Keystone Exam Review

Helpful Hints & Tips

Answer Review for Practice Assessment

• Short Answers – Samples from Students6. The author describes the spider leap as

astonishing. His word usage shows his interest and fascination toward the spiders. The spiders are classified as very deadly as related by the author’s use of the word deadly.

Answer Review for Practice Assessment

• Short Answers – Samples from Students6. He uses the words “astonishing” and “deadly” to

describe his attitude towards spiders. The author thinks it’s amazing that such a small insect can be such a complex killing machine. He is very intrigued about how the spider works and how each one has a different method of killing its prey.

Answer Review for Practice Assessment

• Short Answers – Samples from Students7. The author achieves the purpose of entertaining

the reader by using many descriptive words, such as “short silk thread tipped with a drop of glue.” Words such as these make the passage easier to read. The author achieves the purpose of informing by including many facts, such as “spiders emit a pheromone that mimics that of female moths.”

Sample Test Questions

• Fiction– http://www.tesd.k12.pa.us/cms/lib/

PA01001259/Centricity/Domain/93/20121112092016743.pdf

• Nonfiction (pg. 37)– http://static.pdesas.org/Content/Documents/

Keystone_Literature_Feb_2011_Item_and_Scoring_Sampler.pdf

Sample Test Questions

Test Taking Strategies

Test Taking Strategies

Test Taking Strategies• Actively read

• Read questions BEFORE reading the story selection.

• Underline KEY WORDS in the question so that you have an idea of what to focus on.

• Reread, edit and revise your writing response.

• Be sure to reread the writing response question and ANSWER it.– Include story details in your answer.

Period 2 – Terms Review

Highlighted Terms – Request to Review All of Them

• Fold your paper into 3 columns.

• Important for you to mark down & figure out what will make YOU remember each term.

• The test will ask questions that will require you to APPLY the definition to a reading.

Word Definition How I will remember this

AffixPrefix or suffix added onto the beginning or

ending of a word

Common Prefixeshttp://teacher.scholastic.com/reading/bestpractices/vocabulary/pdf/prefixes_suffixes.pdf

Allegory• Form of extended metaphor

• Objects, persons, actions in narrative = deeper, abstract meanings

• Moral, religious, political significance

Alliteration

• Repetition of initial sounds in neighboring words

Allusion• Implied (reader figures out) or indirect

reference in literature to a famous person, place or event

• Which of these is NOT an allusion?

Analysis• Process or result of identifying the parts of

a whole and their relationship to each other.

Bias

• Subtle presence of a positive or negative viewpoint on a topic

Satire• Similar to allegory in some ways…

– Characters DO NOT represent abstract meanings

• Ridicules or examines human vices (evil personality traits) or human weaknesses– Reader has to “be in on the joke” – what’s

being ridiculed

What is being satirized in this political cartoon?

Connotation• Denotation = dictionary definition of a word

• Connotation = attitude or feelings associated with that word

Cultural Significance

• Generally accepted importance of a work representing a given culture

Defense of a Claim

• Support/evidence provided to make a point believable or reasonable

Dialect• Varied form of a language – regional

differences in word usage and pronunciation

Diction• Author’s choice of words, sentence

structure, figurative language that creates a mood and tone

Notice the root word in the title above.

Dramatic Script

• Written text of a play– Dialogue– Stage directions– Expository/background info

Elements of Fiction

• Traits that mark a narrative (story) as imaginative

• Ex. plot, theme, symbol

Explicit vs. Implicit

• Explicit = statements fully expressed in text

• Implicit = statements implied or inferred– Reader has to make an educated response

based on the plot and character information.

Explicit vs. Implicit - ExampleThe Fault in Our Stars:Late in the winter of my seventeenth year, my mother decided I was

depressed, presumably because I rarely left the house, spent quite a lot of time in bed, read the same book over and over, ate infrequently, and devoted quite a bit of my abundant free time to thinking about death.

Whenever you read a cancer booklet or website or whatever, they always list depression among the side effects of cancer. But, in fact, depression is not a side effect of cancer. Depression is a side effect of dying. (Cancer is also a side effect of dying. Almost everything is, really.) But my mom believed I required treatment, so she took me to see my Regular Doctor Jim, who agreed that I was veritably swimming in a paralyzing and totally clinical depression, and that therefore my meds should be adjusted and also I should attend a weekly Support Group.

This Support Group featured a rotating cast of characters in various states of tumor-driven unwellness. Why did the cast rotate? A side effect of dying.

Name an explicit plot detail. What is implicit in this excerpt?

Monologue vs. Soliloquy• Monologue = one speech by one

character, either in the presence of others or alone

• Soliloquy = actor alone (SOLO) on stage, delivering a speech

Literary Devices vs. Literary Elements• Literary Devices = tools used by an author

to bring the text to life and provide a voice– Ex. dialogue, alliteration, all figurative

language– Devices dazzle the reader. (memory trick)

• Literary Elements = essential technique used in literature – parts of the text– Ex. characterization, setting, plot, theme

Literary Forms

• Overall structure, shape or design of the text

• Sometimes follows set form – nontraditional forms, as well– Ex. narrative, short story, stanza, verse

Literary Movements

http://www.online-literature.com/periods/timeline.php

Motif• Recurring theme, symbol or idea in a

literary work

Common fairy tale motifs

•Fire

•Water

•Love will conquer all.

•Good wins over evil.

Propaganda Techniques

Name calling

Emotional appeal

Propaganda Techniques

Testimonial – sometimes celebrity appeals

Propaganda Techniques

Repetition

Propaganda Techniques

http://prezi.com/lvn_qosdmdd4/copy-of-propaganda-persuasive-techniques/

Propaganda Techniques

Propaganda Techniques

Satire• Similar to allegory in some ways…

– Characters DO NOT represent abstract meanings

• Ridicules or examines human vices (evil personality traits) or human weaknesses– Reader has to “be in on the joke” – what’s

being ridiculed

What is being satirized in this political cartoon?

Sequence of Steps

• Literature that presents information in order that it occurs.

Sound Devices•Elements of literature that emphasize sound.

•Ex. assonance, consonance, alliteration, rhyme, onomatopoeia

Stage Directions

Syntax

• Ordering of words into meaningful patterns, such as phrases, clauses and sentences

Tone

• Attitude of the author towards a topic or subject– Reader needs to infer this through the plot,

character actions and thoughts.• Ex. Serious, playful, humorous, somber tone

Universal Character

• Character who symbolically embodies familiar values, personality traits and character types.– Ex. dreamer, hero, villain, rebel

Universal Significance

• Generally accepted importance of a work as it represents culture and/or a time period

Period 3

Terms Requested

• Fold your paper into 3 columns.

• Important for you to mark down & figure out what will make YOU remember each term.

• The test will ask questions that will require you to APPLY the definition to a reading.

Word Definition How I will remember this

Period 6

Terms to Review

• Fold your paper into 3 columns.

• Important for you to mark down & figure out what will make YOU remember each term.

• The test will ask questions that will require you to APPLY the definition to a reading.

Word Definition How I will remember this