kevin burke apc
TRANSCRIPT
All content in this presentation is protected – © 2008 American Power Conversion Corporation
On-Demand Architecture for
Network Critical Physical Infrastructure
Power Delivery in Today’s Data Center
Kevin P. Burke, P.E.
Critical Systems Manager – Southeast Region
704-821-0524
APC by Schneider Electric
Agenda
● Present State of Affairs, Glimpse of the Future for
Data Center Power Requirements.
● Efficiency Improvements and Path to Savings
● Higher Voltage Options for Data Center Distribution
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IT Changes and Mechanical/Electrical Load Impacts
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High Density Computing
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Year
Per
Rac
k P
ow
er D
ensi
ty (
KW
)
Max per-rack IT Load
Data Center rated
rack power capacity
IT Loads are greatly exceeding rated capacity!
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Needs for the Future Now!
● Support for Higher Density Loads.
● High Density Zones
● kW per Rack vs Watts per Ft2
● Higher Overall Building Efficiency.
● Improved Efficiency of Every Aspect of Data Center
Power Consumption.
● Green Solutions.
● Reduced Environmental Impact
● Reduce – Recycle - Reuse
● Rapid Deployment and Relocation.
● Changing Face of Economy
• Mergers & Acquisitions
• Compaction, Consolidation
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A standardized way to specify density
Same 500 kW data center – but different “average
density” depending on how calculated:
120
746 watts/ft2
179 watts/ft2
119 watts/ft2
189 watts/ft2
Ambiguous
• Include access area around
racks?
• Include back-room area?
• Consider total mains power
consumption ?
Specifying
Density
Traditional
way
White paper
APC by Schneider Electric
A standardized way to specify density
Same 500 kW data center – but different “average
density” depending on how calculated:
746 watts/ft2
179 watts/ft2
119 watts/ft2
189 watts/ft2
5 kW/rack =
● Eliminates the ambiguities of watts/ft
2
● Allows different densities for different areas
of the data center
Ambiguous
• Include access area around
racks?
• Include back-room area?
• Consider total mains power
consumption ?
120
Total IT power
# of racks
Specifying
Density
A better way
Traditional
way
White paper
APC by Schneider Electric
High-density zone
● A “mini data center” with its own cooling
● Contributes no heat to rest of data center
● Works with existing room-based cooling
● Hot/cool air circulation localized within
the zone by short air paths and/or
containment
● Achieves optimal efficiency
1 Spread the load
2 Supplemental cooling
3 High-density zone
4 Whole room
Cooling strategies:
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High Efficiency UPS
● Most UPS Manufacturers
are Striving for Higher
Efficiencies in Standard
Designs Today.
● On-Line UPS modules
available with efficiencies
as high as 96% at 100%
Load.
● Flatter Efficiency Curves At
Lighter Loads.
● More “Right Sized”
Designs.
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Efficiency Savings through Scalability
● Parallel for capacity or
redundancy
● 4000 amps system bus ● 2 X 1600 kW Scalable UPS
● Average load of 40 – 60%
● UPS sized to ~ 80% of load
with an efficiency of around
97% ● At a loading of 1600 kW (50%
system load), each module can be
initially populated to 1000 kW.
● Each module, loaded to 80%, with
an efficiency of 97% will have
system kW losses of 49 kW.
● At a kWh rate of $0.07, 49 kW of
losses translates to $30,047 per
year.
6 points of efficiency improvement saves $66,839 per year in electrical costs
● Parallel for capacity or
redundancy
● 4000 amps system bus
● 4 X 800 kVA/720 kW UPS
● Average load of 40 – 60%
● UPS load at 50-55% has
Efficiency ranges from 91%
to 94% ● At a loading of 55%, a 2880 kW
system (1600 kW load), with an
efficiency of 91% will have kW
losses of 158 kW
● At a kWh rate of $0.07, 158 kW of
losses translates to $96,886 per
year
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UPS Load vs. Capacity
Day 1 Capacity for Day 1 Loads
Day 2 Capacity for Day 2 Loads Day 2 Capacity for Day 1 Loads
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Typical North American Data Center
Power Distribution
Standard Configuration Utilizes
PDUs to Transform UPS voltage to
Server Power Supply Voltages
480 VAC, 3 Phase, 3 W + G to
208Y/120 VAC.
Overall Rating of PDUs Can be 1.5
to 3 Times the System Rating.
Even the Best PDUs Have
Efficiency Losses Associated With
Them.
Weight and Footprint
Considerations in the Data Center
White Space.
Heat Losses Associated with XFMR
208Y/120 VAC. Five Conductors, A,
B, C, N, G, Higher Amperage
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Typical 400 VAC Data Center
Power Distribution
400 VAC Configuration Utilizes no
PDUs to Transform UPS voltage to
Server Power Supply Voltages
400Y/230 VAC, 3 Phase, 4 W + G
to Rack.
Distribution More Closely Sized to
the System Rating.
Single Autotransformer or 400 VAC
UPS System can be used.
Greatly Reduced Weight and
Footprint Considerations in the
Data Center White Space.
No or Reduced XFMR Heat Losses
400Y/230 VAC. Five Conductors, A,
B, C, N, G, Lower Amperage
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Questions?