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The origin and development of Chinese herbsThe origin and development of Chinese herbs
The Connotation of Chinese HerbsThe Connotation of Chinese Herbs
Caution & ContraindicationsCaution & Contraindications
Herbs PropertyHerbs Property
Compatibility of Chiness HerbsCompatibility of Chiness Herbs
Modern ResearchModern Research
The origin and development of Chinese herbsThe origin and development of Chinese herbs
I. Primitive Societies (2100 B.C.)
II. Xia, Shang & Zhou Dynasty
( The Slavery: 2000 B.C. ~ 200 B.C.) Chinese herbs
12,807
Botanical 11,146
Zoological 1,581
Mineral 80
III. Qin & Han Dynasty
( The Feudal age: 221 B.C ~ 220 A.C. )
• One of the four classic books • 5 Taste: Sore Salt Sweet Bitter Spicy • Temperature characteristics (Qi): Cold Heat Warm Cool • The principle of using poison herbs: • Cold disease hot herbs; Heat dis. Cold herbs•
Divine Husbandman’s Classic of the Materia Medica (365)
Upper 天 No poison or less posion: no side-effects; for long life purpose
Ren Shen, Gan Cao, Shi Hu, Di Huang, Tian Men Dong, Du Huo, Yuan Zhi, Ze Xie,
Middle 人 No poison or little posion: Tonify or nourish the Deficiency; treatability
Mai Men Dong, Sha Shen, Zhi Mu, Wu Wei Zi, Gan Jiang, Huang Qin, Ma Huang
Lower 地 Poison herbs: Can’t be used for long time; strong medical property
Da Huang, Gan Sui, Ting Li Zi, Fu Zi, Wu Tou, Li Lu, Ban Xia
Disease location When
Upper Jiao Drink herb tea after meal
Middle & lower Jiao Before meal
Four limbs & blood vessels Empty stomach in the morning
Marrow Full stomach at night
• IV. Tang Dynasty (581 A.C. ~ 907 A.C. )IV. Tang Dynasty (581 A.C. ~ 907 A.C. )
<<Tang Materia Medica>> (844)
First medicine codex which was edited by the government
First illustrated materia medica
Herb name + illustrate + explanation
Original habitatOriginal habitat
Harvest seasonHarvest season
Ren shen (ginsenoside ) : August
Different partDifferent part
Ma Huang: ephedrine
Chuan Niu Xi : Activates blood circulation and transforms blood stasis, dispels wind-damp, invigorates the channels
Huai Niu Xi: weakness and pain in loin and knees, tight and spastic limbs
Tu Niu Xi : clear heat, relieve toxicity
道家经典《道藏》曾把霍山石斛、天山雪莲、三两人参、百二十年首乌、花甲茯苁、深山灵芝、海底珍珠、冬虫夏草等列为中华“九大仙草”，且霍山石斛名列之首。
• V. Ming Dynasty (1368 ~1644 B.C.)
– << Grand Materia Medica >> ( Ben Cao Gang Mu )
Darwin: Chinese Cyclopaedia
Chinese herbs 1,892
Botanical 1,173
Zoological 444
Mineral 275
Chinese herbs
12,807
Botanical 11,146
Zoological 1,581
Mineral 80
VI.VI. Modern Era ( 1949 ~ )Modern Era ( 1949 ~ )
<< Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Substances Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Substances >>
Almost each province has it’s own college
The Connotation of Chinese HerbsThe Connotation of Chinese Herbs
• 1. Treat patient as a whole
• 2. We exactly use which properties of the herb ?!
• 3. What is the combination of herbs?
CautionsCautions
Decocted first
Toxic herbs (30 - 45 min) Zhi Fu Zi; Chuan Wu; Cao Wu
Minerals ( 20 min ) Ci Shi; Dai Zhe Shi; Long Gu;
Shells ( 20 min ) Shi Jue Ming; Mu Li; Gui Ban; Bie Jia
Horn ( 20 min ) Shui Niu Jiao;
Decocted in gauze Xuan Fu Hua; Che Qian Zi; Chi Shi Zhi
Added near end Bo He; Mu Xiang; Sha Ren; Qing Hao; Da Huang
Separately decocted Ren Shen; Xi Yang Shen; Dong Chong Cao;
Dissolved in the strained decoction
E Jiao; Yi Tang
Taken with the strained decoction
Chuan Bei Mu; San Qi; Niu Huang; Zhu Li
When to drink?
Cautions to Pregnant Women
Moving blood herbs Chuan Xiong; Hong Hua; Tao Ren
Extremely Hot herbs Jiang Huang; Fu Zi; Rou Gui
Herbs which make Qi going down
Niu Xi; Da Huang; Fan Xie Ye; Mang Xiao; Lu Hui
Caution of using Chinese herbs to all diseaseStomachache Yuan Zhi, Zhao Fan
Spleen & St. cold in def. type Shan dou Geng; Bie Jia; Ci Shi; Shi Gao; Gui Ban; Tian Hua Feng; Ku Shen; Da Qing Ye; Zhi Mu; Huang Bai; Zhi shi; Chuan Lian Zi; Shen Di; Long Dan Cao; Huang Qin; Han Lian Cao; Qin dai; Lu Hui; Tian Dong; Xuan Shen
Diarrhea or Loose stools Tian Dong; Niu Pang zi; Huang Jin; Po Zi Ren; Zhi MU; Bai He; Bee Honey; Tian Hua Feng; Gou Qi Zi; Rou Cong rong; Zhi Zi; Hu Tao Rou; Shen di; Han Lian Cao; Suo Yang; Zi Cao; Nu zhen zi; Dang Gui; Shan dou geng; Bie Jia; Shu Di; Lu Hui; Hei Zhi Ma; Shou Wu; E Jiao
Swollen due to Sp def. Shang Lu; Ban Bian Lian; Qian Niu Zi
Pregnant women Dai Zhe Shi; Gui Zhi; Chi Shi Zhi; Xi Jiao; Meng Shi; Niu Huang; Bing pian; Mu Tong; Gui Ban; Gan Jiang; Tong Cao; Zhi shi; Dan Pi; Dong Kui Zi
Menses Da Huang; Gui Zhi; Fan Xie Ye
Lots menstrual flow Niu Xi; San Leng; E Zhu; Chuan Xiong
High blood pressure Yang Jin Hua
Small Dosage Wu Gong; Quan Xie; Ru Rong; Ru Xiang; Mo yao; Huang Lian; Cang er zi; Fan xie ye; Shi Jun Zi; Pu gong yin; Gan Cao; Fang Ji; Mu Xiang; Xi Xing; Wu Jia Pi
No Long term drinking Ya Dan Zi; Yin Shu Ke; Chuan xing lian; Wei Ling Xian; Huang Lian; Wu Zhu Yu; Zhu Sha
No long time cooking Bo He; Yin Chen; Jing Jie; Qin Hao; Gou Teng; Huo Xiang;
Contraindications
• Contraindications of herb combination
• Contraindications of food taking
• Contraindications to pregnant women
• Modern Research about Chinese Herbs’ Contraindications
Contraindications of using Chinese herbs to all diseaseExternal cold Ma Hang Geng; Di Gu Pi; Ke Zi; Mai Dong; Wu Mei;
Huang Qi; Wu Wei Zi; Dong Chong xia Cao
Full or Heat disease Ren Shen
Skin Allergy Bai Jie Zi
Bad appetite E Jiao; Huang Qin; Xuan Shen; Bie Jia; Zhi Zi; Fang Ji; Shan Dou Geng;
Abdominal Extension Ke Zi; Da Zhao; Shen Di; Long Yan Rou; Yi Tang; Dang Gui; Shan Yao; Shu Di; Huang Jin; Feng Mi
Stomachache Yuan Zhi, Zhao Fan
Swollen due to Sp def. Shang Lu; Ban Bian Lian; Qian Niu Zi
Pregnant women She Xiang; Ba Dou; Qian Niu Zi; She Gan; Gan Sui; Xiong Huang; Da Ji; Da Huang; Lu Hui; Shang Lu; Zhang Nao; Ru Xiang; Mo Yao; Fan Xie Ye; Yuan Hua; Mang Xiao;
Lactation Mai Ya; Da Huang; Fan Xie Ye
Qi Def. Lai Fu Zi; Qin Pi
Blood Def. Quan Xie; Cang er Zi; Gao Ben;
Liver & Kidney disease Ya Dan Zi; Zhu Sha; Han Fang Ji; Mu Tong
Contraindications of using Chinese herbs to all disease
Coronary heart disease Ma Huang
High blood pressure Ma Huang;
Bleeding symptoms Coughing blood: Zao Jia Blood heat: Rou Gui
Stomach bleeding: Ya Dan Zi
Night sweating Ma Huang
Spontaneous sweating Ma Huang; Bo He; Xi Xing; Xiang Ru;
Certain foods can have adverse effects on the herbal Certain foods can have adverse effects on the herbal therapytherapy
In Ancient booksJin Jie Sea foods
Gan Cao; Huan Lian; Jie Geng; Wu Mei Pork
Chang Shan Green onion
Di Huang; He Shou Wu; Green onion; Garlic; Daykon
Dan Shen; Fu Ling; Fu Shen; Vinegar
Tu Fu Lin; Shi Jun Zi Tea
Bo He; persimmon Crab
1.1. TeaTea
2.2. Cold, Greasy or Spicy foodCold, Greasy or Spicy food
3.3. DaykonDaykon 4. Raw Food Raw Food
Certain foods can have adverse effects on the herbal therapyCertain foods can have adverse effects on the herbal therapy
Contraindications to Pregnant Women
Very toxic herb Shui Yin; Pi Shuan; Xiong Huang; Chan Chu; Ma Qian Zi; Li Lu; Gua Di
Harsh expellants herbs Gan Shui; Da Ji; Yuan Hua; Qian Niu Zi; Ba Dou; Shang Lu;
Strongly break up & drive out blood herbs
Shui Zhi; Mang Chong; San Ling; E Zhu; Gan Qi;
Open orifices herbs She Xiang; Niu Huang;
Hot toxic herbs Chuan Wu; Cao Wu;
Discussion Discussion
• Chinese herbs + Western Medicine• How to diagnose herbal-related poisoning ?
Herb PropertyHerb Property
• 1. Four Characters
• 2. Five Taste
• 3. Channels of Entry
• 4. lifting, lowering, floating and sinking
Herbs PropertyHerbs Property1. Four Qi ( The temperature Characteristic )
2. Clinic Practicing
<A> Treating cold syndrome with hot-natured drugs (or heating the cold)
Treating heat syndrome with cold-natured drugs ( or cooling the heat)
<B> Identify the “Real cold syndrome with fake heat syndromes” or “Real heat syndromes with fake cold syndromes”
<C> According to the development of disease to choose proper herbs
<D> Treating both heat & cold symptoms with both cold & hot natured drugs
Cold & Cool Hot & Warm Even
TCM treatment
Clear Heat;
Cool the heat toxin in Blood;
Clear Empty Heat;
Phlegm-heat;
Promote defecating;
Promote urination;
Nourish Yin;
Calm down liver wind;
Warm the internal cold;
Expel the external cold;
Tonify the Yang Qi;
Warm up the meridian;
Rescue the exhausted Yang;
Could be widely used;
Herb Shi Gao; Jin Yin Hua; Qin Hao; Gua Lou; Da Huang; Shen Di; Ling Yang Jiao
Gang Jiang; Gui Zhi; Ma Huang; Fu Zi; Du Huo; Rou Gui;
Gan Cao;
Herb PropertyHerb Property2. Five Taste
Spicy Sweet Bitter Sour Salty
FunctionFunction DisperseDisperse
TonifyingTonifying Down bearingDown bearing
AstringingAstringing
SofteningSoftening
ModeratingModeratingMovingMoving
MoisteningMoisteningDrainingDraining
Contra-
IndicationAll types of Def.
DampnessPregnant women
Any condition of excess: Damp or
Stagnation
Fluid accumulat-
ion
Exterior Wind
Prolapse
Diarrhea, Profuse urine
Damp
Sp. Def. , Blood Def. ,
Yin def.
Loose stools
Herb PropertyHerb Property3. Channels of Entry3. Channels of Entry
Herb agents target specific channels within the body to effect a Herb agents target specific channels within the body to effect a change in that channelchange in that channel
Clear heat from heart:
irritability, restlessness, insomnia
The herb which enter the small intestine are cold to treat damp heat urinary problem or expel water through intestine
Transform damp and treat wind damp, phlegm, diarrhea or toxic swelling
Many herbs which enter the stomach channel clear heat, especially toxic heat
All herbs in the surface releasing categories enter lung channels
Treat damp heat diarrhea or intestinal abscess
Tonify Yin, Yang or essence; Clear empty heat in kidney; or help drain damp
Treat jaundice or to guide the herb to the shao yang energetic level
Treat wind syndromes like inchy skin, bloody diarrhea, or tremors, drain liver fire, relieve liver Qi stagnation, or treat eye problem due to heat
Treat edema; Drain damp heat from the lower burner;
Herb PropertyHerb Property
• 4. lifting, lowering, floating and sinking Varying disease often appear to bear a tendency to move upward, downward,
towards the exterior or the interior. Corresponding to the above, the direction of actions of medicinal herbs on human body also have the lifting, lowering, floating and sinking distinction
lifting Lowering Floating Sinking
The direction of herbal actions is toward the upper parts, which are indicated for a
disease in a lower and deeper parts
They function toward the lower
parts and possess the action of
descending adverse Qi and are indicated for the disease due
to adverse ascending of
pathogenic factors
Floating herbs function toward the upper and outward
parts, generally exert the effects of
sweating and dispersing and are indicated for the
disease in the upper and superficial parts
Sinking herbs function toward the lower and inward parts, have the
effects of lowering the adverse flow of
Qi and relaxing bowels and are indicated for the
disease in the lower and interior
Huang Qi + Sheng Ma: Dai Zhe Shi; Cheng Xiang; Shi Jue Ming
MaHuang; Zi Su; Fang Feng; Du Huo
Da Huang; Mu Tong
Prolapse disease Cough, dizziness, vomiting
Exterior cold Constipation; dysuria
Compatibility of Chinese Herbs– Compatibility of Chinese Herbs– Herb PairsHerb Pairs
• 1. Mutual reinforcement （相须）
• 2. Mutual assistance （相使 ）
• 3. Mutual restraint or detoxication （相畏 or 相杀）
• 4. Mutual Antagonism （相恶）
• 5. Mutual Incompatibility （相反）
• 1. Mutual reinforcement （相须）
• That is, two or more ingredients with similar properties and effects are used in combination to reinforce each other’s action
•
Mutual reinforcement Effects & Action
Da Huang + Mang Xiao Purgating action
Tao Ren + Hong Hua Invigorating the blood
Zhi Mu + Huang Bai Clear deficient fever
Ru Xiang + Mo Yao Invigorating the blood
Fu Zi + Gan Jiang Warm up the Yang Qi
Quan Xie +Wu Gong Stop muscle Spasm
2. Mutual assistance （相使 ）
• That is, Chinese medicinal herbs that are not certainly similar but have some relationship in the aspect of medicinal properties and actions are used in combination, in which one herb is taken as the dominate factor and the others as its assistants to raise its therapeutic effects.
• Dominate herb Assistant herbs Effects & Action
Huang Qi Fang Ji Promote water circulation & permeating the dampness
Huang Lian Mu Xiang Stop diarrhea & abdomen pain
Da Huang Huang Qin Clear damp-heat
3. Mutual restraint or detoxication （相畏 or 相杀）• That is, mutual restraining effect of different medicines to weaken
or neutralize each other’s harmfulness, such as toxicity or side-effects.
•
Mutual restraint
Ban Xia; Dan Nan Xing Sheng Jiang
Ren Sheng Wu Ling Zhi
Fu Zi Gan Jiang
Fu Zi Gan Cao
• Mutual Antagonism ( 相恶 )
The ability of two substances to minimize or neutralize each other’s positive effects
Ba Dou Qian Niu Zi Gan Yin Wan ( 感应丸 )
Ding Xiang Yu Jin Shi Xiang Fan Hun San ( 十香反魂散 )
Chuan Wu & Cao Wu
Xi Jiao Da Huo Luo Wan ( 大活络丸 )
Ren Shen Wu Ling Zhi
Rou Gui Chi Shi Zhi
*Liu Huang *Pu Xiao
*Shui Yin *Pi Shuang
*Lang Du *Mi Tuo Shen
*Ya Xiao *San Leng
• Mutual Incompatibility ( 相反 )Cause side effects or toxicity if use together
Gan Cao Gan Sui
Da Ji
Yuan Hua
Hai Zao
Dosage: Gan Cao>= Gan Sui
Wu Tou
( Fu Zi )
Ban Xia
Gua Lou
Bei Mu
Bai Ji
Bai Lian
Bei Mu or Ban Xia + Fu Zi ( No evidence support it )
Li Lu Ren Shen
Dang Shen
Dan Shen
Xuan Shen
Sha Shen
Ku Shen
Xi Xin
Bai Shao
Xi Xin + Li Lu: cause animal death in the lab
Modern research and traditional Chinese medicine Modern research and traditional Chinese medicine
• Research about the chemical ingredients of herbs– To give scientific evidence about how to harvest, collect & storage
herbs– Quality identification – Improve the traditional processing herb method– Support to make new patent medicine
Herb Chemical ingredients functions
Yi Mu Cao Yi Mu Cao alkaloid Make uterus contracting; lower high blood pressure
Hou Pu Hou PU alkaloid Lower blood pressure
Fu Zi Wu Tou alkaloid Anti-inflammation; calm; pain-killer; cardiac;
Fu Ling Fu Ling amylose Anti-tumor