key knowledge 4.1.3
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Comparing health status of developing countries to Australia
Unit 4 Outcome 1
Dt Pt 3 Ch 8.2
p. 272 - 277
Unit 4 Global Health
Key Knowledge 4.1.3
Similarities and differences in health status and human development between developing countries and Australia in relation to morbidity, mortality, life expectancy, burden of disease & Human Development Index
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-k4aqRcwUR0
Life expectancy: an indication of how long a person can expect to live; it is the average number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change. (p272)
AustraliaDeveloping Countries
Higher Life ExpectancyM = 79 F= 84 (2006)HALE – M = 71 F = 74
(2002)
Due to:Decent std of livingAdequate EducationAdvances in Medical
technologiesAccess to health careAssessing causes of death
Higher Mortality Strata of the country the lower Life Expectancy
African Region M = 50 F = 52 (‘06)HALE M = 40 F = 42 (2002)
Due to:Lack of sanitationLack of nutritious and safe foodsLack of clean and safe water
supplyLack of access or availability to
health care
A Tale of Two GirlsThis feature contrasts the lives of two baby
girls, one born in Japan and one born in Sierra Leone where the average life expectancy for women differs by 50 years.
Under 5 Mortality Rate: is the number of deaths of children under 5 years of age per 1,000 live births (p273)
Australia Developing Countries Low U5MR
6 per 1,000 live births
Due to: Advances in medical technologies Access to appropriate maternal
and child healthcare Sanitation, clean safe water and
hygienic conditions Immunisation Health Knowledge of mothers Nutritional health of mothers Income and food availability Safety of child’s environment Development and health of child
– immune systems more developed
High U5MRSierra Leone – 262 per 1,000 live
births
Due to: Communicable & preventable
diseases (↓availability of immunisation, antibiotics)
Malnutrition – mother / child Complications during birth,
premature or low birth weight Under developed immune systems Lack of education Lack of basic resources – safe water,
hygienic living conditions, adequate shelter, poverty, insecticide treated mosquito nets to prevent malaria
Unsafe environment & play areas – landmines, conflict
Inadequate feeding practices
Infant Mortality Rate: refers to the number of deaths that occur in the first year of life. It is reported by the actual number of deaths per 1,000 live births
AustraliaDeveloping Countries
Low Infant Mortality5 per 1,000 live births (‘07)
Due to same reasons as U5MR - ie Advances in medical
technologies Access to appropriate maternal
and child healthcare Sanitation, clean safe water and
hygienic conditions Immunisation Health Knowledge of mothers
High Infant MortalitySierra Leone – 1 in 155 per 1,000
live births (‘07)
Due to same reasons as U5MR - ie Communicable & preventable
diseases (↓availability of immunisation, antibiotics)
Malnutrition – mother / child Under developed immune systems Lack of education Lack of basic resources – safe
water, hygienic living conditions, adequate shelter, poverty, insecticide treated mosquito nets to prevent malaria
Leading Cause of Under 5 Mortality
AustraliaDeveloping Countries
Injury & poisoningNeoplasm's -
cancersDiseases of the
nervous systemCongenital
malformations
Are associated with malnutrition and preventable causesAcute respiratory infections –
pneumoniaDiarrhoeal diseasesPrematurity & low birth weightNeonatal infectionsBirth asphyxia and traumaMalariaAfrican Region – HIV/AIDSMeasles also significant cause
Maternal Mortality: refers to the number of deaths of women due to pregnancy or childbirth-related complications
Australia Developing Countries
Low Maternal Mortality- 1 per 13,000 live births
Due to:Women receiving highly
skilled attendance at the birth of their child
Excellent antenatal careAccess to immunizationsGood nutrition, hygiene and
adequate restPotential complications are
diagnosed and treatedPaid maternal leave
High Maternal Mortality.- Sierra Leone – 1 in 8 at risk of Maternal Mortality
Due to: Complications Lack of trained medical staff at birth Lack of antenatal care Poor nutrition Lack of clean and safe water supply. Working long hours before and after
birth Lack of and access to, healthcare
services (i.e. hospitals, abortions, family planning)
Pregnancy at a young age Gender inequality – lack of education Poverty – lack of money for care and
treatmentView: YouTube clip ‘No Woman Should Die Giving Birth: Maternal Mortality in Sierra Leone’
Mortality: number of deaths caused by a particular disease, illness or other environmental factors (p274)
Australia Developing Countries
Ischemic Heart diseasesCerebrovascular diseaseLung CancerLower respiratory infectionsChronic obstructive
pulmonary diseaseAlzheimer and other
dementiasColon and rectum cancersDiabetes MellitusProstrate CancerBreast Cancer
Lower Respiratory Infections
Coronary Heart DiseaseDiarrheal diseasesHIV / AIDSCerebrovascular diseaseInfections and parasitic
diseases – lung infections, TB, Malaria
Can you?Identify the leading causes of death for
each country – are they communicable or non-communicable?
Describe the mortality profile of AustraliaDescribe the mortality profile of ZimbabweDescribe key differences in mortality
profilesExplain why there are significant
differences between the two countriesIdentify some similarities between the two
countries mortality profile.
Morbidity:
Ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group.
Much of the data on morbidity is reflected by the burden of disease, however this also includes mortality rates
Burden of disease:
a measure of the impact of diseases and injuries; specifically it measures the gap between the current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. It is measured in a unit called DALY.
YLL + YLD = DALY
1 DALY is one lost year of healthy life
Burden of Disease (P275)
AustraliaDeveloping Countries
Leading causes of disease, injury and disability include: Ischemic Heart DiseaseStrokeDepressionLung CancerDementiaDiabetes MellitusAsthmaOsteoarthritisRoad Trauma
Leading causes of injury,disease and disability is:HIV / AIDS (Africa)Lower Respiratory
Infections (Africa)Diarrhoeal diseases (Africa)MalnutritionInfectious diseasesReproductive ill health
(women only)LandminesMental IllnessRefer to your fact sheets
HIV/AIDSSerious social, economic & medical issue
in many developing countriesSignificant cause of mortality & morbidityHIV - Human immuno-deficiency virusCauses damage to the body’s immune
system, and usually results in AIDS - acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome Once infected, a person can pass virus onto others
View: Youtube clip - The Gift
Effects of HIV/AIDS
More susceptible to illnesses such as: Respiratory
infections - TBDiarrhoeaFeverWeight lossCancer
Other effects?Loss of incomeCant afford
medical attentionShame/guiltCan’t provide
basic needs to family
Isolation from community
Questions: HIV/AIDS
Read page277 -- HIV/AIDS , answer the following questionsWhat is HIV/AIDS?Who is at greatest risk of contracting the
disease and why?Which classification of country has the
highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS?How is HIV/AIDS transmitted?How can it be treated?HIV/AIDS is one of the factors contributing
to ongoing poverty in developing countries – Explain
What infections are individuals with HIV/AIDS more susceptible to?
Future in Global HealthDue to a small percentage of wealthy people within populations, changes in lifestyles behaviours (diet, smoking, alcohol), improvements in education, safe water, sanitation and immunisation will bring about changes in the burden of disease experienced.
Some countries will experience a ‘double burden of disease’.
Some causes that are already prevalent in Developed countries will become more prevalent in developing countries.
Communicable disease to decrease and non-communicable to increase and LE to increase.P280 – 281 - table
10 facts GBD & GBD handout & quest. 08E (oxford)
DALYS2004 2030
Lower Respiratory Disease
Unipolar Depression
Diarrhoeal disease
Ischemic heart Disease
Depression Road Traffic Accidents
Mortality2004 2030
Ischemic heart Disease
Ischemic heart Disease
Cerebrovascular disease
Cerebrovascular disease
Lower Respiratory Disease
Chronic Pulmonary Disease
Home work tasksComplete Test your knowledge 1 - 6Apply your knowledge 7 – 13
Data Analysis Handout Tasks