zen, csen, pen,

gyökökből: zeng, cseng, peng.

Finnül: lennän am. lengek.

▪línko

(n) speech, statement

▪línshet

(n) speech

▪li~lín

(v) to say, speak

**Magyar-Róng terms for breathing v. speech/language are somewhat

reversed (much like magyar-róng words for 1) water and moving

water, and 2) day and night.)**

nyer

to win

megnyer

to win, gain, attain, captivate,

carry, enlist

▪bu

(v) to carry

nyes

to clip, cut, hack, pare, slice,

prune

nyóp

(v) to cut a tree on the side opposite to that on which you wish it to

fall

nyikorog

creak, grate, grince, grind

▪nyuk

(v) to grind


217


nyíl1|ik /ˈɲiːlik/ ☐

to open

nyilván

of course

naná

sure (enough), of course, no

question

nyilvánít

to pronounce, emanate,

adjudge, declare, profess, rule,

state

nyilvános

public, civil, non-private

nyilvánul /ˈɲilvaːnul/

to manifest, demonstrate, say,

show <^nirvana^>

nyit /ˈɲit/ ☐

to open (used in continous

context)

nyílt

open, frank, explicit, plain,

above-board, broad, candid,

clear, cordial, direct, express,

flat, free, forthright,

ingenuous, honest, sincerely,

straight(forward), vast

nyíltan

openly, outright, aboveboard,

avowedly, baldly, bluntly,

candidly, plainly, fair,

squarely, straight,

unreservedly

▪nyák

(v) to exceed <smg that opens, exceeds its original boundary>

nyí-lă

(adv) surely, certainly

naṅ

(v) to be straight, correct, upright, just, impartial, honest, exact; (n)

straighforwardness, sincerity

naṅ-lă

(adv) straightly, correctly, justly

naṅ-lă ťo

(v) to place straight

nă

(v) level, even, straight; always, continually, regularly

nă-lă

(adv) even, etc.

nă-lă zuk


nyolc

8, eight

▪kaku

(num) eight


218


nyolcvan

80, eighty

nyolcvan-nyolc

88, eighty-eight <note: 88

(telecom) love and kisses (WIKT)

> loncoi, lonchoi nyolc eight;

loncojyn, loncyn nyolcszor

eight times; loncon nyolc eight

← 'Dlimild Ashar' Gyémánt

Világ eposz Diamond World

epic [SA-HU] (VAA) <loncoi,

loncon ♬ láncolni to link/chain;

the 8 symbol looks like it>

lonc

(n) honeysuckle, Lonicera woodbine

▪khá fali

(num) eighty <khá húsz twenty/score <húz> + fali négy four; (lit) four

score>

nyom

to press, push, imprint, lead,

sign, impress, oppress, trail,

track, stress, vestige; nym név

name [SA-HU] (VAA)

nyomát

its print, impression, footprint

nyomtat

to print, imprint, impress

nyomtatás

printing, impression, press,

print(-out); nyomtatvány

printed matter

nyom-tár(IM)

(lit) imprint storage <books

hold what's printed; e.g.

könyvtár library>

ősnyomtatvány

ancient chronicle/codex,

incunabulum (book printed

pre-1501)

*nyóm

(v) to be diminished, grown worse, defiled, polluted, profaned

nam mat

(v) to have the appearance of, resemble

*nam-ťar ◦ Naamthars (CKL)

(n) a legend, legendary lore, something that has escaped the

desctruction of time, records ◦ (n) religious books, which also cover

different aspects of culture, history and philosophy of the Lepcha

ethos


219


nyomkod

(v) to poss, hit, ram; ([EN]

poss = obscure word related to

possess; posse) > nam kud

megátkoz to curse [SU] (ePSD) <nyomkod, mint a Lidérc>

nyomor

(adj) misery, want, destitution,

distress, harship, penury,

poverty, squalor

nyomorgat

(v) oppress, keep down by force

nyomott

(adj) depressed

▪nók

(v) to push

nan

(v) press, press down smg, subdue, overcome, oppress

nyón

(adj) cruel, fierce, obdurate

nyóm nón

(n) reduced in circumstances; (v) to be separated, come apart,

divided, disjoined

nyóm-lă mat

(v) to defile, pollute, profane, desecrate

nyóm-lát

(n) defilement, pollution; profanation, sacrilege

*óṅ

(v) to be in the power of, under the influence of, fall under the

influence of, to be dumbfounded

nŭn

(v) to push, press against, squeeze through

nyoszolyólány

(n) bridesmaid, wedding

attendant

nyóm-àyeṅ

(n) the daughter-in-law's younger sister, brother or cousin <nyóm=

bride>

nyű

(n) larvae, maggot(s), worm

▶nyer

bŭ \ ▪bu

(n) a reptile, a worm; caterpillar, leech ◦ snake, worm

nyűg ☐

(n) headache, annoyance, bother,

irritation, nuisance, pest

nŭṅ-go muṅ

(n) the spirit of evil passions <muṅ = the spirit>


220


nyűgös

(adj) fussy, peevish, fretful,

grouchy, testy, tetchy

nyűgösködik

(v) to grizzle

nyűgölőd|ik

(v) said of a person who

constantly hinders another, is

needy, clingy, overstays their

welcome, etc.

nŭṅ-yăṅ, nŭm-yăṅ

(pn) Hades, the place of departed spirits <nŭṅ = wide-spreading; yăṅ

= to wrap around; the brains, marrow>

nyugalom

peace, repose

nyughely

resting place

nyugsza

rests <when the sun rests>

nyuktán

(obs) at the end of the day

Nyuktán dicsërd a napot.

(say) Give praise at day's end.

(ext) Don't count your

chickens before they're

hatched. (CsBa)

nyugodt

calm, quiescent, composed,

still, serene, level, tranquil,

good-tempered

▶nyúl

*nyal

(v) to repose

nyal-hri

(n) bed

▪nápzâ

(n) dusk

▪nápmún

(n) evening

nyól kŭṅ

(v) to lay <out>, applied to a dead body, a corpse

nyugta

receipt, acknowledgement,

release, voucher <written

advisement>

▪nyúgú

(n) pen


221


nyúl1|ik /ˈɲuːl/

stretch, lengthen, elongate

nyújt /ˈɲuːjt/ to provide, give,

stretch, accord, administer,

afford, allow, confer, donate,

grant, impart, pass, spare,

yield, alight, dilate, draw,

elongate, emerge, exit, hand,

extend, go out, hold out, lend,

offer, spend, lengthen,

minister, present, quit, rack,

reach (out), render, switch on,

turn on

▶nyíl, gyújt

*nyól

(v) to lay down <stretch one's body out>

nyól kŭṅ

(v) to lay down, applied to a dead body, a corpse

nă

(v) to be level, even, straight; always, continually, regularly

nă-lă

(adv) even, etc.

nă-lă zuk


năk

(v) to grasp for, attempt to subjugate, rough-cast, fashion into shape

nŭṅ

(adj) wide-spreading

nyüst,

nyüstfonál warp (def)

lengthwise threads in a woven

fabric <the foundation; colored

thread woven above/below

warp> crossed by the woof or

weft >>Éden>>

de2

(v) to create

den3



a-den, kí den, dŭm den

(n) the warp (upright threads)

nyúz

to skin, flay, pester, sweat

lenyúz

to skin, exoriate, flay, flench,

strip

▪nól

(n) skin


222


O-Ó

-ó, -ő

(suf) –er <creates an entity

from a verb (doing the action);

(ex: vív to fence, fight; vivő

fencer, bearer>

ő

(pro) him, her <that living entity>

● ön (honorific) you

hős

(n) hero

chü

(n) hű; Chun, Canis Major,

férfi, hun, harcos [HU] (PeIm)

hölgy

(n) lady, madam, Mrs., dame

hó

(n) snow; heat, thermal energy;

month; moon < Róng teremtési

mese: az első férfi és nő

Kancsendzöngi hóbol vol

alakítva Lepcha creation story:

first man and woman created

out of the snow of

Kanchendjunga>

bo

hó

(n) te you

ó

old(en), ancient, antique

ódon

antique, archaic, old

▶Éden

ṅo

(v) to be old Main. 96

a-ṅo

(adj) old (as wood); unfinished (as work); what is left over (as food)


223


ócsárol to abuse, belittle, carp,

disparage

riṅ săr

(v) to abuse, to give vile (rotten) language <riṅ = language; săr = to be

rotten>

ócska

hand-me-down, mangy, measly,

scrubby, scummy, shabby, vile,

junk(y); (colloquial) old,

worthless, trashy

o-č'u

(adv) there, down there

a-č'u

(adv) in this direction, down there

ocsúdik

to come to, to awake, to regain

consciousness

čut, čut hróṅ

(v) to sprout up, to rise up

čut o

(v) <either is sprouting/rising, or has sprouted/risen; verbal particle o

affixed following word generally = present or past tense Main Gram

51)>

ok

root, cause, reason, ground,

parent

okoz

to beget, give (rise to), cause,

breed, bring about, engender,

effect, make

kón

(v) to cause to … (used by affixing kón to root verb)

okmány čoko

(n) paper


224


okozat

consequence (that which

follows, is produced by a

cause)

lon šuka

(n) the consequences, what may be or follow

oldal

(n) side, edge; oldalon on (the)

side

▶azon, él, olló, nyel

o-lon, o-lón

(adv) that side or direction

o-bon \ ▪ʔobon

(adv) on that side

nyól, a-nyól

(n) the edge of a bas[i]n, cup, etc.

olló

(n) scissor(s)

ollózik

(v) to scissor, cut; move smg like

a pair of scissors, excise or

expunge smg

ó-lóm (IM) ancient way <lóm =

út, irány road, way>

▶gyalog, oly, oldal

Olo La

(pn) Olo Pass, on the far NW border of Sikkim and China. Nearby:

P'ao-han-li Shan (mountain), Dongkya La (pass), Sese La (pass), and

Kerāng (populated place)

oly

(adj) that/this kind of …, so

olykor

(adv) at times, now and then,

every once-in-a-while,

occassionally, sometimes

oly három (IM)

(adv) so three <days ago>...

oly négy (IM)

(adv) so four <days ago>...

▪ʔyo

(adv) before, formerly, some time ago

▪ʔyochám

(adv) three days ago

▪ʔyochót

(adv) four days ago


225


olykor-olykor

(adv) only really occasionally

▶elő-, egykor, gyalog, ólom

▪ʔyotshóng~ʔitshóng

(adv) day before yesterday, two days ago

ón /ˈoːn/

(n) tin, pewter, Sn, tinplate ●

anna (wr. an-na) ón vagy ólom

tin or lead [SU] (ePSD)

ólom

(n) lead (chem.element, metal),

Saturn, plummet <(ent-Wizard of

Oz) Tin Man didn't have heart>

ó-lóm (IM) ancient way <lóm =

út, irány road, way>

▶olló

lóṅ

(v) to lead <interesting: the verb (sort of) = the metal ↓>

a-lóṅ (IM)

(n) a leader, lead-like(IM) <using Lepcha grammar: prefix a- added to

verbs form substantives (nouns) and adjectives>

o-lon, o-lón

(adv) that side or direction

o-lom

(adv) in that manner

ondó ☐

(n) sperm

ondolálás

(v) to wave <víz water, haj hair>

▶önt, anya, ángy, víz

uṅ

(n) water; <and sperm, seminal fluid>

-ong, öng –ing

(suf) (def) frequentative suffix

added to verb (or rarely a

noun) to form verb = repetitive

action (ex: düh fury, rage →

dühöng to be in a raging temper)

-g gyakorlati képző, mint a

dong, leng, teng igékben

...folytonosságát jelenti (CzF)

nóṅ



226


▶ing1, irány, reng, leng, -csál

onnan /ˈonːɒn/

(adv) from there, thence, from

here on

o-ba-nŭn

(adv) from thence, then, after that

önvaló

(n) soul, spirit or essence of a

person believed to live on after

death; (lit) self truth

Apil (Aachuley)

(n) minden embernek belsejében élő lélek (amely Sum-nak

nevezett al- lelkekböl áll) teljes neve : férfinak nyolc Sumja van,

nőknek kilenc overall name of the soul inside of every human (made up of

sub-souls, or Sum: men have eight, women nine)

oroszlán

(n) lion; lioness <Glosbe online

dictionary entry: lioness = ж, 8th

letter of alphabet [RU] : 'zhe' [ejt

zse]>

*sŭṅ-gi3

(n) a lion, ťam-cán-să pă-no, the king of beasts

rŭm sŭṅ-gi

(n) heaven-born lion

orr

(n) nose; (syn) szaglószerv,

ékorr; (rel) csőr, toldat,

toldalék

orram

(n) my nose

▶irány

▪a-ram

(n) orrnyereg bridge of nose

orsóféreg nyű

(n) thread worms, intestinal

worms, roundworm, nematodes

up-suṅ bŭ

(n) species of intestinal worm


227


ország

(n) country, kingdom, land, area,

zone

sŭk-dŭm

(n) the world, universe

ostrom /ˈoʃtrom/

(n) assault, onslaught, seige

ostromba ☐

(adj) in siege

faszárítás

(n) timber seasoning, wood

conditioning, wood drying

mészáros /ˈmeːsaːroʃ/

(n) butcher, slaughterer

mész ☐

(n) lime, quicklime, limestone,

chalk, whitewash

▶öl, szét, szár, szor, szúr, szert

sót-šo-yam-o

(v) are killed

sót1

(v) to kill ölt, slay mészárol; Legends of Padmasambhava: to put out

as fire olt, put a stop to állt, strike out as word from writing, strike off

as name from list, to season (as wood faszárítás) to dry szárít (as

earth for building)

a-sót

(n) killing, slaying

kuṅ sót

(v) to season wood

sót-bo

(n) a killer, slayer

oszlop /ˈoslop/

(n) pillar, column, stanchion,

post, pole, file, leg, mainstay, pile,

prop, stack, standard, support

árnyékvető oszlop

(n) gnomon

▪káwodámpú

(n) wooden pillar


228


óta

(adv) since (temporal), from

(time)

o-ťa

(adv) then, at that time

ott

(adv) there, over there, yonder ●

otu 1) mutató névmás: ott; 2)

postpositio: valahol ott [SA-

HU] (VAA)

ottan

(adv) there

ottan-ottan

(adv) nearby, here-there; (syn)

helylyel-közzel, itt-ott, néha-

néha (CzF)

oda /ˈodɒ/

(adv) there, thither, yon(der)

odább (reg-Szék), odébb

(adv) over there (more in that

direction)

o

(pro) there

▪o-ťu \ ▪ʔothú

(adv) above, up above, there ◦ that up over there

o-ťaṅ \ ▪ʔotháng

(adv) there above (a short way) ◦ that up there

o-ťu o-ťaṅ (IM)

(adv) there, there above (a short way)

o-ba \ ▪ʔobá

(adv) there

o-bi

(adv) there (more definite than o-ba), in that place

óv

(v) to protect, screen, shield

ló-óv (IM)

(n) screen, protection, shield

<love szeretet>

ló

(n) ernyő vagy függöny screen or curtain

Ö-Ő

önt ☐

pour (fluid), spill, stream,

flush

uṅ

(n) water; <and sperm, seminal fluid>


229


beönt

infuse, pour in/out

leönt

to pour off

>>ondó, oml

pot




infuse

lŭṅ

(v) to spill, pour as water or rice

önző

assertive, hoggish, selfish,

egoist, egocentric, self-

centered, stingy

an-zo

(n) oppression

vóṅ-lă zóṅ

(adj) lying, knavish

ördög ☐

(n) devil > ud vihar; vihari

ördög storm; storm demon;

udug (wr. dudug; u2-dug4;

udug) ördög (sivatagi, hegyi,

tengeri, síremléki) a demon

(of desert, mountain, sea, tomb)

[SU] (ePSD)

ördögszekér

(n) tumbleweed; (lit) devil's

chariot

dög ☐

(n) cadaver, carrion, corpse,

carcase, dead body, offal; beast,

wildcat

*u-dŭ, wu-dŭ

(n) hunger, starvation; the demon of poverty, wretchedness

<voodoo?>


230


öreg /ˈørɛɡ/

(n) old, venerable, aged, ancient,

father, old/elderly man, decayed,

decrepit, former, dilapidated,

gaffer, lapsed, long in the tooth,

old hat, ramshackle, rickety,

seedy, veteran, void; (reg) dense

food

>>rég>>

a-rŭm

(adj) far, distant

öröm /ˈørøm/

joy, pleasure, delight, peak,

appeal, gladness, gratification,

jubilation, happiness, mirth,

fun, rejoicing

>> uram, orom, vidám >>

a-ryum

(n) a good reflection or thought, happiness

rŭm /rɯm/

(pn) God; (n) a good spirit in opp. to muṅ

o rŭm /orɯm/ (IM)

(excl) There! Take God! <adding o before word = 'Head's up!';

"exclamation as in throwing anything">

ős

(n) ancient, old

ősapa

(n) great-grandfather

ősünk

(n) our forefathers • ősünket

(arc-HB) isemucut [ejt:

isemüküt]

őslakó, őslakos

(n) aborigene, autochthon,

indigenous person, native; (lit)

ancient liver/dweller (one who

lives)

ă-zo

(n) ősapa great-grandfather


231


öt

(num) 5, five

ötös

(num) five(r); (reg-Szamosháti)

slap • (say) Addok egy ötöst!

(I'll) give you slap! (CsBa)

üsd!

(imp) hit (it)! • üt to hit, strike •

üst ☐ cauldron • üstök ☐ tail of

a comet • üstökös blazing star,

comet

▶üt, üst, utál

▪fangú

(num) öt five, 5

▪fán

(v) fénylik to burn <fan the flames>

ʔót

(v) gyűjt, mint gyümölcsöt to pluck, as fruits

özön

(n) flood, cascade, flush, flux,

rain, stream, torrent

ŭṅ zum

(n) water above where it has been led off, also a spot where it comes

again

P

palánt

(n) (arc) plant; (reg-Erd)

cabbage; (say) A nagy palánt

kész káposzta, a nagy leány

kész gazdaszszony. (Kriza J.) (CsF)

palánta /ˈpɒlaːntɒ/

(n) seedling(s), plant(lets), set,

shoot, sprout

palántál

(v) (arc) to plant seedlings (CzF)

palántázó

(n) dibble, dibber; (def) a tool

with a handle on one end and

plyâ

(v) termelni, előre hozni to produce, bring forward

pă-ťum

(n) dibble


232


a point on the other, used in

the garden to poke holes in

preparation for planting seeds,

bulbs, etc.; (syn) ültetőfa

palántázás

(n) dibbling, planting, direct

sowing; (syn) sorba vetés

palántázó pont(IM)

(n) dibble hole

▶bot

zo pă-ťum

(n) <use a dibble> e.c. to plant grain

pă-ťum-nŭn măl

(v) to dibble

pă-ťum boṅ

(n) the hole made by dibble

palást

(n) lateral surface, side; cloak,

robe, cape, mantle ((geo) layer of

earch; (ana) cerebral cortex),

nappe

▶palota

pă-lek

(n) a parcel of ground

palota

(n) palace, hall, castle, mansion

ispán

(n) St. István-era secular

administrator ● pallér foreman <pole position, pálca>

palást, köpeny

(n) cloak, robe, cape ● pányva ☐

lasso, tether, lariat, headrope <pán-va king's subjects under his

yoke?> ● pánt band, bar, strap

<another yoke>

panasz

(n) (com)plaint, grievance,

lament, accusal, accusation,

allegation, blame, charge,

pă-no

(n) a king

pă-no(-să) tem-bo

(n) the government

pă-no kyoṅ

(n) a king's city, a capital

pă-no(-să) nam-zó

(n) the apparel of king

pă-no šŭ

(v) to address king <bringing grievances panasz to him?>


233


denunciation, indictment,

discontent, displeasure

parancs

(n) command, order, directive

parancsol

(n) to command, order

▶ pompa, isten, bot

pă-no ć’ók

(n) the hand of king

pamut cotton; (syn) gyapot

<both white>

kŭm-fót

(n) the cotton plant Gossypium

pang

to stagnate >>apad >>

pangás

depression, slump, doldrums,

dullness, slack(ness),

stagnancy, stagnation

pangó

slack, stagnant

pangolin anteaters, sloths,

flying lemurs, mammals,

artiodactyla, pholidota

plăn

(v) to fall over as precipice, etc.

paradicsom

heaven, (Garden of) Eden,

elysium; tomato <piros, elö

veres ember>

parázs

ember <piros>, ash <fehér>

para

steam, vapor, water vapor

<rises; water=necessary for

life; unique properties that

pŭn-dim ču, pan-dim-ču

(n) 'a king's minister;' northern part of mountain considered an

attendant on the god Kan-čen dzó-nga

pă-no kyoṅ

(n) a king's city, a capital

bí-ro

(n) the tomato-plant, Solanum lycopersicum <piros red; bíró judge;

bíró-dicsér judge worship? related to God?>

pă-no tóm-nón


234


only it has (many states)>

<fehér>

pára

steam, haze, fog, humidity,

vapor

pázsit lawn(s), grass,

green(sward), sward, turf

<zöld>

pa papa

(piros: vér, ter(e)me(tő),

kezdet, erő)

radics radix/root, ősszetartó

gyökér

(fehér: szenti egy(enlőség),

tisztí(tó))

om mama

(zöld: növ(ény)és, nevelés,

táplál, jövő)

⚑ Pazdics, Panyidaróc,

Paraznó, Paróca, Parajd, Páró,

Paucsinesd, Pered, Peredmér,

Perecszényszabadi, Perecseny,

Pontoskő, Prodánafalva,

Podcsumály, Pázsit, Pázsitos

>>Rutichum

(v) honorific: the king is born

pŭr-dŭ

(n) ashes

pum

(v) to proceed from, emanate, issue from, be the origin; (n) paradise,

the dwelling-place of the gods

pum-zŭ

(n) the heaven, the seat of glory

pumju (AAC)

(n) the source

pŭn-dan, pŭn-san

(n) "ornamental," dignity, majesty

pă-no čam

(n) hon. wife of king

ṕŭ

(v) to offer

ṕŭ-bo ◦ phu-bo (RKS1)

(n) a peg, pin, nail; <also: (pn) Jupiter(RKS1)>

ṕŭr-bu

(n) a post, stake

ṕŭ-bu tsăk

(v) to fix stake

paraszt

peasant, farmer, yokel, boor,

churl, (country)man, hayseed,

hick, ploughman, rustic,

(chess) pawn

bárdolatlan

barbarous, bumpkin, churlish,

crass, ignorant, illiterate,

simple, surly, uncouth,

uncultured, uneducated

pă-ná

(adj) ignorant


235


párkány ? <gerinc> kŭṅ

(n) ridge (of house, mountain, nose, etc.)

parlag /ˈpɒrlɒɡ/

fallow (uncultivated land),

waste(land)

paróka /ˈpɒroːkɒ/

wig, peruke, periwig, coat,

hair(-piece) <covers bare

head>

borotva /ˈborotvɒ/

(cut-throat/straight) razor,

blade, lamina, sheet, slat

<creates bare head>

>kopár, ritka

(hrók1), pă-hrók-lă, pă-brót-lă


pata

(n) hoof, hooves, heel, horn

patkol

(v) to (apply) (horse)shoe

patkolókovács

(n) blacksmith

⚑ Pata Somogy, Veszprém,

Bihar m. puszták; erd. falu

Kolos m. GYÖNGYÖS~, falu

Heves m. [MA] (CzF)

▶táp, tarka, tartó, tátos

▪(a) tʻut

(n) hoof

ťok

(v) to hammer, malleate, thump

pŭn-jen ťok-bo

(n) a blacksmith; (v) to stab

ta

(n) a horse

taka

(n) a horseshoe

patak

(n) stream, brook(let), creek,

rivulet, streamlet, streams,

watercourse, bourn, branch, burn,

ŭṅ pă-tek

(n) a 'water-holder' applied to the Asaphus genus (amphibious

crustaceans) <extinct arthropod of the class Trilobita, whose body

had three large lobes; trilobites known from the Lower (upper


236


river(s), runnel, source, torrent,

tributaries, well

Arenig) and Middle Ordovician of NW Europe (Sweden, Estonia,

Saint Petersburg Area)>

patkány, patkányok

(n) rat(s), rodent

uk-taṅ kók

(n) a spec. of wild cat? M acc. Graham Sandberg [TT] wák-doṅ ḱa

(og-sdoṅ ḱa) Tibetan racoon (sic) or ret (sic)cat-bear <i.e., red panda

(aka) lesser panda, red bear-cat>, Ailurus ochraeceus <(now) Ailurus

fulgens: a mammal native to the E Himalayas and SW China;

presently endangered; along with the weasel, raccoon and skunk

families is part of the superfamily Musteloidea; not related to cats,

bears, or pandas>

pattan

to crack, snap, spring

pattint

snap, cracks ● pattog to

crack(le), pop, rattle, snap,

sparkle

pattogó

snappy, bouncy ● pattogás

bang, crackle

pattogzik

to crack, peel, flake

pă-ťyaṅ

(n) the exploding of bamboo as when burning jungle

pă-ťyaṅ bu

(v) to burse with noise

pă-ťyaṅ grik

(n) the noise of exploding bamboo

pazarlás

waste, wastefulness,

squandering, extravagance

pazarul él

luxuriate

pa-tă, pa-tá

(adj) vain, useless, ineffective; (n) vanities, a thing without any use or

value

pa-tá bum nyi

(v) to live uselessly, have no employment or anything


237


pecsét

seal (pattern, design), sigil,

cachet, signature, signet, spot,

stain, stamp

*pe

(n) pattern, model; copy

*pe šet

(n) a fable, parable, illustration; (v) to tell a parable

pă-no ć’ók

(n) the hand of king <the one that seals letter>

penge /ˈpɛŋɡɛ/

blade, edge, steel, web; (sla)

excellent, very good

pengesor

scythe

sŭr-du hur

(n) (Yakt'oomba-w. <Limbo tribe>) a sickle

sŭr-vi hur ban

(n) a sickle <ban = knife>

pengő

silver coin; Hungarian

currency from 1927-1946

pe-kraṅ, pe-króṅ

(n) a Tibetan coin

pihen

rest, relax, repose, nap, respire

pŭn-jă


dependance

pillangó "lepke lépcsők"

▶pólya

bevonás

cocooning; pille moth, skin

báb, gubó

cocoon, chrysalis; (def) the

pupa of a butterfly or moth,

enclosed inside a cocoon, in

which metamorphosis takes

pajor larvae, caterpillars,

grubs, maggots

plóṅ, plón-nóṅ

(v) to cross, pass through; (adj) straight from top to bottom, straight

throughout pontosan végig

ha klyóp

(n) a species of butterfly, Buprestis bicolor <actually a beetle, the

largest in its class; its larval state is 5 years long, after which it

becomes a fire-fly szentjánosbogár>


238


kísértet /ˈkiʃeːrtɛt/

ghost, apparition, eidolon,

phantom, poltergeist,

bogey(man), double, fetch,

larva, shadow, wraith

tapasz /ˈtɒpɒs/

bandage <like cocoon>

tapasztal /ˈtɒpɒstɒl/

to experience (observe or

undergo), go/pass through,

become aware of, come to

know, discover, feel, find,

learn(t), meet with, notice,

observe, perceive;

megtapasztal undergo

tapint /ˈtɒpint/

to feel, touch, sense, finger,

probe <^tapping^>; tekint to

think, look

pillant

to glance, peer

pillanat /ˈpilːɒnɒt/

moment, instant, flash, second,

eyeblink, minute, tick, time

pilis

tonsure (shaving

monk's/priest's head in

preparation for entering

religious order)

átalakulás, váltás

alteration, conversion,

metamoporphosis,

transfiguration, turning

pióca leech ▪fot

(n) leech ...Lepcha has an interesting doublet: fot < *wat ⪤ rot <

*r-wat


239


pír

to blush, flush <redden>

piros

red

korallpiros

coral red

▶paradicsom/parázs, vér,

kaláris

hyir

(v) to become red, be red pír

a-hyir

(adj) red piros

ṕyi-rŭ

(n) coral

ṕyi-rŭ lyak

(n) coral necklace

pohár

cup <^pour^>

>

bahar (wr. bahar2; bahar3;

bahar; bahar4; LAK742;

LAK747) potter; BAHAR2 a

pot [SU] (ePSD)

ṕor

(n) a cup

ŭṅ pă-dam \ ▪pathtyút

(n) bamboo cup, vessel for holding cí <fermented alcoholic drink>

▪pahíp

(n) bamboo tube, straw

▪Palák kúng

(n) palák tree kutyatej, farkasboroszlán, Ostodes paniculata; (myth)

in The Legendary Mânsalóng, the dry wood the 'leg that appeared at

the campire' was said to be made of

pokol

(n) hell

elsorvad

(v) to atrophy, waste (away),

wilt, wither


(n) (reg-Erd) garden gate

kertkapú; 'vesszőből font

kerítés' (SaAt)

▶kapú, sorvad, ápor

pól

(v) to slip down (as earth), to flow over (as water)

a-sóm pól

(v) to die meghal

pól, pól sŭṅ

(n) a supposed invisible fence made round by mŭn to protect from

evil spirits, a magic circle <pörög?>

pól sŭṅ gor, pól sŭṅ răṅ

(v) to guard houses by pól


240


pólya

(n) bend, (swaddling) band(age),

swaddling clothes, strip, swathe;

to swaddle ● pólyakötö

swathing-bands ● pólyás baby

pólyás

(n) (coat-of-arms) fessey ●

keskeny pólya (coat-of-arms)

barrulet

pólyáz

(n) snake ● pólyatekercs

roller, roller-bandage ● rugalmas

pólya ace/elastic bandage ●

pólyás kötés twist-joint

▶gólya, göngyöl, pongyola,

poggyász, pillangó

lyăk1

(n) an apron that covers the back of women, also a cloth used to

absorb the issue of menses

a-kŭp lyăk

(n) a cradle, baby's clothes

pompa

(n) grandeur, magnificence,

splendour <the Grand Poobah> ●

phej head, leader [SA-HU] (VAA)

pompás /ˈpompaːʃ/

(n) splendid, exquisite, brilliant,

delicate, delightful, divine, fine,

gallant, glorious, gorgeous,

grand, grandiose, heavenly,

lavish, lovely, magnificent,

majestic, pompous, proud, rare,

rich, royal, scrumptious,

stunning, sumptuous, superb,

top-notch

pomada

(n) (obs) funeral of the just

anniversary (MNT) ● pomáta

(arc, reg-Erd) pomade, ointment;

(syn) hajkenőcs ● pomádé,

pomatum <ointment dabbed on

forehead as blessing>

pum

(v) to proceed from, emanate, issue from, be the origin; (n) paradise,

the dwelling-place of the gods

pum, a-pum


pum-bo

(n) the chief, the principal, God

pă-no

(n) a king

▪ríp (rev ←)



241


kenőcs ☐

(n) ointment, paste, salve,

unguent, poultice, uncion <Káin

öcs Cane’s younger brother?>

pongyola

(n) dressing gown, housecoat,

housedress, negligee, peignoir,

wrap(per), undress, sloppy

▶göngyöl, háló

pă-hok, pă-hok dŭm

(n) a kind of loose dress, shirt <hok = net hálo>

pont dot, spot, speckle, pip,

score

doṅ

(v) to be black and white, variegated

pót- ☐ /ˈpoːt/

supplementary, accessory,

extra, auxiliary, collateral,

ersatz, spare, ministerial,

additional, assistant; root is

related to words signifying an

outgrowth of some body (such

as fruit): pota, bóda, bod,

bogy, bogyó, buga, bodak

(vakarcs). (CzF)

kompót /ˈkompoːt/

(n) compote, stewed fruit, jam,

jelly, preserve, marmalade, sauce

pota

tree outgrowths, berry(ies)

(CzF)

potroh

(zoo) abdomen (of an

arthropod)

pocak

stomach, paunch

pót

(v) to fructify, bear fruit, vegetate, give advantage, multiply

pót, a-pót

(n) 1) the fruit of trees; 2) a ball

kuṅ pót

(n) the fruit of tree

▪tăbak~tăbok~tăfuk

(n) belly-stomach


242


púp /ˈpuːp/ hump, hunch,

humpback, humchback,

bump, hunk, lump

▪pŭp

(n) abdomen, belly

pótol to make up (for),

substitute, supply, replace,

compensate, supersede

*po

(v) to move, remove, flit, go to another place, alter, change, exchange,

renew

po kyor

(v) to alter

lŭt

(v) to aid or take the part of another

lŭt-ťo

(v) to redeem

puma

lion, panther, cougar <God as

lion?>

pum

(v) to proceed from, emanate, issue from, be the origin

pum, a-pum


pumpa

pump (device for moving

liquid or gas)

pumpálódik

(it) pumps

pum-bo

(n) the chief, the principal, God

pum pă-li dak

(v) to turn head over heels

puszta

pusztul, elpusztul rot away

pŭn-lep, pŭn-lyă, pŭn-lyop

(adj) flat; an oblong kind of bell <a puszta is flat>


243


R

rá on, onto

> rah

(wr. rah2; ra-ah) to beat, kill; to

break, crush; to flood; to

thresh (grain with a flail) [SU]

(ePSD)

▪rá

(v) to hunt

radina

(n) (reg-Erd: Csángo) food-

bearing newborn baby visit; (syn)

újszülöttnéző látogatás,

potczita, putczita (SaAt)

radinázik

(n) (reg-Erd) at-home hosting of

newborn baby visitors with

accompanying festivities: song,

dance, gifts, food and spirits;

(syn) újszülöttnéző

vendégséget tart

félkézradina

(n) post-birth banquet; (lit)

single-handed radina;

ételajándék a szülést követő

napokban (SaAt)

"Radinába jártak tegnap a

csíkszeredai bölcsészhallgatók.

... Nem maradt el az ilyenkor

szokásos radinás kosár, volt

kürtőskalács és pálinka, no

meg a gyereknek ajándék. És

nem maradtak el a szokásos

jókívánságok sem." Sapientia-

radina. Hargita Népe, 2002.

május 31. (SaAt)

▶látogató, hang, rúd, ered,

regelő, jár, rajt, reggel

*rán1

(n) (cfr. also ră-nye) feast, banquet, entertainment <hangulat>

rán byi

(v) to entertain

rán lik

(v) to invite to feast

ră-nye

(n) the governor of the feast; provider

*rán2

(n) mark ~ put over letters giving them a prolonged, gutteral sound

M. Gr. 5: a sort of circumflex sign, pronounced hard as if written

dran; <hang>


244


ragyog /ˈrɒɟoɡ/

(v) to shine, blaze, bright, glitter,

glow

ragyogó /ˈrɒɟoɡoː/

(adj) brilliant, bright, sunny,

glittering, starry, splendid,

lustrous, royal, resplendant,

lurid, agleam, appealing, beamy,

blazing, dashing, dazzling,

glaring, (ef)fulgent, glistening,

glorious, glowing, gorgeous,

incandescent, lambent, noble,

luminous, orient, radiant,

shining, sparkling

drongó(félék)

(n) (fam) Dicruridae; (~syn)

gödény

(n) pelican

pacsirta

(n) skylark

▶palota, gólya

gyór (←rev)

(v) to glow as fire, to glaze, glitter, to be shining, brilliant

gyór-bo (←rev)

(adj) brilliant, bright, glittering

pă-no fo, nŭm-bóṅ fo

(n) acc. to Main. the king of birds, Edolius paradiseus <Large Racket

Tailed Drongo>, applied also by Lep's to any large and peculiar

species of bird; acc. Je. 434 "nambong punnong" i.e. 'royal bird'

Bhringa remifer

raku ku, ră-ku

(n) store, a provision, a stock of grains

rándul(ás) jerk hryám

(v) to jerk

rang

rank, grade, dignity, estate,

place <(mountain) range?>

> regnum (arc) birodalom;

királyság; ország [MA] (KiGa)

hróṅ, hrón

(v) to come up, to rise up

hróng

(v) come up, arrive from a lower place or region(HePl)


245


ro

(n) very steep ground, precipitious ground

rég /ˈreːɡ/

long ago

régen

long ago, aforetime, at one

time, in formerly, in times

past, long (since), way back

megrögzött religious,

confirmed, habitual,

ingrained, inveterate

rög ☐ /ˈrøɡ/

lump, nugget, ball of earth,

button, clod, clot, sod; rögös

/ˈrøɡøʃ/ cloddish (earth),

uneven soil, bumpy (road),

rugged; (fig) thorny, rough

(life)

rombusz

rhombus, (def) quadrilateral

whose four sides all have the

same length; every rhombus is

a parallelogram and a kite. A

rhombus with right angles is a

square

merev /ˈmɛrɛv/

rigid, strict, angular, austere,

cast-iron, ceremonious, hard

and fast, inflexible, muscle-

bound, starchy, stark, steady,

stern, stiff, stubborn, tense,

unbending, unwinking,

unyielding, wooden

régi /ˈreːɡi/

old, ancient, antique, back,

bygone, hand-me-down,

hoar(y), long-ago, of long

standing, old-established, old-

rŭ, rŭ-m

(v) 1) to be far, distant as time or place; 2) to be wasting, chronic

rŭm-bo

(adj) the far one

ma-rŭm

(adv) far

ma-rŭm ma-rŭm

(adv) far, far away


246


time, olden, past, pristine,

stale, time-worn

öreg /ˈørɛɡ/

old, aged, ancient, former

▶öreg, rögtön, burgonya

a-rŭm

(adj) far, distant

reg /ˈrɛɡ/

(obs) morning

reggel /ˈrɛɡːɛl/

morning, morrow, morn, in

the morning

rian

to speak/sing loudly; belt out

(CzF)

riadó /ˈrijɒdoː/

alarm, alert, worry; riaszt to

(raise/sound the) alarm, alert,

warn

rikító

garish, gaudy, noisy; rikítani

noisily

rikolt

to cry, bawl, scream, screach,

shriek, squawk, yammer;

rikoltani to cry

rikkancs

newsboy, paperboy <delivers

papers in the early morning>

kukorékol

to crow (make the sound of a

rooster <riasztó>)

⚑ Regőce Riđica; Regöly,

Tolna county;

hro

(v) to come up


(v) to come up, to rise up ▪ (v) come up, arrive from a lower place or

region <as sun comes up in the morning?>

ryaṅ2

(v) to crow as cock <the 'caroler' associated with mornings?>

ryaṅ-bo

(adj) crowing

a-ryaṅ tí mo

(v) to cry <out> greatly

a-ryaṅ tí mo mat-lŭṅ lík

(v) cry with a loud voice <mat-lŭṅ lík=on account of to call>

hik-bŭ ryan ryu

(n) the cock's crow is a fortunate auspice


247


rejt /ˈrɛjt/

hide, conceal, hidden

rejtve

furtively, hidden; rejtvény

puzzle, riddle, conundrum,

quiz, enigma, rebus

rejtjel

cipher

rejtély /ˈrɛjteːj/

mystery, riddle, arcana,

arcanum, conundrum, enigma,

mystique, puzzle, secret ●

rejtelem /ˈrɛjtɛlɛm/ mystery,

secret

régmúlt

long past, bygone; (grm) past

perfect, pluperfect tense; régen

long ago

rege /ˈrɛɡɛ/

myth(ology), legend, tale, saga

ráüt

to hit, strike; (lit) hit upon it

leshely

ambush, ambuscade, hide,

lurk

> regin elmondani, kijelenteni

[SA-HU]

▪má

(v) to hide, conceal from sight

◦aaring do vaal

(n) riddle: question/statement framed to exercise one's ingenuity in

answering, discovering its meaning; a puzzling question, problem,

matter, conundrum

▪renjóng

(pn) Sikkim <(aka) 'the hidden kingdom' or 'the hidden fruitful

valley' or 'India's hidden paradise' or 'the Hidden Himalayan Gem';

original name: Lho-mon Demo-shong The Hidden Land (AcDo)>

▪renjóngmú

(pn) Sikkimese

lúngten sung (ClSc)

(n) mythology <sung = mese story>

remek ☒

(adj) splendid, excellent, prime,

delicate, delicious, exquisite, fine,

ideal, glorious, good, gorgeous,

grand, great, masterful, superb,

top-notch, wizard; (mng) kézi

mesterség; (rel) gyermek,

vétek, étek, lélek, zömök; ✘

Remek (1138) (CzF)

rŭm /rɯm/ \\ ◦rum \\ Răm, Räăm(LAW2)

(pn) God; (n) a good spirit in opp. to muṅ ◦ the one Supreme being,

creator and ruler of the universe, a deity, esp. male, presiding over

some portion of worldly affairs, any deified person, object (LEED)

*ri

(v) to hope; to be dependent on, to trust: to look out for an

expectation of


248


remény ☐

(n) hope, expectation, promise

reménykedő

(adj) trusting, hopeful, bouyant

rŭm-ény (IM)

<Jóságos Isten Good God +

névképző name-forming suffix>

uram, kincsem

(phr) My God, my treasure

uram /ˈurɒm/

(n) my lord; úr lord, gentleman,

mister, sir, sir, Mr., baboo,

esquire, sahib, Sir

űr-

(adj) cosmic, space, universal

⚑ Rimaszombat

(lit: Rima Saturday) (cur)

Rimavská Sobota, Slov.,

Besztercebányai ker. ÉS

Rimatamásfalva (w/ Méhes

városrész; Szabatkai, Apáti,

Dusai, Kuritzi puszták); Rima

folyó Rima river; Rum

mellékváros, Vas megye;

Rumpid falu, Vas megye;

Remec Puszta Bihar megyében (CzF, WIKI)

ri, ri-m

(v) to dwell with, dwell together, abide with

rŭm-ka ri-bo

(n) a dweller in God, a man of God

▪rumlyáng

(n) heaven <Uram-landa föld [HU]?>

◦rum king tsoom

(n) God of fate and fortune, of destiny, a God who divines decree or a

fixed sentence by which the order of things is prescribed

*u, u-m

(n) honorific, same as a-ťyak <atya, a tök> the head

Itbu Rum (LaTo)

(pn) Creator God who made Lepcha out of pure snow <perhaps: id

saint + bu perfect-[SU] + rum ideal [SU]?>

▪rumfát

(n) worship <rumfát worship on szombat Saturday?>

reng

shake, tremble, quiver;

(earth)quake; mountain

remeg

quaver/quiver, tremor,

tremble, palpitate, shake,

shiver, judder, shudder

rel2

(v) to shake as cornfield when blown by wind

rel1

(v) to proceed continuously


249


ring

to sway, wiggle, rock, roll

ringás

roll, sway

ringat

dandle, lull, cradle, rock, sway

ring[at]ó kigyós

kanyarok(IM)

ringy-rongy

to clobber

rel-nóṅ

(v) to go onward without stopping <nóṅ = -ong>

ríṅ kăṅ-kí kăṅ-kyók

(n) circumlocation (sic)

rengeteg a lot, a great deal,

scores, vast

ren (Gorer)

(n) man or mixed group not younger than speaker

repül

to fly

felrepül

to soar; (lit) to fly up

felindul

repdes

flutter, flit, fly about; (mus)

'repdes mint egy angyal'

flutters like an angel

>>hány

◦flyong

(v) to fly away; (adj) fluttering, streaming, flighty

rí

cry, weep

ríni

to cry, weep, greet

ríṅ, a-ríṅ

(n) voice, sound, the note of animals, birds, the sound of trumpet, etc.

hryóp

(v) to cry


250


rikolt

to cry

> regin elmondani, kijelenteni

[SA-HU] (VAA)

> RI to cry out [SU] (ePSD)

ritka /ˈritkɒ/

scarce, rare, sparse, unwonted,

extraordinary, fine, infrequent,

loose, odd, rarely, scant,

seldom, singular, sometimes,

straggling, tenuous, thin,

uncommon, unique

ritkán (találó) /ˈritkaːn/

seldom, rarely, infrequently,

occasionally, once in a blue

moon, sometimes, thin(ly)

hrók1


*kán

(adj) rare, uncommon <hrók-kán?(IM)>

*kŭn-kán

(n) little scarcity

ró

(v) carve, notch, entail; kiró

carve out

róva

(adj) carved, notched <^river^>

rovar

(n) (winged/flying) insect, bug <that rove from flower-to-flower>

rovás

(adj) runic, scored, cut in, carved

róna

(n) an expanse of land with

relatively low relief; would

impose; (syn) síkság

*kró

(v) to carve

ru

<(ppn) ancient Lepcha-named rivers began with ru (or its

derivatives)> <riverbeds carved/rót by flowing water>

róṅ, răṅ

(ppn) a Lepcha <Róng>, (aka) mo tŭn či róṅ; (n) ravine <'carved'

mountain area flat/low for passage>

▪róṅ, a-róṅ

(n) horn, antlers


251


⚑ 1748: Rona Hegy nevü észak

oldalában egy darabocska

erdő (EMSzT)

▶ló, holló, rohan, rúna,

horony, rés

robot

(n) (his) socage, forced labour;

(fig) hard work, drudgery; robot

rab /ˈrɒb/

(n) prisoner, captive, inmate, lag

ló-bo

(n) a day-labourer <^labor^>

rohan

(v) to rush, scuttle, run, speed,

dash, fly, race, scoot, scurry,

shoot, tear, book

rohanás

(v) burst, run(ning), rush, careen

rohangál

(v) to scuttle

Runya ≈

(pn) river in Hungary

ru

<(pre) ancient Lepcha-named rivers begin w/ ru>(Gorer)

rŭt

(v) to slip, slide down as gum from tree, as bank; flock, overwhelm,

overspread, overpower

≈ Rung Chyum (Lachung)

(pn) ancient Lepcha-named river (Nepali name) (RNT)

≈ Ra-thong Ung

(pn) Ra surging and tumultuous advance + thong to swallow or drink

up. Main source of the Rangít; a glacier-fed rapid torrent subject to

sudden and destructive flood (Wad1)

Runyoo

(ppn) Lepcha-named river of Sikkim

ruṅ

(pre) forms nouns M. Gr. 96; (n) 1) of 'extension or length' prefix of

Lepcha names of rivers W. 60 also in other words see ruṅ-gan etc. See

also ră- 2) reduplic. of hryon


252


rokon ☑ *rakka near; to approach

[pFU] /ˈrokon/

(n) relative ● akrun, akruni

rokon, rokoni relative, related

[HU] (Toth2)

róṅ-kŭp

(n) a Lepcha, sometimes also used in a familiar, affectionate or

compassing sense

Rong-Aaring (Aachuley)

(n) Lepcha language

rongál

(v) to spoil, destroy, damage,

harm, hurt, impair, injure ●

rongálás (v) to abuse;

dilapidation, vandalism

ringy-rongy to clobber

káromol ☐

(v) to blaspheme, curse, cuss,

swear

káromkod|ik

(v) to swear, curse, cuss, execrate,

swan

riṅ săr

(v) rongálás, aljas (romlott) nyelvet használni to abuse, to give vile

(rotten) language <riṅ = nyelv language; săr = rohadtnak lenni to be

rotten>

rŭṅ-mŭ

(n) átok, átok teljesítése is curse, also fulfillment of curse

rŭṅ-mŭ kyóp

(v) káromkodik, gyaláz execrate, revile

rossz

(n) bad, evil, wrong, miserable,

nasty, poor, naughty, vicious,

wicked, crook, ill, crummy, dirty,

disagreeable, dud, hard, harm,

incorrect, iniquitous, low,

meager, maleficent, mischievous,

not good, punk, sleazy, (vul)

shitty, stinky, worthless,

unsavory

romlik

(v) (elromlik) to break (down),

die, addle, go bad

rém

(n) bogy(man), fright, phantom,

spectre ● rémület terror, dread,

fright, dismay, fear

ro3, ro-m

(v) to fear, be afraid

rom-bo

(adj) fearful; (n) a fearer

a-rom

(n) fear, danger; (adj) fearful

*ro4

(n) a corpse


253


rémült

scared, frightened, panicky

rozsda

(n) rust <reddish-brown color>

rúzs

(n) rouge, lipstick <red-making

products>

vörös

okker raddle, red ochre

▶derűs, veres, rúd

kŭr-dăṅ

(adj) ruddy as ripe fruit


(adj) ruddy, rosy, rosy-cheecked; applied also to persons of quality

assembled together: bright, brilliant, splendid; illustrious,

distinguished, noble

ruca, réce

(n) (reg) vad kacsa wild duck (MEK)

rucaöröm

(n) floating fern/watermoss,

water butterfly wings, Salvinia

natans; (lit) ruca joy

rúg

(v) kick; rúgó spring <water in a

river ‘springs’>, coil, motive

(for) mainspring (of) ● rugu (wr.

ru-gu2) withstand; sail upstream

Akk. mahāru [SU] (ePSD)

ruganyos

(adj) alert, elastic, flexible,

limber, lissom, lithe, springy,

supple, willowy

◦ru

(pn) ancient Lepcha-named rivers (Nepali name) (RNT)

◦aaraang

(n) elasticity, flexibility

≈ Rung Chyum (Lachung); ≈ Ru-thok (Ruthok); ≈ Rudok (Ridak)

(pn) ancient Lepcha-named rivers (Nepali name) (RNT)

≈ Rí-yot Ung (Dík-chhu)

(pn) Lepcha-named river (Bohotiya name); Rí rapid + yot let loose,

unlimited. Extremely rapid river (Wad1)

≈ Ra-thong Ung

(pn) Ra surging and tumultuous advance + thong to swallow or drink

up. Main source of the Rangít; a glacier-fed rapid torrent subject to

sudden and destructive flood (Wad1)

≈ Ra-dô Ung


254


(pn) Ra (as above) + dô a lake <tó>; arises from a small lake, Ung-dô

(Kala pokh'rí black lake, Nep.) (Wad1)

≈ Rí-tse Chhu

(pn) Bhotiya-renamed river, using name of nearby hill, Rí-tse + Chhu

water (Wad1)

rúd ☐ /ˈruːd/

(n) bar (solid object with uniform

cross-section), pole, shaft, staff,

beam, ingot, cane, handle, mast,

perch, post, rod, shank, slot, spar,

stake, stave, stele, stick

rudas

(n) pole-horse, thiller, thill-horse;

beamed; provided with poles, bars,

rods; (arc agr) amount of hay

two men can lift together (PoFe)

Rutichun ♔

(pn) (c. 6-5 century BC) Eastern

Hun king, warrior vs. China;

successive Western Hun leaders

were also called by this name;

thought to mean (lit) fierce

warrior kemény harcos (DeCs)

“Rút volt, vagy csak markáns,

hősies arcú?” (Varga Csaba:

rózsa, ró, rose stb.) (PeIm)

ráüt

(v) to hit, strike; (lit) hit on it

ráad

rönk

(n) stump; rönköly (obs) squat,

stocky man; timber ; billets ; log;

clay piece (KiGa)

rádzsa

(n) rajah, Hindu prince; (syn)

Hindi királyfi; Rádzsasztán

Rajasthan, W India

rŭt

(v) to slip, slide down as gum from tree, as bank; flock, overwhelm,

overspread, overpower; [TT] rud

◦ru

(n) a strong climbing cane with strong stems of the lower and middle

hills, forests; best species of cane in the hills and formerly employed

by the Lepchas for making cane bridges; (fam) Calamus

Acanthospathus Griff. Calamus <Rattan Palm>

≈rŭṅ-čum

(n) the spring, the place whence flows the water of life

≈Rung Chyum

(pn) ancient Lepcha-named river (Nepali name: Lachung) (RNT)

kŭr-dăṅ (rev ←)

(adj) ruddy as ripe fruit


(adj) ruddy, rosy, rosy-cheeked; also: persons of quality assembled

together: bright, brilliant, splendid; illustrious, distinguished, noble

>>derűs>>

≈rŭṅ-ťo ŭṅ

(pn) river in Sikhim acc. to W. ‘the muddy-brown extended water’ W.

60

≈rŭṅ-tí ŭṅ

(pn) a river in Sikhim


255


⚑ Ruténtelep; Ruttka;

Rutyendorf A; Růžd'ka CZ;

Ružići [Matuliji] HR;

Ruzicskatelep (Rudicica)

[Újmosnica]; Ruzs; Ruzsa;

Ruzsatag (Rugea)

[Tasnádbajom];

Ruzsabackfürdő; Ruzsoly

(Kružlová); Rudice BIH;

Rudice CZ; Rudice CZ; Rédics;

Ratíškovice CZ; Radeče SLO;

Radács (Radatice) (MEA)

▶ró <ló>, rí, rá, rang, derűs,

veres, rúzs

ruha

(n) cloth; (reg-Erd) gúnya

(SaAt)

hor (rev ←)

(v) to wrap, encircle one's self in clothes

▪dum

(n) cloth

Rumpód ⚑

town (near Szombathely,

Hungary)

≈ Runpo, ≈ Ramphu, ≈ Rangpo

(ppn) Lepcha-named rivers of Sikkim (RNT)

rúna

(n) rune; a secret, a mystery

> rum perfect, ideal [SU]

(ePSD)

rum

(pn) God


256


runcat

(arc) to weed (out), to hoe;

(syn) gyomlál (KiGa) <weed

out the wheat from the tares?

(re:) Revelation 18:21: [Finality

of Babylon’s Doom] Then a

mighty angel picked up a

boulder the size of a large

millstone and threw it into the

sea, and said: “With such

violence the great city of

Babylon will be thrown down,

never to be found again.">

▶remek

rung taok

(n) mill stone used for grinding, crushing, pulverizing solid

substance as grains, used either by hand or water

S

saját ☐

own (belonging to), proper

(belonging to one's self),

separate, distinct, personal,

respective, home, peculiar,

one's own

saját maga

yourself, self, her/himself; (lit)

(your) own seed; sajátmaga

oneself, own

sajátos

specific, peculiar,

idiosyncratic, individual,

quaint, original, particular,

proper, special; sajátosság,

sajátság quality, trait,

characteristic, feature, nature,

particularity, peculiarity,

property, specialty, specificity;

sajátságos bizarre, odd,

special, strange, characteristic,

especial, eerie, fantastic,

uncanny

să-lyăṅ

(adv) privately

să-lyăṅ ťyaṅ

(v) to be hid away, have run away, have disappeared, to be dead


257


sajgás

to smart, ache

sajgó

seb ulcer, aching wound

sajna

alas, unfortunately

sajnál ☐

to regret, (be) sorry for/about,

begrudge, bewail, pity, repent,

commiserate, deplore, feel

compassion for, have mercy

on, lament, miss, stint

sajnál (vmit)

to feel sorry for (smg/smb)

sajnálat

regret, sorrow, compassion,

mercy, pity, remorse, rue,

sympathy

sajnálatos

regrettable, deplorable, sad,

piteous, sorrowful,

unfortunate, unhappy

sajnálatosan

painfully, sadly

sajnos

unfortunately, regrettably,

sadly, unluckily, alas, alack,

sad to say, unhappily

▶saját, sárga

▪sagrám

(adv) below

sakál ☑ India /ˈʃɒkaːl/

(n) jackal, wild canine/dog, wolf

sárkány

(n) dragon, drake, vixen, wyvern

▪sáryók

(n) jackal

▪sa ngúng

(n) lizard <gyík ☐ >


258


▪sader mi

(n) gun (literally thunder-fire) <dörgés>

sámán shaman, medicine-man

<sám-ány?>

*sám


sápadt pale, sallow, dim,

blank

să-pat

(adj) asunder, disconnected, absent in mind

sapka hat să-kap

(n) a mantle

sárga

yellow, amber, sallow, xanthic,

xanthous <amber=ember?>

sarj

progeny, offset, shoot, slip,

young

sarjadzik

to branch, offset, sprout

>>száll, szál, sellő, jel, sajgás

šăr

(v) to be dazzled <by the sun(shine)?>

▪tshâlum

(n) orange narancssárga <^sallow^>

šăr-ra šăr-ra

(adj) simmering <shimmering?> <"sebes, torlódó, örvénylő

folyószakasz; egy feltehető *serlik (‘forog’) ige révén; gyors mozgást,

illetve forgást fejez ki> (MEN)

sark

(n) pole

suháng

(n) pole ● šašku sark/pálca

pole [SU] (ePSD)

kuṅ

(n) fa, szár, sark/pálca tree, stalk, pole <kéreg = (tree) bark>

kur kuṅ

(n) pole of tent


259


sárkány

(n) dragon, kite, airframe, drake,

vixen, wyvern ▶dorong pole

kánya

(n) kite (bird of prey), black kite

sarkcsillag

(n) pole star, loadstar ●

Sarkcsillag North Star, Polaris,

Cynosura ● sarki Arctic, polar

sarok

(n) corner

sarkú

(adj) heeled <cornered> ● sercli

heel

sarkantyú

(n) spur, ergot, heel, gaff

sarkall

(v) to actuate, drive, goad, prick,

prod, prompt, spur, stimulate,

urge

sarkalatos

(adj) cardinal, fundamental,

pivotal ● sarkcsap pivot, pintle

▶hét, dorong, szít, lük,

huncut, kerek, kör, sípsor

▪kán

(v) pulverise, reduce to powder

▪kumthyóng

(n) kite

*kru

(n) an angle

*krup-jí

(n) a quadrilateral, a square

▪dyángtung

(n) heel

pă-no *šap-tiṅ

(n) the heel of a great man <pă-no király king> <sípsor tier>

▪kakyók

(num) 7, seven hét <the symbol 7 pivots, looks like an angle sarok;

also often associated with dragons (7-headed dragon, etc.)>

sarló /ˈʃɒrloː/

sickle, scythe, crescent, hook,

reaping-hook

sarlóalak

meniscus ← mēniskos crescent

félhold ← (dim) mēnē moon

hold [GK]; (phy) curved upper

surface of a liquid in a tube;

(opt) lens that is convex on one

side and concave on the other;

sŭr-du hur

(n) (Yakt'oomba-w. <Limbo tribe?>) a sickle

sŭr-vi hur ban

(n) a sickle <ban = knife>


260


(ana) thin fibrous cartilage

between the surfaces of some

joints, e.g., the knee (Google)

szike scalpel, dissector, lance,

lancet

Sarlós Boldogasszony ✝ (bib)

Visitation of Our Lady; (def)

visit of pregnant Mary with

her relative Elizabeth

(pregnant with John the

Baptist), Luke 1:39–56; also the

Christian feast day

commemorating visit,

celebrated on 31 May in the

West (2 July in calendars of the

1263–1969 period, and

Germany's modern regional

calendar) and Hungary and 30

March among Eastern

Christians.

▶pengesor

segéd /ˈʃɛɡeːd/

(n) assistant, auxiliary, mate,

coadjutor, adjunct, servant, aide,

helper

segéd- adjuvant, assistant,

aux(iliary) ● cseléd servant,

handmaid, menial

segély

(n) support, help, relief, subsidy,

aid, assistance, benefit, grant(s)

segít

(v) to help, assist, aid, support,

avail, sustain, underpin,

accomodate, advance, attend to,

back (up), benefit, bolster, lean,

buttress, prop, rest, head,

contribute, lead, cooperate, mend,

mentor, relieve, succor

*še-ta-mo

(n) a king’s maid-servant <še= (tiszt) arc (hon) face>

šap

(n) the basis, foundation; (hon) foot of great man

pă-no šap-či

(n) attending on king, retinue

šap-tok

(n) service, used by Lepcha in sense of offering, present

pă-no šap-či nóṅ

(v) to go along with king <nóṅ = -ong>


261


segíteni

(v) to help ● segítek I help

segítő assistant, adjuvant, helper,

ministerial, second, succor,

supporting

szolgál

(v) to serve, to be in service

szolga

(n) servant <szó word, szól to

speak>

serdülő

(n) teenager, adolescent, youth,

juvenile, pubescant

szolgálat service, ministration,

serving

▶szegény, sekély, kisérő,

sípsor, kicsi, sellő

pă-no šap-tiṅ nón

(v) to follow after king

pă-no šap-tiṅ nón-bo

(n) a follower, servant of king

*so

(v) to serve up (food); to convey

so-bo

(n) a conveyor <szarvú, sabir; sabre>

să-tsŭ

(n) kindness, a respectful mode of speech

să-tsă mat

(n) please, have kindness

sekély

(n) shallow, shoal <cascade?>

csekély /ˈʧɛkeːj/

(adj) slight, small, little,

insignificant, meager, narrow,

low, nominal, paltry, petty, scant,

slim, trifling, scarce

csekélyes

(adj) slight, small for its kind

▶ szék, segéd, sellő, kicsi

să-čŭ

(adv) apparently slight, small

să-čŭ-lă

(adv) diminuitive

să-čŭ-lă ší

(v) to appear small as thing at distance

čím-bo

(adj) csekély meagre <^simple^>

sellő šăl, šel

(v) to be wet


262


(n) cascade; mermaid, nixie,

seamaid

▶ sekély, segéd

šăl-bo, šel-bo (IM)

(n) one who is wet <Main Gram: when -bo attached to roots of verbs

gives the significance of nouns 'agentis' and adjectives>

šăr-ra šăr-ra

(adj) simmering <(MEN) "sebes, torlódó, örvénylő folyószakasz; egy

feltehető *serlik (‘forog’) ige révén; gyors mozgást, illetve forgást

fejez ki>

sereg

(n) army, flock, cloud, crowd,

horde, military, battalion, bevy,

cohort, covey, host, nest, troop

▪satet

(pro) how much, how many

serkent

(v) to urge

▪klek

(v) to force, urge

serleg goblet, cup, mug,

beaker, glass, chalice, bucket,

pot, tub, tumbler

*šer \ ▪sher

(n) glass

sért harm, hurt, injure, offend

megsért

to violate, hurt, wound,

affront, break, contravene,

harm, injure, offend (against),

outrage, pique, trangress,

wrong

megsértő

violation; the violator

▶telér

*šet

(n) strength, power, force

mó-să tó

(n) the scar of wound


263


sík, síkság ☐

(n) even, plane, flat, horizontal,

level, planar, smooth ● shibild

síkság plain, flat [SA-HU] (VAA)

síktárcsa

(n) face, table, face-plate

sima ☐

(adj) smooth, plane, even, flat ●

simít (make) smooth, stroke,

level, slick ● simogat stroke,

carress, fondle, iron, kiss, pat

síkos ☐

(adj) glib, greasy, slippery

▶száj, szakáll, szín, szem

▪jóp

(v) to flatten, make or become flat

*še2

(n) (megtisztelő) arc (honorific) face

ši myaṅ

(n) macska cat

ši myaṅ kŭp

(n) cica, cicuska <macska csöpp> kitten

šók

(n) grease, fat

siker

success, hit, show, go

sikerül

to succeed, manage, get, work

out, accomplish, achieve,

attain, catch, encounter, find,

hit, reach, run across, come

about, score, strike, arrive, end

up, fare, occur, turn out (well)

den3



zuk den

(adj) well-cooked

sípsor tier

▶láb, szár, ápol, segéd, sújt

sípcsont

tibia (bone of the leg),

shin(bone), shank(bone),

femur, fibula

*šap, *šóp

(n) the basis, foundation; (hon) the foot of great man

▪(a-) tʻon tik

(n) shin

šóp wok

(adv) beneath feet; (n) a servant


264


söpör

to sweep (with broom)

süpped

to subside, sink <süllyed>

süppedés

sagging, settlement, settling,

sinking, subsidence, underlay

lesüpped

to settle (down)

lesüppedés subsidence

> šub to fall; to drop, lay

(down); to thresh (grain) [SU]

(Toth6)

sir

(n) grave

sí

(v) (obs) howl, cry ● sír to cry,

weep

sikolt

(v) to scream, screech, shriek,

squall, yell ● sikoltani to cry,

scream ● sikoltozás skril

sikoly

(n) scream

sikongat

(v) to crow, scream(ing)

šum3

(v) (honorofic) to cry, weep <hryóp>

šót

(v) to be overwhelmed with grief

šót lyak

(n) overwhelming sorrow or passion; to weep violently

šót bam

(v) to weep bitterly

sisak /ˈʃiʃɒk/

helm(et), casque, galea, head-

piece >>csúcs>>

pă-no suk-jo

(n) the crown <pă-no = king király>


265


sivár

humdrum, barren, bleak,

meager

▪~sháng

(adj) barren, sterile

só ☒ Ugor, esetleg finnugor /ˈʃoː/

(n) salt; sót salted ◷ 1138:

Sahtu; [c1200]: Souyou; 1221:

Soht; 1228: Soyou; 1243:

Sayow; 1334: Sooszek; 1368:

Sohordowth; 1368: Sahwth;

1395:. ʃow; 1416: ʃaui; 1416:

ʃaitalan (sótalan); 1530:

sohtartoh; 1536: sws

kapwztha; 1708 Sovát (UMESz)

sóz /ˈʃoːz/

(v) salt(ing), brining ● sózás

salting, brining ● sózó (salt) lick

● sózott to salt; salty, salted

salétrom

(n) <slt> saltpeter, niter,

potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate <-rom = rum god?>

szikes

(n) lick, sodic, salt

nátronlúg

(n) natron; (def) mineral salt

found in dried lake beds:

hydrated sodium carbonate;

(syn) kristályszóda

megszabadít

(v) to deliver, rid, free

zászló, szalag

(n) flag, banner

▶lét, pótol

*sŭ-tśó

(n) salétrom saltpeter, nitre

vóm pot

(v) sózni, sóval megtermékenyíteni, mint vízet, húst to salt,

impregnate with salt; as water, meat

uṅ-să a-lŭt

(n) só (régi Lepcha nyelven) <uṅ víz + -să birtokosi alakítás, teljes

viszonylagos kapcsolat + a-lŭt a szív, a közép, a termék, a legjobb; és még:

felszabadítani, menteni> salt (old Lepcha language) <uṅ water + -să forms

gen./possessive/gen. absolute relative/related to; a-lŭt the heart, middle, the

product, the best; also liberate, save>


266


sólyom

(n) (peregrine) falcon, hawk,

tercel

sarlósfecske

common swift (Apus apus)

fecske

swallow, martin <phoenix?>

fecskefark

dovetail

tüskésfarúfélék

swallow, cuckooshrike; (gen)

Campephagidae (lit) dovetail

types

sas

hawk

főnix

phoenix; anything reborn after

apparently being destroyed

**All fast birds w/similar wing

structure**

"The [Egyptian] Book of the

Dead contains spells enabling

the dead to appear as a

phoenix, swallow, falcon and

heron ...all are considered sun-

birds." (HTV)

💫 Shash Draco, the dragon

sárkány constellation; (lit) sas

eagle [SA-HU] (VAA)

▶turul, saját

să-lyăṅ fo

(n) a swallow

să-lyăṅ či

(n) the ashy swallow-shrike (Artamus fuscus)

să-lyăṅ kă-lŭ bik

(n) a swallow

să-lyăṅ kŭr-víṅ

(n) a swallow-shaped roof open at each end

tă-liṅ

(n) a spec. of bird, Graucalus macei <large cuckooshrike>

să-lyăṅ tŭṅ fi (tim-bo)

(n) other species (swallow) Acanthylis caudacuta <the spine-tailed

swift; roosting in Ceylon, could reach the Himalayas (1,200 miles)

before sunset>

să-lyăṅ

(adv) privately

să-lyăṅ ťyaṅ

(v) to be hid away, have run away, have disappeared, to be dead

pŭn-jă


dependance <root jă = to fix arrow on string, preparing to fire off>

<füge>


267


sör

beer

csiger, csigér

alcoholic drink of soaked

grape pomac; sour, poor

quality wine (CsF)

acsari

sour (Toth4)

csaj

tea [HU] (Toth2)

becsípett

to be very drunk ?

čí

(n) spirit, liquor, beer espec. a kind of beer, extracted from different

species of grain such as millet, rice, Indian corn, etc.; the first of

which they consider the best; the grain is sometimes merely allowed

to ferment and in that state is eaten

čí krí-nóṅ

(v) to become sour (chi)

čí jŭ

(v) to distill spirit

čí kra (nóṅ)

(adj) the chi is flavorless

čí bup

(v) to be drunk

sorozat

sequence, series, chain, train

šál-bo

(n) a train, series, concatenation

sors

fate, lot, destiny, kismet

bor

(n) fate, destiny

sorvad ☐

to dwindle (away), atrophy,

moulder, waste (away), wilt

poshad

to mo(u)ld, stagnate

▶pokol, ápor, penész

por2

(v) to become mouldy, to mould

a-por

(n) mouldy (as rice, meat, cloth)


268


sötét /ˈʃøteːt/

dark(ness), dismal, gloomy,

somber, dim, black, obscure,

arcane, bleak, desolate, dreary,

dun, dusky, grim, heavy,

miserable, grey, sad, saturnine

▶sújt

šót


sovány /ˈʃovaːɲ/

(adj) thin(ness), slender, lean,

narrow in size, reedy, skinny,

slim, scraggy, scrawny, meager,

attenuate, bony, gaunt, haggard,

hungry, lenten, peaky, rawboned,

small, spare, wispy, underweight

▶hiv (hivány), hitvány,

hiutvány, szoros

šám2

(v) to be narrow

šám šám

(adj) narrow, slender

sóvár /ˈʃoːvaːr/

anxious, avid, desperate,

esurient, thirsty, wishful; (arc

reg) sovár, sohár (CzF)

sóvárog /ˈʃoːvaːroɡ/

yearn, crave, ache (for),

hunger, long (for), lust, aspire

(to), be avid, covet, hanker,

hope for, pine, sigh, thirst; (arc

reg) sovárog, sohárog (CzF)

sóvárgás

covetousness, craving,

cupidity, greed, longing,

yearning

sóvárgó /ˈʃoːvaːrɡoː/

desirous, languorous, wishful,

wistful, yearning

▶szemét, szenny, sáv, só

šám1

(v) to be filthy, disgusting, abominable, loathsome, impure <L.believe

greed, craving for selfish (vs. community) goals is abhorrant;

traditionally, social pressure works against egotism>

šám-mŭṅ

(n) pollution, filth

šám-nóṅ

(v) to be filthy, polluted

šám-mŭṅ-să mă-ró

(n) unclean person, polluted


269


súg

(v) towhisper, prompt <using

words>

▶saját, száját

* šăp

(v) súgni to whisper

*sŭk

(n) szó word

suṅ

(v) to command, order; used by Lepcha's for king or great man "to

speak"

sugár /ˈʃuɡaːr/

(n) ray, beam (of light, radiation);

jet, spurt, stream (of liquid);

radius ● sugára (its/his/her) ray

sugaras

(adj) radial (re:) a radius (of a

circle)

sűrít

(v) to compact, compress,

concentrate, boil down, condense,

kern, solidify, thicken

▶szőke

*sŭk

(n) a word

suk-jo

(n) king's crown

să-hór

(n) a star

să-hór kŭr-dŭ

(n) a star, bright star

să-hór kŭr-nap

(n) the evening star

să-hór kŭr-sóṅ

(n) the morning star

suhan to swoosh, flit, glide šál, šăl

(v) to slide along, to glide; to slip off, to slip down (as thing)

suháng pole kuṅ

(n) fa tree


270


sújt /ˈʃuːjt/

(v) to smite, afflict, hit

lesújt

(v) to oppress, afflict, desolate,

smite, crack down ● lesújtó

distressful, overwhelming,

fulminatory ● lesújtott to

prostrate

súly ☐ /ˈʃuːj/

(n) weight, heaviness, mass, load,

burden, bearing, gravity, heft,

onus, ponderousness, plummet

súlyos serious, disastrous,

earnest, severe, acute, heavy,

bad, crass, cumbersome

süllyed to dip, drop, drown, fall,

immerge, immerse, lower, plunge,

sink ● süllyedés subsidence,

sinking, depression, fall, letdown,

lowering, prolapse, sagging,

settling, sinkage ● lesüllyed to

deign, (con)descend, come down,

dip, give way ● lesüllyedt

decayed ● lesüllyeszt to lower

sulykol to drill, ram

▶saját, sikolt, sípsor, süt, zsír,

csúsz, szenny, szégyen, szur,

sík, sár, iszap

šót


šót lyak

(n) overwhelming sorrow or passion; to weep violently

šu3, šu-m, šu-t

(v) to be fat, as man or beasts

šum-bo

(adj) fat

pŭr-šu-lă

(adj) slovenly, dirty

súrol

(v) to graze, scour, crease, shave

sŭr, a-sŭr

(n) a plait, wrinkle, plicature, pucker

lyaṅ sŭr

(n) ravined ground, a ravine

süt /ˈʃyt/ roast, bake, fry,

simmer, cook, shine

sŭ1

(v) to bake as bread


271


sütő

(n) oven; (syn) kemence,

kályha, tűzhely

sült

(v) roast, baked, fried, fried meat

sütés /ˈʃyteːʃ/

(v) baking, bake, cooking, frying,

roasting; (sun) shining; (hair)

curling

sŭ-šŭm-bo

(n) an oven

čut

(v) to boil water, to make boiling, hot

▪a-šut[šu]

(n) fat, oil, grease

▪satsuk

(n) sun <smg that shines, radiates heat>

suttyomban

(adv) underhand(edly)

suttog

(v) whisper, rustle

să-măl

(v) to act covertly, do anything secretly

Sz

szá : (arc root) for száj mouth

(szó = word)

(CzF): régies fn. mai

használattal: száj; Egyébiránt

most is személyragozva így

szoktuk mondani és írni:

szám, szád, szánk, szátok. A

régieknél ez önálló alakban

más ragokat is fölvett. "Szűnek

bőségéből beszél szá" (ex

abundantia tordis os loquitur.

Münch. cod. Máté. XII.). "Mert

mi szán bemegyen" (quia quod

intrat in os. U. o. Máté XV.).

"Melyek kedég széból kijőnek"

(quae vero ex ore procedunt.

U. o. XV.). "Én adok szát" (ego

**important grammar element**

să-

(pre) by prefixing să- are formed: 1) nouns signifying: atmospherical

phenomena: weather, wind, rain, snow; sun, stars; distribution of

time, seasons; 2) abstract nouns for fortunate, misfortune, virtues,

vices; 3) names of animals and plants (trees and creepers); 4) other

nomina; 5) c. -lă (postp) adverbia from verbal roots. See also sŭk-,

sŭṅ-, sŭr-.

-să

(postp) I. 1) forms the genetive c. M 29 <magyar -é>; 2) forms the

possessive c. <magyar -m, -d, -a, -nk, -tok, -juk>; 3) in objective sense;

4) forms adjectives M. 100-101; 5) in its possessive sense expresses

'worth; 6) forms an instrumental case; 7) forms a genetive of verbal

roots; 8) -să (-o) forms a polite mode of speaking (precative);


272


dab., vobis os. Luk. XXII.).

"Gyónásra való szának

megnyilását" (Nádor-cod. 42.).

"En adok nektök szát es

bölcseségöt" (Debreceni

Legendáskönyv).

száguld /ˈsaːɡuld/ to race,

rush, whiz, barrel, book, flash,

scorch, scud, shoot, speed, tear

along, go flat out

vízsugár (water)spout,

whirlwind, waterjet

šap

(v) to flash as lightening

să-lyóp šap

(v) to whirl

száj ☑ pFU <^say, sigh^>

(arc) szá, (n) mouth (syn)

nyílás opening <nyíl also = arrow

szagitta Sagittarius; nyílas archer>

szám1

(n) (math) number ● szám2 song,

musical number szám3 my

mouth ● szavam my word ●

szaval to recite (poetry)

szá-vá-m(IM)

(n) protacted sound by mouth

▶szó, szán, szám, mond, aj

*še2


*še-pa

(n) ajkak, száj lips <perem = brim, border, lip>

vă, vá-m

(v) to protract a sound, give a long note, chant out

vám

(n) a song, tune; music

szak /ˈsɒk/

(n) branch, chapter, department,

major, period, subject, technical,

trade

Szakák

(pn) Saka, name used by Persian

sources for the nomadic peoples

formerly inhabiting the steppes N

of the Iranian plateau

▪saka

(n) deer <whose horns branch out; Saka also identified with deer>

▪saka gú, saka mót

(n) doe, female deer

▪saka tsu

(n) buck, stag

▪sák

(n) the mind


273


szakrális, vallási

(n, adj) sacred ▶ szán(dék)

keresztcsonti sacral, base of the

spine

keresztcsonti csigolya sacral

vertebra

▶szarv, szerv, szán

▪sákcíng

(v) to think

▪sákdi

(v) to feel

▪sáknyín

(v) to recollect

▪sáktsum

(n) a thought

szakáll, szálka

(n) beard

*še-gyin

(n) the moustaches, beard; (lit) ‘the embellishment of the face’

szakasz

(n) disjunction

szakít

(v) to tear

szakítani

to separate, break up

szakított

broken, split, torn (apart)

szakad

to tear, break

szakadék

abyss, bluff, chasm, cliff, cleft,

deep, dell, escarpment, gap,

gulch, gulf, pit, precipice,

ravine, rift, scarp, steep

szaggat

to rend, tear

szagitta

arrow

să-pat

(n) an interval of space or time, disjunction

hrík

(v) to tear

să-pat-mat

(v) to separate

să-pat-lă

(adv) apart

šak, šak-kă, šak-kă dek

(v) to break in two

să-gyeṅ vó

(n) a kind of arrow


274


szálka

(n) (fish)bone, splint(er), arista,

awn, barb, beard, comb, coping,

crest, edge, ridge, skelf, top

▶szakáll, szár, szolga

sŭṅ-ban

(n) the barb of an arrow

száll ☐

to fly, soar

szállítócsúszda

slide

szalad /ˈsaːlɒd/

to run, scamper, career,

course, scoot, skitter

▶lét

šál, šăl

(v) to slide along, to glide; to slip off, to slip down (as thing) <denotes

movement ▶ lét lŭt1 = szál-lét salute>

▪salol

(adv) which way, in which direction, whither

szám1

(math) number, digit, figure,

size, numeral, amount, cipher,

quantity, track (follow flow of

information), act, badge, copy

(printed edition of magazine,

book)

▶tárgy, szem, száj

▪thám

(n) thing, object

szán1

mean, intend, dedicate,

deplore, destine, devote, dray

szana (arc) szó word (CsSa1)

*sám


suṅ


speak"


275


szándék

will, intention, purpose,

design, aim, animus, view,

counsel, determination,

meaning, mind, motion, drift,

purport, resolution,

object(ive), notion, thought,

volition, whereabouts

szándékos

deliberate, calculated, willful,

frivolously, intentional,

malicious, mischievous,

premeditated, purposeful

szándékolt

intended

szándékú

meaning

▪tân

(n) cause, reason, behalf

▪tândók \ ◦tan daok

(n) reason, motive, purpose

sám dŭk

(n) distress of the mind, anxiety

▪sák

(n) the mind

▪sákcíng

(v) to think

▪sákdi

(v) to feel

▪sáknyín

(v) to recollect

▪sáktsum

(n) thought

-zăn, -zen


termination '-er'

szán2

(n) cutter, sleigh, sled, sledge

szánkózík, szánkáz

(v) to sleigh, sled, sledge <ride; go

on a sleigh ride>

▶szárny, szál

dáṅ

(v) to run, issue <movemt at fast speed, which sled allows>

dáṅ ku-bo

(v) to be able to run, swift as a horse

szánakozó

(adj) compassionate, sympathetic,

tender-hearted; pitiful, regretful ●

szánakozás compassionate

sám naṅ-bo

(n) an upright person


276


szánalom

(n) pity, compassion, mercy,

sympathy, commiseration, ruth

sám a-dum


szánalmas /ˈsaːnɒlmɒʃ/

pathetic,abject, miserable,

deplorable, forlorn, lamentable,

sad, piteous, woeful

szánandó

deplorable, miserable,

piteable, poor, remorseful

>>zsémbel, maszlag, kurzsló,

szilánk

săm-mă săm-mă, a-mlem

(n) a displeased countenance

szándékol

meditate

szándékol tenni

have in mind

szándékolás

contemplation, tuning

intentions

sám kyet

(n) peace of mind, tranquility, serenity

sám ót

(v) to relieve the mind

szánt ☐

(v) to plow/plough, till, furrow,

(arc) ear

szántó

szántóföld arable land,

field(s), plots, ploughland,

tillage

šán

(v) to thin out, as cornfield, etc. when plantation too close

sám tí

(adj) magnanimous, ambitious

▪nyót

(n) field

să-nóm

(n) fortune, luck; king's forehead >>see paradicsom>>


277


szárad

to dry ● száradt dried ●

száradó drying, withering ●

száraz dry, arid, droughty,

anhydrous, bald, bare, dry-as-

dust, parched, lean, meager,

sear, stale, prosaic

szikár

haggard, lean, spare, thin ●

szikkadt arid, desicated

víz szegény

arid; (lit) water poor

> šarag (wr. šarag; šu-ru-ug;

šaragx(|UD.SAR|) to dry out;

šagsuga (wr. šag4-sug4-ga;

šag4-sug4; šag4-sig) waste,

empty (land), emptiness;

hunger, famine; šukin

prostration [SU] (ePSD)

▶ szűk

šap

(v) to be dried up (as water) <šap also = fészek/fészkel>

să-rá

(adj) watery (as food), thin

szarv ☑ Származékszó

(n) horn, horns (of certain

animals); [plow] handle

szarvú, egyszarvú

unicorn, stag

szarvas

deer, stag, red/reindeer,

antelope, cervidae, elk, fawn,

gaselle, horned, moose ◷

szarvas :: 1236: (def) nagy

erdőben élő, nagy testű,

párosujjú kérődző állat,

amelynek hímje ágasbogas

agancsot visel; ~1395: ʒaruas;

(dia) szarbas; 1696: (def)

să-bŭr ◦ ▪sabur

(n) musk deer

▪sabur gú

(n) musk deer-female

să-bŭr kam

⚑ Sa-bar Kam (Anglice Subarkum): Sa-bar = musk-deer + kam = an

overhanging rock; formerly a favorite haunt of musk-deer between

Sandukfu and Phallut (LAW)

Sabur-ancho

(ppn) table-land below Himalayan mountains where the first man

and woman created by God lived

să-viṅ


278


hajlított végű sütemény, kifli,

kalács; 1808: (def) kazal

formára rakott trágyadomb

(UMESz)

szivárvány /ˈsivaːrvaːɲ/

bow, rainbow <szarvárvány?>

⚑ Zorwoskend (1236);

Zarwastou (1329) (UMESz)

▶szab, Emese, lep

(n) a stag, Cervus generally the "shon"; Cervus affinis is the chief

species in Sikhim

▪sherábú

(n) vadász hunter <sherabu dance performed at festivals>

róṅ, a-róṅ

(n) agancs a horn

▪(a-)gon

(n) uszony, sorja a fin

szatír

goat, satyr

să-ro

(n) the long-haired goat of Tibet

száz

(num) 100, one hundred ● saath

száz one hundred [SA-HU] (VAA)

▪so

(num) one hundred <so also = eső rain>

szédül

(v) feel dizzy, giddy, reel

▶lassú

▪sadu

(adv) lassan slowly

szégyen ☐ /ˈseːɟɛn/

(n) shame, disgrace, ignominy,

opprobrium, reproach, contumely,

dishonor, disrepute,

embarassment, scandal

szégyeld magad!

(say) shame on you!

▶gyanú, csúnya, szán

*sám-čŭ /samʧu/, sám č'ŭṅ /samʧʰuŋ/, *sám-čŭṅ /samʧuŋ/

(adj) pusillanimity, weakminded <sám szán = the mind>

sám-čŭṅ mat

(v) to be pusillanimous


279


szék /ˈseːk/

(n) chair, seat, stool, siege

székhely /ˈseːkhɛj/

(n) seat (governing body

location), headquarters, head

office, location address (where

resource was created, originated)

(lit) seat place

ered

(v) originate, stem, arise, ensue,

spring, come, date, derive, rise,

emanate, flow, hail from, issue,

proceed, spawn, result, source

Székely, Erdély

(n) Sekler, Szekler (Hungarian

region of Transylvania)

-szik /sik/

(suf) added to a noun,

adjective, verb or other stem to

form a verb; (ex:) alap base →

alapszik is based <(ext) signifies

infusing of life or being, brings

object to life>

szikra

(n) spark(le), flake, scintilla

szík, szik

(n) 1) embryo, (egg) yolk; (syn)

tojás szíkja, csirája; 2) (red-

Erd) plant stem's middle tough

yet flexible pulp; 3) seedling's

first leaves; all (re:) szék

seat/base (CzF)

szikla szikla(szírt)

(n) rock, cliff, boulder

szűk ☐ (arc) szug, zug (CzF)

(adj) narrow, tight, slim, close,

cramped, small, straight; (syn)

šap

(v) to make nest as bird, pig, rat, etc. <fo šap = fészek>

▪chet

(n) need, want, lack, demand, necessity

să-gór

(n) a cliff, precipice

să-gór sŭk-nu

(n) expletive: a steep precipice; (adj) difficult


280


szoros ● szűken narrowly,

tight, tightly

szükség

(n) need, want, distress,

emergency, exigence, misery,

poverty ● szükséglet need(s),

want, necessity, requisite

szök|ik

(v) to escape, to spring

▶fészek, sánc, szárad, áhít

Sikkim, Sikhim, Sukhim, Sookim

(n) new house

szellő /ˈsɛlːøː/

(n) breeze, zephyr, air, waft,

wind(s), wind diretion

szellem

(n) spirit, ghost, jinni,

appearance, attitude, fairy, elf,

genie, intellect, mind, moral(e),

shade, poltergeist, psyche, soul,

shadow, soul, wit, wraith, zombie

szelíd ☐

(adj) tame, benign, biddable,

bland, gentle, lenient, light, meek,

placid, mild, quiet, suave,

subdued, sweet > silim (to be)

healthy; completeness; well-being

[SU] (ePSD)

szellemi zűrzavar haze; (lit)

spiritual chaos

safyum

(n) breeze

suṅ-mut

(n) wind ▶szó

Sum (Aachuley)

(n) name of the sub-soals inside each human; men have eight, women

nine; the sub-souls together constitute one soul called Apil <önvaló>

sâm

(n) mind

szem /ˈsɛm/

(n) (ana) eye, optic, glyph,

cornea, lens, eyelet, eyelids,

eyespot, orb, pupil, ocular,

nictitating membrane, opthalmic,

orb, retina ● szembenéz to face,

confront, dare, front

*še2



281


szemek

(n) eyes ● szümtük (arc) eyes <szem tükör eye mirror: eyes as

windows to soul? lel = happen to

find smg; lélek = soul/spirit>

▶néz, lát, les

▪a-mik

(n) eye

szemz, szemez

to ogle, eye; graft, inoculate

szempont /ˈsɛmpont/

point (of view), aspect, view,

respect(ing smg), standpoint,

angle, consideration, regard,

sight, slant, viewpoint, way

ötödfény, ötöd szempont

(ast) quintile aspect; (def)

aspect of the planets when

they are distant from each

other by twice the fifth part of

a great circle, or 144°.

<returned when entering 'chi'

into (AMS)>

▪shi~shím

(v) to see

szem2 /ˈsɛm/

grain (of wheat, etc; of sand),

speck (of dust, etc.); (knitting)

stitch

személy

person, (hu)man, actor, thing

szemhéja

eyelid; pupilla pupil (of eye) =

púp-ája (IM) <pupil diák,

tanitvány> ▫ -ja/-je = -éje/-ája, -

néje/-nája (arc syn) (FoJa)

szemlélet aspect <^a speck^

egy szem>

/simyu/ \ ▪shúmú

(n) személy person <one 'grain' of the mass of humanity> ◦ man


(n) 1) öccs, húg vagy unokatestvér younger brother, younger sister hug

or cousin; 2) gyermek, csecsemő child, babe; 3) pupil of eye mik-àyeṅ

<(ext) related, belonging to smg larger: (FoJa) ex: teremtéje, hallája>

lá, tă-lá

(n) utánzás imitation


282


szemléltet

to demonstrate, exemplify,

illustrate <reproduce a szem

from model; simulate>

lelet

artifact (man-made object

taken as a whole/example);

(research) find(ing); waif

(abandoned child)

leltár

inventory, (stock) list

~lel (def) frequentative suffix

(ex: kér to ask → kérlel to

plead)

megfelelően

accordingly, pertaining to,

fitly, fitingly, properly, right,

duly

▶lel, lél, lát, nyelv, -ja/-je

tă-lá mat

(v) utánoz, másol to imitate

lá, lă-lá

(adv) bőségesen abundantly

lă-lá ťop

(v) rengeteget kapni to get plenty

lă

(par) 1) hangsúly, erősség; témában "csak" emphasis, intensity; in

subject 'only' 2) is 'also'

lă-lă

(prep) ennek megfelelően, tehát accordingly, therefore

szendereg

(v) to doze, snooze, slumber

szendergés

(n) slumber

◦zum nyaong

(adj) álmos, álmosító, alvásra képesd/hajlamos, alvászati

gerjesztés, elősegítés sleepy, drowsy ready/inclined to or inducing sleep

◦zum daa nyi

(n) alszik sleeping; (v) alud to be asleep; (adj) (aki) alszik (one) that

sleeps

szenny

(n) dirt, filth, grime, muck,

squalor

szemét /ˈsɛmɛt/

(n) garbage, rubbish, trash, litter,

refuse, waste, dirt, filth, junk,

discard, dreck, doss, dust, mess,

muck, offal, scum

šen

(adj) szerencsétlennek, kopottnak lenni to be wretched, to be

dilapidated

šám1

(v) mocskosnak lenni , undorító, utálatos, undorító, tisztátalan to be

filthy, disgusting, abominable, loathsome, impure


283


szemetes

(n) full of rubbish; garbage

collector, dustman

szennyes

(adj) filthy, soiled, sordid, dirty,

impure, messy, muddy, smudged,

turbid; laundry ● szennyesség

filthiness ● szennyez pollute,

contaminate ● szennyezés

pollution, contamination,

emission ● szennyezett impure,

polluted, contaminated, tainted ●

szennyező polluter, pollutant

szar

(n) (vul) shit, crap, dung, muck,

f*ed-up

sár

(n) mud, mire, dirt, filth, sludge,

crap, gyttja, muck, ooze, slime,

slob(ber), slush, smut ● šurum

szar, szemét, alom dung,

droppings (of sheep, gazelle);

litter, bedding [SU] (ePSD)

▶szén, sóvár, szörny

šám-mŭ

(adj) szennyezett polluted

šám-mŭṅ

(n) szennyezés, piszok pollution, filth

šám-nóṅ

(v) tisztátalannak lenni, szennyezett to be filthy, polluted

šám-mŭṅ-să mă-ró

(n) unclean person, polluted

sár, săr, ser

(v) to be rotten, putrid

szer /sɛr/

(n) tool (device intended to make

a task easier); substance,

medicine, drug <"love is a drug">;

(dia) one side of a street; (reg)

one of the several separate parts of

a village (WIKT)

segély

(n) support, help, aid <in this

context: a tool helps in completing

a task> ● segélyez to subsidize

szerszám tool(s), equipment,

implement(s), artifact(s),

instrument(s), machinery,

sór

(v) szőni, szóni to weave

su, sur

(n) él, szél edge ▶[SU] sañtag, santak

su sam

(n) három él/szél, háromszög three edges, triangular <triangulate=háromszögelés>


284


instruments, utensils, device(s),

appliance(s) ● sañtag, santak:

háromszög; (írásbeli) ék;

egyetlen triangle; (written)

wedge; single (sañ személy

head, + tag tart to hold) [SU] (JaHa)

szerencse ☑ Slavic /ˈsɛrɛntʃɛ/

(n) (good) luck, fortune,

happiness, chance, felicity, fluke,

hit, mercy

▶sző, ács, szán, szarv, szél,

segéd

*să-nóm

(n) véletlen, szerencse, stb .; a király homloka fortune, luck, etc.; the

forehead of king

*să-nóm čó /sənɔmʧɔ/

(adj) boldogságos, szerencsés felicitious, fortunate

szeretni

(v) to love, want, desire

szeretet /ˈsɛrɛtɛt/

(n) love, affection, liking,

attachment, fondness, loving-

kindness

szeretem

(v) I love (it, you, him/her) ●

seratum törvény law; sirem

szeretek (I) love to [SA-HU] (VAA)

▶szükség, kereslet, óv

*sám kyet

(n) derű serenity

▪chet

(n) szüksége, szeretné/akar, hiány, a kereslet, a szükségesség need,

want, lack, demand, necessity

szerep /ˈsɛrɛp/

(n) role, function (ball, soiree,

party) part (of performance), cue;

(syn) estély

šap-ro

(n) egy táncoló - ünnepet, bál a dancing-festivity, ball


285


szerint /ˈsɛrint/

(adv) by, in respect of, with

respect to, accordance, according

(to), after, in , pursuant (to),

then, under

▪sagrám

(adv) lent below

szerkezet

(n) mechanism, machine,

structure ● serild szerkezet,

állam [SA-HU] (VAA)

bór-šet

(n) szerkezet, gép, művészet, tudomány mechanism, machinery, art,

science

szerűen, (idő)szerűen

(adv) at present, currently

să-roṅ

(n) ma, máma today

szét

(adv) apart

széthány

(v) to throw apart

széttép

(v) to tear apart, lacerate

Sátán

(pn) Satan

szétválás

(n) detachment, division

*šet

(n) erő, hatalom, kényszerítés strength, power, force

šet-tán

(adv) erőszakkal with violence

*să-tán

(adv) erőszakkal, hevesen forcibly, violently

sŭṅ ťóṅ, sŭṅ pról

(n) szétválás, fejezet a division, chapter

szimat

(v) vent, smell, scent

▪nyóm

(v) szagolni to smell

szín ☐

(n) color, scene, hue, flush, dye,

(card) suit, paint, shade, tint,

complexion, face

*še2



286


színoldal

(n) face

*še-doṅ

(n) arc face

szint

(n) level, story, floor, tier, plane

*sŭṅ

(n) egy kapcsolat , egy történet a relation, a story

szipog

(v) to sniffle

szipóka

(n) #1) (drinking) straw; #2)

medium-sized marine gastropod

mollusks, (gen) Muricidae, sea

murex or rock snails;

pödörnyelv

▶bot, szop

▪pahíp

(n) nádas cső, szipóka bamboo tube, straw

szít ☒

(v) to foment, discharge, stir up

szid ☐ /ˈsid/

(v) to chide, berate, argue, cuss,

lash, miscall, scold, swear at

szitakötő /ˈsitɒkøtøː/ (n)

dragonfly, damsel fly, Odonata,

anisopter, devil's darning-needle

kötekedik

(v) to taunt, tease, niggle, jape

bajkeverő

firebrand, mischief-maker,

troublemaker, storm petrel

šit

(v) to "apply to;" to shove, slide along

hyep-šŭm-bo

(n) a fan <hyep = to fan, smash> <csavar, szétver>

sŭṅ-ban

(n) barb of an arrow

uṅ sŭṅ-vo

(n) a dragonfly <uṅ = víz water>

sŭp-naṅ

(n) a dragonfly

să-ťim čă

(n) a porcupine's quill <re: devil's darning-needle ördögnek

javitási/stoppolási tűje>


287


cséve

quill, spool; (syn) vetülékcséve

acsa ☐

dragonfly; (+) iff, if and only if;

(syn) akkor, és csak akkor;

(syn) légivadász

Közönséges acsa

broad-bodied chaser

Sebes acsa

(n) Southern hawker dragonfly

sáska ☐

(n) locust <an Oriental insect that

wreaks devastation; (Bib)

'scorpions of the earth'>

siska¹ ☐

(obs) cannon, gun, artillery (UMESz)

csíny

(n) caper, escapade, lark, mischief,

prank

civakodás

(v) wrangle, altercation,

bickering, brawl, breeze, broil,

dispute, jangle, jar, miff, quarrel,

squabble, spat

zavar ☐ /ˈzɒvɒr/

(v) to annoy, bother, trouble

csavar /ˈʧɒvɒr/

(v) to screw, wind, twist, curl

▶szarv, Szkita, sárkány, tak*,

süt

čá, a-čá

(n) quill of porcupine

*čă, čá

(v) to do mischief (as children); tease, annoy, vex, harass, trouble,

molest

sŭṅ-vo2

(adj) vast

nŭṅ-čá

(n) trouble, annoyance

čă-bo mat

(v) to tease, do mischief

čă-(yám-)bo

(adj) mischievous, inclinded to tease

szitál

to sift

▪jí ~ jít

(v) to sift


288


szita

sieve(s), strainer, bolter,

colander, cyclones, extractors,

haircloth, jig, plate

columns/towers, riddle,

separators, sifters

tŭṅ-šit, nŭṅ-šit

(n) a sieve

tŭṅ-šit hrăk

(v) to sift (as corn), to sieve

szó /ˈsoː/

word, term, vocable,

expression

szavak words; szana (arc)

word (CsSa1)

szól

to say, tell, speak, state, call,

chime, deal, plaz, ring (out),

run, sound, talk, toll, treat;

szólok I speak; szólj! speak!

szólt

spoke;

szolga

servant <word genesis re: to

king's command? also:

szorgalmas = hard-working; l

↔ r change is not uusual, even

expected>

szolgál

to serve, to be in service

szolgálat

service, ministration, serving

szorgos

hard-working, industrious

szorgalmas hard-working,

diligent, assiduous; szorgalom

application, assiduity,

diligence, industry, sedulity,

studiousness

šo4

(n) old Lepcha for book könyv, religion vallás; now co

*sŭk ◦ *tśŭk \ ▪jók

(n) a word

suṅ


speak" <suṅ = to speak = szól ♬ sol <sun>, soul and sole; (arc) word

szana ♬ sun <+ 'ah'>, and is a closer match to suṅ. A nice dialog

worthy of such an honorific word. >

▪sút

(n) message


289


▶segéd, kisérő, sípsor, torok,

esinál, eskű, kicsi, sekély,

szakáll

szónoklat

declamation, discourse,

harangue, oration, speech

parancs

order; parancsol to command

szókapcsolat

phrase; mondat sentence

szózat

(arc) speech; a Hungarian

poem, considered 2nd national

anthem (beside the Himnusz)

▶mond, száj/szám

▪línko

(n) speech, statement <^lingo^>

sŭk pót, tśŭk pót, tśŭk krók

(n) a sentence

tśŭk zăt, miṅ zăt

(n) a dictionary

való, valódi, valós real, actual,

concrete, positive, subtantive

szaval

to recite, acclaim, applaud,

declaim, hail, rant

szóvá tesz

to broach

szóval

in a word, and so; (lit) with a

word; (def) Élő beszéddel,

nem írva/jeladással; élőszóval

<with the living word> (CzF)

szól

to speak; szólok I speak

szólít

to address, call

vă, vá-m

(v) to protract a sound, give a long note, chant out

sŭk vă (IM)

<(v) to chant out/give out a word?>

sut, a-sut

(n) a sound, report, news, echo


290


szóváltás

argument, hassle, to squabble

szavát adja

plight, give one's word

adott szó

given word

szót (fogad)

(obey smb's) words

ige, igéret

▶torok

tśŭk zo ťap

(v) to give in a word, to add fuel to fire (in dispute)

tsót

(v) to introduce a subject of speech, to raise an argument

sút

(n) message

sző, szó to weave, web, spin;

woven; damask

> su hand kézfej; sujekh hands

kézfejek [HU] (Toth2)

szög

nail, angle, corner, bevel, claw,

hoof

szövés

weaving, weave; fabric

szövet

fabric, tissue, cloth, weft,

building

szövetség alliance, association,

convenant, union, federation,

club, corporation, fellowship,

fraternity, gild, league, society,

accord, agreement, coalition,

testament, confederacy

šok, šuk

(v) to join ends together, as anything divided or separate

a-šok

(n) the joining of anything

sór

(v) to weave


291


szövetkezés co-operation,

coalition, confederation,

fusion, partnership

> šagsig (wr. šag4-sig) weft

<(in weaving) loom's

crosswise threads over and

under which other threads

(the warp) are passed to make

cloth>; šukara carpenter; tool,

implement, utensil [SU]

(ePSD)

▶ács, szer, szű

szöcske

grasshopper

sŭk-kyó or să-kyó, sŭk-kyoṅ

(n) a grasshopper, field cricket genus Gryllus

szombat

Saturday <pre-CE day of

worship>

▶eskü

šo-mat

(v) to exercise religion

szomj

thirst

szomjas

thirsty, thirsting, dry

szomjan

of thirst

szomjúság thirst, ambition

su, su-m

(v) to be hot, pungent, as pepper; to be fiery <fury>, as spirit or as

person; to roar as wind or waters, to rattle as rain, to roar as sound in

subterraneous passage

sám tí

(adj) magnanimous, ambitious

szop|ik

(v) to suck(le), nurse

háp

(v) to suck


292


szór

(v) allocate, apportion, distribute,

administer, deal (out), give out,

drizzle, spill, pour, diffuse,

disperse, eject, except, exclude,

exempt, fling, pitch, throw, strew,

sprinkle, scatter

szét szór

(v) to scatter

▪shól

(v) to scatter

čór

(v) to pour

šăṅ, šóṅ

(v) to scatter, disperse

szórakoz

szórakoztató entertaining,

fun, amusing, cheering,

enjoyable, pleasure

sám kót

(v) to be satisfied

szörny /ˈsørɲyː/ (n)

monster, abnormality, colossus,

monstrosity

▶szöny, szenny

szörnyű ☐ /ˈsørɲyː/

terrible, horrible, heinous,

hideous, ghastly, awful,

atrocious, dreadful, grisly,

gruesome, terror, appalling,

morbid, nasty, repellant

szöny

gremlin; (syn) gonosz manó,

gonosz szellem (KiGa)

sŭr

(v) to be affected (as with disease)

*sŭr-nó

(n) (envy, avarice) used to mean 'hatred' <Magyar word changed

from jealousy-based to more fearful loathing>


293


szű

(arc, reg-Székely) heart; (syn)

szív; "Mert szűnek bőségéből

szól szá" (azaz száj. Münch.

cod. Lukács. VI.). "Kik a jó

szűben hallván az igét

megtartják. (Lukács. VIII.).

Közbeszurt v-vel is "Te

szűvednek kevélsége

magasztatott fel tégedet."

(Bécsi cod. Abdias). (CzF)

szűz

virgin(al), maiden, vestal;

Virgo

szűzi

chaste, pure, virginal

szűzies

chaste, maiden, pure, vestal

> suchazara holy tale szent

monda; suchü holy, timeless

szent, örök; suchütin sanctify

megszentelni; sugijimé

csodaszarvas [HU] (Toth2)

sut

(v) purify

szül

to bear, give birth, deliver,

bring forth, give rise to, create,

teem, engender

sŭ-lŭṅ yŭ

sŭ-lŭṅ yŭ nă-groṅ nyo

(pn) the goddess of conception

szűn

(arc) [some activity] stop(s),

end(s)

szünet

pause, break, recess,

intermission, holiday, hiatus,

rest, stop, cease, lull, silence,

◦zum

(v) to take rest in sleep, spend or passtime in sleep, an honorific

word for dá-lie (in a recumant position) (LEED)

sám met

(adj) inanimate


294


halt, entr’acte, respite, stand,

time-out

szundít

nap snooze

szunnyad

to lie dormant, slumber

sám tsam

(v) to restrain the thoughts, to be dry

▪Sungnyít

<(ppn) cave near Sakyóng Pentóng where Mânsalóng, a spiritual

being who appeared from the snowy mountains and mentored the

Lepcha, slept; the cave still shows marks of people having slept

there> >>maszlag>>

*sŭṅ

(n) a relation, a story

sŭṅ ríṅ

(n) relation, history <a szűn-ing of time?>

szúnyog ☑ való.besenyő

(n) mosquito, gnat <small, black

flying insect pest>

sŭm-bryoṅ

(n) the common fly

szurdok

(n) notch, canyon, defile, glen,

gorge, gulch, ravine

sŭr, a-sŭr

(n) a plait, wrinkle, plicature, pucker

lyaṅ sŭr

(n) ravined ground, a ravine

szüret

harvest, vintage

szűrő

sieve, filter(s out), separate

out, strain(er), sifter, colander,

screen

szüredék

szürenkedik

▶eke, kurta

a-ăyek tu-tsát

(n) the harvest-time <a-ăyek = to reap>


295


szúrós hrún

(adj) hot, warm spicy <su-hrún(IM)?>

su, su-m

(v) to be hot, pungent, as pepper; to be fiery <fury>, as spirit or as

person; to roar as wind or waters, to rattle as rain, to roar as sound in

subterraneous passage

T

tábor /ˈtaːbor/

camp, campsite, encampment,

lager, side, military camp

▶törzs

fă-vor

(n) a great assembly

▪thyók

(n) shelter

tag ☐

member, element, fellow

tag csöpp(IM)

small fellow

tagol

divide (smg) into (parts,

chapters, etc.); articulate,

enunciate clearly

▶terjed, ide

▪tagrí

(n) a man <tagó, tudó?>

tagrikup

(n) a boy

tiṅ1

(v) 1) to separate, divide, disunite, disjoin; 2) (n) to be in parts, to be

partially (smg)

tág

wide, broad, capacious, large,

loose, slack, vast; tág

landa(IM) wide/vast land

táj /ˈtaːj/

landscape, region, scene(ry),

clime, country, land, part,

quarter

tă-

(pre) [compare to] ti high, great

tă-lyaṅ

(n) 'the high place,' the sky, the firmament, the heavens; atmosphere

<lyaṅ = land; [HU] landa szárazföld>

nă-var tă-lí

(n) the oar of a ship <nă-var=boat, tă-li = oar, shovel, spoon>


296


tájékozódik

to orient (oneself), orientate,

get/find one's bearings

▶tál, talaj, túlvilág

tă-lí kól

(v) literally to insert a spoon into; to have a stitch in side as from

running

tak*1

to cover, wrap, coat

<overspread>; (syn) födél,

burkolás, tek, teknő; (cog)

tego, tectum, tegumen [LN]

(CzF)

takar ☐

to cover, (over)lap, overlay,

hide; to bestrew, scatter

takaró

cover, blanket, (agr) surface

takarodik

to run away, make onself

scarce, scram, do a houdini,

decamp, bugger off, abscond,

buzz off, bolt, take to one's

heels

takarmány

fodder, forage, provender,

feed(stuff), food for animals,

bait

tŭk

(v) to cover over; to overspread, as place with clouds, to fall in an

overspreading manner

tŭk-bo

(pn) the coverer, the over-spreading deity; title of

Ta-še (Padmasambhava)

taknyos

snot, snivel, snotty, (+) takony

mucus, drip; taknyos kölyök

puppy

taknyosodik

be (acting) snotty

tücsök

tŭk-nóm, típ-nóm

(adj) nose to be stuffed as with cold

tŭk-nyóm



297


cricket, grasshopper <crickets

known for their rhythmic song

taktus beat>

szöcske

grasshopper

sáska ☐ /ˈʃaːʃkɒ/

locust(s), grasshopper(s),

mantis, Acrididae, cricket

kabóca /ˈkɒboːtsɒ/

cicada(s), jassids, cicala, (leaf-,

plant-) hoppers,

Auchenorrhyncha,

Cicadellidae, Fulgoroidea

<known to swarm, overspread

an area ▶ takar, kabát>

▶töm, sás*, szít, sark

<adding 'y' = cause of (ie:) cricket/locust the cause of snottiness?; (bib)

locust years are referred to as wasted years (of sinful living)>

tŭr-nyóm

(n) a cricket

sŭk-kyó or să-kyó, sŭk-kyoṅ


takács

(n) weaver

ťók

(v) to weave

taktus

to beat <^techno^>

tik-tak

(n) tick tock (sound of ticking

clock)

▶csinvat, ütem, tele

ťok


tik3

(v) to be completed as time, be expired, be finished

tál /ˈtaːl/

(n) bowl, vessel, platter, basin,

dish, sink

tálal

(v) to dish, serve (up)

tă-lí

(n) a shovel, spoon

tă-lí kól

(v) literally to insert a spoon into; to have a stitch in side as from

running <tál-al-kol?>


298


▶táj, tányér fyŭ tál

(v) to take pot off of fire <fyŭ föző = small cooking vessel>

talaj

(n) land, soil, earth, ground, dirt


[SA-HU] (VAA)

▶tarló, tanya, lány

lyáng

(n) soil, earth, land

talp

(n) sole, base of the foot, stem

talapzat

(n) leg, pedestal, plinth,

underside

telep /ˈtɛlɛp/

(n) site, locality, estate, place,

plantation, bed, settlement, spot,

yard, venue; battery (port. device

power source)

tábla /ˈtaːblɒ/

(n) board, panel, cake (block of

solid material), (black-, chalk-,

white-)board, plate, table, bar,

pane, plank, tablet, slab

tabletta

(n) pill, pellet, tablet, lozenge

*tíṅ, šap-tíṅ

(n) the heel (honorific language)

tă-lep

(adj) a thin plate of anything, a flat piece of

kuṅ tă-lep

(n) a flat plate of wood <kuṅ fa tree; kéreg = bark, trimmings>

táltos

(n) shaman, medicine-man ●

látós seer

*tó4

(n) a mark, sign, token, characteristic, an evidence of, indication of


299


tan

(n) study, doctrine, lore, precept,

tenet ● tanít to teach, instruct ●

tanító teacher, instructive,

master ● tanogat (arc, def) slow,

continously forward-moving,

gentle teaching (as one would

with a child, novice) (CsF) ▶nógat

tanács

(n) (arc) tanálcs advice, counsel,

tip ● tanácsom my advice,

counsel, tip, view

◦tan nyimboo

(adj) instructive: serving to instruct or inform; conveying instruction,

knowledge, or information; meaningful; full of meaning and

significant

◦tan taom

(n) proverb: a wise saying or precept; a particular principle taught or

advocated; doctrine; advice; counsel

tanú

(n) witness, evidence, test

▶

Isten

(pn) God

Thana

(n) (Noah's grandson, Japhet's

son, Nemrut's father) Noé Noah

→ Jáfet Japheth → Thana →

Ménrót Nemrut

◦tan to

(n) experience: a particular instance of personally ecountering or

undergoing something; the observing, encountering, or undergoing

of things generally as they occur in the course of time; knowledge or

practical wisdom gained from what one has discovered, encoutered

or undergone <(ent) Tanto was the Lone Ranger’s tanú, sidekick>

tanulmány

(n) study, knowledge

> tuedum tanulmány, lecke;

tuedatum tanitás [SA-HU] (VAA)

◦tan to maat

(n) experiment: a test or trial; an act or operation for the purpose of

discovering something unknown; the conducting of such operations;

(v) to try or test in order to find something out <^tantamount^>

tanya

homestead, grange, haunt,

ranch, farm(-stead), station,

abode, den


[SA-HU] (VAA)

tam

(n) level spot

tiṅ

(n) the plains, flat country <(opp) rók the hills>


300


tanyáz

(v) to homestead; establish a

temporary foothold residence:

hunters in the forest, fishermen

near the shore, shepherds among

pastures, grasslands, woodlands.

Thieves homestead in secret caves

(CzF) ▶maszlag

köteg /ˈkøtɛɡ/

(n) batch, bundle, band; bog

(reg-Erd) thumb, gnarl; more,

bundle (SaAt)

tanyasaraglya

(n) bay/partition used to protect

sheep at night, or when sheering;

(syn) rekesz rack, kosár basket,

(reg-Erd) esztena (CzF)

▶göngyöl

⚑ Nagy-Tany town; Kis-Tany

prairie in Komárom county (CzF)

▶talp, göngyöl

▪tíng

(v) to separate

▪tíngmú

(n) plainsman

▪táng

(n) csomag bundle <^tangle^>

▪tángko

(n) <tanya>kosár basket

tányér ☑ olasz ‘taglier’ cutting

board /ˈtaːɲeːr/

plate, dish, disk, platter, table

tŭṅ-nyer /tɯŋɲer/, tŭk-nyer /tɯkɲer/

(n) a large bowl (close-platied basketwork) for holding the grain of

chi

táp

(animal) nutrition

táplál

to feed, nourish, nurture,

nurse

▶ápol, ló

ta-čo

(n) a horse's food, grain

ta-mel, ta-pán

(n) a groom, horsekeeper


301


tárgy /ˈtaːrɟ/

(n) object, subject, theme, topic,

matter, thing, subject-matter,

accusative, chose, purport, score

téma /ˈteːmɒ/

(n) theme, topic, subject, text,

matter, argument, conversation,

issue, object

tárgyal /ˈtaːrɟɒl/

(n) to negotiate, confer, discuss,

broker, palaver, hear

tárgyilagos

(adj) detached, dispassionate,

impartial, objective, unbiased

▶történet, termés, szám

▪thám

(n) thing, object

tarka

(v) variegated, multi-colored,

checkered

tŭk-mar

(adj) spotted

tart

(v) to hold, keep, maintain, last,

continue, endure, consider, keep

(on/up), persist, sustain, wear,

apologize, assure, bear, catch,

capture, fear, deliver, go on, have,

hunt, preserve, make for, proceed,

reckon, regard, seek, support,

tend, think, take, trend, uphold

tartósít

(v) to can, conserve, preserve

tartózkod|ik

(v) to forbear, stay, abide, abstain,

beware, bide, dwell, sit, eschew,

keep, live, lodge

▪ta

(v) to bear, endure


302


tartó /ˈtɒrtoː/

(n) beam, bin, bracket, carrier,

case, hold(er), horse, jack, joist,

keeper, mount, rack, rail, stand,

stay, support

tátos

(n) 1) folk fairytale horse with

delightful properties; 2) jokingly

said of a skinny, unkempt bow-

legged horse. népmesebeli ló,

bűbájos tulajdonságokkal;

tréfásan, sovány, borzas,

horgaslábu ló. (PoFe)

▶táj, táv, ter, táltos

ta

(n) a horse

DO-TA-PU

(n) Stone Horse, a rock shrine below the Do-drul Chorten (Stupa)

near Gangtok

talachi

(n) a Sikkim dance: "It is fabled that a king once lost his favourite

horse. A search party was sent to look for the royal steed. As they

proceed along the solitary path amidst hills and forests, the searchers

sang lively songs and danced ending the monotony of their long

sojourn." (visitsikkim.com)

-tat, -tet

(suf) to make, to have (cause smg

by command); (def) causative

suffix added to verb creating a

verb meaning to let, make

somebody do smg; ie, olvas to

read → olvastat to make smb

read smg

mat

(v) to do, make, act <follows verb, ex: rŭm mat = to offer>

tat /ˈtɒt/

(n) (nau) stern (the rear or aft

part of a ship), poop; tata (hum)

uncle (old man)

valag ☐ /ˈvɒlɒɡ/

(n) ass, butt(ocks); (syn) fenék,

ülep; org meaning: (arc) vulva;

(syn) női szeméremtest;

megṅito (1416) (UMESz)

⚑ Anyadwaloga (1493) Zala

megyei falu helynév

(Feltételezik, hogy a nevet az

Ulászló-párti Kanizsai Imre

adatta a család V. László

▪tá

(n) pudenda muliebria <(ana) vulva, outer female genitals>

▪tă-băk

(n) womb

vyam-lă, fă-vya-lă, fŭm vyam-lă

(n) open-mouthed, as basket with a short folding front


303


oldalán álló másik ágának

bosszantására) (WIKI)

▶kurva

táv

(n) distance, space

táv-

(pre) tele-

távcső

(n) telescope, binoculars, glass,

spy-glass, field-glasses

távlat

(n) perspective, prospect, vista

távol

(adv) away, far, afar, afield, aloof,

distant, deep, far away/off, forth,

off, way, wide, yonder

tavaly /ˈtɒvɒj/

(n) yesteryear, last year, previous

year

▶tova, táj, tartó

▪tabá, tábá

(adv) up there, there above

nă-var

(n) a boat, a ship; see also *kru <küld, körül>

nă-var kŭ

(v) to manage a boat, to cause the ship to sail

nă-var tă-lí

(n) the oar <evező> of a ship

tavasz spring (season)

băṅ, a-băṅ

(n) the bottom of anything, root, base, foundation; the beginning, the

source, the spring

tégla

(n) brick

lăṅ tă-lep

(n) a flat plate of stone


304


tehén

(n) cow, bovine, bullock, ox, steer,

kine

tulok ☐

(n) bullock; ◷ 1291-4: ⚑ Tulukd

’(fiatal) ökör, esetleg

tehén;1395: tuluk; 1440:

Thwlok; 1519: twlkoth,

twlýkoknak, tujok, tulak;

1792: nagy tábla kősó; 1886: a

szarvas-marhával rokon,

vadon élő állatfajta (UMESz)

púpos tulok

(n) Brahman, zebu, humped bull,

indicine cattle, Bos taurus

indicus; (def) Thought to be

derived from Wild Asian aurochs

which disappeared Civilisation

from its range in the Indus River

basin, other parts of S Asia

during the time of the Indus

Valley possibly. Archaeological

evidence including pictures on

pottery and rocks suggest that the

species were present in Egypt

around 2000BC and were thought

to be imported from the near east

or south. (WIKI)

őstulok, bölény

(n) aurochs; (def) The extinct

European bison, ancestor of

domestic cattle.

▶tunya, tér

▪thámcâng

(n) állat animal <thám = termék, thámcâng termék állat > <^angus^>

tă-lóm

(n) tehén cow <'Tung-bór’/innuendo type; Mainw. Grammar 131>

tej

(n) milk

tó

(n) buttermilk

tek*2 = tök globular, rotund,

round; (syn) gömbölyű (CzF)

tŭk

(v) to overspread...to fall in an overspreading manner


305


teke ☐

(n) orb, bowl(ing), ball, sphere

> theke gömb; thekild

gömbölyű [HU-Iszfahani]

(DeCs)

teknősbéka

(n) turtle, tortoise, terrapin <personifies water, the moon, the

Earth, time, immortality, fertility,

creation; bears burden of the

whole world: in cosmological

myths of several cultures a World

Turtle carries the world upon its

back or supports the heavens> (WIKI)

teker to ball, twist, wind,

wriggle

tekéz

tekézés

földteke

égteke

▶tak, szekér, Göncölszekér

tŭk-nóṅ

(v) to roll up (as hedgehog) <nóṅ = -ong -ing>

tă-klak, tŭṅ-klak, tŭr-klak

(n) circumference, periphery; (adj) around, circumambient, circular

<tŭṅ=tenyér + klak=kering>

telér

(n) lead, load, seam

▶táltos

mó-să tó

(n) the scar of wound <mó-să = megsért wound>

telí

(n) full ● telíhold full moon ●

telít saturate, imbue, steep, prime

tele full, stuff, complete, replete

teljen (let it become) full/come to

an end/close

teljes

(adj) whole, total, all, gross,

complete

tă-lí

(n) a shovel, spoon; an oar <smg you fill (w/dirt, water…)>

tel

(v) to be ended, finished, terminated

hel

(v) to fill

tyáṅ

(adj) the whole, total; all, every


306


tél winter <seasonal cycle

completed in winter?>

telik /ˈtɛlik/

(v) to elapse, go (by), pass, take

eltelik

(v) to elapse, pass (away), expire

lel

(v) to complete

tik3

(v) to be completed as time, be expired, be finished

a-tik

(n) completion

tenger

(n) sea, ocean

> tal (wr. tal2) (to be) broad,

expand [SU] (ePSD)

▪talyádâ

(n) sea, ocean

tény

(n) fact, deed, reality

◦tan

(n) meaning, that which is intended to be, or actually is, expressed or

indicated; signification; smg expressed or indicated by smg; purpose,

intention

tenyér

(n) palm, flat/hollow of hand

▶homorú, horony, talp

tŭṅ, a-tŭṅ

(n) the cushion of hand, the heel of foot

tepsi /ˈtɛpʃi/

(n) baking pan, oven pan, sheet,

tin, pan, roasting pan

▶süt

ťam-sŭ

(n) an oven, litly. "a baking thing" <sŭ süt to bake>


307


tér /ˈteːr/

(n) square, space, place, plaza,

field, room, appointment,

capacity, clearing, esplanade,

ground, job, locale, location,

market, office, position, post,

range, scope, site, spot, station,

stretch, venue

termék

(n) product, produce, commodity

termel /ˈtɛrmɛl/

(v) to grow, produce, bear, crop,

generate, mother, put out, rear

terem /ˈtɛrɛm/

(n) room, hall, chamber; to

produce, bear, bring forth, teem,

yield; born

teremtő

(n) creator

termés

(n) bearing, berry, crops, fruit,

growth, harvest, produce, yield

termény

(n) product(s), fruit, produce

természet /ˈtɛrmeːsɛt/

(n) nature, fibre, character,

disposition, grain, mettle,

temperament, wildlife

▶tárgy, történ

▪thám

(n) thing, object tárgy

▪thám lí

(n) plant növény

▪thámbóng

(n) seed csíra <sziklevél = csíralevél>

▪thám pót

(n) fruit bogyó, kompót?

▪thámbík

(n) insect bogár

▪thámbu

(n) worm nyű, kukac

▪thámcâng

(n) animal kan <boar, buck, male>

▪thangkú

(n) tobacco tubák <dohány, (arc) burnót>

térd

(n) knee

térdig

(adv) down to (your/their) knees

tŭk-păt

(n) the knee

tŭr-diṅ kă-diṅ

(n) deep pit <térden-kezen mászol benne?>


308


terjed

(v) spread, diffuse, augment, be

propogated, catch on, circulate,

cover, extend, part, proliferate,

range, reach, run, separate,

stretch, travel

terjedelem

(n) bulk, dimension, size, scope,

breadth, extent, range, scale,

measure, quantity, volume,

compass, expanse, latitude,

magnitude, purview, reach

terjengős

(adj) copious, diffuse, large,

lengthy

terjeng csúcs (IM)

(adj) continuously spreading,

proliferating peak

terel

(v) to steer, drive, propel,

shepherd

▶tag, ide

tiṅ1

(v) 1) to separate, divide, disunite, disjoin; 2) (n) to be in parts, to be

partially (smg)

▪mryóm

(v) to spread over the ground, creep

Tendong Chyu (Spr1)

(ppn) The Deluge, The (Biblical) Flood

tető

(n) roof, top, cap, hood, crown

tetőt félre! (IM)

(imp) take off cap!

tetőt tedd! (IM)

(imp) put on cap!

▶takar

tŭk-tŭk

(n) a cap, hat

tŭk-tŭk fyul

(v) to take off cap

tŭk-tŭk tŭk

(v) to put on cap

▪tabá, tábá

(adv) up there, there above


309


tetőfok

(n) high-tide, acme, peak

tetőfok csúcs(IM)

high-tide peak

tsót

(v) to inundate, to flood, to delluge; (n) inundation

Tendong Chyu ✝ (Spr1)

(ppn) The Deluge, The (Biblical) Flood

teve

(n) camel, dromedary

ta

(n) a horse

tigris

(n) tiger

tí1, tí-m

(v) to be great, large, big; be grand, noble; expresses comparative and

superlative degree 'better, greater, higher, much, very'; (adj) the

great, high, upper, etc.

tiszt

(n) officer, duty, honor

tiszta

(adj) clean, pure, clear, sinless,

sole, unadalterated, immaculate,

white

tisztít

(v) to clean, purify, launder

tisztel

(v) to respect

tí 1, tí-m




▪ti

(num) zero <(syn) nulla nothing: pure, untainted, immaculate>

tă, tá

(adj) solitary, alone

tă-tá

(v) to be solitary, alone, single, desolate

tu ~ tut

(v) to wash, cleanse

tímre

(v) to respect


310


≈ Tisza

(pn) one of Europe’s main rivers;

once called “the most Hungarian

river” because it flowed entirely

within the Kingdom of Hungary (WIKI)

▶tér, terjed

≈ Tista, Teesta (Rangnyung)

(pn) large river running through Sikkim; Bhotians call it Tsang-chhu

'pure water;' original name given it by the Lepchas: Rangnyung 'the

great straight-going water' [EN, BH, LX]

titok

(n) secret

tí1, tí-m

(v) to be great, large, big, grand, noble

ťok


tí-mă tí-kă

(adj) great

tíz

(n) 10, ten ● tiz tíz ten; tiz hen

tizen- -teen [SA-HU] (VAA)

tizen-

-teen <(pre) forms numbers 11-

19> ● tizenéves teenage(r),

adolescent, juvenile, youth

tizenegy

11, eleven ● tizenegyes

penalty (free) kick in soccer ●

tizenegyszög

(n) hendecagon, 11-gon,

undecagon, endecagon; (def) a

plane figure with eleven straight

sides and angles <looks like an

umbrella>

tizes

ten, decimal

▪kă-tí, kati

(num) tíz ten <kă- (suff) used to designate numbers + tí tíz ten>

▪tháp

<(suf) tizen- -teen; [LX]: 11-19; [EN]: 13-19>

▪kát tháp

(num) tizenegy eleven


311


tő

(n) stem, base, root; vine-stock

tönk

(n) stump, block ● rönk stump

kéreg

(n) (tree) bark; (rel) csonk

kéreg boml|ik(IM)

(lit) bark decay/stump

rönköly

(adj) (obs) squat, stocky man;

timber; billets; log; clay piece (KiGa)

tőke

(n) capital, principal, assets

fő tönk(IM)

(n) chief root ● fatönk tree log,

stump <életfa tree of life?>

▶fő, fa, kör, kerek, kiállás,

sark

*tíṅ

(n) the heel (honorific language)

▪ʔákíng

(n) front

▪kúng

(n) tree <king király?>

▪kúngbóng

(n) tree stump

tí krók

(v) to be very great, be [reknown], celebrated, proud

fadongthing

(n) first Lepcha man/god (aka Tukbothing or Tasheything)

bomlik ☐

(v) to decay, dissolve

tönk

(n) stump, block, billet, butt,

oblivion, trunk ● tönkre- decay

tönkremenés doom, ruin, wrack,

wrecking

tönkrejutás

(v) to fall

rongál

(v) damage, mar, abuse, batter,

impair <gradual, sustained abuse,

ie. daily> (CzF) ● rongálódik

to get damaged ● rongálás

abuse, injury, defacement,

impairement, dilapidation; waste

bong

(n) resting place

▪dryop

(n) ruin

tŭṅ2

(v) to fall, generally applied by L's to children <when they're learning

to walk, etc.>

▪ro

(v) to fear

▪róng

(v) to wait <róng also = Lepcha>


312


▶lő, lök, ront

▪róngjíng

(adv) daily

tó, tő

(n) lake, body of fresh water ● lák

(reg-Erd) lake, marsh

tava tó lake [SA-HU] (VAA)

tavak

(n) lakes ● tavacska pond, pool,

lakelet, mere ● tavi lacustrine (of,

relating to, or associated with

lakes)

tópart /ˈtoːpɒrt/ (n) lakeshore,

bank, beach

▶patak, üreg, víz, csatorna

ťó, dă-ťó

(n) a large expanse, a sea of water

▪dâ [də]

(n) lake

ŭṅ tŭk-vuk

(n) a pool, puddle

ŭṅ tŭk-pól

(n) a moat

▪dâpúk

(n) shore

több more, several, multiple, a

few, better, more than, plus,

some

legtöbb most, maximum,

utmost, majority; (reg-

Számoshati) lektöp (CsBa)

telbet többet more [SA-HU] (VAA)

tí1




tök (vegetable) marrow;

pumpkin, squash; (cards)

diamonds; (vul) balls; dead

kă-ťór (←rev)

(n) species of pumpkin


313


tok case, capsule, case, casing,

holder, holster, husk, pod,

sheath, skin, socket, sturgeon,

boll

▶tyúk, aj

tók2

(n) a hollow in which birds chiefly make their nest

fyŭ tyăk

(n) a small vessel

tokány /ˈtokaːɲ/ stew; (def)

strips of meat stewed with

fried onion, black pepper,

marjoram; a kind of pörkölt

that does not contain paprika

and has less sauce

▶csomó, koma

čóm, a-čóm

(n) a stew

čóm, čam

(v) to be clustered

čam

(v) to be in clusters, be grouped together as trees, be thickly

branched, be in heaps

a-čam

(adj) clustered, grouped; (n) a group

tökéletes

perfect, ideal, accomplished,

straightforward, flawless,

absolute, clean, common,

complete, finished, genuine,

masterly, mere, pure, real,

thorough, true

tökély

excellence, perfection

▶teker

tí krók

(v) to be very great, be [reknown], celebrated, proud

▪klo

(adj) straightforward

tŭr-klak tŭr-ṅum

(n) a perfect periphery; a course, round, long compass, high degree of

perfection

-tól, -tó'

> óta

> ott, ottan, odább, aztat

> táv-(ol), táj

> tavaj

-tă

(suff) forms the imperative 2nd person of indefinites.

(tă)

(adv) pronom. root "there"

tă-ă, tă-á, tă-a, tă-o

(adv) that, that there


314


tă-o da-bo

(adv) that lying there

tă-van

(adv) thither, hither

toll /ˈtolː/

(n) feather ● tollú feathered ●

tollas feathery

fo, fo yŭ

(n) madár bird

tölt /ˈtølt/

(v) to pour, fill, pass, charge,

dump, line, load, put in, spend

töltelék stuffing, filling

▶telít

tă-lí

(n) a shovel, spoon; an oar

típ

(v) to be stopped up as nostril, pipe, drain, tube and such like; (v) to

pour out the water from rice after boiling, to strain off

töm /ˈtøm/

(v) to fill, stuff, cram

tömb

(n) block, boulder, chump, chunk,

lump, mass, array, unit, slug

*tóm

(adj) full

tóm-lă blyăn

(v) to fill; (n) full

tömörít

(v) to compact, compress,

condense

tan byí

(v) to shorten

tompa

(adj) dull, obtuse, deaf

tompult

(adj) torbid, lazy, dull, slothful

▪nyúrpang

(adj) deaf

ťam-pa-tá

(n) a vain, useless thing


315


tör ☐/ˈtøːr/

(v) to break, refract, crash,

fracture, grind, mill, smash

törő /ˈtørøː/

(v) breaking, pounding, cracking;

pestle, pounder, (nut) cracker

mozsártörő

(n) pestle

tőr

(n) dagger, dirk, knife, poniard,

pit, snare, trap, whinger

▶törzs, kés

tiṅ-rí

(n) the stone for rubbing or grinding things with, a sort of pestle

törekszik

(v) to aim, aspire (to/after), covet,

desire earnestly, pursue, seek

▶abajgat

▪dryák

(v) to pursue, chase

torok <^talk^>

(n) throat, throttle, gorge, maw,

boot ● torkos gluttonous <'long'

craving/eating> ● torkosság

gluttony

torkolat

(n) confluence, mouth, estuary

torony

(n) tower <has a long 'neck'>

▶gólya, kösz

tŭk-tok, tok-[tok]

(n) neck

trókchí

(say) thank you

▪thri

(n) throne

törpe

(n) dwarf, evil sprite, (hob)goblin

po rop

(n) name of evil spirit


316


történelem /ˈtørteːnɛlɛm/

(n) history, past, account, story,

historical aspects, (fairy) tale

▶tárgy

▪thámdun

(n) tale

törzs

(n) clan, tribe, stem, trunk, body,

phylum, waist, ethnicity, kin,

staff, corpus, division, fuselage,

frustum, hull, shaft, shank,

strain, stump, stub, shank, stalk

tyr törzs (társadalmi

szerkezet) clan [SA-HU] (VAA)

törés

(v) to breach; kitör to break

out/loose, erupt, ejaculate,

explode, flare up, spout

▶tör, tábor

putsho

(n) clan or family

*zu

(n) body

thór

(v) to escape

thyór

(v) to set free

tova

(adv) (obs) far off/away, yonder

tovább

(adv) further, on(ward); longer,

more, (go) forth

továbbít

(adv) forward, onward,

propogate, pass on, convey, relay,

send on, translate, transmit

továbbítás

(n) conveyance, transmission

◦dun1

(n) front, foremost part or surface of anything, place or position

directly before anything; (adj) of or pertaining to the front, situated in

or at the front

◦dun2

(v) to tell, give an account or narrative of, relate a story, tale, etc., to

make known by speech or writing a fact, news information, etc.,

announce, proclaim, express thoughts, feelings, etc., to reveal or

divulge smg secret or private, to inform or apprise a person of

something, narrate, describe

◦dun baam

(n) an account of happenings, events, circumstances, etc., relating a

story, tale, etc.

◦dun boo

(n) teller, narrator, one who relates, communicates


317


▶táv, táj, Duna

tud, tudni

(v) to know, be able to, can,

understand, ken, apprehend,

comprehend, be apprised of,

grasp, savvy, tell, told, wit

tudomány

(n) science, art, knowledge

tudás /ˈtudaːʃ/

(n) knowledge, science,

aquaintence, habit, learning,

practice

> hatin tudni vmt (possibilis

értelemben) to know something

(in a possibilities sense) [SA-

HU] (VAA)

ťam-bór, tŭṅ-bór

(n) apparatus, instrumentality

(ki)tudakoz (arc), (ki)tudakol

(v) to consult, query <others to

ascertain smg> "Tőlem ne

tudakold, mert magam sem

tudom." (CzF) ● tudakozó

information, inquiry ●

tudakozás (arc), tudakolás

consultation ● tudakozódik

(arc), megtudakol,

megtudakozik to ascertain,

inquire; "Megtudakozik

életökrel azaz életökről."

Nádor-codex (CzF)

tudakozódás

(n) inquiry, poll, survey tudakozólag, tudakozásképen,

tudakozó minőségben

tŭṅ-bór-nŭn zuk

(v) to effect by mechanical power <enquiry = finding knowledge via

exertion, i.e. one's mechanical power>


318


tükör

(n) mirror

▪dryándo

(adv) equal to ▶(rel:) tő, törekszik

túl

(adv) too, beyond, over, across,

past

> tian menny heaven [CH] (UmZi)

<Tihany?> > tular határ

boundary [EK] (MaAl)

túlvilág

(n) after-life, beyond, next world,

(lit) beyond world

túlvilág kör

(n) (lit) beyond world sphere

túlvi-túlsó (IM)

(phr) (lit) far from the beyond

túllép

(v) to exceed, excel, (sur)pass,

top, outdo, overstop, overrun

túlnani

(adv) across

▶tiszt

thúl

(adv) high above

tă-

(pre) [compare to] ti high, great

tă-lyaṅ

(n) "the high place," the sky, firmament, heavens; atmosphere

tă-lyaṅ kor

(n) the expanse of heaven

tŭr-bí, tŭr-ví

(n) the regions beyond the earth

tŭr-ví tŭr-šok

(n) the extremities of the earth, the junction of the east and regions

beyond

▪thep

(adj) extra, additional, successive

tulipán

(n) tulip

ťam-bor

(n) a flower

bor

(v) to bloom, blossom (as flower); to flourish, prosper

tündér

(n) fairy, faerie, fay, genie, pixie,

sprite, elf, sylph

tŭṅ-la

(adj) bright, dazzling, beautiful


319


tündöklő

(adj) splendid, glorious,

gorgeous, gleaming

Tündérrózsa

(n) (lit) fairy rose, waterlily;

Nymphaea genus (from Hellene:

shrine dedicated to a nymph,

minor female deity associated

with water, forests)

kitűnő

(adj) excellent, exquisite, great,

brilliant, transcendant, lovely,

sterling

kitüntető

(adj) honorable

Tundi ♀ Hungarian female

given name

tŭṅ-kuṅ tŭṅ-la

(n) beautiful rainbow

tŭṅ-kuṅ tŭṅ-la mit

(n) nymphs

tí-m

(v) to be great, large, big, grand, noble

tím-bo, tím-mo

(adj) a great man or thing; great, large, mighty, etc.

tí-mă tí-kă

(adj) great

pŭn-dí

(n) a queen

tüntet

(v) to demonstrate

▪nyet

(v) to show, demonstrate; (num) two <kettő>

tunya

(adj) inactive, indolent, lazy,

slow, inert, laggard, languid,

slack, slothful, sluggard, sluggish,

torpid; bovine tehén

tunyálkod|ik

(v) languish <tönkre-kop|ik>

tunyálkodás slowness,

sluggishness

tunyálkodásó ember(IM) slow

person ● tuny-kop-(á)só

ember(IM) slow person

▶kop, kés, lomha, dulakodás,

tehén, tő

tŭṅ-kyop

(adj) slow <tŭṅ2 to fall tönk + kyop to be slow kop>

tŭṅ-kyop-să mă-ró

(n) a slow person


320


tűr

(v) to endure, suffer, bear ● tűrve

with endurance ● tűrvén

enduringly ● tűrés latitude,

allowance, endurance, tolerance,

sufferance

> türe-kü [MA ejt] tűr endures,

suffers [MO] (VaCs3)

túr

(n) dig, dug, root

▶tör

Turve-Punu ♔ (RNT)

(ppn) "Lepcha King of Giddey hills at Kurseong; ruled ~540 yrs ago

<as of 1988> by which period they had entered into Sikkim"

▪dú ~ dún

(v) to dig

túró

(n) quark, curd, (cottage) cheese

čú

(n) sajt cheese

turul

(n) hawk, Hungarian

mythological bird

túlrol

(adv) (from the) beyond

> šúr-dùmušen (trained) falcon

(fierce + to work) [SU] (JaHa)

> tugul (wr. ĝeštu-gul) a part

of a boat? [SU] (ePSD)

▶sólyom, túl

tŭṅ-kí \\ ◦tung ke

(n) the sparrow-hawk, Accipiter nisus; acc to W. 'ting-kyi' a spec.

hawk, Astur badius or a spec. falcon, Cernchneis <kerecseny?>

tinunculus \\ (n) hawk, diurnal birds of the prey family Falconidae,

as the falcons, kites, etc., esp. the short-winged, long-tailed aceiiteos,

falcon peregrinus

⚑ Tŭn-Róṅ N part of a hill in Sikkim NE from …{FIX}

◦ka lyoo tung ki

(n) a species of the diurnal birds of prey, Falconidae limnaetus


321


Ty

tyúk /ˈcuːk/ ☑ Ótörök

(n) hen; csirke chicken; (arc) tik,

tyk, tyik; gyakoribb a tik (GoZo)

tikmony, tyukmony

(n) (reg-Erd) egg (laying); hen

droppings (SaAt)

tyúkülő

(n) roost

toj|ik /ˈtojik/

(v) to lay (eggs)

tojás /ˈtojaːʃ/

(n) egg(s), ovum, stone

tojó

(n) hen, layer (of eggs)

tok ☐

(n) sturgeon, boll, capsule, case,

casing, holder, holster, husk, pod,

sheath, skin, socket ● tojáshéj

eggshell

tojássárgája /ˈtojaːʃːaːrɡaːjɒ/

(n) (egg) yolk, vitellus, yellow,

ægergeolu; (lit) egg's yellow ●

pete /ˈpɛtɛ/, petesejt ovum, egg

(cell), ova, spawn, oocytes,

ovule(s), yolk, zona pellucida

▶lét, bel, só, sárga

hík

(n) fowl <szárnyas>

▪híkbom

(n) female hen having chickens

a-tí bam

(v) to sit on eggs (as hen)

a-tí-nŭn gyek

(v) to hatch an egg

a-tí ťo

(v) to lay an egg

tí3, a-tí

(n) an egg

hik-tí

(n) a hen's egg

a-tí fok

(n) the shell of egg

a-tí lŭt

(n) the yolk of egg


322


U-Ú

úgy

(adv) (just) so, in that

way/manner; so much, to such an

extent/degree, so ... that; (just)

about ● úgy? is that so?, oh,

yeah? ● úgy! so!, well!, hah!

ugyan though; bah; now ●

ugyan?! what?, you don't say! ●

ugyan! there, there!

▶hogy, vagy, van, vajon

*yaṅ

(adv) though, although, but, still, albeit

ujjam

(n) (my) finger; köröm

fingernail ● ujjhegy fingertip

kisujj

(n) little finger

középső ujj

(n) middle finger

hüvelykujj, bütyök, nagyujj

(n) thumb

mutatóujj

(n) index finger, (lit) pointer-

finger

gyűrűsujj

(n) ring finger

▪ká-jóm, kajóm

(n) finger

▪ká-ṅom, kă-ṅom

(n) finger

▪kathi

(n) little finger

▪kadóm

(n) thumb

▪a-ká-jăk

(n) finger (index)

▪kayók

(n) fingertip

▪kayóng

(n) middle finger

▪kalít

(n) ring finger


323


un

(adj) bored, tired, had enough (of

smthg)

▪un

(n) semen; sperma genitale (=water) <interesting: bore also = to bear

children (something sperm-related!)>

unoka

(n) grandchild; Kinga ♀ female

given name

ángy

(n) kin(ship), relation

húg ☐

(n) (younger) sister, little, sis

unokahúg /ˈunokɒhuːɡ/

(n) niece, cousin

unoka

(n) testvér, cousin

◷ ünő (var: ine, yue, ewnó,

inő, iné) young cow (GoZo)

▶ondó, nővér, víz

▪ʔíngngá ◦ óṅ, óṅ-kŭp

(n) a child

kŭp, a-kŭp

(n) 1) a child; 2) offspring, descendants

▪un

(n) semen; sperma genitale (=water)

aṅ-gă

(n) child of a great man, a young gentlemen or lady

▪ʔíng

(n) younger sibling

(a-)nóm kŭp

(n) elder sister's child, niece, nephew <nón = nővér elder sister + kŭp

húg/köp/csöp child/offspring >

a-ku kŭp

(n) paternal cousin

(a-)zon

(n) grandchild

uszony /ˈusoɲ/

(n) fin(s), flapper, paddle

sorja

(n) burr, fin, flash

sorjázó

(n) stick

▪(a-)gon

(n) a fin


324


utál

(v) detest, loathe, abhor,

abominate, dislike, hate

ŭt

(v) to be dissatisfied, to turn up one's nose at (at a thing which one

considers to be too insignificant for him to accept) or to be

disproportionate to his services

ŭt-lŭṅ

(v) turn up one's nose and… <-lŭṅ = conjunctive participle linking

two verbs, ie., stands for 'and'>

után

(n) after, afterwards

utólag

(n) afterwards, post factum

lon-nŭn

(adv) after, afterwards

lon-ka

(adv) afterwards

utód

(n) progeny, lineage, offspring,

successor, breeding lines, child,

descendant

> utud (wr. tud; u3-tu; tu-ud)

to give birth (to), bear a child

[SU] (ePSD)

pu tsho (LeTo)

(n) social groups divided by lineage

utol- /ˈutol/ to reach

(smg/smb)

utolsó last, final, ultimate,

conclusion, end(ing), extreme,

son

a-tel

(n) the end, the extremity, the horizon

a-tel lyaṅ

(n) the land confines of a country; the frontier

uzsonna /ˈuʒonːɒ/ snack

*je /ʒe~ɛ/

(v) honorific, to eat or drink


325


Ü-Ű

üde ☐

(adj) comely, fresh, green

üdít

(v) to enliven ● üdítő

(adj) refreshing (drink, etc.), pick-

me-up, tonic, fine, bracing,

exhilerating

ű

(pn) Jesus <Google translation

returns Ű when typing in Jesus>

üdv ☐

(sal) hello, howdy

üdvözít

(v) save(s)

üdvösség

(n) beatitude, salvation

üdvözöl ☐

(v) to greet, welcome, address,

applaud, hail, salaam, salute

▶odaadó, űz, ördög

*u-dŭ, wu-dŭ

(n) hunger, starvation; the demon of poverty, wretchedness

<voodoo?> <üde as a counter to ördög>

ügy

(n) business, case, matter, affair,

issue, interest, thing, article,

cause, concern, object,

proceeding, item, proposition,

question, subject

ügyel

(v) to pay attention (to), see to,

serve, take care (of); ügyeletes

(reg-Erd) one who takes care of

his responsibilities (CzF)

*ul

(v) to ask for anything, request, demand, solicit, beg


(n) a burden; business, trade, profession, charge, office

ul-yál

(adj) persuasive

ul-yál ríṅ

(n) persuasive language


326


ügyes

(adj) cunning, skillful, smart,

clever, able, accomplished, adept,

adroit, apt, capable, handy,

proficient, artful, astute, deft,

dextrous, expert, facile, feat, good,

habile, ingenious, knowing,

masterly, neat, politic, ready,

versatile

ügyész

(n) prosecutor, attorney,

barrister, lawyer, counsel,

magistrate

ügyvéd

(n) lawyer, attorney, advocate,

solicitor, defender, counsel(or),

pleader

▶vall, koldus, gyen-, gyár,

tárgy, gyula

ul-yál mat

(v) to persuade

ul-yál-bo

(n) a persuasive person

ünnep(ély)

holiday, holy day, festival;

(arc) innep; (MNT) (obs) id-

nap (PoMi)

id (obs) sacred, holy, saint

(PoMi)

*nyen-ne

(n) holy day, a fast-day

üreg

sinus, cave, cavern, cavity,

chamber, delve, excavation, fossa,

hole, hollow, interstice, pit, recess,

scoop, socket, vug; (syn)

sziklaüreg

barlang

(n) cave, cavern

▶homorú, horony

hong

(adj) hollow

Nelyang

(pn) name given by Lepcha for their home, the ‘Land of Caves’ (ReWo)

bar

(n) akárminek közepe, pl. évnek the middle of anything; e.g. year

bar-lyang (IM)

(n) middle earth


327


üst /ˈyʃt/

cauldron, kettle, pan, pot, vat;

(syn) bogrács, katlan, kazán,

kondér

üstökös /ˈyʃtøkøʃ/ comet,

blazing star <lángoló csillag>,

meteor

üsd! hit (it)!

▶öt, üt, szít

sŭṅ-kyă

(n) a meteor

lang

(n) a stone

üt to hit; üsd! hit (it)!

>>öt,

idő, üst>>

ütközet

▪ʔádyút

(n) fight

V

vág

to cut (off/up), slice, hew,

shear, hack, chop, carve, pare,

chip, chisel, clip, facet, grave,

saw, section, whittle; to hit,

throw; (sla) to know,

understand

váj, vájkál

kiváj

to bore, excavate, hollow (out),

cave, deepen, delve, erode,

gouge, hole, ream, recess,

scoop, sink

▶homorú, horony, üreg, kés,

vés, rés

vak

(v) to hollow out, scoop out

▪báng


▪bâk

(v) to weed


328


vagy1 /ˈvɒɟ/

either, or, else <▶ van for vagy

verb form; ▶ nagyon for (arc)

vagyon>

avagy

or, else, AKA (also known as)

valamely

some

valamelyik

one (of them), one or the other,

some, any, either

▶nagyon, úgy, vala, vajon,

viszont

yaṅ-nă

(conj) or, either, whether, but

vájatvég

(n) side <(ex:) a side job>

vyal, a-vyal, vyel

(n) a side, a part

vajon /ˈvɒjon/

(conj) (arc) valjon (CzF) if,

(question/query) whether

▶vala, vagy1, viszont

yaṅ-nă


vyăt

(v) to ask, to inquire

vyăt lat, vyăt nóṅ

(v) to come to ask <nóṅ = -ong>

vakar /ˈvɒkɒr/

(v) to scratch, curry, groom, rub,

scrape

vakond

(n) mole (burrowing animal)

▪fâk

(v) to scrape

▪flók



329


vakondlyuk burrow (hole)

▶fakul, háml, völgy, föld, folt

vál

(v) to separate (from smg/smb)

vál|ik

(v) to divorce, separate, split up

váljon

(v) (he/she/it should) separate

választ

(v) to choose, elect, opt, pick,

appoint, show, point out, cull,

take, vote

elválaszt

(v) separate, detach ●

elválasztjuk we separate it

▶fel(oszt), bot

flí, flí-m

(v) to divide, to separate as persons or things also affections of the

heart

flik

(adv) apart, aside; (adj) cracked, split as wood, bamboo, rock <^flick

aside, flake^>

vyal nyón

(v) to part with [Tung-bór/figurative Main Gram 131]

vyal, a-vyal, vyel

(n) a side, a part

a-vyal zuk

(v) to divide into parts

▪blók

(v) to separate the outer and inner part of bamboo or cane

▪bret

(v) to separate, divide

vala /ˈvɒlɒ/

(v) (arc) 3rd person singular

past of van to be/is); (mod) volt

was

való(ban)

(adj) really, truly, in earnest

valódi

(adj) true, actual, genuine, real

dăl-lă, dal-lă (from da-lă)

(emp adv) verily

al-o da

(v) to be certain; it is certainly so; (adv) certainly, verily, even so


330


vaj igen

(phr) (reg-Erd) oh, yes!; (syn)

vagy-igen oh, yes!, for sure! de

igen!, de bizon! <

> men-dalla beaming crown

(crown + beam, ray; to be bright)

[SU] (JaHa)

▶vagy

◦a

(adv, n) yes, affirmation/affirmative reply, assent; (v) to add smg

emphasizing/amplifying previous statement

valaki /ˈvɒlɒki/

(n) someone, somebody, one, you,

any, anybody, anyone, fellow, (an

unspecified) person; (abr) vki

valamennyi /ˈvɒlɒmɛɲːi/

(adv) all, some ● valamennyien

all, everyone; (lit) was many

▶bárki, akári

▪túlá

(pro) everyone, someone, anyone, whoever

válaszol

(v) to answer, reply, repsond,

give an answer, rejoin, return

válaszolás

(n) response

visszhang

(n) echo, response

▶szemléltet

lá, tă-lá

(n) imitation

tă-lá mat

(v) to imitate

tă-lá muṅ

(n) echo

tă-lá muṅ lik

(v) to echo

váll

(n) shoulder

vállal

(v) to shoulder, assume, contract,

stand, overtake, tackle, take

vól

(n) the shoulder pressed against the upper side of chest; (v) to carry

vyal, a-vyal, vyel

(n) a side, a part


331


(in/on/over), undertake ●

elvállal ● (v) to assume,

undertake ● vállalás

(n) commitment

vállfa

(n) (clothes/coat) hangar; (lit)

shoulder tree/wood

vall

(v) to confess, profess

vallás

(n) religion, disciple, faith, creed,

persuasion; vallás- religous,

religion-

▶ügy, koldus

ťál

(v) to pronouce, declare openly. See *ťă-bo čă <bocs(ánat)>

*ul

(v) to ask for anything, request, demand, solicit, beg

ul-yál

(adj) persuasive

ul-yál-bo

(n) a persuasive person

ul-yál ríṅ

(n) persuasive language

ul-yál mat

(v) to persuade

van

(v) to be (occupy a place), exist,

have, possess, there is/are, is/are,

am, sit, dwell, has, have got, it is,

own, stand, stood ● vagy2 you

are ● vagyunk we are; (arc)

vogymuk

vagyon

(n) fortune, wealth, substance,

asset(s), riches, property,

possessions; (arc) (s/he) is/exists

volt was <fujt blew/blown (away)>

▶nagyon

yaṅ-ŭn

(say) be it so still <legyen még mindig is>

*gyu



332


vándor /ˈvaːndor/

(n) wanderer, wayfarer, hiker,

itinerant, migrant, rambler,

roamer, rover

vándor-

(adj) ambulatory, peripatetic

átível

(v) overarch, span; (def) to

traverse the distance between

▶van, át

vă3,vá-t

(v) to go round, wander round

vát

(v) to span round (as with hand), grasp, meet round (as girdle, band,

etc.), circumvent, encompass, environ, embrace (corporally or

mentally), accompish

varjú /ˈvɒrjuː/ crow(s), rook,

corvus, carrion-crow, hooded

crow, raven(s)

>>reg, kora, holló

a-ryan

(n) the crow of cock Main. 113

varr

(n) sew, stitch

vyál

(v) to darn, to stitch up a hole in a cloth

▪hrap

(v) to sew

váz ☐ /ˈvaːz/

(n) body, frame(work), cadre,

case, schema, scheme, shell,

skeleton, truss

váza /ˈvaːzɒ/

(n) vase, pot, container

csontváz /ˈʧontvaːz/

(n) skeleton, anatomy, atomy,

ottomy, bones, carcass, bag of

bones; (lit) bone vase

*zu

(n) body

▪mu zu

(n) body <mozog?>


333


véletlen

(adj) random, chance, fortuitous,

accident(al), doubtful, dubious,

fortune, hap(hazard), incidental,

luck, occasion(al), precarious,

promiscuous, shaky, stray,

uncertain

verem

(n) pit, stack, pitfall, hole, hopper

▪vi-m

(n) bal left

măn-vór

(n) a hole

vér ☑ [pFU]

(n) blood

ví

(n) blood

▪vi mân

(n) kin, offspring, relatives (literally flesh and blood)

vidám

(n) glad, merry, gay, happy,

joyful, gleeful, cheerful,

lighthearted, convivial, jolly,

lively, perky, in high spirits,

beaming

vidámság

(n) joy, happiness, cheer(fulness),

gladness, glee, merriment,

alacrity, chirpiness, exhileration,

festivity, frolic, gaiety, hilarity,

jauntiness, mirth

sám gó

(v) to be happy; (n) pleasure, joy

sám a-dum


viháncol

(v) to chortle

▶nevet

▪theyn

(v) to laugh

▪thyenlá

(adv) laughingly

▪thyenlât

(n) laughter


334


vihar

(n) (rain-, snow-, thunder-)

storm, tempest, gale, sniffer

eső-vihar (IM)

(lit) rain storm

zivatar /ˈzivɒtɒr/

(n) (rain/electric/thunder)

storm(s), tempests, lightning,

shower, thunder

so

(n) eső; az időjárás, az időjárási vagy légkör viszonyok rain; in

compos. the weather, the state of the weather or atmosphere

so van

(n) üvöltő vihar roaring of storm <so = eső rain>

so vaṅ

(n) vihar storm

so yŭt tyăr

(v) sokat esni to rain much

világ ☑ [pFU]

(n) world

világunk

(n) our world

világ táj

(n) world landscape

világos

(n) light, bright, clear, articulate,

understand, lucid, luminous, self-

evident, lightsome, transparent,

white

bolygó

(n) planet, heavenly body,

asteroid, celestial body/object,

comet, star; wandering, roaming

● vulgegh bolygó

(csillagászat) planet

lyaṅ

(n) the earth

▪sukdum

(n) world

lyaṅ uṅ

(n) the world <(lit) earth water, világvíz / világángy>

lyaṅ tel

(n) the horizon

▪ʔákyâng

(adj) light, bright

▪záko

(n) planet

bo-lyen \ ◦bo len

(n) plane, a carpenter's plane <gyalu> :: (n) tool with an ad-justable

blade for paring, truing, smoothing, finishing the surface of wood,

etc.) <(ext) our experience on this plane/planet "refines" us for the

next level>


335


(astronomy); ashar világ world

[SA-HU] (VAA)

bolyong

(n) to roam, wander, meander,

know about, err, ferment

bolyong, cselleng

(n) to traipse (around)

bolyhos ☐

(adj) fluffy, fuzzy, hairy, hirsuite,

cottony, fluey, furry, pubescent

▶golyó, gólya, gyalu, valag,

lány

bo-lyen kyóp

(n) plane

világegyetem /ˈvilaːgɛɟɛtɛm/,

világmindenség

(n) universe, cosmos, macrocosm,

world (outer) space, earth

sŭk-dŭm lŭṅ-miṅ tam, sŭk-dŭm lŭk-miṅ

(n) the world

villan

(v) to flash, glint

villám /ˈvilːaːm/

(n) lightening, flash, levin,

(thunder)bolt, flash of lightening

villog

(n) flashing, flicker, glint, glow

▶illanó, meleg

mi la

(v) to flame

▪lâm

(v) to fly

la la

(adj) flaming up, flackering as light

▪ʔákyâng

(adj) light, bright

vir

(n) (pos root) to live, grow,

bloom, begin (CzF)

bor \ ▪búr

(v) to bloom, blossom (as flower); to flourish, prosper


336


virágzás (felvirágzás)

(n) prosperity, recovery

virul

(v) to bloom, flourish

virulat

(n) a plant's blooms on shoots, its

flowering, opening condition (CzF)

bor-lát

(n) prosperity, success, elevation, honor, glory, eminence; beauty

bor-nón

(v) to blossom (flower); to flourish, to prosper

bor-lă mat

(v) to render prosperous, to beautify, adorn, ornament

ríp


viszket

(v) to itch, tickle, tingle

viszketség, viszketegség

(adj) itching, itchiness, pruritus,

prurience

frek

(n) itch: contagious disease caused by itch mite which burrows into

the skin of hands and feet; eruption

frek jyaak

(v) to have or feel a peculiar irritation of the skin, esp in the hands

and feet, which causes a desire to scratch

viszont ☐

(conj) but, however, then, but

then, conversely, in contrast, in

turn, on the other hand, then

again, vice versa

▶vala, vagy1, vajon, míg,

azzonal, annak

yaṅ-nă


yaṅ-lă


viszony

(n) relation(ship), term, ratio,

way two things may be associated

ví-sŭṅ (IM)

(n) blood relation

viszonyít correlate, relate ●

viszonyul to relate viszonylag

relatively, comparitively, by

ví

(n) blood

*sŭṅ

(n) a relation, a story

sŭṅ gyu

(v) to relate a story; see suṅ <szól>


337


comparison ● viszonylagos

relative, comparative, correlative,

respective

▶vő, szűn, szól, oroszlán

nŭm-zóṅ

(n) friends, relatives

víz1

(n) water ● uszony (fish) fin;

úszni to swim ● isz|ik to drink

● iszom, (obs) ivám, ittam,

(obs) innám, innék, igyak,

iszod, iszunk ● inni to drink;

(obs) ivék, ivott drank

inga pendulum; outrigger <beam,

boat> ● ingat to sway, swing,

rock, shake, teeter ● ingás sway,

oscillation, swing <ocean water

esp behaves this way>

-ong -ing; (def) frequentative

suffix added to verb (or rarely

to a noun) to form a verb

denoting repetitive action

von to draw (for example,

water)

nedü, nedv moisture, sap,

juice, lymph

vödör bucket, pail, kibble

itat to provide (animals) with

water

> biz, bi-iz to trickle, drip; izid

(wr. iz-zi; i-zi) <water> wall;

wave [SU] (Toth6/ePSD)

uṅ

(n) 1) water

vi

(n) blood

va

(v) to ebb and flow, to flow backwards and forwards

vat

(v) to swing to and fro, vibrate, oscillate

va va

(adj) vibrating <mirror terms Lepcha va- describes properties of

moving víz; their term for water, uṅ = Magyar words denoting action,

or moving water as in ing-/-ong/önt; von to draw (water) unites the

two (water and moving water)>

vóm, a-vóm

(n) damp, half wet and half dry <tompa?>

víz2 *bodily fluid-related*

önt

to pour (fluid)


338


ondó ☐

(n) semen, sperm, seed >>

mag

ondolálás

wave (water, hair)

ángy ☑ feltehetően uráli

(n) kin(ship), relation; ◷ 1380:

ang sister-in-law; 1507:

angÿanak 1572: older brother's

wife; 1794: older relative's

wife; 1862: gyángyi.

ágyék loin(s), groin(s),

dorsum, back, haunch, lumbar

region, pubes, small of the

back; ágyékkötő breechclout,

loincloth

húgy, vizelet, pisi piss, urine

⚑ Und; Ond (Zemplén m.);

Ung, Ungh, Ungvár,

Ungvármegye, Ungmegye,

Ung puszta (Zala m.),

Ungbükkös, Ungcsertész,

Ungefug [Segesvár], Ungheni,

Unghureni, Unggesztenyés,

Unghi [Dragomirfalva],

Unghosszúmező, Unghuta,

Unglovasd, Ungludas,

Ungordas, Ungpéteri,

Ungpinkóc, Ungsasfalva,

Ungszenna, Ungtarnóc,

Ungtarnóc, Ungtavas,

Ungureni, Ukk, Ugar,

Ungtölgyes, Unoka [Faragó];

Ugaritanyák, Ugljan, Ugljan,

Ugljara, Uglya, Ugljevik,

Ugocsakomlós, Ugod

(Veszprém vármegye),

Ugovec, Ugra, Ugróc [Drág],

Ugrapataka [Gyimesfelsőlok],

Ugyer [Cegléd]

▪un

(n) semen, sperma genitale; water

*woṅ

(v) to be abundant, suffice

ăṅ

(v) to be glorious; (n) dazzle, splendour, glory

aṅ-gă

(n) the child of a great man; young gentleman or lady

jít

(n) urine


339


vő /ˈvøː/, vej

(n) son-in-law, daughter's

husband

vőlegény /ˈvøːlɛɡeːɲ/

(bride)groom, fiancé (man

engaged to be married)

legény ☐ /ˈlɛɡeːɲ/

(unmarried, male )youth, lad,

mate, stripling, young man,

bachelor <loin>

>>viszony, fí

vo, a-vo \ ▪ə vo

(n) a husband ◦ husband, man, person

vo yŭ

(n) husband and wife

▪-bo

(n) father, uncastrated male parent animal

vi mân

(n) kin, offspring, relatives (lit. flesh and blood vi)

volojon (IM)

<(n) bridegroom>

▪faleng

(n) a young boy

*lo jon

(n) a young man

völgy valley

> vüldi [HU]

völgyszoros

chop, gorge

belföld /ˈbɛlføld/ home, home

country, homeland, interior

▪bám

(v) to dwell, stay, reside

▪báng


▪bámlyáng

(n) homeland, residence

von ☐ /ˈvon/

(v) draw, carry, drag, extract

the root of, hale, haul, pull,

tow >> ajazni >>

vonal /ˈvonɒl/

line, lane, streak, stria, stripe,

trait; vonal- linear

◦aayoon

(n) act of carrying, state of being carried by more than one person

yán

(v) to be long, protracted; pendulous


340


vonul

march, move, process, trail

vonat

train (group of connected cars)

egybevon merge; (lit) draw

into one

zóṅ, zón

(v) to depart

◦aayoon

(n) group of people/things assembled together, gathering or going in

a flock, company, crowd

vonzó

attractive, alluring, appealing,

desirable, engaging, enticing,

fetching, inviting, magnetic,

seductive, tempting

zó

(v) to be elegant, magnificent, have fine appearance, be splendid

<[MA] von = draw + [LX] zó = vonzó>

Z

zátony

reef, bank, bar, rock, shallow,

shelf

▪lang

(n) stone

zeller

celery

seikmari (YiDo)

(n) wild celery

zerge ☒ /ˈzɛrɡɛ/

(n) chamois, goat(skin),

Rupicapra rupicapra; (syn)

düftin, irhás cserzésű bőr,

ördögbőr, szarvasbőr

(UMESz)

să-ar

(n) a goat

să-ar gu

(n) an old she-goat


341


zörög

jangle, bang, chatter, crack,

clack, clap, clash, clatter,

detonation, rattle, rumble,

report, rustle

>>zűr, dur>>

zur


a-zur


a-zur a-zur bu


zuhan

to plummet, dive, duck, fall

zuhatag

cascade(s), cataract, chute,

(water)fall(s), race, rapids,

torrent

▪glú~glúm

(v) to fall down

zűr ☑ Nyelvújítási

mess, confusion, trouble,

rumpus; (syn) kusza

zűrzavar

mess, shambles, turmoil,

babel, anarchy, chaos,

confusion, derangement,

commotion, flap, hassle,

havoc, helter-skelter, mayhem,

maze, melee, panic,

pandemonium

zűrzavaros

chaotic, disorderly, confused,

at sixes and sevens,

disconnected, incoherent

zűrzavarok időszaka

time of trouble, period of

turmoil

zavar ☐

annoy, bother, confusion,

upset, abashment, trouble,

bafflement, disorder,

zur


zar-ră zur-ră


zar-ră zur-ră li

(v) (people) to speak from different places

zar-ră zur-ră bu

(v) to split in different directions

zar-ră zur-ră lóm

(n) roads lying in different directions

zŭr

(v) to be abashed, to hang down head from shame


342


bewilderment, cramp, daze,

difficulties, disturb,

disorientation, embarassment,

fermentation, fluster, harass,

mar, puzzle, snarl, quandry

zavago riot

zúz1, zúzni ☒ /ˈzuːz/

(v) grind, bruise, cruch, hammer,

jam, mash, mill, pound, smash

<♬ Zeus>

zúzódás

bruise, contusion, lesions,

trauma(tic injuries)

◷ zúz11219: Zuuzo (✘); 1519:

meg ʒwʒogathwan tug back-

and-forth, torment; 1750:

oszve zuzza [z-j] smash,

squeeze (in abstract sense as

well); 1763: Oszve-zúzni

destroy; 1775: öszve

szuzattatván gring (corn).

(UMesz)

zŭṅ

(v) to stir up, to turn over and over, as rice in a pot

zúzmara /ˈzuːzmɒrɒ/

(hoar)frost (frozen dew drops),

(hard) rime, glaze

zúzoros January

▪sozóng

(v) to be cold

▪sozóng

(n) winter, cold

Zs

zsémbel /ʒembɛl/

to grumble, natter, scold, nag

zsémbes

bad-tempered, cantankerous,

churlish, crabby, crusty,

a-jăn /əʒən/, sám a-nók

(n) a bad reflection; evil disposition

a-mlem

(n) displeased countenance


343


grouchy, gruff, grumbler,

peevish, testy, surly, waspish

zsémbelés

nag, moan, grumble

zsémbeskedik

to nag (complain about

insignificant matters)

*sám kyu bam

(v) to be troubled in mind

zsibbad

to become numb

zsibbadt

(be)numb(ed), torpid

gyŭp, bŭt

(v) to be stiff

gyŭp-nón

(v) numbed from cold or remaining in one position

zsineg

(n) string, cord, line

čoṅ

(n) line; (adj) smooth, straight

zsír

(n) fat, grease

iszapos, semlény (reg-Erd) (SaAt)

(adj) silty, dirty, muddy, oozy,

slimy, sloppy, sludgy, turbid

dús

(adj) opulent, affluent, dense,

exhuberant, fat, rank, rich,

sumptuous, thick

▶csúszós, szurtos, szeles,

sáros, csúnya, súlyos,

syennyes, szégyen

šu3, šu-m, šu-t

(v) to be fat, as man or beasts

a-šum

(adj) fat, greasy

a-šut

(n) the fat of the animal

mán šut

(n) tallow


344


zsold

(n) (soldier's) pay/wages

ló (←rev)

(n) wages, pay for work, rent as for house

zsúp

(v) to thatch, thatching; (sla) to

hit, slap ● zsupsz to smack;

bang ● zsúptető tatch roof

▪cáp

(v) zsúpolni to thatch

zsuzsu

(n) bauble, charm

*zuṅ

(n) a charm; it used by the Lepcha for an animal set apart for sacrifice

or offering to deity

zuṅ čăk

(v) to set apart for sacrifice or offering to deity


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