kimberly tierney bio-nutrition...bio-nutrition . summary of content multivitamin excel spreadsheet...
TRANSCRIPT
Analysis, evaluation and conclusion of nutrient content and formulation of three separate multivitamins
and assessing the adequacy for a thirty year old male and a twenty year old female as compared to
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). Utilized Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word.
Kimberly Tierney
Bio-Nutrition
Summary of Content
Multivitamin Excel Spreadsheet
Analysis of Three Multivitamin Nutrient Content and Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) of
thirty year old male and twenty year old female
Word Document Interpretation of Data
Analysis of multivitamin content compared to RDA & AI standards
Multivitamin evaluation concentrating on vitamin, macro-mineral, trace mineral, and
electrolyte content
Conclusion
Part 2
Assessing Multi-Vitamin Formulas
_ Vitam
ins &
Min
erals
Vitam
in A
(
Vitam
in C
(mg)
Vitam
in E
(mg)
Vitam
in K
(
Thiam
in (m
g)
Ribofla
vin (m
g)
Niacin
(mg)
Vitam
in B
Vitam
in B
Biotin
(
Pantoth
enic Acid
(mg)
Calcium
(mg)
Iron (m
g)
Phosphoru
s (m
g)
Magn
esium
(mg)
Zinc (
mg)
Manga
nese (m
g)
Chrom
ium
(
Chlorid
e (g)
Potass
ium
(g)
Boron (m
g)
synonym
consists of
compounds; Retinal,
Retinene,
Retinaldehyde,
Retinol, Retinoic
Acid, Carotenoids
Ascorbic Acid,
Dehydroascorbic
Acid, Antiscorbutic
Vitamin
Cholecalciferol,
Calciferol, Calcitriol
α-Tocopherol,
Tocopherols &
Tocotrienols
Phylloquinone,
Menaquinone,
Menadione
Vitamin B₁,
Aneurin Vitamin B₂ Vitamin B₃
compounds:
Pyridoxal,
Pyridoxine,
Pyridoxamine,
5’-Phosphates
Vitamin B₉,
Vit Bc,
Folacin,
Folate,
Pteroylpolyg
lutamates
Cyanocobalamine,
Cobalamine
Vitamin
B₇,
Vitamin H Vitamin B₅
Ferrous
Fumarate,
Ferrous Sulfate,
Ferrous
Gluconate Phosphate
Dietary
Reference
Intakes (DRI)
20 year old
female
Estimated
Average
Requirement
(EAR) 500 60 10 12 0.9 0.9 11 1.1 320 2 800 8.1 580 95 255 6.8 45 700 34
Recommended
Dietary
Allowances
(RDA) &
Adequate
Intakes (AI) 700 75 5 15 90 1.1 1.1 14 1.3 400 2.4 30 5 1000 18 700 150 310 8 55 900 1.8 25 45 2.3 4.7 ND
Tolerable Upper
Limits (ULs) 3000 2000 50 1000 ND ND ND 35 100 1000 ND ND ND 2500 45 4000 1100 350 40 400 10000 11 ND 2000 3.6 none 20
Dietary
Reference
Intakes (DRI)
30 year old
male
Estimated
Average
Requirement
(EAR) 625 75 10 12 1 1.1 12 1.1 320 2 800 6 580 95 330 9.4 45 700 34
Recommended
Dietary
Allowances
(RDA) &
Adequate
Intakes (AI) 900 90 5 15 120 1.2 1.3 16 1.3 400 2.4 30 5 1000 8 700 150 400 11 55 900 2.3 35 45 2.3 4.7 ND
Tolerable Upper
Limits (ULs) 3000 2000 50 1000 ND ND ND 35 100 1000 ND ND ND 2500 45 4000 1000 350 40 400 10000 11 ND 2000 3.6 none 20
1 Multi-
vitamin tablet #1 Amount 3000 200 2.5 20.1 50 10 10 25 10 400 10 300 10 30 5 0 100 70 5 25 500 0.002 50 10 0 0 0.05
Adequate for
Female &
Ranking 1 2 2+2 2 1+2 1 1 1 1 2+1 2 1 1 3+2 2+2 2+2 2+2 2+2 2+2 3+2 2+2 3+2 1 3+2 2+2 2+2
% of RDA met by
Multi-Vitamin 429% 267% 50% 134% 56% 909% 909% 179% 769% 100% 417% 1000% 200% 250% 28% 0% 67% 23% 63% 45% 56% 0% 200% 22% 0% 0%
Adequate for
Male & Ranking 1 2 2+2 2 1+2 1 1 1 1 2+1 2 1 1 3+2 2+2 2+2 2+2 2+2 2+2 3+2 2+2 3+2 1 3+2 2+2 2+2
% of RDA met by
Multi-Vitamin 333% 222% 50% 134% 42% 833% 769% 156% 769% 100% 417% 1000% 200% 250% 63% 0% 67% 18% 45% 45% 56% 0% 143% 22% 0% 0%
Form
natural beta-
carotene
magnesium
ascorbate cholecalciferol
d-alpha
tocopherol phytonadione
thiamine
mononitrate niacinamide pyridoxine HCl cyanocobalamin
D-calcium
pantothenate amino acid chelate
ferrous
bisglycinate from kelp
magnesium
citrate,
magnesium
ascorbate zinc citrate
selenium amino
acid chelate copper oxide
manganese
sulfate
chromium
chloride
sodium
molybdate
potassium
chloride
boron
amino acid
chelate
#2 Amount 300 333 2.5 67 0 10 2 17 10 167 50 50 10 50 0 0 25 50 3 30 333 2 50 20 0 0 0.25
Adequate for
Female &
Ranking 3+2 1 2+2 1 3+2 1 2 3 1 3+2 1 2 1 2+2 3+2 2+2 3+2 3+2 3+2 2+2 3+2 2 1 2+2 2+2 2+2
% of RDA met by
Multi-Vitamin 43% 444% 50% 447% 0% 909% 182% 121% 769% 42% 2083% 167% 200% 5% 0% 0% 17% 16% 38% 56% 37% 111% 200% 44% 0% 0%
Adequate for
Male & Ranking 3+2 1 2+2 1 3+2 1 2 3 1 3+2 1 2 1 2+2 3+2 2+2 3+2 3+2 3+2 2+2 3+2 2+2 1 2+2 2+2 2+2
% of RDA met by
Multi-Vitamin 33% 370% 50% 447% 0% 833% 154% 106% 769% 42% 2083% 167% 200% 5% 0% 0% 17% 13% 27% 56% 37% 87% 143% 44% 0% 0%
Form
beta carotene from
algae calcium ascorbate cholecalciferol
d-alpha
tocopheryl
succinate
thiamin
mononitrate
niacin &
niacinamide pyridoxine HCl cyanocobalamin
di-calcium
pantothenate
di-calcium
pantothenate,
ascorbate from kelp
magnesium
glycinate chelate
zinc glycinate
chelate
L-
selenomethionine
copper
glycinate
chelate
manganese
glycinate
chelate
chromium
glycinate
chelate
molybdenum
glycinate
chelate
potassium
chloride
#3 Amount 1050 90 10 20.1 25 1.5 1.7 20 2 500 6 30 10 200 18 109 150 100 11 55 900 2.3 35 45 0.072 0.08 0.15
Adequate for
Female &
Ranking 2 3 1 2 2+2 2 3 2 2 1 3 3+1 1 1+2 1+1 1+2 1+1 1+2 1 1+1 1+1 1 2 1+1 1+2 1+2
% of RDA met by
Multi-Vitamin 150% 120% 200% 134% 28% 136% 155% 143% 154% 125% 250% 100% 200% 20% 100% 16% 100% 32% 138% 100% 100% 128% 140% 100% 3% 2%
Adequate for
Male & Ranking 2 3+1 1 2 2+2 2 3 2 2 1 3 3+1 1 1+2 1 1+2 1+1 1+2 1+1 1+1 1+1 1+1 2+1 1+1 1+2 1+2
% of RDA met by
Multi-Vitamin 117% 100% 200% 134% 21% 125% 131% 125% 154% 125% 250% 100% 200% 20% 225% 16% 100% 25% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 3% 2%
Form not given NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG
vitamins
macrominer
al trace mineral electrolytes below RDA/AI = +2
minimum RDA/AI =
+1 HIGHEST # LOWEST #
Part 2
Assessing Multi-Vitamin Formulas
Boron (m
g)
Nickel (
mg)
Silic
on (mg)
Tin (
Vanad
ium
(mg)
Lute
in (
L-Carn
itine (m
g)
L-Arg
inin
e (mg)
Grape Se
ed Ext
ract
(mg)
Co-Enzy
me Q
10
(mg)
Alpha Li
poic (m
g)
Lyco
pene (mg)
Biofla
vonoid
s (m
g)
Rutin (m
g)
Inosit
ol (m
g)
Hesperid
in (m
g)
Para-a
min
obenzoic
acid (m
g)
Enzym
e Com
plex
(mg)
Proprie
tary
Superfo
od Ble
nd
(mg)
_ __
ND ND ND
1 ND 1.8
ND ND ND
1 ND 1.8
0 0 0 0.008 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 10 10 75 132 475
Total Ranking 76
Average %
Met 237%
Total Ranking 76
Average %
Met 221%
from
lemon
0 0 0 0 0 25 10 0.8 2.5 2.5 0.25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Ranking 84
Average %
Met 230%
Total Ranking 86
Average %
Met 219%
L-carnitine
tertrate
L-arginine
HCl
0.005 2 10 0.01 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Ranking 58
Average %
Met 111%
Total Ranking 62
Average %
Met 107%
NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG
Assessing Multi-Vitamin Formulas
1
The process utilized in the spreadsheet comparing the formulas of three separate multi-vitamins and
assessing the adequacy for a thirty year old male and a twenty year old female progressed as follows.
Initial evaluation included all Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) incorporating the Estimated Average
Requirement (EAR), Tolerable Upper Limits (UL), and Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) and
Adequate Intakes (AI) for comparison and reference of both a twenty year old female and a thirty year
old male.
Analysis of the data detailed in the EAR and AI revealed that in most cases the thirty year old male
necessitates higher concentrations of nutrients than a twenty year old female, but respectively a multi-
vitamin must still meet the RDA and AI for individuals. Specific differences between requirements are
established in the subsequent table:
30 year old males require X% more than
20 year old females in the following:
Chromium 29% Vitamin C 17%
Zinc 27% Riboflavin 15%
Vitamin K 25% Vitamin A 12%
Manganese 22% Niacin 12%
Magnesium 22% Thiamin 8%
*Iron is the exception; A 20 year old female requires 66% more Iron than a 30 year old male.
Men at the age of 30 years should also concentrate on the following vitamins and mineral:
Biotin For hair loss
Boron, Zinc, Vitamin C, Vitamin E and lycopene For prostate health
Zinc, Magnesium, Vitamin B₆ Associated with testosterone
Niacin To ensure healthy cholesterol
Selenium Decreases the risk of cancers; prostate, colon, lung
Women at the age of 20 years should concentrate on the following vitamins and minerals:
Iron and Magnesium Lost during menstruation
Vitamin K Influences healthy intestinal bacteria which in turn aid in absorption, needed more with excessive menstruation
Folic Acid and B₁₂ For the development of the nervous system of a possible future baby
Zinc Metabolism of main nutrients, contributes to immune system function, mental function, fetal growth and reproduction
Assessing Multi-Vitamin Formulas
2
Returning the focus to the analysis of the three multi-vitamins, the interpretation of data began by
converting the units given to corresponding units and serving size. The amounts of each vitamin were
then compared to one another in a several various approaches.
The multi-vitamin’s nutrients that met RDA and AI for females were colored pink on the spread sheet
and males were colored blue. The nutrients that fell below were left uncolored. The amount of each
nutrient in each multi-vitamin was then divided by the RDA and AI to equal the percent met by each
multi-vitamin for the 20 year old female and the 30 year old male separately. These averages will show a
correlation to the average concentrations of each nutrient, higher averages should show higher
concentrations and lower averages should detail lower concentrations throughout the multi- vitamin.
The averages of percentage met by the three multivitamins for the concluded as follows from highest to
lowest concentrations:
Vitamin # Female % Male %
1 237 221
2 230 219
3 111 107
The percentages also revealed which nutrients of each multi-vitamin fell below the RDA and AI as less
than 100% and which met the minimum requirement as 100%. The following table demonstrates the
specifics:
Multi-vitamin
#
Gender Below RDA & AI Total Nutrients
Below
Minimum RDA & AI
Total Nutrients
at Min
Upper Limits
Total Upper Limits
1 Female Vit D, Vit K, Ca, Fe, P, I, Mg, Zn, Cl, K, Se, Cu, Mo, Mn
14 Folic Acid 1 Vit A 1
1 Male Vit D, Vit K, Ca, Fe, P, I, Mg, Zn, Cl, K, Se, Cu, Mo, Mn
14 Folic Acid 1 Vit A 1
2 Female Vit D, Vit K, Vit A, Ca, Fe, P, I, Mg, Zn, Cl, K, Se, Cu, Mo, Folic Acid
15 None None
2 Male Vit D, Vit K, Ca, Fe, P, I, Mg, Zn, Cl, K, Se, Cu, Mo, Mn,
Folic Acid
16 None None
3 Female Vit K, Ca, P, Mg, Cl, K
6 Biotin, I, Se, Cu, Mo, Fe
6 None
3 Male Vit K, Ca, P, Mg, Cl, K
6 Vit C, Biotin, I, Se, Cu, Mo, Zn,
Mn, Cr
9 None
Assessing Multi-Vitamin Formulas
3
The interpretation of the table above concludes multi-vitamin #2 to be lacking the most nutrients for
both male and female, followed closely by multi-vitamin #1. Multi-vitamin #3 is lacking the least in both
male and female nutrients. This evidence is also supported by the number system I devised which would
reveal the complete inclusion of nutrients per multi-vitamin.
The number system compares the three multi-vitamins to one another and ranks each individual
concentration of vitamin, macro-mineral, trace mineral, and electrolyte. The sums will reveal the lowest
total to be the most complete multi-vitamin and the highest total to be insufficient. Each individual
nutrient, such as Vitamin A, of all three multi-vitamins is color coded; highest content being green,
middle as black, and lowest as red. Each nutrient for each gender is assigned a number, highest amount
of the three is given a “1”, second give a “2”, and the lowest amount given a “3.” The multi-vitamin is
also penalized with “+1” for only providing minimum RDA and AI requirements, and “+2” for falling
below requirements. The conclusion of the number system proceeded from lowest to highest, or most
complete to least, as follows:
Vitamin # Female Total Ranking Male Total Ranking
3 58 62
1 76 76
2 84 86
In conclusion of the assessment and different approaches towards analysis of data provided, I found
multi-vitamin #3 to be the most complete for both the 20 year old female and 30 year old male. Multi-
vitamin #3 is the only one of the three to meet the female requirement for Iron. Although its
concentrations aren’t the highest, it is the most inclusive of total nutrients. Second overall inclusive for
both the male and female would be multi-vitamin #1, followed by multi-vitamin #2. Multi-vitamins #1
and multi-vitamin #2 ranked closely in both percent averages and total rank, however, what sets them
apart is how many nutrients in total they are lacking. Multi-vitamin #2 fell short in nearly every analysis
and contained absolutely no Iron. To clarify, I would rank the three multi-vitamins for both male and
female from best to worst as multi-vitamin #3 being the best, then multi-vitamin #1, and worst being
multi-vitamin #2.