kevin kraus, saint francis university environmental engineering department, “trompe aeration”
TRANSCRIPT
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Trompe: Design and Analysis of a Passive Aeration Mechanism
TROMPES “R” USBy: Michael Fox, Kevin Kraus, Nicholas Pyo
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Outline
Background Approach Taken Summary of Results Sustainability Assessment Cost Assessment Guidance
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History
Originated in the Catalan Forge, Spain
Used in Ragged Chute mine in North Bay, Canada
New Revival: Treatment of AMD BioMost, Inc.
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What is a Trompe?
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Energy Balance
( 𝑣122𝑔 +𝑃1
𝛾 +h1=𝑣22
2𝑔 +𝑃 2
𝛾 +h2)Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
Elevation Head
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Outline
BackgroundApproach Taken Summary of Results Sustainability Assessment Cost Assessment Guidance
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Approach TakenProblem Statement: Investigate the problems with configurations and efficiency of trompe Limited information and knowledge of trompeObjectives: Better understanding of trompe Breaking down each component Disseminate the information as guidance Lab, Field and Computer Model
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Design Criteria and ConstraintsCriteria and Constraints: Design criteria – Hydraulics
Steady Flow Design constraints
Material – PVC Water Flow:
Lab: 0 – 45 GPM Field: 0 – 3000 GPM
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Lab Experiment
Independent Variables: Design of the aspirator Length and diameter of air
containment chamber Height of outflow Flow rate of water
Dependent Variables: Air production
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Lab Experiment Aspirator Designs
Figure 2: One-inch trompe aspirator design.
Figure 3: Two-inch trompe aspirator design.
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BioMost Field Aspirator Design
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Field Monitoring-Rock Tunnel
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Field Monitoring
B C D
A E
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Computer Model
Developed from Energy Equation
Takes inputs (Right) Outputs graph (shown later)
( 𝑣122𝑔+𝑃1
𝛾 +h1=𝑣22
2𝑔+𝑃 2
𝛾 +h2)
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Outline
Background Approach TakenSummary of Results Sustainability Assessment Cost Assessment Guidance
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Air Production vs Water Flow Rate
0 50
1100 1300 1500 1700 1900
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
1
024681012
One-inch Lab-Scale Two-inch Lab-Scale Field-Scale
Water Flow Rate (GPM)
Air F
low
Rate
in to
Tro
mpe
(c
fm)
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Air Production Efficiency
0.0 1.0
5 15 25 35 45
0.0
1.0
51015
One-Inch Trompe Two-Inch Trompe Efficiency LineField-Scale Efficiency Line 2
Air Flow Rate In (cfm)
Air F
low
Rate
Out
(cfm
)
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Aspirator Model Setup
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Height of Water in Reservoir
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
-5-3-113579
P in Venturi (psi) P before Venturi (psi) P after Venturi (psi) Head H2O z_5 (ft)
Flow Rate of Water (gpm)
Head
(ft)
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Pressure Before Aspirator
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
-5-3-113579
P in Venturi (psi) P before Venturi (psi) P after Venturi (psi) Head H2O z_5 (ft)
Flow Rate of Water (gpm)
Head
(ft)
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Pressure In Aspirator
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
-5-3-113579
P in Venturi (psi) P before Venturi (psi) P after Venturi (psi) Head H2O z_5 (ft)
Flow Rate of Water (gpm)
Head
(ft)
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Pressure After Aspirator
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
-5-3-113579
P in Venturi (psi) P before Venturi (psi) P after Venturi (psi) Head H2O z_5 (ft)
Flow Rate of Water (gpm)
Head
(ft)
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
-5
-3
-1
1
3
5
7
9
P in Venturi P before Venturi P after Venturi Head H2O
Flow Rate of Water (gpm)
Head
(ft)
One Inch Trompe
Critical Range
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20 40
-5-3-113579
111315
P in Venturi P before Venturi P after Venturi Head H2O
Flow Rate of Water (gpm)
Head
(ft)
Two Inch Trompe
Critical Range
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0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
45
P in Venturi P before Venturi P after Venturi Head H2O
Flow Rate of Water (gpm)
Head
(ft)
Rock Tunnel - Ten inch Trompe
Critical Range
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Sensitivity Analysis
*With k_expansion > 1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70-20
020406080
100120
Head H2O P_head_in_asp P_head_before_asp
Flow Rate of Water (GPM)
Head
(ft)
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Sensitivity Analysis-Criteria
*With k_expansion < 1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Head H2O P_head_in_asp P_head_before_aspFlow Rate of Water (GPM)
Head
(ft)
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Energy Efficiency
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4500.20.40.60.8
11.21.41.61.8
2f(x) = 0.034332534312982 x + 0.380774140202798
Energy Efficiency of 2" Trompe
Water Flowrate (GPM)
% E
fficie
ncy
010
020
030
040
050
060
070
080
00
4
8
12
16
20
Energy Efficiency of Each Field Trompe
Low
Medium
High
Water Flowrate (GPM)
% E
fficie
ncy
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Outline
Background Approach Taken Summary of ResultsSustainability Assessment Cost Assessment Guidance
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Air Compressor: 7.5 HP | 30 CFM Operates on 6.93 kWh Operate Compressor:
1 year 61,000 kWh
Sustainability AssessmentCarbon Emissions: Assume the burning of coal 2.10 lbs CO2 per kWh Emissions into Atmosphere:
1 year 130,000 lbs of CO2
Average Household: 15,000 lbs of CO2 per
year
That is the equivalent Emissions of 9 Houses!
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That is the equivalent weight of 21.5 elephants!
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Outline
Background Approach Taken Summary of Results Sustainability AssessmentCost Assessment Guidance
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Cost Assessment10 Year Analysis: Average Cost of Electricity is
$0.12/kWh Air Compressor:
Cost of Structure and Install – $23,000
Cost of Operation – $73,000
Present Worth: $96,000 Trompe:
Cost of Install - $46,000 Cost of Operation - $0
Present Worth: $46,000
Trompe:$50,000 Savings!
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Outline
Background Approach Taken Summary of Results Sustainability Assessment Cost AssessmentGuidance
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Guidance
Key Design Elements: Critical Range
Dependent on Water Flowrate Aspirator Design
25-50% Area Reduction Air-Separation Chamber
Varying Length Following Recommendations:
Improved System Efficiency
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Conclusion
Trompes needed for Passive Treatment
Lab experiments Field monitoring Calibrate computer model Design guidance and
recommendations Disseminate Information
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Acknowledgements
BioMost, Inc. Kevin Tomkowski Joel Bandstra, PhD Douglas Daley, PE Kelsea Palmer Bruce Leavitt
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Questions?Thank you!