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25 MW
0 MW
~
A few hours
later...
~Re-synchronizing...
Towers destroyedConductor destroyed
Short-Term Effects
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~
~
25 MW
0 MW
Already Synchronized
~
Then...
Some essential industry/ services (e.g., airports)
Short-Term Effects
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~
~
25 MW
50 MW
~Within 1-2
days...
125 MW
100 MW150 MW
50 MW
It might take one week or more until power is restored
Medium-Term Effects
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25 MW
100 MW
125 MW
150 MW
100 MW 150 MW
50 MW 100 MW
150 MW
250 MW
(150 MW)
Preemptive Measures
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Implementation in VEGA: Database, GUI, Optimizer
Generating unit data Line and transformer data
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Implementation Example: Power Flow Before Interdiction
Diagram of IEEE RTS-96 power grid
All load is met
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Total terrorist resources:
Implementation: Power Flow After Optimal Interdiction
Line:
Substation or bus:
Generators: All protected
Resource required to destroy assets:
Load shed is 2,190 MW
Bus “123” and seven selected circuitsare destroyed
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Power Flow After Optimal Interdiction
Terrorist resource
Load shedding and cost
Multiple scenarios can be easily compared
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BUS 23
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Period Shed (MW) Shed (MWh)
0-72 h 1,373 98,856
Plan
Total: 98,856 MWh
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72-768 h 708 492,768
Total: 557,712 MWh
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Total: 272,160 MWh
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Total: 1,587,744
577,7281,416360-720 h
782,2082,71672-360 h
227,8083,1640-72 hLines: A30, A33-2
Transformers: A7, B7Buses: 115, 118, 215, 218
Substations: Sub-A2, Sub-B2
RTS-Two-AreasMIP
Total: 1,547,208
577,7281,416360-768 h
969,4802,6930-360 hBuses: 116, 118, 215, 218
Substations: Sub-A1, Sub-A2, Sub-B1, Sub-B2
RTS-Two-Areas
HEURISTIC
EnergyShed (MWh)
PowerShed (MW)
TimePeriod
Directly Interdicted Components.Resource: M=24
Case/Algorithm
Total: 1,115,424
985,5361,41672-768 h
129,8881,8040-72 hLines: A23, B23
Transformers: A7, B7Substations: Sub-A2, Sub-B2
RTS-Two-AreasMIP
Total: 1,087,488
1,087,4881,4160-768Substations: Sub-A1, Sub-A2, Sub-B1, Sub-
B2
RTS-Two-Areas
HEURISTIC
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