Keywords / ConceptsPsychologist Keywords

Pavlov Classical ConditioningUnconditioned Stimulus/ResponseConditioned Stimulus/Response

Harlow Learning to LearnPhysical Contact ComfortPeer Contact

Skinner Operant ConditioningReinforcementReinforcement Schedule

Seligman Learning HelplessnessExplanatory StyleInternality

Bandura Social Learning TheorySelf Efficacy TheoryModeling

Classical Conditioning:• A process of behavior modification by which a subject

comes to respond in a desired manner to a previously neutral stimulus that has been repeatedly presented along with an unconditioned stimulus that elicits the desired response.

• The Office, College ConditioningVocab:

• Unconditioned Stimulus – event that leads to obvious response w/out training

• Unconditioned Response – obvious response w/out training

Pavlov

Vocab:• Conditioned Stimulus – event that under normal

circumstances would not create a response• Conditioned Response – learned response to the

conditioned stimulus• Generalization - respond to something similar to CS• Discrimination – respond differently to different stimuli• Extinction – if CS is not presented, the CR will die out

Dog Experiment:• Unconditioned Stimulus / Response: meat powder /

salivation• Condtioned Stimulus / Response: bell ring / salivation

Pavlov

Keywords / ConceptsPsychologist Keywords

Pavlov Classical ConditioningUnconditioned Stimulus/ResponseConditioned Stimulus/Response

Harlow Learning to LearnPhysical Contact ComfortPeer Contact

Skinner Operant ConditioningReinforcementReinforcement Schedule

Seligman Learning HelplessnessExplanatory StyleInternality

Bandura Social Learning TheorySelf Efficacy TheoryModeling

Operant Conditioning:• Behavior modification because of a reward or punishment• Operant conditioning is different than classical conditioning

because operant conditioning focuses on voluntary behaviors (classical conditioning focuses on reflexes and involuntary behaviors)

• Pigeon• Big Bang Theory

Reinforcement & Punishment:• Reinforcement causes a behavior to happen more often• Punishment causes a behavior to happen less often

Skinner

Reinforcement & Punishment:• Positive Reinforcement (reward)• Negative Reinforcement (removal of a negative, ex noise)• Positive Punishment (punishment, ex shock)• Negative Punishment (penalty, ex take away a toy)

Reinforcement Schedule:• Ratio Schedule (reinforcement depends only on the # of responses)• Continuous Reinforcement (every behavior is reinforced)• Fixed Ratio (every nth behavior is rewarded)• Variable Ratio (the # of responses necessary to produce

reinforcement varies)• Fixed Interval (reinforced after every nth amount of time )• Variable Interval (reinforced at periodic amounts of time)

Skinner