Key domestic events Key domestic events after the 1890safter the 1890s

SOL VUS.9SOL VUS.9

Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy The Secretary of State, John The Secretary of State, John

Hay, proposed a policy that Hay, proposed a policy that would give all nations equal would give all nations equal trading rights in China.trading rights in China.

President Taft urged American President Taft urged American banks and businesses to banks and businesses to invest in Latin America.invest in Latin America.

He promised that the He promised that the United States would step United States would step in if unrest threatened in if unrest threatened their investments.their investments.

Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy

Growth in International Growth in International TradeTrade

Occurred from the Occurred from the late 1800s to World late 1800s to World War 1.War 1.

This was the This was the firstfirst era of a true era of a true “global economy.”“global economy.”

Spanish American WarSpanish American War Puerto RicoPuerto Rico was annexed by the was annexed by the

United States.United States. The United States asserted the The United States asserted the right right

to intervene in Cuban affairsto intervene in Cuban affairs..

Panama Canal & the Role Panama Canal & the Role of Theodore Rooseveltof Theodore Roosevelt

The United States encourage The United States encourage Panama’s independence from Panama’s independence from Colombia.Colombia.

Parties negotiated a treaty to Parties negotiated a treaty to build the canal.build the canal.

HawaiiHawaii United States’ efforts depose United States’ efforts depose

Hawaii’s monarchy.Hawaii’s monarchy. U.S. annexes Hawaii.U.S. annexes Hawaii.

PhilippinesPhilippines This territory was Annexed after This territory was Annexed after

the Spanish American War.the Spanish American War.

Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy Urged Urged all foreignersall foreigners in China to in China to

obey Chinese law, and observe obey Chinese law, and observe fair competition.fair competition.

U.S. Involvement in World U.S. Involvement in World War IWar I

The war began in Europe in 1914 The war began in Europe in 1914 when Germany and Austria-when Germany and Austria-Hungary went to War with Britain, Hungary went to War with Britain, France, and Russia.France, and Russia.

For three years, For three years, America America remained neutralremained neutral, and there , and there was strong sentiment not to get was strong sentiment not to get involved in a European war.involved in a European war.

The decision to enter the war was The decision to enter the war was the the result of continuing result of continuing German submarine warfareGerman submarine warfare (freedom of the seas) and (freedom of the seas) and American ties to Great Britain.American ties to Great Britain.

Americans wanted to “Americans wanted to “make make the world safe for the world safe for democracydemocracy.” (Woodrow .” (Woodrow Wilson)Wilson)

America’s military resources of America’s military resources of soldiers and war materials soldiers and war materials tipped the balance of the war tipped the balance of the war and led to Germany’s defeat.and led to Germany’s defeat.

Fourteen PointsFourteen Points Wilson’s plan to eliminate the Wilson’s plan to eliminate the

causes of war.causes of war.

Key IdeasKey Ideas Self-determination Self-determination – This is – This is

the principle that it is the right the principle that it is the right of the people to determine of the people to determine their own government forms their own government forms and structures. This was used and structures. This was used to decide boundaries at the to decide boundaries at the end of WWI.end of WWI.

Freedom of the seaFreedom of the sea

There would be freedom of the seas in war and in peace.

League of NationsLeague of Nations

This was the concept of Woodrow Wilson. He wanted an international association of nations to help settle disputes between countries through diplomacy and negotiations.

Mandate systemMandate system

German colonies were to be known as mandates. The control of German colonies would be under the administration of the League of Nations.

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles The French and English The French and English

insisted on punishment of insisted on punishment of GermanyGermany

A League of Nations was A League of Nations was created by the Treaty of created by the Treaty of Versailles. Versailles. The United The United States was never a States was never a member of the League of member of the League of Nations.Nations.

National boundaries were National boundaries were redrawnredrawn, creating many new , creating many new nations including:nations including:

PolandPoland

CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia

YugoslaviaYugoslavia

League debate in the League debate in the United StatesUnited States

Objections to U.S. foreign Objections to U.S. foreign policy decisions being made policy decisions being made by an international by an international organization, not by U.S. organization, not by U.S. leadersleaders, was a major reason , was a major reason for the Senate to reject the for the Senate to reject the League and the Treaty of League and the Treaty of Versailles. Versailles.

Senate reluctance to give Senate reluctance to give up control of foreign up control of foreign relationsrelations resulted in the resulted in the Senate’s failure to approve Senate’s failure to approve Treaty of Versailles.Treaty of Versailles.

Causes of the Great Causes of the Great DepressionDepression

Overspeculation on stocksOverspeculation on stocks using borrowed money that using borrowed money that could not be repaid when the could not be repaid when the stock market crashed in 1929 stock market crashed in 1929 and stock prices collapsed.and stock prices collapsed.

The Federal Reserve took limited The Federal Reserve took limited action to strengthen the action to strengthen the weakened economy. weakened economy. Although it Although it lowered interest rates, it did not lowered interest rates, it did not act to prevent bank failures. act to prevent bank failures. Federal Reserve’s failure to Federal Reserve’s failure to prevent widespread collapse of prevent widespread collapse of the nation’s banking system in the the nation’s banking system in the late 1920s and early 1930s, led to late 1920s and early 1930s, led to severe contraction in the nation’s severe contraction in the nation’s supply of money in circulation.supply of money in circulation.

High protective tariffsHigh protective tariffs that that produced retaliatory tariffs in produced retaliatory tariffs in other countries strangled other countries strangled world trade. This included world trade. This included the Tariff Act of 1930, the Tariff Act of 1930, popularly called the Hawley-popularly called the Hawley-Smoot Act.Smoot Act.

Impact from the Great Impact from the Great DepressionDepression

Unemployment and Unemployment and homelessnesshomelessness

Collapse of financial system Collapse of financial system (bank closings)(bank closings)

Political unrest (growing Political unrest (growing militancy of labor unions)militancy of labor unions)

Farm foreclosures and migrationFarm foreclosures and migration

Mother Nature also contributed to Mother Nature also contributed to the dire circumstances of the the dire circumstances of the farmer during the Great farmer during the Great Depression. Giant dust storms Depression. Giant dust storms blew away the topsoil. Soon the blew away the topsoil. Soon the area was known as the Dust Bowl.area was known as the Dust Bowl.

“Arkies” from Arkansas and “Okies” from Oklahama left the desolation of the Dust Bowl to settle in California.

New Deal (Franklin New Deal (Franklin Roosevelt)Roosevelt)

This program changed the This program changed the role of the government to a role of the government to a more active participant in more active participant in solving problems.solving problems.

Roosevelt rallied a frightened Roosevelt rallied a frightened nation in which one in four nation in which one in four workers was unemployed. workers was unemployed. Roosevelt told the nation, Roosevelt told the nation, ““We have nothing to fear, We have nothing to fear, but fear itselfbut fear itself.”.”

Relief measures provided Relief measures provided direct reliefdirect relief to people for to people for immediate help. immediate help.

The Works Progress Administration –WPA – provided work AND WAGES to the unemployed on useful projects.

Recovery programs were designed Recovery programs were designed to bring nation out of depressionto bring nation out of depression

The Agricultural Adjustment Administration – AAA – made available millions of dollars for farmers to meet their mortgages and also paid farmers to decrease crops in hopes of increasing crop prices.

Reform measures corrected Reform measures corrected unsound banking and unsound banking and investment practicesinvestment practices

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation – FDIC – insured deposits in banks.

Social Security Act offered Social Security Act offered safeguards for workers.safeguards for workers.

This act was designed to provide security for old age.

1. What country did Panama 1. What country did Panama gain its independence from?gain its independence from?

Colombia

2. After the Spanish American 2. After the Spanish American War, the United States gained War, the United States gained the territory of the territory of _________________ which had _________________ which had been torn by insurrection.been torn by insurrection.

The Philippines

3. What nation’s resources tipped 3. What nation’s resources tipped the scale in favor of the Allied the scale in favor of the Allied Powers and led to Germany’s Powers and led to Germany’s defeat?defeat?

The United States

4. Why did the United States 4. Why did the United States reject the League of Nations?reject the League of Nations?

The Senate did not want to give up control of foreign policy to the League of Nations.

5. What was the main cause of 5. What was the main cause of the Great Depression?the Great Depression?

Overspeculation of stocks

6. What effect did the high tariffs 6. What effect did the high tariffs such as Smoot-Hawley have?such as Smoot-Hawley have?

World trade was harmed and this contributed to the Great Depression.

7. What limited action did the 7. What limited action did the Federal Reserve take to help Federal Reserve take to help the economy? the economy?

It lowered interests but did not prevent bank failures.

8. How did Mother Nature 8. How did Mother Nature contribute to the Great contribute to the Great Depression?Depression?

The Dust Bowl caused farmers to loose their farms due to drought. Many of these farmers moved to California.

9. Name three countries 9. Name three countries formed after WWI.formed after WWI.

Poland, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia

10. What did Great Britain and 10. What did Great Britain and France insist on in the Treaty of France insist on in the Treaty of Versailles?Versailles?

The punishment of Germany

11. What was the goal of 11. What was the goal of American expansionists?American expansionists?

The goal was to expand markets for American goods. This would increase the export trade.

12. What type of relief was 12. What type of relief was given by the WPA?given by the WPA?

Direct relief

13. What did the AAA do to try to help farmers?

It paid farmers to not produce crops in hopes of increasing prices.

14. What was a goal of the 14. What was a goal of the New Deal?New Deal?

To protect citizens and help them get back on their feet

15. Why did the U. S. 15. Why did the U. S. construct the Panama Canal?construct the Panama Canal?

To increase trade routes