key book science 3 · c arteries d things c circulatory system d muscular system a organs b veins...

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Exercise

3 Which system is the main controller of human body?

Answer the following questions.

Ans: A system is formed when different organs join together to do a specific job .

Ans: In skeletal system there are skull, backbone, ribs and other bones. This

system gives shape and support to the body.

Ans: Circulatory system circulates the blood in the body.

Ans: Brain (Nervous system) is the main controller of human body.

Ans: Nose, windpipe and lungs, make a respiratory system.

How is a system formed?1

What is a skeletal system?2

What is the function of circulatory system?4

Which organs make a respiratory system?5

Fill in the blanks.

1 Each organ has a specific function.

2 A human body has 206 bones.

3 Muscles are attached to bones .

Heart pumps blood to all parts of our body.4

Respiratory system is also called breathing system.5

Tick (ü) or cross (û).

Skeletal system gives shape and support to the body.2 P

There are very few organs in human body.1 O

Circle the right answer.

There are many ______________ in our body

like brain, heart, lungs etc.

1

2 A ______________ is formed when different organs

join together to do a specific job.

3 __________________ transports gases, food and materials

from one part of body to the other.

organ framework a b

arteries thingsc d

Circulatory system Muscular systemc d

organs veinsa b

The heart, arteries, veins and other blood vessels form the

nervous system.

5 O

There are hundreds of muscles in our body.3 P

Brain is an important organ of nervous system.4 P

structure systemc d

Respiratory system Nervous systema b

Match the following columns.

Circulatory system nose, windpipe and lungs

Respiratory system brain, spinal cord and nerves

Muscular system heart, arteries, veins and vessels

Skeletal system muscles

Nervous system skull, backbone and ribs

6

organs

system

Respiratory system

8

Exercise

3 Where does the middle ear exist?


Ans: Ear has three parts: outer ear, middle ear and inner ear.

Ans: The part of the ear which we can see is called outer ear.

Ans: When the sound enters the middle ear, three tiny bones hammer, anvil and

stirrup, inside it vibrate and carry the vibration to the inner ear.

Ans: Behind the eardrum is the middle ear.

Ans: The inner ear is a small tube called cochlea. It looks like is a snail’s shell. It has many small nerves. These nerves carry sound message to the brain

and brain tells us about the sound.

How many parts does an ear have? Write their names.1

Define outer ear.2

What happens when sounds enter the middle ear?4

Define inner ear.5

Fill in the blanks.

1 Ears are our hearing organs.

2 The part of the ear which we can see is called outer ear.

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3 Middle ear consists of three tiny bones: hammer, anvil and stirrup.

The inner ear is a small tube called cochlea.4

The people who cannot hear any sound are called deaf .5

______________ has an ear canal.1

2 Sounds enter through the canal and reach the:

3 Middle ear consists of three tiny:



hammer anvila b

veins nerves a b

Inner ear all of thesec d

Outer ear Middle eara b

cochlea eardrum c d

bones tubesc d

The ear has three parts: a small tube called cochlea

The middle ear consists of any sound are called deaf

The inner ear is an ear canal

The people who cannot hear outer ear, middle ear and inner ear

The outer ear has three tiny bones: hammer, anvil and stirrup

Outer ear

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Exercise

3 How do human beings and animals breathe?


Ans: All living things need food to stay alive.

Ans: Plants do not move like animals and humans beings, they can move their leaves and flowers.

Ans: Living things grow in size and weight. A baby grows into an adult and a

chick grows into a bird.

Ans: Human beings and animals inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide.

Ans: Plants also reproduce. Seeds of plants germinate and grow.

Why do living things need food?1

How do plants move?2

How do living things grow? Give an example.4

How do plants reproduce their own kind?5

Fill in the blanks.

1 All living things need food to stay alive .

2 Animals eat plants and some other animals .

3 Living things show movement of different kinds.

Sunflower bend towards the light.4

A baby grows into an adult .5


Human beings lay eggs.4 O

Plants make their own food.1 P

Plants also reproduce their own kind.5 P

Plants can move like human beings and animals.2 O

Living things do not feel changes around them.3 O



All living things need ______________ to stay alive.1

2 Living things use ______________ to do work, to move and to grow.

3 ______________ cannot move like human beings and animals.

vitamins proteins a b

Insects Birdsa b

minerals placec d

carbon dioxide food a b

energy calcium c d

Amphibians Plantsc d

We see many movement of different kinds

Living things show reproduce their own kind

‘Touch Me Not’ is a plant to the ground with their roots

All living things living things around us

Plants are fixed which folds leaves when someone touches it

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food

energy

Plants

16

Exercise

3 What are warm-blooded animals? Give examples.


Ans: Vertebrates are the animals with backbone. Some vertebrates are

cold-blooded and some are warm-blooded.

Ans: Cold-blooded animals are those animals which can change their body

temperature according to their surroundings, like fish and snake etc.

Ans: Mammals are warm-blooded animals which have hair on their bodies.

Quantity of hair depends upon their atmosphere. They breathe through

the pair of lungs.

Ans: Warm-blooded animals are those animals who cannot change their body

temperature, like pigeon, parrot and cow etc.

Ans: Reptiles are cold-blooded animals. They can change their body

temperature. Skin of reptiles is covered with scales. They breathe through

the pair of lungs. Reptiles have four limbs but snakes do not. They lay eggs.

What are vertebrates?1

What are cold-blooded animals? Give examples.2

Write three sentences about mammals.4

What do you know about reptiles?5

Fill in the blanks.

1 Fish are cold-blooded animals.

2 Most amphibians have wet and smooth skin.

3 Birds are warm-blooded vertebrates .

Birds have very sharp eyesight .4

Skin of reptiles is covered with scales .5

Classify the following vertebrates as fish, amphibians, reptiles,

birds and mammals. cat, dog, dolphin, shark, turtle, lion, rat, trout, frog, kangaroo,

toad, salamander, crocodile, snake, pigeon, parrot, sparrow

Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals

trout frog

kangaroo

crocodile pigeon lion

dolphin salamander snake parrot rat

shark toad turtle sparrow

dog

cat

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Vertebrates have:1

2 The body of a fish is divided into ______________ parts.

3 Amphibians are ______________ animals.

white bloodedblue bloodedc d


Fish wet and smooth skin

Amphibians feathers, wings, beak and claws

Reptiles hair on the body

Birds scales

Mammals fins, gills and scales

claws feathers jaws skeleton da b c

fivefourthreetwoa b dc

warm-bloodedcold-bloodeda b

three

cold-blooded

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feelers

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Exercise

3 Write the names of some animals with shells.


Ans: Invertebrates are the animals without backbone. They have no bony

skeleton.

Ans: Their skeleton is made up of calcium. They live in water. They have tube

feet which help them to swim.

Ans: The body of an insect has three parts: head, thorax and abdomen.

Ans: Snail, pearl oyster and mussel.

Ans: Worms are of many types like earth worms, round worms, flat worms,

segmented worms etc. Worms have tube-like body.

What are invertebrates?1

What are the characteristics of animals with spiny skin?2

Write down the body parts of an insect. 4

Write briefly about worms.5

Fill in the blanks.

1 Animals with spiny skin have tube feet.

2 Shell is made of calcium .

3 A mussel has shell in two parts.

Abdomen is the last part of an insect body.4

Earth worms live in moist soil. 5


Animals with spiny skin have sharp spines on their bodies. 1 P

Animals with shells have soft body inside. 2 P

An insect has three feelers. 4 O

Shelled animals live in moist soil. 3 P

Most of the animals have four legs.5 P

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______________ animals live in moist soil, fresh water and sea:1


Shelled Arthropodsa b

3 ______________ live in the bodies of human beings and animals:

Worms Mussels c d

2 The body of the animals with jointed legs are called:

worms shellsa b

spiny animals arthropodsc d

Segmented all of thesec d

Snails Parasitesa b

Animals with spiny skin head, thorax and abdomen

Animals with shells animals with jointed legs

Worms starfish, sea urchin and stingray

Arthropods snail, pearl oyster and mussel

Insect round, flat and segmented

Segmented

Parasites

A deer eats grass and lion eats deer . 5

A food chain starts with a plant and ends on a decomposer4 .

3 Omnivores eat both plants and flesh of other animals.

2 Carnivores are the animals which eat flesh of other animals.

1 Carnivores have strong jaws and sharp teeth.

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Exercise

3 What are the characteristics of carnivores?


Ans: Animals can be divided into three groups. Herbivores, Carnivores,

Omnivores

Ans: Herbivores are the animals which eat plants only. They have flat teeth to

chew plants. Cow, horse, elephant and goat are some herbivores.

Ans: Omnivores are the animals which eat both plants and flesh of other.

animals.

Ans: Carnivores are the animals which eat flesh of other animals. They have

strong jaws and sharp teeth to tear off and chew the flesh of animals.

Ans: Animals cannot make their own food. They eat other animals. In this way,

energy transfers from one link to the other and food relationship is

developed among them called “Food Chain”. For examples a deer eats

grass and lion eats deer. A rabbit eats carrots, wolf eats rabbit and lion eats

wolf.

In how many groups can the animals be divided?1

What are herbivores? Explain with examples.2

What do the omnivores eat?4

What is a food chain? Give some examples of food chain.5

Fill in the blanks.

feet jawsc d

claws tailsa b

plants meat and plantsc d

meat grainsa b

Plants Bacteriac d

Animals Humansa b

Most food chains do not have more than four or five links.5 P

Energy transfers from one link to the other link.4 P

Lion, tiger, crocodile and shark are carnivores.3 P

Herbivores are the animals which eat meat.2 O

Animals are only herbivores and carnivores.1 O

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______________ can be herbivores, carnivores and omnivores.1

2 Herbivores are the animals which eat ______________ only.

3 Carnivores have strong ______________ and sharp teeth.


Animals can be their own food

Herbivores eat herbivores, carnivores and omnivores

Carnivores have bear, monkey, crow, cock and peacock

Some omnivores are plants only

Animals cannot make strong jaws and sharp teeth

Animals

plants

jaws

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Exercise

3 What is meant by node?


Ans: Stem gives support to the plant and bears branches, leaves, flowers and

fruits. Stem carries water and dissolved salts from the roots to the leaves

of the plant.

Ans: Bud is the small bumpy part of the stem.

Ans: Leaves make their food in the presence of chlorophyll, water, air and

sunlight.This process is called photosynthesis.

Ans: Node is a place on the stem where a leaf grows.

Ans: The functions of shoot system include: photosynthesis, the process

of reproduction, storage of food and transport of water with dissolved

minerals to the plant.

What is the function of a stem?1

What is meant by bud?2

What is photosynthesis? 4

What are the functions of shoot system?5

Fill in the blanks.

1 Stem is the major part of shoot system.

2 Stem has nodes, internodes and buds .

3 Bud is a small bumpy part of the stem.

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A leaf has many small veins which carry water.4

Fruit protects the seeds .5


A leaf has many small:1

2 Leaves have green coloured substance, called:

3 Flowers grow into:

4 ______________ grows into a new plant.


flowers linesa b

veins nodec d

new flowers branches c d

Root Stemc d

veins coloursc d

Shoot system includes parts of plant above the ground.1 P

Leaves are coloured part of the plant.3

Bud is a place on the stem where a leaf grows.2 O

Leaves have green substance, called chlorophyll.4 P

Seed grows into a new plant.5 P

mesophyll chlorophyll a b

seeds fruitsa b

Seed Trunka b

O

Seed

30

Exercise

3 What is the function of fibrous roots?


Ans: The root system consists of taproots, fibrous roots, tuberous roots, root

hair and root caps.

Ans: The first root of a plant originated in the embryo is called primary root.

The primary root develops into taproot.

Ans: The root cap is the section of tissues at the tip of the plant root. The root

cap protects the growing tip in the plant. The root cap keeps the root safe

from damage.

Ans: These roots fix the plant tightly into the soil, absorb water and extract the

nutrients.

Ans: The functions of root system are to fix the plant in the soil, absorption of

water, minerals and storage of food. We eat roots of different plants such

as sweet potato, carrot, radish etc.

Root system consists of which parts?1

What are taproots?2

What is a root cap?4

Write about the functions of root system.5

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1 The first root of a plant originated in the ______________is called

primary root.

stem embryo c d

soil lateral roota b


Example of tap roots are:3

2 The primary roots develop into:

turnip all of thesec d

tuberous roots root hair c d

fibrous roots taproots a b

carrot radisha b

Taproots lateral roots

Fibrous roots can store a lot of food in them

Root hair

primary rootsRoot cap

section of tissues

Tuberous roots absorb water and minerals

We eat roots of all plants.5 O

The function of root system is to absorb water only.4 O

The root cap keeps the root safe from damage.3 P

Thick roots like carrot and radish store a lot of food in them. 2 P

Lateral roots extend horizontally from primary roots.1 P


embryo

33

Exercise

3 What do you know about stomata?


Ans: The upper part of the leaf is broad and flat. It is called leaf blade.

Ans: A thick vein runs through the middle of the leaf. It is called midrib.

Ans: Leaves prepare food with the help of chlorophyll, water, minerals, sunlight

and air.

Ans: Stomata is the pore, found in the epidermis of leaves.

What is the leaf blade?1

What is the midrib?2

How do leaves prepare food?4

Fill in the blanks.

1 Leaves vary in size and shape .

2 There are many small veins spread in the leaf blade.

Leaves capture sunlight and take in carbon dioxide from air.5 P

Amaltas, rose and kikar have compound leaves.4 P

There are three types of leaves.3 O

There are many small pores spread in the leaf blade.2 O

The upper part of the leaf is narrow and flat.1 O

The upper part of the leaf is called:1

midrib veina b

leaf blade stomatac d

2 A thick vein runs through the middle of the leaf is called:

midrib veina b

leaf blade stomata c d

3 Most leaves have a short or long stalk called:

vein midriba b

petiole leaflet c d

A leaf whose leaf blade is all in one piece is called:4

compound leaf simple leaf a b

petiole leaflet c d

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3 A leaf whose leaf blade cuts into many leaflets is called a

compound leaf.

Leaves are called food factory of the plant.4

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Exercise

3 What are the external factors of germination?


Ans: Most of the plants grow from seeds. Such plants are called seed-bearing plants.

Ans: Germination is a process in which plant emerges from seed and begins growth.

Ans: The plants which produce flowers and fruits that contain the seeds are called flowering plants.

Ans: The external factors of germination are temperature, water and oxygen.

What is meant by seed-bearing plants?1

What is germination?2

What are flowering plants?4

37

Write three sentences about non-flowering plants.5

Ans: The plants which do not bear flowers are called non-flowering plants.

They are also called “Coniferous Plants”. These plants make seeds

inside their cones.

Fill in the blanks.

1 Each seed contains an embryo .

2 When warmth, water and oxygen become available to a seed, it begins to

germinate .

3 Rose, tulip and sunflower are flowering plants.

Non-flowering plants are called coniferous plants.4

Non-flowering plants make seeds inside their cones. 5


Most of the plants grow from:1

2 Each seed contains a:

3 Seeds are protected by a hard ______________ or seed coat.

In the process of germination, a seed ______________ is divided.4

bark rootsa b

seedling leaf c d

nut layer c d

seeds soilc d

system embryo a b

shell covera b

embryo cotyledona b

cell roots c d

cell

shell

11

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Exercise

3 What is a metal?


Ans: Material is anything made up of matter, comprising one or more

substances.

Ans: Some properties of materials are shape, size, colour, feel, touch and smell.

Ans: The material which allows the current and heat to pass through is called

conductor.

Ans: Metal is a solid material that is typically hard, opaque, shiny and fixed in shape.

Ans: The heat and current cannot pass through non-metals and these materials

are called insulators.

What is material?1

Write some properties of materials.2

What is meant by conductor?4

What are insulators?5

both a and bc d none of these

metals non-metalsa b

4 The heat and current cannot pass through:

shape feel c d

size coloura b

3 Non-metals also have fixed:

plasticmetal a b

40

Fill in the blanks.

The heat and current cannot pass through non-matels .4

Materials which are not made of metals are called non-metals.3

2 Most of the metallic materials are attracted to magnet .

1 Materials can be sorted as metals and non-metals.


Most of the metallic materials are attracted by:1


2 Materials which are not made of ______________ are called non-metals.

steeliron a b

cement rubberc d

non-metals magnetc d

Metal is a soft material.3 O

We can sort material in different ways.2 P

Metals can be felt smooth or rough to touch.4 P

Everything around us is made up of material.1 O

Non-metals are mostly opaque.5 P

Wood, plastic, cement, air and paper are some materials .5

metal

12

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Exercise

3 What will happen with a liquid if we freeze it?


Ans: Heat can change the solid into liquid.

Ans: Liquid can be change into gas by evaporation.

Ans: The changing of a liquid into a gaseous form is called evaporation.

Ans: A liquid will change into solid, if we freeze it.

Ans: The conversion of vapours or gas to a liquid is called condensation.

Which thing can change the solid into liquid?1

How can liquid be changed into gas?2

What is evaporation?4

What is condensation?5

Fill in the blanks.

1 Matter can change its states.

2 Heat can change the solid into liquid.

3 When water boils, it turns into gas .

Liquid can be changed into solid also.4

Water vapour is a gas in the air.5

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Solid, liquid and gas are three states of:1

2 A solid can be changed into liquid by:

3 ____________ can change the solids into liquids.

matterwatera b

freezing drinkinga b

Snow Waterc d

heating breakingc d

Heat Icea b

material objects c d


Boiling water changes into water

Ice cubes change into liquid

Solid can be changed into solid

Liquid can be changed condensation

Gas change into liquid into vapours

Heat

13

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Exercise

3 How is shadow made?


Ans: The objects which allow some light to pass through are called

translucent objects, such as tracing paper.

Ans: Materials which allow most of the light to pass through are called

transparent objects such as plain glass.

Ans: When the light strikes with a shining object, it comes back like a tennis ball.

This process is called reflection.

Ans: When an opaque object comes in the way of light, the path of light is

blocked and a shadow is made.

Ans: When the rays of light fall on a transparent object such as glass of water,

they bend a little. This is called refraction of light.

Which objects are called translucent objects?1

Which objects are called transparent objects?2

What is reflection?4

What is refraction? 5

46

Fill in the blanks.

1 We can see only in the presence of light .

2 Light travels in a straight line.

3 The shadow is a place where light does not shine.

Mirrors are very shiny surfaces.4

Mirrors reflect a lot of light rays.5



All living things on the Earth get light from the:1

2 ____________ of the light can pass through translucent objects.

3 Plain glass is a ______________ object.

Materials which do not let the light pass through are called:4

Moon Marsa b

Most Noa b

transparent translucent a b

opaque reflected c d

transparent translucent a b

Light can bend around the things. 5 O

We can see only in the presence of light.1 P

Only a part of light can pass through translucent objects.2 P

Materials which do not let the light pass through, called transparent.3 O

Light travels in different lines.4 O

Sun Power Stations c d

Few Somec d

opaque hardc d

Some

transparent

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Exercise

3 What is a closed circuit?


Ans: There are two kinds of electricity: static electricity and current electricity.

Ans: Electricity which moves along a wire is called current electricity.

Ans: A switch is a device that is used to open or close a circuit.

Ans: A complete circuit which does not have any gap in between is called a

closed circuit.

Ans: Magnet is a piece of iron or steel. It can attract the things made up of

iron, steel or cobalt. The power of pulling the things is called

magnetism.

How many kinds of electricity are there? Write their names.1

What is current electricity?2

What is a switch?4

What do you know about magnetism?5

49

Fill in the blanks.

1 Static electricity is an electrical energy which is in the state of rest .

2 There are two types of circuit.

4 A magnet is a piece of iron, steel or cobalt.

All magnets have same properties .5

When there is a gap in the circuit, it will not light up the bulb.3



______________ is of two types. 1

2 All types of matter have tiny bits of electricity, called:

3 Electricity which moves along a wire is called:

Energy Currenta b

electrons magnetism a b

current wire electricity c d

Electricity Light c d

When switch is on, there will be no flow of current in the circuit.3 O

All types of matter have tiny bits of electricity, called electric charges. 1 P

A magnet is a piece of iron, steel or cobalt.5 P

A magnet has three poles.4 O

A complete circuit does not have any gap.2 P

protons electric charges c d

current electricity static electricity a b

Electricity

15

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Exercise

3 How many types of force are there? Write their names.


Ans: Force means the power which can move or stop things. When we open the

door of the room, we pull it and use force.

Ans: When we close or open the door, we push or pull it and use force. This

push and pull is called force. A force can change the way an object moves.

By force we can tear, bend, break and stretch things.

Ans: The force which slows down or stops a moving thing is called friction.

Ans: There are different types of force but most common forces are: friction

and gravity.

Ans: The Earth pulls everything towards itself. This pull of Earth is called the

force of gravity.

What is meant by force?1

In what ways does force help us?2

What is the force of friction?4

What is the force of gravity?5

Fill in the blanks.

1 The push and pull is called force .

2 The force which slows down or stops moving objects is called friction .

3 We need friction to walk on the ground.

Energy Friction c d

Force Gravity a b

a little very much c d

morelessa b

frictionpushc d

gravitybenda b

PullForcec d

PushMagnetism a b

The pull of the earth is called gravity.5 P

Gravity helps us to run and ride a bicycle.4 O

We have to apply less force to move heavy objects.3 O

A force can change the way an object moves.2 P

We open the door of the room, we push it and use force. 1 O

If you throw a ball into the air, it will fall to the ground .5

The Earth pulls everything towards itself.4

52



___________ means the power which can move or stop things.1

2 The ______________ and pull are called force.

3 We have to apply ______________ force to move smaller or light

objects.

______________ helps us to run and ride a bicycle.4

Force

push

less

Friction

16

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0 - 35

35 - 60

60 - 2890

2890 - 5100

5100 - 6378

55

Exercise

3 How many layers does the Earth have? Write their names.


Ans: Earth’s surface is made up of land and water.

Ans: The Earth is round in shape.

Ans: The Earth rotates on its axis. The axis of the Earth is an imaginary line

around which the Earth turns from West to East in front of the Sun. This

rotation causes day and night. It takes 24 hours for the Earth to make a

complete turn on its axis.

Ans: The Earth is made up of three layers: crust, mantel and core.

Ans: The Earth revolves around the Sun in a closed path, called its orbit. The

Earth takes 365 days to complete its orbit around the Sun.

What is the shape of the Earth?2

What is axial movement of the Earth?4

What is the orbital movement of the Earth?5

Fill in the blanks.

1 Three quarters of the Earth are filled with water and one quarter is land.

2 The Earth is made up of three layers.

3 Outer most layer of the Earth is called crust .

Core is the inner most layer.4

The axis of the Earth is an imaginary line . 5

What is the surface of the Earth made of?1


Earth is made up of ___________ layers.1

2 The Earth is slightly ______________ at the poles.

plain flatteneda b

five fourc d

Outer most layer of the Earth is made up of:

ocean

The movement of Earth is of ___________ types.

____________ rotation of the Earth causes day and night.

The Earth takes ____________ to make a complete turn on its axis.

mountains landa b

one threea b

Orbital Yearlya b

365 hours 365 daysc d

two threea b

round vertical c d

all of thesed

fourtwoc d

24 days 24 hoursa b

Axial Dailyc d


Upper mantel

35-60km

Crust 2890- 5100 km

Mantel 5100- 6378 km

Outer core

0-35 km

Inner core 60-2890 km56

three

flattened

c

Axial

two

24 hours

key book science 3 · c arteries d things c circulatory system d muscular system a organs b veins...

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